SIST EN 16932-3:2018
(Main)Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping systems - Part 3: Vacuum systems
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping systems - Part 3: Vacuum systems
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction and acceptance testing of wastewater pumping systems in drain and sewer systems outside the buildings they are intended to serve. It includes pumping systems installations in drain and sewer systems that operate essentially under gravity as well as systems using either positive pressure or partial vacuum.
This document is applicable to vacuum drain and sewer systems.
Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden - Pumpsysteme - Teil 3: Unterdruckentwässerungssysteme
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Planung, den Bau und die Abnahmeprüfung von Pumpsystemen zur Abwasserentsorgung außerhalb von Gebäuden, zu deren Entsorgung sie dienen, fest. Sie betrifft Pumpsysteme in Entwässerungssystemen, welche hauptsächlich als Freispiegelsysteme, sowie Systeme, die entweder mit Überdruck oder Unterdruck betrieben werden.
Dieser Teil gilt für Unterdrucksysteme.
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur des bâtiments - Systèmes de pompage - Partie 3 : Systèmes sous vide
La présente norme européenne fournit des prescriptions pour la conception, la construction et les essais d’acceptation des systèmes de pompage des eaux usées dans les réseaux d’évacuation et d’assainissement à l’extérieur des bâtiments qu’ils sont destinés à desservir. Elle couvre les installations de systèmes de pompage dans les réseaux d’évacuation et d’assainissement, principalement les réseaux gravitaires, ainsi que les réseaux utilisant soit une pression positive, soit un vide partiel.
Le présent document s’applique aux réseaux d’évacuation et d’assainissement sous vide.
Sistemi za odvod odpadne vode in kanalizacijo zunaj stavb - Črpalni sistemi - 3. del: Vakuumski sistemi
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za projektiranje, izdelavo in preskušanje sprejemljivosti črpalnih sistemov odpadnih vod v sistemih za odvod in kanalizacijo zunaj stavb, v katerih so namenjeni za delovanje. Vključuje inštalacije črpalnih sistemov v sistemih za odvod in kanalizacijo, ki delujejo zlasti s pomočjo gravitacije, kot tudi v sistemih, ki uporabljajo pozitivni tlak ali delni vakuum.
Ta dokument se uporablja za sisteme za vakuumski odvod in kanalizacijo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16932-3:2018
01-junij-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1091:2000
SIST EN 1671:1998
6LVWHPL]DRGYRGRGSDGQHYRGHLQNDQDOL]DFLMR]XQDMVWDYEýUSDOQLVLVWHPL
GHO 9DNXXPVNLVLVWHPL
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping systems - Part 3: Vacuum
systems
Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden - Pumpsysteme - Teil 3:
Unterdruckentwässerungssysteme
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur des bâtiments - Systèmes de
pompage - Partie 3 : Systèmes sous vide
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16932-3:2018
ICS:
93.030 Zunanji sistemi za odpadno External sewage systems
vodo
SIST EN 16932-3:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.030 Supersedes EN 1091:1996, EN 1671:1997
English Version
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping
systems - Part 3: Vacuum systems
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden -
des bâtiments - Systèmes de pompage - Partie 3: Pumpsysteme - Teil 3:
Systèmes sous vide Unterdruckentwässerungssysteme
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16932-3:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and units . 7
5 General . 8
6 Planning vacuum sewer systems . 8
6.1 Basis of design . 8
6.2 Location of collection chambers . 8
6.3 Route and profile of vacuum pipelines. 9
6.4 Hydro pneumatic design of the system . 11
6.5 Vacuum station design . 13
6.5.1 General . 13
6.5.2 Sizing the vacuum vessel for flushing activities . 16
6.6 Power consumption . 17
7 Collection chambers on vacuum sewer systems . 18
7.1 General . 18
7.2 Collection chambers . 18
7.3 Interface valve units . 20
7.4 Explosion safety . 20
7.5 Life of membranes and seals . 21
8 Vacuum pipelines . 21
8.1 Vacuum drain connections . 21
8.2 Branch connections . 21
8.3 Means of isolation . 22
9 Detailed design of vacuum stations . 22
9.1 Selection of type of vacuum pumping station . 22
9.2 Vacuum vessel . 23
9.3 Forwarding equipment . 23
9.4 Non-return valves . 23
9.5 Vacuum pumps . 23
10 Controls, electrical equipment and instrumentation . 25
10.1 Collection chamber controls . 25
10.1.1 Level sensor . 25
10.1.2 Interface valve controller . 25
10.1.3 Monitoring of the interface valve . 26
10.2 Vacuum station control . 26
10.3 Explosion safety . 26
11 Installation . 27
12 Testing and verification . 27
12.1 Collection chambers . 27
12.2 Interface valve units . 27
2
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EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
12.3 Vacuum pipelines . 27
12.4 Commissioning tests . 27
13 Operation and maintenance . 28
13.1 General . 28
13.2 Maintenance . 28
13.3 Operation and maintenance manual . 28
13.4 Power consumption . 29
Annex A (informative) Example of a dimensioning model . 30
Annex B (normative) Testing of vacuum sewer system . 32
B.1 Testing of interface valve unit. 32
B.1.1 Testing requirements. 32
B.1.2 Preliminary checks . 32
B.1.3 Endurance test . 32
B.1.3.1 Test rig description . 32
B.1.3.2 Test procedure . 32
B.1.4 Resistance to blockage test . 33
B.1.5 Submergence test . 33
B.2 Testing of pipelines . 33
B.2.1 Calibrating test equipment . 33
B.2.2 General . 34
B.2.3 Interim testing . 34
B.2.4 Final testing . 34
B.3 Leak testing of collection chambers. 34
B.4 Commissioning tests . 34
B.4.1 General . 34
B.4.2 Noise . 34
B.4.3 Minimum vacuum and vacuum recovery time . 34
B.4.4 Air/water ratio . 35
B.4.5 Operation of vacuum station controls . 35
B.4.6 Replacement times . 35
Bibliography . 36
3
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16932-3:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165
“Waste water engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Together with EN 16932-1:2018 and EN 16932-2:2018, this document will supersede EN 1091:1996
and EN 1671:1997.
EN 16932:2018, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems, contains the following
parts:
— Part 1: General requirements;
— Part 2: Positive pressure systems;
— Part 3: Vacuum systems.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction and acceptance testing of
wastewater pumping systems in drain and sewer systems outside the buildings they are intended to
serve. It includes pumping systems in drain and sewer systems that operate essentially under gravity as
well as systems using either positive pressure or partial vacuum.
This document is applicable to vacuum drain and sewer systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 476, General requirements for components used in drains and sewers
EN 16323:2014, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms
EN 16932-1:2018, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 1: General
requirements
EN 16932-2:2018, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 2: Positive
pressure systems
EN 16933-2, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Design — Part 2: Hydraulic design
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323, in EN 16932-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
Note 1 to entry: Certain key definitions from EN 16323:2014 have been repeated below for clarity. The
following additional terms used in this document are defined in EN 16323:
collection tank; pumping station;
domestic wastewater; relevant authority;
extraneous flow; rising main;
gradient; runoff;
gravity system; self-cleansing;
infiltration; sewer;
maintenance; sewer system.
non-domestic wastewater;
Note 2 to entry: The following terms used in this standard are defined in EN 16932-1:
collection chamber; level sensor;
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EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
controller; lift section;
forwarding pump; profile;
interface valve; pump;
pump unit; vacuum drain;
slope section; vacuum sewer;
vacuum generator; vacuum station,
vacuum pipeline; vacuum vessel.
3.1
air/water ratio (AWR)
ratio of the air volume at standard temperature and pressure to the volume of wastewater
3.2
batch volume
wastewater volume in a collection tank that is removed during an evacuation cycle
3.3
foul wastewater
wastewater comprising domestic wastewater and/or industrial wastewater
[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.1.2.6]
3.4
interface valve unit
valve and controller in a collection chamber admitting wastewater and air into a vacuum sewer through
a vacuum drain
3.5
length specific population density
total population connected to a vacuum sewer, including its branches, divided by the length of the
vacuum sewer, not including side branches
3.6
surface water
water from precipitation, which has not seeped into the ground and is discharged to the drain or sewer
system directly from the ground or from exterior building surfaces
[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.1.1.3]
3.7
vacuum recovery time
time taken, after the operation of an interface valve, for the sub-atmospheric pressure at the valve to be
restored to a value sufficient to operate the valve again
3.8
wastewater
water composed of any combination of water discharged from domestic, industrial or commercial
premises, surface run-off and accidentally any sewer infiltration water
[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.3.10.65]
6
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
4 Symbols and units
AWR air/water ratio, dimensionless [-]
D internal diameter of the pipe (bore) in metres [m]
D internal diameter of the pipe (bore) in section i (each section extending from a high point
i
to the next downstream high point), in metres [m]
f maximum start frequency of the vacuum pump per hour [1/h]
A
f maximum start frequency of the forwarding pump per hour [1/h]
W
2
g
acceleration due to gravity, in metres per second squared [m/s ]
H total head at the pump unit, in metres [m]
p
h
maximum hydrostatic head difference at a lift section, in metres [m]
R
Σh maximum hydrostatic head difference along the connected vacuum pipelines, in metres
R
[m]
J gradient of the slope section in section I, dimensionless [-]
2,i
L length of the lift section, in metres [m]
1
L length of the slope section, in metres [m]
2
L length of the lift section at the end of section I, in metres [m]
1,i
L length of the vacuum sewer, in metres [m]
VS
N number of vacuum pumps
A
N number of forwarding pumps
WW
P power consumption of the vacuum pumps, in Watts [W]
A
P power consumption of the forwarding pumps, in Watts [W]
WW
p ambient air pressure, in kilopascals [kPa];
aa
p absolute pressure at the interface valve, in kilopascals [kPa] which is typically a value of
iv
75 kPa
p maximum absolute pressure in the vacuum vessel, in kilopascals [kPa]
max
p
minimum absolute pressure in the vacuum vessel, in kilopascals [kPa]
min
Q maximum air flow at standard temperature and pressure, in litres per second [l/s]
A
Q
capacity of each vacuum pump at standard temperature and pressure, in litres per second
A.p
[l/s]
Q suction capacity of the vacuum pump at the average working pressure of the system, in
A,p,s
litres per second [l/s]
Q design wastewater flow, in litres per second [l/s]
WW
Q
incoming wastewater flow rate, in litres per second [l/s]
WW,in
Q capacity of each forwarding pump, in litres per second [l/s].
WW,p
7
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EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
Q flow of the flushed wastewater, in litres per second [l/s]
WW,fl
R minimum bending radius of a vacuum pipeline, in metres [m]
SF safety factor between 1,2 and 1,5.
t flushing time, in seconds [s];
fl
V minimum volume in the vacuum vessel provided for air, in litres [l]
A
V allowance for the storage volume in the vacuum sewer, which is no more than half of the
AS
volume of those last slope sections of the vacuum sewers, along which the maximum
hydrostatic pressure difference is less than p – p .
max min
V
minimum volume of the vacuum vessel, in litres [l]
min
V internal volume of the vacuum sewer, in litres [l];
vs
V minimum volume provided for wastewater in the vacuum vessel, in litres [l]
W
WWR maximum wastewater ratio in the vacuum sewers, dimensionless [-]
max
z lift height of a lift section, in metres [m]
η efficiency of the vacuum pump units, dimensionless [-]
A
η efficiency of the wastewater forwarding pump units, dimensionless [-]
WW
κ adiabatic coefficient of air = 1,4, dimensionless [-]
A
3
ρ
density of wastewater, in kilogrammes per cubic metre [kg/m ]
5 General
This European Standard shall be read in conjunction with EN 16932-1. Vacuum systems shall comply
with the requirements of EN 16932-1 as well as the requirements of this European Standard.
6 Planning vacuum sewer systems
6.1 Basis of design
Foul wastewater flow rates into the vacuum system shall be established in accordance with
EN 16933-2. The design peak, the minimum and the 24 h average foul wastewater flow rates shall be
established. Infiltration and other extraneous water flows shall also be taken into account. The designer
shall state the average air and water flows for which the system is designed, the peak flow (litres per
second) used in the design and how the dynamic and static head losses have been calculated.
Where a vacuum system intercepts wastewater from a gravity or pressure system or accepts
wastewater from commercial or industrial sites, the design performance criteria shall be specified,
including the peak flow.
6.2 Location of collection chambers
The decision on whether each property has its own collection chamber or whether properties have
common collection chambers should take account of:
a) the costs;
b) the ease of identifying the-origin of any debris causing a blockage;
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
c) the levels of the incoming drains; and
d) the available space.
Collection chambers should be located close to the properties served in order to keep the lengths of
drain pipes to the chambers short. They can be located on private property (particularly where each
property is served by an individual collection chamber) or on public ground (e.g. in streets or
footways). However, they shall always be accessible for maintenance by the operator of the vacuum
system unless an isolation valve is provided on the vacuum drain in an accessible location.
The type and costs of chambers shall be considered, e.g. whether they need to have watertight frames
and covers, and whether they need to bear traffic load.
6.3 Route and profile of vacuum pipelines
The route and profile of vacuum drains and sewers should be planned taking account of the following:
a) the numbers and locations of the collection chambers (see 6.2);
b) avoiding up-hill movement of wastewater where possible;
c) minimizing the length of the vacuum pipelines;
d) avoiding obstacles (e.g. ditches, watercourses, major roads, railways) where possible;
e) maintaining a minimum 1:500 downslope gradient in the slope sections. However, this minimum
gradient should be increased where normal construction tolerances (see Clause 11) cannot be
achieved, for example when using trenchless construction methods;
f) short radius bends (R < 3 × DN) should be avoided;
g) limiting the height of each lift section to no more than 1,5 m - a series of smaller lifts is preferable to
a single high lift;
h) limiting the distance between lift sections to no less than 6 metres on vacuum sewers and 1,5 m on
vacuum drains;
i) maintaining self-cleansing conditions in the vacuum pipeline.
Where a wave profile is used the minimum length of a lift section should be (see Formula (1)):
L > 2⋅ z⋅ R (1)
1
where
L is the length of the lift vsection in metres [m];
1
R is the minimum bending radius of a vacuum pipeline in metres [m];
z is the height of the lift section in metres [m].
Self cleaning conditions can be maintained by limiting the distances between lift sections to ensure the
flow is deep enough to flush the solids through the slope sections. Where the distance between lift
sections is longer than 150 m the designer should demonstrate how self-cleansing conditions will be
maintained.
Where inspection pipes are provided (see 8.3 and Figure 3) the distance between them is typically not
more than 100 m.
9
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EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
Either a saw-tooth profile or a wave profile can be used. The saw-tooth profile (see Figure 1, upper
diagram) has straight downslope sections and steep lift sections and is typically formed using bend
fittings. The wave profile (see Figure 1, lower diagram) is typically formed by bending flexible pipes.
The saw-tooth profile is easier to install than the wave profile as in the wave profile the high and low
points need to be secured in place. However, the head losses in the wave profile are significantly less
than in the saw-tooth profile.
Examples of the profile of vacuum pipelines are shown in Figures 1 to 3.
Key
1 slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient L length of lift section
1
2 lift section L length of slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient
2
distance between low points (L = L + L )
3 inspection pipe (optional) L
1 2
Figure 1 — Examples of vacuum sewer profiles (not to scale) – the upper diagram shows a saw-
tooth profile and the lower diagram a wave profile
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
Key
1 lift section
2 slope section
Figure 2 —Examples of vacuum sewer profiles for uphill and downhill terrain (not to scale)
Key
1 slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient 3 inspection pipe (optional)
2 lift section L distance between inspection pipes
IP
Figure 3 — Example of a vacuum sewer with sewer inspection pipes (not to scale)
6.4 Hydro pneumatic design of the system
The system design shall achieve a specified minimum partial vacuum of at least 15 kPa at each interface
valve, under no flow as well as under peak flow conditions. Where the base of the collection tank is
more than 1,0 m below the centreline of the interface valve, an accordingly higher minimum partial
vacuum is needed to guarantee reliable evacuation. The head difference between the atmosphere and
the air at the connection of a vacuum drain to a vacuum sewer shall be equal or larger than the level
difference between this connection and the bottom of the connected collection tank plus 5 kPa.
The vacuum recovery time shall not exceed 30 min. The system shall be designed to achieve automatic
restart after mechanical or electrical breakdown.
11
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SIST EN 16932-3:2018
EN 16932-3:2018 (E)
Explicit hydrodynamic calculation of the flow in vacuum sewers is extremely difficult due to the
complexity of the unsteady multi-phase flow conditions (plug flow, slug flow, mixed air/water flow,
mist) and
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016
01-januar-2016
6LVWHPL]DRGYRGRGSDGQHYRGHLQNDQDOL]DFLMR]XQDMVWDYEýUSDOQLVLVWHPL
GHO 9DNXXPVNLVLVWHPL
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping systems - Part 3: Vacuum
systems
Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden - Pumpsysteme - Teil 3:
Unterdruckentwässerungssysteme
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur des bâtiments - Systèmes de
pompage - Partie 3 : Systèmes sous vide
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16932-3
ICS:
93.030 Zunanji sistemi za odpadno External sewage systems
vodo
oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016
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oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16932-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2015
ICS 93.030 Will supersede EN 1091:1996, EN 1671:1997
English Version
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping
systems - Part 3: Vacuum systems
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden -
des bâtiments - Systèmes de pompage - Partie 3 : Pumpsysteme - Teil 3:
Systèmes sous vide Unterdruckentwässerungssysteme
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 165.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16932-3:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016
prEN 16932-3:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Planning vacuum sewer systems . 7
4.1 Basis of design . 7
4.2 Location of collection chambers . 7
4.3 Route and profile of vacuum pipelines. 8
4.4 Hydro pneumatic design. 14
4.5 Vacuum station design . 16
4.6 Power consumption . 19
5 Collection chambers on vacuum sewer systems . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Collection chambers . 20
5.3 Interface valve units . 22
5.4 Explosion safety . 23
5.5 Life of membranes and seals . 23
6 Vacuum pipelines . 23
6.1 Vacuum drain connections . 23
6.2 Branch connections . 24
6.3 Means of isolation . 24
7 Detailed design of vacuum stations . 25
7.1 Selection of type of vacuum pumping station . 25
7.2 Vacuum vessel . 25
7.3 Forwarding equipment . 25
7.4 Non-return valves . 25
7.5 Vacuum pumps . 25
8 Controls, electrical equipment and instrumentation . 26
8.1 Collection chamber controls . 26
8.1.1 Level sensor . 26
8.1.2 Interface valve controller . 26
8.1.3 Monitoring of the interface valve . 26
8.2 Vacuum station control . 26
8.3 Explosion safety . 27
9 Installation . 27
10 Testing and verification . 27
10.1 Collection chambers . 27
10.2 Interface valve units . 27
10.3 Vacuum pipelines . 27
10.4 Commissioning tests . 28
11 Operation and maintenance . 28
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prEN 16932-3:2015 (E)
11.1 General . 28
11.2 Maintenance . 28
11.3 Operator's manual. 29
11.4 Power consumption . 29
Annex A (normative) Testing of vacuum sewer systems . 30
A.1 Testing of interface valve unit. 30
A.2 Testing of pipelines . 32
A.3 Leak testing of collection chambers. 32
A.4 Commissioning tests . 32
Bibliography . 34
3
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oSIST prEN 16932-3:2016
prEN 16932-3:2015 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 16932-3:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165
“Wastewater engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
Together with prEN 16932-1 and prEN 16932-2 this document will supersede EN 1091:1996 and
EN 1671:1997.
prEN 16932, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems, consists of the following
parts:
— Part 1: General requirements;
— Part 2: Positive pressure systems;
— Part 3: Vacuum systems.
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Introduction
Drain and sewer systems are part of the overall wastewater system that provides a service to the
community. This can be briefly described as:
— removal of wastewater from premises for public health and hygienic reasons;
— prevention of flooding in urbanised areas;
— protection of the environment.
The overall wastewater system has four successive functions; collection, transport, treatment,
discharge.
Drain and sewer systems provide for the collection and transport of wastewater.
PrEN 752:2015 provides a framework for the design, construction, rehabilitation, maintenance and
operation of drain and sewer systems outside buildings. This is illustrated in the upper part of Figure 1.
PrEN 752:2015 is supported by more detailed standards for the investigation, design, construction,
organization and control of drain and sewer systems.
This standard is one of a number of standards which support the general principles set out in
prEN 752:2015. The relationship between these standards is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Relationship to prEN 752:2015 and other drain and sewer standards
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction and acceptance testing of
wastewater pumping systems in drain and sewer systems outside the buildings they are intended to
serve. It includes pumping systems installations in drain and sewer systems that operate essentially
under gravity as well as systems using either positive pressure or partial vacuum.
This document is applicable to vacuum drain and sewer systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16323, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms
prEN 16932-1:2016, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 1: General
requirements
prEN 16932-2:2015, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 2: Positive
pressure systems
prEN 16933-2:2015, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Design — Part 2: Hydraulic design
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323, in prEN 16932-1:2015
and the following apply.
NOTE 1 The following terms used in this standard are defined in EN 16323:
collection tank;
domestic wastewater;
extraneous flow;
foul wastewater;
gradient;
gravity system;
infiltration;
maintenance;
non-domestic wastewater;
pumping station;
relevant authority;
rising main;
runoff;
self-cleansing;
sewer;
sewer system;
surface water;
wastewater.
NOTE 2 The following terms used in this standard are defined in prEN 16932-1:
collection chamber;
controller;
forwarding pump;
interface valve;
level sensor;
lift section;
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profile;
pump;
pump unit;
slope section;
submergible;
submersible pump;
vacuum generator;
vacuum pipeline;
vacuum drain;
vacuum sewer;
vacuum station,
vacuum vessel.
3.1
batch volume
wastewater volume in a collection tank that is removed during an evacuation cycle
3.2
interface valve unit
valve and controller in a collection chamber admitting wastewater and air into a vacuum sewer through
a service connection
3.3
length specific population density
total population connected to a sewer divided by its length, and not including side branches
3.4
vacuum recovery time
time taken, after the operation of an interface valve, for the sub-atmospheric pressure at the valve to be
restored to a value sufficient to operate the valve again
4 Planning vacuum sewer systems
4.1 Basis of design
Foul wastewater flow rates into the vacuum system shall be established in accordance with
prEN 16933-2:2015, Clause 7. The design peak, the minimum and the 24 h average foul wastewater
flow rates shall be established. Infiltration and other extraneous water flows shall also be taken into
account. A typical average design flow is 150 l per person and day and a typical peak flow is 0,005 l per
person and second. The designer shall state the average air and water flows for which the system is
designed, the peak flow (litres per second) used in the design and how the dynamic and static head
losses have been calculated.
Where a vacuum system intercepts wastewater from a gravity or pressure system or accepts
wastewater from commercial or industrial sites, the design performance criteria including the peak
flow shall be specified.
4.2 Location of collection chambers
The decision on whether each property has its own collection chamber or whether properties have
common collection chambers should take account of:
a) the costs;
b) the ease of identifying the-origin of any debris causing a blockage;
c) the levels of the incoming drains; and
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d) the available space.
Collection chambers should be located close to the properties served in order to keep the lengths of
drain pipes to the chambers short. They can be located on private property (particularly where each
property is served by an individual collection chamber) or on public ground (e.g. in streets or
footways). However, they shall always be accessible for maintenance by the operator of the vacuum
system unless an isolation valve is provided on the vacuum drain in an accessible location.
The type and costs of chambers shall be considered, e.g. whether they need to have watertight frames
and covers, and whether they need to bear traffic load.
4.3 Route and profile of vacuum pipelines
The route and profile of vacuum drains and sewers should be planned taking account of the following:
a) the numbers and locations of the collection chambers (see 4.2);
b) avoiding up-hill movement of wastewater where possible;
c) minimising the length of the vacuum pipelines;
d) avoiding obstacles (e.g. ditches, watercourses, major roads, railways) where possible;
e) maintaining a minimum 1:500 downslope gradient. However, this minimum gradient should be
increased where normal construction tolerances (see Clause 9) cannot be achieved, for example
when using trenchless construction methods;
f) short radius bends (R < 3 × DN) should be avoided;
g) limiting the height of each lift section to no more than 1,5 metres - a series of smaller lifts is
preferable to a single high lift;
h) limiting the distance between lift sections to no less than 6 metres on vacuum sewers and
1,5 metres on vacuum drains;
i) maintaining self-cleansing conditions in the vacuum pipeline by limiting the distances between lift
sections to no more than 100 metres (DN ≤ 150) or 150 metres (DN > 150), also in downsloping
terrain, to ensure surge flushing.
Examples of the profile of vacuum pipelines are shown in Figures 2 to 8.
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Key
1/2
1 slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient L1 length of lift section (for wave profile: L1 > 2 ∙ (R ∙ H)
with R = minimum bending radius)
2 lift section L2 length of slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient
3 inspection pipe L distance between low points (L = L1 + L2 ≤ 100 m
(where DN ≤ 150) or 150 m (where DN > 150 m))
H lift height (H ≥ d + 50 mm with d = d internal diameter of the pipeline
i
i i
internal pipe diameter)
h maximum hydrostatic head difference at the
lift section (h = H – d )
i
Figure 2 — Vacuum sewer profiles (not to scale)
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Key
1 lift section
2 slope section
Figure 3 — Examples of vacuum sewer profiles for uphill and downhill terrain (not to scale)
Key
1 slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient
2 lift section
3 inspection pipe
L distance between inspection pipes (L ≤ 100 m)
Figure 4 — Vacuum sewer with sewer inspection pipes (not to scale)
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Key
1 slope section with minimum 1:500 gradient
2 lift section
3 inspection pipe
4 slope section
H lift height
h maximum hydrostatic head of the lift section
Figure 5 — Lift section with inspection pipe
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Key
1 vacuum sewer
2 vacuum vessel
3 forwarding pumps
4 rising main
5 vacuum pumps
6 exhaust (directly to atmosphere or via bio-filter)
7 level sensor or level switches
Figure 6 — Example of a vacuum station with buried vessel(s) and submersible forwarding
pumps
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Key
1 vacuum sewer
2 vacuum vessel
3 forwarding pumps
4 rising main
5 vacuum pumps
6 exhaust (directly to atmosphere or via bio-filter)
7 level sensor or level switches
Figure 7 — Example of a vacuum station with buried vessel(s) and dry well pumps
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Key
1 vacuum sewer
2 vacuum vessel
3 vacuum pumps
4 air compressors
5 ejector tanks
6 rising main
Figure 8 — Example of a vacuum station employing ejector tanks in lieu of forwarding pumps
4.4 Hydro pneumatic design
The system design shall achieve a specified minimum partial vacuum at each interface valve, under no
flow as well as under peak flow conditions.
The minimum partial vacuum shall be 15 kPa at every interface valve. However, where the base of the
collection tank is more than 1,0 m below the centreline of the interface valve, an accordingly higher
minimum partial vacuum is needed to guarantee reliable evacuation. The head difference between the
atmosphere and the air at the connection of a vacuum drain to a vacuum sewer shall be equal or larger
than the level difference between this connection and the bottom of the connected collection tank plus
0,5 m.
The vacuum recovery time shall not exceed 30 min. The system shall be designed to achieve automatic
restart after mechanical or electrical breakdown.
The maximum hydrostatic head difference along a vacuum sewer at no or low flow conditions shall be
calculated under the conservative assumption that the lower ends of all lift sections are entirely filled
with wastewater. The maximum static head difference (h) of a lift section depends on the lift height (H)
and the internal pipe diameter (d), and is calculated as h = H - d (see Figure 4). The sum of the
i i
maximum static head differences (Σh) along a vacuum sewer should usually not exceed 5 m. Greater
static head differences require installation of automatic air admission valves that allow air to enter into
the vacuum pipeline when the vacuum pressure drops below an adjusted minimum, in order to prevent
all lift sections being simultaneously filled with wastewater.
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Exact hydrodynamic calculation of the transport procedure in vacuum sewers is not possible due to the
complexity of the unsteady multi-phase flow conditions. For this reason, the dimensions of vacuum
sewer networks are estimated with the help of general dimensioning tables, which are based on the
following assumptions:
a) a design peak flow of 0,005 l per person per second;
b) an even population density along the sewer network;
c) level terrain.
The mean air/water ratio of a vacuum sewer is estimated with the help of Table 1. The given air flow
refers to atmospheric pressure; the air flow in vacuum sewers at lower pressure is accordingly higher.
Table 1 — General estimation of the mean air/water ratio
Length of vacuum Length-specific population density
pipeline
0,05 P/m 0,1 P/m 0,2 P/m 0,5 P/m
Mean air/water ratio (AWR)
500 m 3,5 – 7 3 – 6 2,5 – 5 2 – 5
1 000 m 4 – 8 3,5 – 7 3 – 6 2,5 – 5
1 500 m 5 – 9 4 – 8 3,5 – 7 3 – 6
2 000 m 6 – 10 5 – 9 4 – 8 3,5 – 7
3 000 m 7 – 12 6 – 10 5 – 9 4 – 8
4 000 m 8 – 15 7 – 12 6 – 10 a
(5 – 9)
a
Only recommended in exceptional circumstances.
It should be noted that the mean upstream air/water ratio (AWR) at the end of a sewer furthest from
the vacuum station is normally greater than the mean AWR determined in accordance with Table 1
because the adjusted AWR at interface valves decreases from the upstream end of the vacuum sewers
towards the vacuum station.
The nominal diameter of vacuum sewers depends on the total equivalent population (the sum of the
population for domestic wastewater and the equivalent population for non-domestic wastewater)
connected upstream and the mean upstream air/water ratio.
The minimum nominal internal diameter of vacuum drains shall be DN 50 and the minimum nominal
internal diameter of vacuum sewers shall be DN 65.
NOTE National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the
minimum diameter of vacuum drains or sewers.
Where the design peak flow is 0,005 litres per person per second, where the population density along
the sewers is even and where there is a level terrain, the nominal diameters may be estimated from
Table 2.
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Table 2 — General estimation of nominal pipe diameters
Mean Nominal pipe diameter
upstream
DN 65 DN 80 DN 100 DN 125 DN 150 DN 200 a
DN 250
AWR
Total equivalent population connected upstream
2 0 – 110 0 – 350 250 – 600 350 – 900 500 – 1400 750 – 2100 (1100 – 3000)
4 0 – 65 0 – 200 135 – 340 200 – 500 300 – 800 400 – 1200 (600 – 1650)
6 0 – 45 0 – 140 95 – 240 140 – 350 200 – 500 300 – 800 (400 – 1150)
8 0 – 35 0 – 105 75 – 185 105 – 270 150 – 425 220 – 625 (300 – 850)
10 0 – 30 0 – 85 6 – 150 85 – 220 120 – 340 175 – 500 (250 – 700)
12 0 – 25 0 – 75 50 – 125 75 – 180 100 – 290 150 – 425 (200 – 600)
a
Only recommended in exceptional cases.
Systems with exceptional features, e.g. where the vacuum sewer needs to pass under a trench,
watercourse, highway or railway cutting, where there is a rising terrain, where trenchless installation
methods are being used, where there is an uneven population density, or where the design peak flow is
significantly greater or less than 0,005 litres per person per second, the system cannot be designed
using the general dimensioning tables. In such cases, the system should be designed by an experienced
system designer, who should provide and document technical reasons for deviations from the general
dimensioning tables. Reasons can include, for example provision of automatic air admission valves or
interface valve units with air/water ratios that are controlled by the vacuum strength. The designer
shall provide pressure profiles for the system at rest and at peak flow, depending on the air/water ratio.
4.5 Vacuum station design
The number and capacity of the duty and duty assist vacuum generators and forwarding pumps shall be
selected for the peak flows of air and wastewater respectively. The minimum volume of the vacuum
vessel shall be calculated taking account of the maximum start frequency of the vacuum generators and
forwarding pumps and the range of operational pressure. The vacuum reservoir capacity shall be
provided by the vacuum vessels and some additional volume available in the connected vacuum sewers.
The maximum air flow Q (at standard pressure and temperature) is calculated from:
A
Q= Q × AWR× SF (1)
A WW
where:
Q is the maximum air flow in litres per second [l/s];
A
Q is the design wastewater flow in litres per second [l/s];
WW
AWR is the air/water ratio;
SF is a safety factor between 1,2 and 1,5.
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The capacity and number of the forwarding pumps and of the vacuum pumps are selected under
consideration of redundancy as follows:
Q ≥−Q n 1 (2)
( )
WW,p WW WW
and
Q ≥ Q × SF n −1 (3)
( )
A,p A A
where:
Q is the capacity of each forwarding pump in litres per second [l/s];
WW.p
N is the number of forwarding pumps;
ww
Q is the capacity of each vacuum pump in litres per second [l/s];
A.p
n is the number of vacuum pumps.
A
The suction capacity per vacuum pump in litres per second [l/s] is:
Q ≥ Qp××2 p + p (4)
( )
A,p,s A.p aa max min
where:
p is the ambient air pressure in kilopascals [kPa]; and
aa
p is the maximum absolute pressure in the vacuum vessel in kilopascals [kPa], where:
max
−3
p ≤ 75− 0,6×ρ××gh×10 (5)
( )
max ∑
pmin is the minimum absolute pressure in the vacuum vessel in kilopascals [kPa];
Σh is the maximum hydrostatic head difference in metres [m] along the connected vacuum
pipelines;
3
ρ is the density of water [kg/m ]; and
2
g is the gravity acceleration [m/s ].
The minimum wastewater volume to be provided in the vacuum vessel in litres [l] is calculated from:
(6)
V=Q×−QQQ × f
( ) ( )
W WW WW,p WW WW,p
where:
f is the maximum start frequency of the forwarding
...
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