SIST EN 1344:2013

Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods

This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (see 3.10) and in the rigid form of construction (see 3.11).
This European Standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products in pavements mainly for exterior use, including roofs as roof paving units, but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction is subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance and corresponding test methods. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
This European Standard covers only clay pavers and accessories with or without coatings and with or without post firing chemical treatment which do not contain any material with asbestos fibres nor contain formaldehyde.
It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units.
This European standard does not cover clay pavers having tactile surfaces.

Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an aus Ton hergestellte Pflaster- und Ergänzungsziegel fest, die in ungebundener Verlegungsform verwendet werden (siehe 3.10), und für solche, die in gebundener Ver-legungsform verwendet werden (siehe 3.11).
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für rechtwinklige und nicht rechtwinklig geformte Pflasterziegel, die als Bauprodukte vorwie¬gend in Außenbereichen Anwendung finden — wozu im Falle von Dachpflastersteinen auch Dächer gehören —, aber auch in Innenbereichen verwendet werden können. Die ungebundene Verlegungsform gilt für den Fu߬gänger- und Fahrzeugverkehr, während sich die gebundene Verlegungsform üblicherweise auf den Fußgän¬gerverkehr beschränkt.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Eigenschaften und Leistungsklassen sowie entsprechende Prüfverfahren fest. Sie enthält Angaben zur Produktkennzeichnung und zur Konformitätsbewertung des Produktes nach der vorliegenden Europäischen Norm.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nur für Pflasterziegel und  zubehörteile aus Ton mit oder ohne Beschichtung und mit oder ohne nach dem Brennen aufgetragene chemische Oberflächenbehandlungen, die keine anderen Materialien, wie z. B. Asbestfasern, und auch kein Formaldehyd enthalten.
Sie gilt nicht für Produkte für Anwendungen als feuerfester Werkstoff und in der chemischen Verfahrenstech-nik und als keramische Bodenfliesen. Sie gilt ebenfalls nicht für Tonziegel, die für den Mauerwerksbau ver-wendet werden.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Pflasterziegel mit taktilen Oberflächen.

Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essais

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux pavés et accessoires fabriqués à partir
d'argile, destinés à être utilisés dans une forme souple de construction (voir 3.10) et dans une forme rigide de
construction (voir 3.11).
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux éléments de forme rectangulaire et autres, utilisés comme
produits de construction pour les revêtements de chaussée principalement destinés à un usage extérieur, y
compris les toitures-terrasses et éléments de pavage de toiture-terrasse, mais qui peuvent aussi être utilisés
pour un usage intérieur. La forme souple de construction est soumise à un trafic piétonnier et à la circulation
de véhicules, alors que la forme rigide de construction est habituellement soumise à un trafic piétonnier.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques et les classes de performance et les méthodes
d'essai correspondantes. Elle indique les dispositions concernant le marquage et l'évaluation de la conformité
des produits à la présente Norme européenne.
La présente Norme européenne couvre uniquement les pavés en terre cuite et accessoires avec ou sans
revêtements et avec ou sans traitement chimique après cuisson, qui ne contiennent aucun matériau en
amiante amphibole ni du formaldéhyde.
Elle exclut les produits destinés à des applications dans les domaines des réfractaires et du génie chimique
ainsi que les carreaux de revêtement de sol en terre cuite. Elle exclut également les éléments de maçonnerie
en argile.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas les pavés en terre cuite ayant des surfaces tactiles.

Opečni tlakovci - Zahteve in preskusne metode

Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za tlakovce in dodatke, ki so izdelani iz gline, za uporabo v prilagodljivih in togih oblikah gradnje. Ta evropski standard se uporablja za pravokotne enote in enote drugih oblik, ki se uporabljajo kot gradbeni proizvodi v tlakih, predvsem za zunanjo uporabo, vključno s strehami kot enote za prekrivanje streh, lahko pa se uporabljajo tudi kot notranje enote. Prilagodljiva oblika gradnje je namenjena območjem za pešce in vozila, toga oblika gradnje pa je običajno namenjena območjem za pešce. Ta evropski standard določa lastnosti in kakovostne razrede ter ustrezne preskusne metode. Omogoča označevanje izdelkov in vrednotenje skladnosti s tem evropskim standardom. Ta evropski standard zajema samo opečne tlakovce in dodatke s premazi ali brez njih ter s kemično obdelavo po žganju ali brez nje, ki ne vsebujejo materialov z azbestnimi vlakni ali formaldehidom. Ne zajema izdelkov, ki so namenjeni uporabi v ognjevzdržni in kemijski tehnologiji ter za opečne talne plošče. Ne zajema tudi opečnih zidakov. Ta evropski standard ne zajema opečnih tlakovcev z otipnimi površinami.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Apr-2013
• Publication Date: 27-Oct-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 16-Oct-2013
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: BBB - Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 14-Oct-2013
• Due Date: 19-Dec-2013
• Completion Date: 28-Oct-2013
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Mandate: M/119 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on floorings
• Mandate: M/122 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on roof coverings, rooflights, roof windows and ancillary products
• Ref Project: EN 1344:2013 - Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 1344:2002 - Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2013
• Corrected By: SIST EN 1344:2013/AC:2015 - Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015

Overview - EN 1344:2013 (Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods)

EN 1344:2013 is the European standard that defines requirements, performance classes and test methods for clay pavers and accessories used in pavements. It covers units manufactured predominantly from clay for both the flexible form of construction (pedestrian and vehicular traffic) and the rigid form of construction (typically pedestrian traffic). The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped paving units for mainly exterior use (including roof paving units) and may also be used for internal applications. It excludes clay floor tiles, clay masonry units, refractory/chemical engineering products and clay pavers with tactile surfaces. It also prohibits materials containing asbestos fibres or formaldehyde.

Key topics and technical requirements

EN 1344:2013 specifies characteristics, performance classes and corresponding test methods. Major technical topics include:

• Dimensional characteristics - shape, sizes and tolerances for paving units.
• Physical properties and durability:
  • Freeze/thaw resistance (performance under cyclic freezing and thawing).
  • Transverse breaking load (strength under bending loads).
  • Abrasion resistance (surface wear characteristics).
  • Slip and skid resistance (references CEN/TS 16165 for pedestrian surfaces).
• Other properties:
  • Fire performance and external roof fire exposure (references EN 13501 series).
  • Thermal conductivity (see EN 1745).
  • Acid resistance and resistance to dangerous substances.
• Conformity and marking:
  • Initial type testing, factory production control (FPC), sampling procedures and routine testing.
  • Product marking and CE declaration requirements (Annex ZA addresses Construction Products Regulation relationships).
• Normative and informative annexes: include sampling methods, dimensional measurement, test procedures for freeze/thaw, transverse breaking load, abrasion, acid resistance, and guidance on tactility.

Applications

EN 1344:2013 is directly applicable to the specification, testing and acceptance of clay paving units used in:

• Public and private pavements, plazas and pedestrian zones
• Vehicular surfaces (where flexible construction is specified)
• Roof paving units and selected internal flooring applications
• Urban landscaping, streetscapes and hardscape projects requiring durable clay pavers

Who should use this standard

• Manufacturers of clay pavers and accessories (product design, production control, CE marking)
• Specifiers and architects writing performance-based paving requirements
• Contractors and installers verifying materials on site
• Testing laboratories and conformity assessment bodies performing type and routine testing
• Product certifiers and regulators ensuring compliance with EU construction product rules

Related standards

Relevant referenced documents include EN 1745, EN 13501-1 / EN 13501-5, CEN/TS 16165:2012 and several ISO standards for test apparatus and sampling. These support specific test methods and classification requirements cited in EN 1344:2013.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenPavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essaisClay pavers - Requirements and test methods93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1344:2013SIST EN 1344:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 1344:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1344:20021DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1344
October 2013 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 1344:2002English Version
Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essai
Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 July 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1344:2013: ESIST EN 1344:2013

Sampling . 21 A.1 Sampling for initial type testing . 21 A.2 Sampling for routine testing . 21 A.3 Sampling for independent testing (optional) . 21 A.3.1 General . 21 A.3.2 Sampling procedure . 21 Annex B (normative)
Method for determination of dimensions . 23 B.1 Apparatus . 23 B.2 Procedure . 23 B.3 Test report . 25 Annex C (normative)
Method for the determination of freeze/thaw resistance . 26 C.1 Principle . 26 C.2 Apparatus . 26 C.3 Preparation of specimens . 26 C.3.1 Sampling . 26 C.3.2 Conditioning of specimens . 26 C.4 Construction of test panel . 27 C.5 Procedure . 27 SIST EN 1344:2013

Method for the determination of transverse breaking load . 32 D.1 Principle . 32 D.2 Apparatus . 32 D.3 Procedure . 32 D.4 Calculation . 32 D.4.1 Calculation of transverse breaking load . 32 D.4.2 Optional calculation of bending tensile strength . 33 D.5 Test report . 33 Annex E (normative)
Method for the determination of abrasion resistance . 34 E.1 Principle . 34 E.2 Sampling . 34 E.3 Material . 34 E.4 Apparatus . 34 E.5 Test specimens . 34 E.6 Procedure . 34 E.7 Expression of results . 35 E.8 Test report . 35 Annex F (normative)
Method for the determination of acid resistance . 39 F.1 Principle . 39 F.2 Reagents . 39 F.3 Apparatus . 39 F.4 Procedure . 39 F.5 Expression of results . 40 F.6 Test report . 40 Annex G (informative)
Tactility . 41 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 43 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 43 ZA.2 Procedure for the attestation of conformity of clay pavers and accessories . 45 ZA.2.1 Systems of attestation of conformity . 45 ZA.2.2 EC declaration of conformity . 46 ZA.3 CE marking . 46 Bibliography . 51
It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units. This European standard does not cover clay pavers having tactile surfaces. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1745, Masonry and masonry products — Methods for determining thermal properties EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests
EN 13501-5, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 5: Classification using data from external fire exposure to roofs tests CEN/TS 16165:2012, Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces — Methods of evaluation ISO 630 (all parts), Structural steels ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 8486-1, Bonded abrasives — Determination and designation of grain size distribution — Part 1: Macrogrits F4 to F220 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 clay paver unit satisfying certain shape and dimensional requirements (see 4.1) used for the surface course of pavements and manufactured predominantly from clay or other argillaceous material, with or without any additions, by shaping, drying and firing at a sufficiently high temperature to form a durable ceramic product SIST EN 1344:2013

Key l
length w
width t
thickness Figure 1 — Paver dimensions for pavers intended for flexible laying Note 2 to entry: Position of spacer nibs and chamfers can vary with different pavers. Note 3 to entry: Nibs in drawing rounded. SIST EN 1344:2013

Key l
length w
width t
thickness Figure 2 — Paver dimensions for pavers intended for rigid and for flexible paving 3.4 spacer nib small protruding profile on side face of paver (see Figure 1) Note 1 to entry: As the spacer nib is intended to project into the joint, its presence is ignored when stating plan work dimensions e.g. for the length and width of rectangular pavers. SIST EN 1344:2013

Key 1 chamfer width 2 chamfer depth Figure 3 — Chamfer width and depth
3.5 chamfer bevelled or rounded arris on paver (see Figure 3) 3.6 wearing face surface intended to be seen when in use 3.7 overall length longer side of the rectangle to enclose the wearing face of the paver excluding any spacer nibs
3.8 overall width shorter side of the rectangle to enclose the wearing face of the paver excluding any spacer nibs 3.9 overall thickness distance between the upper wearing face of the paver and the opposite face of the paver 3.10 flexible form of construction pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand bed SIST EN 1344:2013

4 Requirements 4.1 Dimensional characteristics 4.1.1 Shape and dimensions 4.1.1.1 Shape Clay pavers shall be rectangular or any other shape that allows them to be laid in a repeating pattern. They may be provided with a chamfer on the arrises around one or more of the paver surfaces that are intended to form the wearing face. If a chamfer has a work dimension greater than 7 mm in width or depth (see Figure 3), this shall be stated by the manufacturer. NOTE The restriction on the size of the chamfer prevents the formation of an excessively wide recessed joint. Clay pavers for flexible paving may also be provided with spacer nibs on two or more of the paver surfaces. Clay pavers for rigid paving shall either be rectangular or shaped so that they may be laid in a combination with each other separated only by a nominal 10 mm mortar joint. Pavers for rigid paving should not incorporate spacer nibs. 4.1.1.2 Work dimensions The work dimensions of length, width and thickness of rectangular pavers shall be stated in millimetres in that order. It shall also be declared in which orientation(s) the pavers may be used (i.e. which is/are the wearing face(s)). The geometry of non-rectangular pavers shall be given if necessary by reference to a scale drawing or sketch upon which the work size dimensions are marked. The work thickness of pavers for flexible paving shall be not less than 40 mm and the work dimensions shall be such that the ratio of overall length to thickness is not greater than 6. The work thickness for pavers for rigid paving shall be not less than 30 mm. 4.1.1.3 Dimensional tolerances 4.1.1.3.1 General The subsequent parameters on dimensional tolerances are relevant for clay pavers but not for accessories. 4.1.1.3.2 Mean value When sampled in accordance with Annex A and measured in accordance with Annex B, the mean value for a given dimension of a sample of 10 pavers shall not differ from the declared work dimension by more than d4,0 rounded to the nearest mm, where d is the work dimension (in mm). Manufacturers able to supply pavers having a smaller deviation of the mean value from the declared work dimension than is given by the above expression may declare a smaller deviation in mm for each dimension.
4.1.1.3.3 Range The difference between the largest and the smallest measurement of any given measured dimension to be found within a sample of 10 pavers, taken from a consignment in accordance with Annex A and measured in accordance with Annex B, shall be stated by reference to one of the two classes given in Table 1. SIST EN 1344:2013

mm R0 No requirement R1 ≤ 0,6d Manufacturers able to supply pavers having a smaller range than indicated by class R1 may declare a smaller range in mm for each dimension in class Rm.
4.2 Physical characteristics 4.2.1 General Clay pavers and/or accessories may or may not be chemically treated after their firing. Such post-firing treatment may have an impact on their non-treated performances of the freeze/ thaw resistance (see 4.2.2), of the transverse breaking load (see 4.2.3), of the abrasion resistance (see 4.2.4), the unpolished slip and skid resistance (see 4.2.5) and of acid resistance (see 4.3.3). If a manufacturer wishes to apply a post firing chemical treatment, the clay pavers and accessories shall be tested both with and without the post firing chemical treatment. The testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant clause of this European Standard and the characteristics shall be declared in accordance with the requirements of the relevant clause. 4.2.2 Freeze/thaw resistance
It shall be stated whether the pavers and accessories are intended to meet the criteria for freeze/thaw resistance included in the method given in Annex C. When sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested by the chosen method the pavers shall meet the relevant criteria given in the test method. Classification of the pavers shall be indicated by the appropriate declaration shown in Table 2. Table 2 — Freeze/thaw resistance Class Performance FP0 No requirement FP100 Freeze/thaw resistant
The freeze/thaw characteristics of FP100 clay pavers are not affected by commonly used de-icing salts. 4.2.3 Transverse breaking load
The transverse breaking load of the pavers for each of the orientations in which the pavers may be used shall be stated by reference to Table 3. When sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested in accordance with Annex D, with their wearing faces uppermost, the mean value and the minimum individual value of the transverse breaking load of a sample of ten pavers shall be not less than the appropriate value given in Table 3 and be classified accordingly. Some pavers have more than one orientation. Manufacturers who are able to supply pavers with more than one orientation should state the orientation upon which the test was performed. Accessories cannot be tested in accordance with Annex D because of different shape and dimensions and it may be assumed they have at least the same performance as the accompanying pavers. SIST EN 1344:2013

Table 3 — Transverse breaking loada d Class Transverse breaking load
N/mm
Mean value Minimum individual value T0b No requirement No requirement T1 ≥ 30 ≥ 15 T2 ≥ 30 ≥ 24 T3 ≥ 80 ≥ 50 T4 ≥ 80c ≥ 64c a This requirement for transverse breaking load does not apply to accessories or to pavers whose overall length is less than 80 mm. b Class T0 is only suitable for pavers intended for use for rigid laying where the pavers are laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed itself placed on a rigid base. c Mean value and minimum individual value higher than those corresponding to class T4 may be declared. d Mean and minimum bending tensile strength value calculated from the formula given in D.4.2. may be declared in addition to the class declared.
4.2.4 Abrasion resistance
The abrasion resistance value of the pavers and accessories shall be declared by reference to one of the classes given in Table 4. When sampled in accordance with Annex A, and tested in accordance with Annex E, the mean abraded volume for a sample of five pavers obtained from two measurements on each paver shall be not greater than the appropriate value given in Table 4. Table 4 — Abrasion resistance Class Mean abraded volume
mm3 A1 ≤ 2 100 A2 ≤ 1 100 A3 ≤ 450
4.2.5 Slip and skid resistance
4.2.5.1 Conditions Clay pavers and accessories have satisfactory slip and skid resistance provided that their whole upper surface has not been ground and/or polished, or manufactured, such that a very smooth surface is produced. 4.2.5.2 Test method If in an exceptional case the unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV) is required, the USRV of the pavers and accessories shall be stated by reference to one of the classes given in Table 5. If the pavers may be used in more than one orientation, the values for the intended wearing faces shall be declared. NOTE The unpolished slip and skid resistance value relates to pavers as manufactured and helps to ensure adequate slip and skid on installation. When sampled in accordance with Annex A, and tested in accordance with CEN/TS 16165:2012, Annex C, using slider 57 and a test surface contaminated with water under laboratory circumstances the mean USRV of SIST EN 1344:2013

Table 5 — Unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV) Class Mean USRV (PTV units) U0 No requirement U1 ≥ 35 U2 ≥ 45 U3 ≥ 55 Manufacturers may declare higher values.
4.2.5.3 Durability of slip and skid resistance Clay pavers and accessories have satisfactory slip and skid resistance during the working life of the product provided they are subject to normal maintenance and have not been subject to grinding and/or polishing to produce a very smooth surface. In the absence of a European test method, the durability of slip and skid resistance shall be determined and declared as described in National provisions valid in the place of use of the product. 4.3 Other characteristics 4.3.1 Fire performance 4.3.1.1 Reaction to fire The class of reaction to fire performance of clay pavers and their accessories is regarded as the class for the constituent material (i.e. clay). When subject to regulatory requirement, Class A1FL1) shall be declared according to EN 13501-1 without the need for testing (CWT), providing that clay pavers and their accessories do not contain more than 1 % in mass or volume (whichever is the lowest) of homogeneously distributed organic material. NOTE Clay, as a homogeneously distributed material for these pavers, is considered as material of known and stable performance with respect to the reaction to fire performance as it does not consist of any organic material. As such, it does not contribute to the fire and it can be considered as the Class A1FL material. 4.3.1.2 External fire performance Where subject to regulatory requirements, the external fire performance of clay pavers and their accessories shall be declared as Class BROOF2), according to EN 13501-5, without the need for testing3) for the following reasons:
1) See Decision of the Commission 96/603/EC of 1996-10-04 (see OJEU L267 of 1996-10-19), as amended twice by 2000/605/EC of 2000-09-26 (see OJEU L258 of 2000-10-12) and by 2003/424/EC of 2003-06-06 (see OJEU L144 of 2003-06-12). 2) See Decision of the Commission 2001/671/EC of 2001-08-21 (see OJEU L235 of 2001-09-04) as amended by 2005/823/EC of 2005-11-22 (see OJEU L307 of 2005-11-25). 3) See Decision of the Commission 2000/553/EC of 2000-09-06 (see OJEU L235 of 2000-09-19). SIST EN 1344:2013

If a manufacturer wishes to apply a post firing chemical treatment, the clay pavers and accessories shall be tested both with and without the post firing chemical treatment. Where subject to requirements to acid attack as the result of accidental spillage of acid in trafficked areas, and when sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested in accordance with Annex F the chemical resistance shall be stated by reference to the class of Table 6. Table 6 — Chemical resistance Class Mass loss
% C ≤ 7
Manufacturers may be able to supply pavers having a smaller mass loss in which case an appropriate declaration in % in class Cm may be made. NOTE 1 The acid resistance test in this standard is not applicable to the testing of pavers for use in chemical engineering applications (see Clause 1), such as construction of floors, container vessels and reaction vessels which are continually subjected to chemically aggressive conditions. Typical examples of applications where requirements for acid resistance may be specified are:  in roadways and open air factory yard areas, of industrial premises such as chemical works and the food industry where aggressive substances are sometimes in contact with the paving;  in farm yards where silage and aggressive liquors could be present. NOTE 2 In the majority of applications, the inherent acid resistance is satisfactory and therefore does not need to be specified. 4.3.4 Dangerous substances National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonised test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA accessed through: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/. SIST EN 1344:2013

5.1 General The conformity of clay pavers and accessories with the requirements of this European Standard and with the declared performances (i.e. classes, values) of the characteristics of these products according to their intended use shall be demonstrated by:
 initial type testing (ITT) and type testing (TT), if any (see 5.2);  factory production control by the manufacturer, including the product´s assessment (see 5.3). The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the clay pavers and accessories. 5.2 Initial type testing – Type testing 5.2.1 General Initial type testing (ITT) and type testing (TT) shall be performed to demonstrate compliance of the clay pavers and accessories with this European Standard. All essential characteristics, given in 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.5, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.4 for which the performances are to be declared for the relevant intended use of the clay pavers and accessories, shall be subject to ITT using the test methods according to the standards referred also therein.
Tests previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into account provided that they were made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same system of attestation of conformity on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such that the results are applicable to the product in question. NOTE Same system of attestation of conformity means testing by an independent third party [only for products covered by attestation of conformity system 1+, 1 and 3], under the responsibility of a product certification body [only for products covered by attestation of conformity system 1+ and 1].  For the purposes of testing, the manufacturer's products may be grouped into families, where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family (a product may be in different families for different characteristics). Products may be in different families for different characteristics. Reference to the test method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample. In addition to ITT, type tests (TT) of the clay pavers and accessories shall be performed to all other characteristics included in this standard (i.e. see 4.1, 4.2.4 and 4.3.3), when compliance with this standard is claimed using the test methods according to the standards referred also therein. SIST EN 1344:2013

For the purposes of testing clay pavers and accessories may be grouped into product families, where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one paver/accessory within the product family are representative for that same characteristics for all the clay pavers and accessories within that same family. A clay paver or accessory may be in different product families for its different characteristics. Reference to the test method standards is to be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample. Initial type testing and type tests, if any, shall be performed for all characteristics included in this standard for which the performances are to be declared:  at the beginning of the production of a new or modified testing clay pavers and accessories (unless those of the same product family), or  at the beginning of a new or modified method of production (where this may affect the declared performances). Initial type testing and type tests shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s), whenever a change of clay pavers and accessories occurs in its design, raw material(s), supplier of the components used, or in the production process (subject to the definition of a product family), which would affect significantly the performance of one or more of the characteristics. Where materials or components are used for clay pavers and accessories, whose characteristics have already been determined, by the material or component supplier, on the basis of compliance with other product standards, these characteristics need not be re-assessed. The specifications of these materials or components shall be documented and included in the inspection scheme for ensuring their compliance. Components or materials (i.e. products) marked in accordance with appropriate harmonised European specifications may be presumed to have the performances declared with that marking, although this does not replace the responsibility on manufacturer of the clay pavers and accessories to ensure that such pavers/ accessories are correctly designed and their materials or components have the necessary performance values to meet the design. 5.2.2 Sampling, testing and compliance criteria Sampling, number of specimens, test/assessment methods and compliance criteria for clay pavers and accessories tested under ITT and TT shall be in accordance with the relevant test method, as specified together with corresponding requirements. 5.2.3 Test reports All ITT and TT together with their results shall be documented in test reports. All test reports shall be retained for at least 5 years after the last date of production of the clay pavers and accessories to which they relate to. 5.3 Factory production control (FPC) 5.3.1 General The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the clay pavers and accessories placed on the market comply with the declared performances of the stated characteristics for the declared intended use. SIST EN 1344:2013

a) the preparation of documented procedures and instructions relating to factory production control operations, in accordance with the requirements of the technical specification to which reference is made; b) the effective implementation of these procedures and instructions; c) the recording of these operations and their results; d) the use of these results to correct any deviations, repair the effects of such deviations, treat any resulting instances of non-conformity and, if necessary, revise the FPC to rectify the cause of non-conformity. Where subcontracting takes place, the manufacturer shall retain the overall control of the clay pavers and accessories and ensure that he receives all the information that is necessary to fulfil his responsibilities according to this European Standard. If the manufacturer has part of the clay pavers and accessories designed, manuf
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