SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
(Main)Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
The purpose of this standard is to develop uniform nomenclature for the description of forensic dental data
and define a standardized set of uniform terms to convey this information. The goal of the standard is not to
define the extent of information collected, only to be certain that common terms are used in order to aid in an
identifying human remains or a living amnesiac.
Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt die Begriffe fest, die zur Beschreibung der besonderen Merkmale des Mundes einer Person durch Zahnärzte und forensischen Dentalexperten verwendet werden. Diese Begriffe werden in Konzepten organisiert, die auf einem forensischen Ansatz für die Merkmale eines Mundes basieren, wobei viele Konzepte für die Identifikationsdomäne spezifisch sind, die an keiner anderen Stelle im ISO Vokabular der Zahnmedizin definiert sind (z. B. „vorhandener Zahn“).
Die hierarchische Struktur dieses Dokumentes ist so ausgelegt, dass die Attribute eines Zahns, des Mundes und einer Prothese/Orthese mit zunehmenden Ebenen an unterscheidbaren Merkmalen (z. B. Materialeigenschaften, Oberfläche des restaurierten Zahns) beschrieben werden und die Möglichkeit, jede beliebige Beschreibungsebene eines Attributs mit dem umfassendsten Konzept zu verbinden.
Dieses Dokument ist für den Datenaustausch zwischen Antemortem- und Postmortem-Aufzeichnungen vorgesehen, und um Unklarheiten über die Begriffe, die zur Beschreibung des Mundes einer Person verwendet werden, zu beseitigen.
Dieses Dokument ist zur Anwendung zusammen mit ISO 1942 und ISO 3950 vorgesehen.
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de désignation des données bucco-dentaires médico-légales (ISO 20888:2020)
L'IEC 60603-7-81:2015 couvre les fiches et les embases blindées à 8 voies, les caractéristiques dimensionnelles, mécaniques, électriques et environnementales de référence et les essais de l'IEC 60603-7, et elle spécifie les exigences de transmission électrique, y compris la puissance cumulée de la diaphonie exogène, pour des fréquences jusqu'à 2 000 MHz. Ces connecteurs sont généralement utilisés comme des connecteurs de la "catégorie 8.1" dans des systèmes de câblage de "classe I" spécifiés dans l'ISO/IEC 11801. Ces connecteurs sont accouplables et interopérables avec d'autres connecteurs de la série IEC 60603-7 comme cela est défini à l'Article 2 de l'IEC 61603-7.
Ces connecteurs présentent une compatibilité amont avec d'autres connecteurs de la série IEC 60603-7, à l'exception des connecteurs des normes IEC 60603-7-7 et IEC 60603-7-71.
Mots-clés: connecteurs, fiches, embases blindées
Zobozdravstvo - Slovar in sistem označevanja forenzičnih ortodentalnih podatkov (ISO 20888:2020)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
01-januar-2021
Zobozdravstvo - Slovar in sistem označevanja forenzičnih ortodentalnih podatkov
(ISO 20888:2020)
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO
20888:2020)
Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de désignation des données bucco-
dentaires médico-légales (ISO 20888:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20888:2020
ICS:
01.040.11 Zdravstveno varstvo Health care technology
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
07.140 Forenzika Forensic science
11.060.01 Zobozdravstvo na splošno Dentistry in general
SIST EN ISO 20888:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
EN ISO 20888
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.01
English Version
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic
oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische
désignation des données bucco-dentaires médico- orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
légales (ISO 20888:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20888:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
EN ISO 20888:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
EN ISO 20888:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20888:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20888:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20888:2020 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20888
First edition
2020-10
Dentistry — Vocabulary and
designation system for forensic oro-
dental data
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire et code de désignation des
données bucco-dentaires médico-légales
Reference number
ISO 20888:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (normative) Drift/malposition .23
Annex B (normative) Impaction angulation .24
Annex C (normative) Indirect restoration type .25
Annex D (normative) Surface .26
Annex E (normative) Restorative dental material.27
Annex F (normative) Restorative dental material colour .28
Annex G (normative) Endodontic obturation material .29
Annex H (normative) Root restoration material .30
Annex I (normative) Prosthesis abutment type .31
Annex J (normative) Prosthesis retainer type .32
Annex K (normative) Congenital tooth anomalies .33
Annex L (normative) Non-restorative acquired tooth anomalies .34
Annex M (normative) Implant type .35
Annex N (normative) Dental prosthesis fixation .36
Annex O (normative) Location of anomaly .37
Annex P (normative) Dominant colour .38
Annex Q (normative) Surface anomaly .39
Annex R (normative) Prosthesis design components .40
Annex S (normative) Other oral appliances .41
Bibliography .42
Alphabetical index of terms .43
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 3,
Terminology, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Introduction
0.1 Background
The establishment of a positive identification of an unidentified individual by the comparative dental
analysis of a forensic odontologist requires submission of supporting documentation from the dental
professionals who treated the patient. This information includes dental treatment records, radiographs,
photographs, and dental casts; this information is then submitted to the appropriate authority and
referred to as antemortem dental data (AM). Currently, the vast majority of antemortem dental data
and associated attachments are submitted on paper and by radiographic film, however, the goal is
to create a standardized electronic format for the transfer of this data. Due to varying methods of
documentation and recording systems, an organized list of standardized dental terminology would
be useful. Submission of ambiguous information due to a lack of harmonization can increase the time
required to establish the identification through dental means.
The disaster victim identification (DVI) community, due to the number of victims and the number of
countries of origin of the victims, will benefit from this internationally standardized forensic oro-
dental data, by using standardized terminology of useful concepts.
Current odontological comparison software is based on the concept of restoration comparison. Utilizing
each tooth as a field, comparison and/or elimination queries and advance sorting algorithms creates a
ranking of possible matches to aid the forensic odontologist in the initial records comparison. Biometric,
familial, radiographic, and visual information support the likelihood of a match. By standardizing the
descriptors used to describe this information, the likelihood of identifying an individual based on the
forensic odontologist's data increases.
0.2 Principle
Many descriptors of a tooth are determined from radiographic interpretation; specific “similar”
radiographic attributes are grouped together into single unified descriptors. This should allow for
the unambiguous interpretation of a tooth attribute and ensure that a radiographic attribute can
be described by a single unified attribute. Generally, consistency of assigning a unique attribute to a
radiographic feature is utilized in this document in order to create unambiguous descriptors even at
the expense of combining similar, but not identical, attributes.
The permanent dentition takes priority when both the primary and permanent teeth are present if both
are concurrently visible in the mouth; however, the presence of the primary tooth should also be noted.
The pertinence of these descriptors should be weighted with the time differences between the date of
the records and the presumptive date of recording of the current data.
If a descriptor involves multiple teeth, then that descriptor shall be utilized for all the teeth involved.
0.3 Rationale
A significant volume of information is gathered during dental evaluation and treatment. Forensic
odontologists charged with the task of identifying individuals need comprehensive information in
order to prove or disprove identification. While much of the information gathered by the dentist might
not aid in claims adjudication, it is not possible to predict in advance what item or items in the dental
record might be conclusive in identification. This document is designed to fill a void by establishing
documentation requirements for the submission of antemortem dental information for identification.
Terms and definitions describing teeth, pathology or anomaly of teeth or tooth restorations are limited
to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map to individual teeth.
Terms and definitions describing multiple teeth, jaw or mouth conditions, pathologies, relationships, or
prostheses are limited to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map those entities.
Terms and definitions which are limited to other specific ISO 3950 oro-dental locations are annotated
accordingly in the notes to entry and related annexes.
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Terms and definitions describing dental devices, pathologies, or entities that do not have a specific
location are limited to ISO 3950 code 00, 01, 02 and the notes to entry and related annexes.
An entry with a “(by report)” notation indicates that optional free-form text can be included with the
term to further characterize the entity being described. See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Overview of the main elements of Clause 3
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20888:2020(E)
Dentistry — Vocabulary and designation system for
forensic oro-dental data
1 Scope
This document defines the terms used to describe the distinctive characteristics of an individual’s
mouth by dentists and forensic dental experts. These terms are organized by concepts based on a
forensic approach to the characteristics of a mouth, with many concepts specific to the identification
domain that are not defined elsewhere in ISO dentistry vocabularies (e.g. “present tooth”).
The hierarchical structure of this document is designed to describe attributes of a tooth, the mouth
and a prosthesis/orthosis with increasing levels of discriminative characteristics (e.g. material
characteristics, restored tooth surface) and the possibility to connect any level of description of an
attribute with the most comprehensive concept.
This document is intended to be used for data exchange between antemortem and postmortem files
and remove ambiguity on the terms used to describe an individual’s mouth.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 1942 and ISO 3950.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3950, Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
oro-dental identification
science and art of comparing antemortem dental data (3.2.2.1) with postmortem dental data (3.2.2.2) to
help determine the identity of an individual
3.2
forensic oro-dental data
recorded information describing the oral cavity and surrounding tissues for legal purposes
3.2.1
date of receiving record
date when the forensic information is recorded in the forensic record
Note 1 to entry: The date of receiving record is determined using ISO 8601-1.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.2.2
date of information
date when the forensic information was created
Note 1 to entry: The date of information is determined using ISO 8601-1.
3.2.2.1
antemortem dental data
historical forensic oro-dental data (3.2)
3.2.2.2
postmortem dental data
current forensic oro-dental data (3.2)
3.3
oro-dental location
designation code for tooth, teeth or area of the oral cavity of the forensic information
Note 1 to entry: The oro-dental location shall be determined in accordance with ISO 3950.
3.3.1
tooth present
tooth or substantial part of a tooth visible in clinical or in radiologic examination, or reported present
in the dental record
Note 1 to entry: If only a portion of the root remains and the coronal portion of the tooth has been replaced by
a dental prosthesis (whether fixed or removable) that is not anchored by the remaining root, the tooth is not
considered present. See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Overview of the main elements of a tooth present
3.3.1.1
unerupted tooth
tooth present (3.3.1) that is not visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the erupted tooth is also abnormally angulated it can be described under malpositioned
angulation.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.2
erupted tooth
tooth present (3.3.1) that is partially or completely visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the erupted tooth is also abnormally angulated, it can be described under malpositioned
angulation.
3.3.1.2.1
overerupted tooth
hypererupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly occlusal to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: This term is used regardless of the aetiology of the overeruption.
3.3.1.2.2
undererupted tooth
hypoerupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly apical to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: A tooth is considered hypoerupted versus impacted only when a substantial portion of the coronal
portion of the tooth is in the oral cavity, the path of eruption is unobstructed, and the root apices are fully closed.
Note 2 to entry: This term is used regardless of the aetiology of the undereruption.
3.3.1.2.3
malpositioned tooth
tooth that is not in the normal position or angulation relative to the dental arch
Note 1 to entry: The malpositioned tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.2.3.1
drifted tooth
tooth that has migrated into an edentulous space previously occupied by a different tooth
Note 1 to entry: The type of tooth drift shall be as specified in Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: The drifted tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.2.3.2
angulated tooth
tooth that has an inclination that deviates from the norm
Note 1 to entry: The type of tooth that is visible at clinical examination and is at the plane of occlusion shall be as
specified in Annex B.
Note 2 to entry: The angulated tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.3
unrestored tooth
tooth that does not have any visible or radiographic evidence of a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The unrestored tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 20, 30, 40.
Note 3 to entry: Pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration.
3.3.1.4
coronally restored tooth
tooth that has any type of dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: A pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.4.1
dental restoration
dental device that restores or replaces lost tooth structure
Note 1 to entry: This definition differs from ISO 1942 in that lost tooth and oral tissues are excluded so that there
is no ambiguity with the definition of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8).
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.1
direct dental restoration
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is placed directly onto or within a tooth
Note 1 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.2
indirect dental restoration
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is fabricated outside the mouth
Note 1 to entry: The dental restoration fabricated outside the mouth shall be as specified in Annex C.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.3
other dental restoration type
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) whose origin is known and not covered by any of the other categories
(by report)
Note 1 to entry: Optional free-form text can be included to further characterize the entity being described.
3.3.1.4.1.4
number of dental restorations
number of parts of the tooth that have been replaced by a restoration
3.3.1.4.1.5
dental surface restored by dental restoration
part of the tooth that has been replaced by the dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The parts of the tooth that have been replaced by the dental restoration shall be as specified in
Annex D.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.6
dental restoration material
constituent elements utilized in a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The material utilized in the dental restoration shall be as specified in Annex E.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.7
dental restoration colour
predominant hue of the dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is affixed to the dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: The colour utilized in the dental restoration shall be as specified in Annex F.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.8
fracture of dental restoration
tooth that exhibits a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that has a substantial portion of material missing due
to factors other than normal wear
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.4.2
endodontically treated tooth
tooth with therapy performed on the endodontium
Note 1 to entry: This term can be used if there is definitive evidence of treatment regardless of the extent of
treatment and the presence or absence of endodontic obturation material.
3.3.1.4.3
coronally endodontically treated tooth
pulpotomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) limited to the pulp chamber
3.3.1.4.3.1
coronally endodontically treated tooth obturation material
constituent element used in sealing the coronally endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.3)
Note 1 to entry: The type of material utilized in obturating the coronally endodontically treated tooth shall be as
specified in Annex G.
3.3.1.4.4
fully endodontically treated tooth
pulpectomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) in both the pulp chamber and the radicular portion of the tooth
3.3.1.4.4.1
obturating material in fully endodontically treated tooth
constituent element used in sealing the fully endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.4)
Note 1 to entry: The type of material utilized in obturating the fully endodontically treated tooth shall be as
specified in Annex G.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.4.2
number of canals obturated in fully endodontically treated tooth
number of canals with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.5
retrograde endodontically treated tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) resulting from an apical approach
3.3.1.4.5.1
obturating material in retrograde endodontically treated tooth
constituent element used in sealing the retrograde endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.5)
Note 1 to entry: The material utilized in obturating the apices shall be as specified in Annex G.
3.3.1.4.5.2
number of apices treated with obturation of the retrograde endodontically treated tooth
number of canal apices with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.6
other endodontic entity
endodontic entity not described by other descriptors
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 20888:2021
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.5
root restoration
root post
tooth that has a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that fills the root canal system of the tooth to serve as a
restoration or aid in the retention of another dental device
3.3.1.5.1
number of canals which retain the root restoration
number of canals that the root restoration (3.3.1.5) substantially extends into
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if the tooth has not had endodontic treatment.
Note 2 to entry: This term may be used ev
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 20888:2019
01-julij-2019
Zobozdravstvo - Terminologija za forenzične ortodentalne podatke (ISO/DIS
20888:2019)
Dentistry - Terminology for forensic oro-dental data (ISO/DIS 20888:2019)
Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische orodentale Daten (ISO/DIS 20888:2019)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Ensemble de données bucco-dentaires pour médecine légale
(ISO/DIS 20888:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20888
ICS:
07.140 Forenzika Forensic science
11.060.01 Zobozdravstvo na splošno Dentistry in general
oSIST prEN ISO 20888:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20888:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 20888:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 20888
ISO/TC 106/SC 3 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-05-03 2019-07-26
Dentistry — Terminology for forensic oro-dental data
ICS: 11.060.01
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ISO/DIS 20888:2019(E)
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (normative) Drift/Malposition Table .22
Annex B (normative) Impaction Angulation Table .23
Annex C (normative) Congenital Tooth Anomalies Table .24
Annex D (normative) Non-Restorative Acquired Tooth Anomalies Table .25
Annex E (normative) Surface Table .26
Annex F (normative) Restorative Dental Materials Table .27
Annex G (normative) Restorative Dental Materials Color .28
Annex H (normative) Indirect Restoration Type Table .29
Annex I (normative) Endodontic Obturation Material Table .30
Annex J (normative) Root Restoration Material Table .31
Annex K (normative) Prosthesis Abutment Type Table .32
Annex L (normative) Prosthesis Retainer Type Table .33
Annex M (normative) Implant Type Table .34
Annex N (normative) Dental Prosthesis Fixation Table .35
Annex O (normative) ISO 3950 Mouth Location Table .36
Annex P (normative) Location of Anomaly Table .37
Annex Q (normative) Dominant Color Table .38
Annex R (normative) Prosthesis Design Components Table .39
Annex S (normative) Other Oral Appliances Table .40
Annex T (normative) Surface Anomaly Table.41
Bibliography .42
Index of Terms .43
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Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 3,
Terminology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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Introduction
The establishment of a positive identification of an unidentified individual by the comparative
dental analysis of a forensic odontologist requires submission of supporting documentation from the
dental professionals who treated the patient. This information includes dental treatment records,
radiographs, photographs and dental casts, should be submitted to the appropriate authority and is
referred to as antemortem dental data (AM). Currently, the vast majority of antemortem dental data
and associated attachments are submitted on paper and by radiographic film, however, the ultimate
goal is to create a standardized electronic format for the transfer of this data. Due to varying methods
of documentation and recording systems an organized list of standardized dental terminology would
be useful. Submission of ambiguous information due to a lack of harmonization can increase the time
required to establish the identification through dental means.
The Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) community, due to the number of victims and the number of
countries of origin of the victims, will benefit from this international standardized forensic dental data,
by using standardized terminology of useful concepts.
Background
Current odontological comparison software is based on the concept of restoration comparison. Utilizing
each tooth as a field, comparison and/or elimination queries and advance sorting algorithms creates a
ranking of possible matches to aid the Forensic Odontologist in the initial records comparison. Biometric,
familial, radiographic and visual information support the likelihood of a match. By standardizing the
descriptors used to describe this information the likelihood of identifying an individual based on the
Forensic Odontologists data increases.
Principle
Characteristics of the oral cavity can be grouped in three sets of data:
Tooth data set describing teeth one by one, together with periodontal tissues
Mouth data set describing intra and extra oral characteristics of the mouth with the exclusion of teeth,
dental prosthesis and dental orthoses
Prosthesis and orthoses data set describing dental prosthesis and dental orthoses appliances
For each data set, characteristics are organized with increasing precision in the description of an
attribute, allowing to find a match independently of the granularity of the information. For example, if
an antemortem record informs that such tooth is restored, without any precision on the material used
and the surfaces concerned, a postmortem record describing the same tooth with all the characteristics
of the restoration i.e.: surface(s) and material(s), it is still a match at the broader level (restored tooth).
Many descriptors of a tooth are determined from radiographic interpretation; certain “similar”
radiographic attributes are grouped together into single unified descriptors. This should allow
unambiguous interpretation of a tooth attribute and ensure that a radiographic attribute may be
described by a single unified attribute. Generally, consistency of assigning a single attribute to a
radiographic feature is utilized in this standard in order to create unambiguous descriptors even at the
expense of combining similar, but not identical, attributes.
The permanent dentition takes priority when both the primary and permanent teeth are present if both
are concurrently visible in the mouth however the presence of the primary tooth should also be noted.
The pertinence of these descriptors should be weighted with the time differences between the date of
the records and the presumptive date of recording of the current data.
If a descriptor involves multiple teeth, then that descriptor shall be utilized for all the teeth involved.
The tooth data set descriptors may be utilized for both antemortem data and postmortem data. The
purpose of this data set is to define a common nomenclature to common attributes of a tooth. Because
no data set may completely describe all unique attributes of a tooth, additional fields have been added
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to allow for the description of less common attributes. Care should be exercised in the use of these
additional fields since there is no guarantee that they would be understood by software that would be
utilized postmortem.
The mouth data set descriptors may be utilized for both antemortem data and postmortem data. The
purpose of this data set is to define a set of descriptors for “mouth specific” information. This should
include all skeletal findings not included on the tooth data set as well as any appliances that either restore
teeth or correct or stabilize orthodontic or skeletal abnormalities. It should also include biological
structures (excluding supernumerary teeth that are dealt with in the tooth data set descriptors) that
are outside dental norms, as well as any other information that should aid in identifying individuals.
The prosthesis data set descriptors may be utilized for both antemortem data and postmortem data. The
purpose of this data set is to define a set of descriptors to describe a dental prosthesis (3.7) and dental
orthoses (3.8) separately from the underlying tooth structure.
Rationale
A great deal of information is gathered during the course of dental evaluation and treatment. Forensic
Odontologists charged with the task of identifying individuals requires comprehensive information in
order to prove or disprove identification. While much of the information gathered by the dentist may
not aid in claims adjudication, it is not possible to predict in advance what item or items in the dental
record might be conclusive in identification. Although no standard exists to establish documentation
requirements for the submission of antemortem dental information for identification, this standard is
designed to fill that void.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 20888:2019(E)
Dentistry — Terminology for forensic oro-dental data
1 Scope
This international standard provides dentists and forensic dental experts with an organized system of
concepts to describe the distinctive characteristics of an individual’s mouth. The chosen system is based
on a forensic approach of a mouth’s characteristics, with many concepts specifics to the identification
domain that are not defined elsewhere in ISO dentistry vocabularies (e.g. “present tooth”).
The hierarchical structure of the standard is designed to describe attributes of a tooth, the mouth
and a prosthesis/orthosis with increasing levels of discriminative characteristics (e.g. material
characteristics, restored tooth surface…) and the possibility to connect any level of description of an
attribute with the most comprehensive concept.
This standard is intended to be used for data exchange between antemortem and postmortem files,
without any ambiguity on the terms used to describe an individual’s mouth.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942:2009, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3950:2016, Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity
ISO 8601:2000, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of
dates and times
ISO 16443, Dentistry — Vocabulary for dental implants systems and related procedure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
Terms and definitions describing teeth, pathology or anomaly of teeth or tooth restorations will be
limited to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map to individual teeth.
Terms and definitions describing multiple teeth, jaw or mouth conditions, pathologies, relationships, or
prostheses will be limited to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map to those entities.
Terms and definitions which are limited to other specific ISO 3950 oro-dental locations will be in
annotated accordingly in the accompanying notes to those terms.
Terms and definitions describing dental devices, pathologies, or entities that do not have a specific
location will be limited to ISO 3950 codes 00.
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Figure 1 — Overview of the main elements of Terms and definitions
3.1
oro-dental identification
science and art of comparing antemortem dental data with postmortem dental data (3.2.2.1) to help
determine the identity of an individual
3.2
forensic dental data
recorded information describing the oral cavity and surrounding tissues for legal purposes
3.2.1
date of receiving record
date, using ISO 8601, when the forensic information is recorded in the forensic record
3.2.2
date of information
date, using ISO 8601, when the forensic information was created
3.2.2.1
antemortem dental data
historical forensic dental data (3.2)
3.2.2.2
postmortem dental data
current forensic dental data (3.2)
3.3
oro-dental location
ISO 3950 designation code for teeth or and areas of the oral cavity of the forensic information
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Figure 2 — Overview of the main elements of 3.3.1 tooth present
3.3.1
tooth present
tooth or substantial part of a tooth visible in clinical or in radiologic examination, or reported present
in the dental record
Note 1 to entry: If only a portion of the root remains, and the coronal portion of the tooth has been replaced
by a dental prosthesis (whether fixed or removable) that is not anchored by the remaining root the tooth is not
considered present.
3.3.1.1
unerupted tooth
tooth present that is not visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the unerupted tooth is also abnormally angulated it can be described under malpostioned
angulation.
3.3.1.2
erupted tooth
tooth present that is partially or completely visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the unerupted tooth is also abnormally angulated it can be described under malpostioned
angulation.
3.3.1.2.1
overerupted tooth
hypererupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly occlusal to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: This term is used regardless of the etiology of the overeruption.
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3.3.1.2.2
undererupted tooth
hypoerupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly apical to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: A tooth is considered hypoerupted versus impacted only when a substantial portion of the coronal
portion of the tooth is in the oral cavity, the path of eruption is unobstructed, and the root apices are fully closed.
Note 2 to entry: This term is used regardless of the etiology of the undereruption.
3.3.1.2.3
malpositioned tooth
tooth that is not in the normal position or angulation relative to the dental arch
Note 1 to entry: The tooth must be an erupted tooth.
3.3.1.2.3.1
drifted tooth
use Annex A Drift /Malposition Table to describe the type of tooth drift
Note 1 to entry: The tooth must be an erupted tooth.
3.3.1.2.3.2
angulated tooth
use Annex B Impaction Angulation Table to describe the type of tooth that is visible at clinical
examination and is at the plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: The tooth must be an erupted tooth.
3.3.1.3
unrestored tooth
tooth that does not have any visible or radiographic evidence of a dental restoration used to restore the
coronal part of the tooth
Note 1 to entry: The tooth must be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,10,20,30,40.
Note 3 to entry: Pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1).
3.3.1.4
coronally restored tooth
tooth that has any type of dental restoration
Note 1 to entry: A pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration.
3.3.1.4.1
dental restoration (multiple iterations allowed)
dental device that restores or replaces lost tooth structure
Note 1 to entry: Differs from ISO 1942 in that lost tooth and oral tissues are excluded, so that there is no ambiguity
with the definition of a dental prosthesis.
3.3.1.4.1.1
direct dental restoration (multiple iterations allowed)
dental restoration that is placed directly onto or within a tooth
3.3.1.4.1.2
indirect dental restoration (multiple iterations allowed)
dental restoration that is fabricated outside the mouth and then luted or bonded into place
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3.3.1.4.1.3
other dental restoration type (by report)
dental restoration whose origin is known and not covered by any of the other categories (by report)
3.3.1.4.1.4
number of dental restorations
number of parts of the tooth that have been replaced by a restoration
3.3.1.4.1.5
dental surfaces restored by dental restoration
use Annex E Surface Table to describe the type of parts of the tooth that have been replaced by the
dental restoration
3.3.1.4.1.6
material(s) used in dental restoration (multiple iterations allowed)
use Annex F Restorative Dental Materials Table to describe the material utilized in the dental restoration
3.3.1.4.1.7
color(s) of dental restoration (multiple iterations allowed)
use Annex G Restorative Dental Colors Table to describe the color utilized in the dental restoration
3.3.1.4.1.8
fracture of dental restoration
tooth that exhibits a dental restoration that has a substantial portion of material missing due to factors
other than normal wear
3.3.1.4.2
endodontically treated tooth
Tooth with therapy performed on the endodontium
Note 1 to entry: This term can be used if there is definitive evidence of treatment regardless of the extent of
treatment and the presence or absence of endodontic obturation material.
3.3.1.4.3
coronally endodontically treated tooth
pulpotomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth limited to the pulp chamber
3.3.1.4.3.1
coronally endodontically treated tooth obturation material
use Annex I Endodontic Obturation Material Table to describe the type of material utilized in obturating
the coronally endodontically treated tooth
3.3.1.4.4
fully endodontically treated tooth
pulpectomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth in both the pulp chamber and radicular portion of the tooth
3.3.1.4.4.1
number of canals obturated in fully endodontically treated tooth
number of canals with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.4.2
material(s) utilized in obturating the fully endodontically treated tooth
use Annex I Endodontic Obturation Material Table to describe the type of material utilized in obturating
the fully endodontically treated tooth (Multiple iterations allowed)
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3.3.1.4.5
retrograde endodontically treated tooth
endodontically treated tooth resulting from an apical approach
3.3.1.4.5.1
number of apices treated with obturation of the retrograde endodontically treated tooth
number of canals apices with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.5.2
material(s) utilized in obturating the retrograde endodontically treated tooth
use Annex I Endodontic Obturation Material Table to describe the material utilized in obturating
the apices
3.3.1.4.6
other endodontic entity (by report)
endodontic entity not described by other descriptors
3.3.1.5
root restoration / post
tooth that has a dental restoration that fills the root canal system of the tooth to serve as a restoration
or aid in the retention of another dental device
3.3.1.5.1
number of canals which retain the root restoration
number of canals that the root restoration substantially extends into
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if the tooth has not had endodontic treatment.
Note 2 to entry: This term may be used even if the tooth does not have a core restoration as part of the post system.
3.3.1.5.2
root restoration material utilized
use Annex J Root Restoration Material Table to describe the material utilized in the root restoration
3.3.1.6
altered root
tooth whose root system has been altered either by pathology or treatment intervention
3.3.1.6.1
root amputation
multi-rooted tooth whose root system has been intentionally sectioned with at least one of the roots
removed for therapeutic purposes
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if definitive restorations are not present on the tooth.
3.3.1.6.2
sectioned tooth
tooth that has been intentionally separated into multiple sections with none of the roots removed for
therapeutic purposes
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if definitive restorations are not present on the tooth.
3.3.1.6.3
retained instrument
root canal instrument present in one or more canals
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used regardless of where any additional obturation materials coexist in the
same or other canals of the tooth.
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3.3.1.6.4
other-altered root (by report)
tooth whose root has been intentionally altered for therapeutic purposes and not covered by other
descriptors (by report)
3.3.1.7
abutment tooth for dental prosthesis
tooth code that supports a part of a dental prosthesis
3.3.1.7.1
type of abutment device affixed to tooth
use Annex K Tooth Supported Component Abutment Type Table to describe the tooth supported
component that supports the prosthesis
3.3.1.7.2
type of retainer on dental prosthesis
use Annex L Prosthesis Retainer Type Table to describe to describe the prosthesis supported component
that supports the prosthesis
3.3.1.7.3
splinted to adjacent teeth
tooth with a dental restoration connected to another on an adjacent tooth
3.3.1.8
other unique restorative characteristic (by report)
unique restorative characteristic not covered by other descriptors
3.3.1.9
non-acquired anomaly (multiple iterations allowed)
use Annex C Congenital Tooth Anomalies Table to describe the type of tooth with a congenital
abnormality
3.3.1.10
non-restorative acquired anomaly type (multiple iterations allowed)
use Annex D Non - Restorative Acquired Tooth Anomalies Table to describe the type of non-acquired
anomaly of the tooth
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that
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