SIST EN 15316-3-2:2007
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution
This standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for the calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of heat losses from the domestic hot water distribution system and it defines the:
- inputs;
- outputs;
- calculation methods.
This standard covers the domestic hot water requirements in all buildings.
The general approach to calculate energy consumptions and losses of domestic hot water systems is as follows:
- calculation of domestic hot water requirements of a dwelling, a zone or a building ( );
- calculation of heat losses due to the distribution or circulation of domestic hot water supplied ( );
- calculation of heat losses in hot water storage units ( ) and heat losses due to the production or generation ( ).
In order to be coherent with calculation methods for space heating systems, emission losses representing taps and control should be taken into account.
Heizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3-2: Trinkwassererwärmung, Verteilung
Diese Norm ist Teil einer Reihe von Normen zu Verfahren für die Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade von Heizanlagen in Gebäuden. Speziell stellt diese Norm einen Teil einer Reihe von Normen zu Trinkwarmwasseranlagen dar.
Der Anwendungsbereich dieses speziellen Teils umfasst die Normung der Verfahren zur Berechnung der Wärmeverluste der Trinkwarmwasser Verteilungsanlage und definiert Folgendes:
- Inputgrößen;
- Outputgrößen;
- Berechnungsverfahren.
Diese Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Trinkwassererwärmung in allen Gebäuden fest.
Der allgemeine Ansatz bei der Berechnung des Energieverbrauchs und der Verluste von Trinkwarmwasseranlagen ist wie folgt:
- Berechnung des Warmwasserbedarfs für ein Wohnhaus, eine Zone oder ein Gebäude (QW);
- Berechnung der Wärmeverluste durch die Verteilung oder Zirkulation des bereitgestellten Trinkwarmwassers (QW, d);
- Berechnung der Wärmeverluste in Warmwasser Speichereinheiten (QW, s) und der Wärmeverluste aufgrund von Erzeugung (QW, g).
Um eine Übereinstimmung mit den Berechnungsverfahren für die Heizungsanlagen zu erreichen, sollten auch Abgabeverluste durch Wasserhähne und Regelvorrichtungen berücksichtigt werden.
Systemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des exigences énergétiques et des rendements du systeme - Partie 3.2 : Systemes d'eau chaude domestique, distribution
La présente Norme européenne fait partie d’une série de normes traitant des méthodes de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments. Elle traite, en particulier, des systèmes de production d’eau chaude sanitaire.
L’objet de cette partie spécifique est de normaliser les méthodes de calcul :
des pertes thermiques du système de distribution d’eau chaude sanitaire ;
des pertes thermiques du système de distribution d’eau chaude sanitaire récupérables pour le chauffage des locaux ;
de l’énergie électrique des auxiliaires du système de distribution d’eau chaude sanitaire.
Ces valeurs sont les données d’entrée pour le calcul de l’utilisation totale d’énergie conformément au prEN 15603 et à l’EN 15316-1.
Cette Norme européenne spécifie :
les données d’entrée ;
les méthodes de calcul ;
les données de sortie.
Grelni sistemi v stavbah - Metoda izračuna energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 3-2. del: Hišni razvod tople vode
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distributionXþLQNRYLWRVWLSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des exigences énergétiques et des rendements du systeme - Partie 3.2 : Systemes d'eau chaude domestique, distributionHeizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3-2: Trinkwassererwärmung, VerteilungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-3-2:2007SIST EN 15316-3-2:2007en,de91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-3-2:200701-december-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15316-3-2October 2007ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-2:Domestic hot water systems, distributionSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements dessystèmes - Partie 3-2 : Systèmes de production d'eauchaude sanitaire, distributionHeizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnungder Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen- Teil 3-2: Trinkwassererwärmung, VerteilungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-3-2:2007: E
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Symbols, units and indices.10 5 Domestic hot water system characteristics.11 5.1 General.11 5.2 Single zone and single system.12 5.3 Single zone and multiple systems.12 5.4 Multiple zones with single system.13 6 Distribution thermal losses.13 6.1 Total distribution thermal losses.13 6.2 Thermal losses from individual distribution pipe section.14 6.2.1 General.14 6.2.2 Thermal losses from pipes based on dwelling area.14 6.2.3 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and number of tappings per day.15 6.2.4 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and distribution efficiencies.15 6.2.5 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and tapping profiles.16 6.2.6 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and average temperature.16 6.2.7 Heat energy lost due to wasted hot water.16 6.2.8 Time periods.16 6.3 Thermal losses from circulation loop.16 6.3.1 General.16 6.3.2 Thermal losses from circulation loop based on pipe length and a fixed value of heat loss.16 6.3.3 Thermal losses from circulation loop based on a physical approach.17 6.3.4 Additional thermal losses from circulation loop during periods of no circulation.17 6.3.5 Total thermal loss from circulation loop.17 6.4 Thermal losses due to accessories.18 6.5 User outlets.18 7 Auxiliary energy.18 7.1 Total auxiliary energy consumption.18 7.2 Auxiliary energy consumption for ribbon heating.18 7.3 Auxiliary energy consumption for pumps.19 7.3.1 General.19 7.3.2 Simplified method.19 7.3.3 Detailed calculation method.20 8 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable system losses.20 Annex A (informative)
Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and the number of tappings per day.22 Annex B (informative)
Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and distribution efficiencies.24 Annex C (informative)
Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and tapping profiles.26 Annex D (informative)
Calculation of thermal losses from circulation loop.28
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 3 D.1 Calculation of thermal losses based on pipe length.28 D.2 Thermal losses based on a detailed calculation method.28 D.2.1 General.28 D.2.2 Determination of length of pipe sections.28 D.2.3 Determination of heat transfer coefficients.31 D.2.4 Tabulated method for calculation of linear thermal transmittance.33 D.2.5 Determination of average ambient temperature.34 D.2.6 Determination of average hot water temperature of pipe section.34 Annex E (informative)
Calculation of thermal losses from user outlets.35 Annex F (informative)
Calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump.36 F.1 Simplified method for calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump.36 F.2 Detailed method for calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump.36 F.2.1 Hydraulic energy requirement.36 F.2.2 Hydraulic power required by the pump.36 F.2.3 Duration of the provision of domestic hot water.37 F.2.4 Pump performance coefficient.38 F.2.5 Intermittent pump operation.39 F.2.6 Expenditure value coefficient.39 F.3 Auxiliary energy recoverable factor.40 Bibliography.41
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15316-3-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 5 EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard is one of a number of standards that together describe methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies related to domestic hot water systems. In particular this European Standard specifies methods for calculation of the energy losses of the distribution system. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. Only the calculation methods are normative. Values necessary to complete the calculations should be given in a national annex.
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this European Standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of: thermal losses from the domestic hot water distribution system; recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the domestic hot water distribution system; auxiliary energy of the domestic hot water distribution system. These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to prEN 15603 and
EN 15316-1. This European Standard specifies the: inputs; calculation methods; outputs. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy". 3.2 building construction as a whole, including its envelope and all technical building systems, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other services related to the use of the building NOTE The term can refer to the building as a whole or to parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately.
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 8 3.3 circulation loop part of the domestic hot water distribution system where the water circulation is maintained by a pump operating continuously or in cycles during a day NOTE Where there is a circulation loop, there are heat losses from the pipes during the whole period of water circulation and not only related to hot water draw-offs. 3.4 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps. 3.5 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.6 domestic hot water distribution system distribution pipes installed between the heat generator or hot water storage vessel (if present) and the user outlet or outlets. The domestic hot water distribution system may include a circulation loop and individual sections 3.7 individual section of the domestic hot water distribution system part of the domestic hot water distribution system where the circulation of the domestic hot water is not maintained by a pump but only due to the draw offs NOTE The heat losses occur due to the energy used in heating up the pipes and fittings of the distribution system. 3.8 energy need for domestic hot water heat to be delivered to the needed amount of domestic hot water to raise its temperature from the cold network temperature to the prefixed delivery temperature at the delivery point, not taking into account the technical building thermal systems 3.9 energy use for space heating or cooling or domestic hot water energy input to the space heating or cooling system or the domestic hot water system to satisfy the energy need for space heating or cooling (including dehumidification) or domestic hot water, respectively NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. space heating and domestic hot water), it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy need for space heating and domestic hot water). 3.10 heating or cooling season period of the year during which a significant amount of energy for heating or cooling is needed NOTE The season lengths are used to determine the operation period of technical systems. 3.11 heat recovery heat generated by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger)
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 9 3.12 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system NOTE This depends on the calculation approach chosen to calculate the recovered gains and losses (holistic or simplified approach). 3.13 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.14 ribbon heating also called trace heating. Electrical resistance enveloping the pipes (one way) used to compensate the heat loss of the pipes in order to maintain the domestic hot water temperature in the distribution system at a required temperature 3.15 system boundary boundary that includes within it all areas associated with the building (both inside and outside the building) where energy is consumed or produced NOTE Inside the system boundary the system losses are taken into account explicitly, outside the system boundary they are taken into account in the conversion factor. 3.16 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, or ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE 1 A system loss can become an internal heat gain for the building, if it is recovered. NOTE 2 Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard. NOTE 3 Heat dissipated by the lighting system or by other services (e.g. appliances of computer equipment) is not part of the system thermal losses, but part of the internal heat gains. 3.17 tapping program 24-hour cycle that defines a number of domestic hot water draw-off requirements: succession of energy needs corresponding to uses of domestic hot water during a day 3.18 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed of sub-systems NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, space heating and domestic hot water system). NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems. 3.19 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission)
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 10 3.20 zone part of a building for which the energy need for domestic hot water is to be calculated 4 Symbols, units and indices For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit A area m2 b location factor - c specific heat capacity
J/(kg K) e system performance coefficient (expenditure factor) - D diameter m f conversion factor
- h height m L length m m mass
kg n
number of operating times -
t time, period of time
s Q quantity of heat, energy
J φ thermal power
W P electrical power W ψ heat loss coefficient
W/mK V volume
m3 W auxiliary (electrical) energy
J . energy loss factor - η efficiency
- θ celsius temperature
°C
heat conductivity
W/mK Table 2 — Indices amb ambient gen generation nom nominal avg average hs heated space on
circulation B building hydr hydraulic off
no circulation col circulation loop (collective) in input to system out output from system dis distribution ind individual pmp pump e external int internal rib trace heating em emission ls losses tap deliveries f floor nhs non heated space W domestic hot water
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 11 5 Domestic hot water system characteristics 5.1 General The domestic hot water distribution system is given as one or more pipes installed between the heat generator or hot water storage vessel (if present) and the user outlet or outlets. The domestic hot water distribution system may include a circulation loop. The most basic system, for which this method is applied, consists of a single distribution pipe connecting a single heat generator, or a storage vessel, and a user outlet (e.g. tap or shower head). This is shown in
Figure 1.
Key
1
generation
2
storage
3
distribution
4
emission
Figure 1 — Basic domestic hot water system components If the building is used for different applications or is divided between different users, the method can be applied to the entire building or to part of the building, as required. The calculation method can also be applied to a building or to part of a building, where there is more than one domestic hot water system installed. For the
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 12 purposes of these calculations, the buildings are considered in terms of the number of zones into which they are divided and the number of domestic hot water systems within these zones. A zone is defined as a building or part of a building, for which the energy need for domestic hot water is to be calculated. 5.2 Single zone and single system The simplest installation is a single system within a single zone (see Figure 1). 5.3 Single zone and multiple systems This installation corresponds to a zone in which the energy need for domestic hot water is provided by means of more than one domestic hot water generator. In a domestic building, this may be one generator providing domestic hot water to a bathroom and another generator providing domestic hot water to a kitchen (see
Figure 2). In non-domestic buildings, the installation depends on the building sector.
Figure 2 — Domestic hot water system, single zone and multiple systems Calculation of system losses shall be carried out separately for each system. The total system loss for the zone is the sum of the system losses of each system. Each distribution system shall be kept separate in order to define the heat load on the heat generator along with the corresponding domestic hot water demand.
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 13 5.4 Multiple zones with single system This installation corresponds to a building split into a number of separate zones, for which there is a common single domestic hot water system, e.g. a block of flats with a central boiler (see Figure 3).
Figure 3 — Domestic hot water system, multiple zones and single system The total system loss is calculated for the system, and the total thermal loss is the sum of thermal losses of each zone. 6 Distribution thermal losses 6.1 Total distribution thermal losses For the calculations, the distribution system is considered divided into two parts: a circulation loop, if present, and the individual distribution pipes to the user outlet or outlets. The thermal losses of each part are calculated separately. The total thermal loss lsdisWQ,, of the distribution system is calculated by adding the thermal losses of each part as follows: collsdisWindlsdisWindlsdisWQQQ,,,,,,,,+=∑ (MJ/day) (1) where ∑indindlsdisWQ,,, is the sum of thermal loss from the individual distribution pipes of the distribution system (no circulation loop), MJ/day;
EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E) 14 collsdisWQ,,, is the thermal loss from the circulation loop of the distribution system (collective part), if present, MJ/day. 6.2 Thermal losses from individual distribution pipe section 6.2.1 General Where there is no circulation loop, thermal losses occur due to the energy used for heating up the pipes and fittings of the distribution system. This contributes also to a delay in reaching the required minimum temperature of the domestic hot water at the user outlet. When the desired temperature is reached in the distribution system, thermal losses from the distribution system occur during the period of draw-off of domestic hot water. The heat content within the distribution system, after a draw-off of domestic hot water has been completed, is lost to the surrounding environment, i.e. heat content of the hot water in the distribution system and thermal capacity of the material of the distribution system. Insulation on the distribution pipes reduces the heat loss rate during a hot water draw-off and thus reduces the total thermal losses during a hot water demand period. Further, insulation on the distribution pipes reduces the heat loss rate regarding the heat content within the distribution system, after a hot water draw-off has been completed. The effect of the insulation in this respect depends on the time periods between consecutive draw-offs. If the time period is sufficiently long, pipe insulation does not affect the thermal loss of the heat content and the hot water temperature drops to the ambient temperature around the pipe. If the time period is short, pipe insulation reduces the thermal loss of the heat content, as the hot water temperature does not drop to the ambient temperature around the pipe. Thus, depending on the tapping pattern, the reduced thermal losses and effect of insulation should be taken into account. Different methods for calculation of thermal losses are descri
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