SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems - Part 1: Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and qualitative control (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems - Part 1: Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and qualitative control (ISO 14096-1:2005)
ISO 14096-1:2005 specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve. They can be integrated into the system software and together with a standard reference film used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a spatial resolution down to 25 micrometres, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 x 430) mm2. This standard does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Qualifizierung von Röntgenfilm-Digitalisierungssystemen - Teil 1: Definitionen, quantitative Messung von Bildqualitätsparametern, Standard-Referenzfilm und Qualitätssicherung (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Diese Europäische Norm legt Messvorschriften für die Bestimmung von Basisparametern für Röntgenfilm-Digitalisierungssysteme wie Ortsauflösung und geometrische Linearität, Umfang der optischen Dichte, Dichtekontrastempfindlichkeit und charakteristische Übertragungskurve fest. Diese Messvorschriften können in die Systemsoftware integriert und in Verbindung mit einem Standard-Referenzfilm (wie in Abschnitt 5 beschrieben) zur Qualitätssicherung des Digitalisierungsvorganges benutzt werden. Dieser Referenzfilm verfügt über eine Reihe von Testmustern zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Digitalisierungssystems. Die Testmuster sind geeignet für die Überprüfung von Digitalisierungssystemen mit einer Ortsauflösung von maximal 25 µm, einer Dichtekontrastempfindlichkeit von 0,02 optische Dichten, einem Bereich der optischen Dichte („Filmschwärzung“) zwischen 0,5 und 4,5 und einer maximalen Filmgröße von (350 430) mm2. Diese Norm behandelt weder die Signalverarbeitung noch die Darstellung der digitalisierten Daten.
Essais non destructifs - Qualification des systèmes de numérisation des films radiographiques - Partie 1: Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de qualité d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle qualitatif (ISO 14096-1:2005)
L'ISO 14096-1:2005 spécifie les procédures d'évaluation des paramètres de performance de base du processus de numérisation des films radiographiques tels que la résolution et la linéarité spatiales, la plage de densité, la sensibilité au contraste de densité et la courbe de transfert caractéristique. Ils peuvent être intégrés au logiciel du système ainsi qu'au film de référence normalisé utilisé pour le contrôle qualité du processus de numérisation. Ce film de référence comporte une série de cibles de contrôle pour l'évaluation de la performance. Ces cibles de contrôle permettent une évaluation du système de numérisation présentant une résolution spatiale allant jusqu'à 25 µm, une sensibilité au contraste de densité avec jusqu'à 0,02 de densité optique, une plage de densité comprise entre 0,5 et 4,5 et un format de film d'une capacité de (350 x 430) mm2 (14 x 17 pouces). L'ISO 14096-1:2005 ne s'adresse pas au traitement du signal et à l'affichage des données numérisées.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Kvalificiranje sistemov za digitaliziranje radiogramov - 1. del: Definicije, kvantitativne meritve parametrov kakovosti radiografske slike, standardni referenčni radiogram in kvalitativna kontrola (ISO 14096-1:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
01-junij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14096-1:2004
Neporušitvene preiskave - Kvalificiranje sistemov za digitaliziranje radiogramov -
1. del: Definicije, kvantitativne meritve parametrov kakovosti radiografske slike,
standardni referenčni radiogram in kvalitativna kontrola (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems - Part 1:
Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference
film and qualitative control (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Qualifizierung von Röntgenfilm-Digitalisierungssystemen -
Teil 1: Definitionen, quantitative Messung von Bildqualitätsparametern, Standard-
Referenzfilm und Qualitätssicherung (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Essais non destructifs - Qualification des systèmes de numérisation des films
radiographiques - Partie 1: Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de qualité
d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle qualitatif (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
37.040.25 Radiografski filmi Radiographic films
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
EN ISO 14096-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 37.040.25 Supersedes EN 14096-1:2003
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film
digitisation systems - Part 1: Definitions, quantitative
measurements of image quality parameters, standard
reference film and qualitative control (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Essais non destructifs - Qualification des systèmes de Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Qualifizierung von
numérisation des films radiographiques - Partie 1: Röntgenfilm-Digitalisierungssystemen - Teil 1:
Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de Definitionen, quantitative Messung von
qualité d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle Bildqualitätsparametern, Standard-Referenzfilm und
qualitatif (ISO 14096-1:2005) Qualitätssicherung (ISO 14096-1:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 January 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14096-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
EN ISO 14096-1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
EN ISO 14096-1:2020 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 14096-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive
testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
EN ISO 14096-1:2020 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of
which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14096-1:2003.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14096-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14096-1:2020 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14096-1
First edition
2005-06-15
Non-destructive testing — Qualification
of radiographic film digitisation
systems —
Part 1:
Definitions, quantitative measurements of
image quality parameters, standard
reference film and qualitative control
Essais non destructifs — Qualification des systèmes de numérisation
des films radiographiques —
Partie 1: Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de qualité
d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle qualitatif
Reference number
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14096-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (as EN 14096-1:2003) and
was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive
testing, Subcommittee SC 5, Radiation methods ISO/TC, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member
bodies.
ISO 14096 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing — Qualification of
radiographic film digitisation systems:
Part 1: Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and
qualitative control
Part 2: Minimum requirements
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Evaluation procedures .8
5 Standard reference film.12
6 Qualitative control and long term stability of the digitisation system .14
2
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14096-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, "Non-destructive
testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2003.
EN 14096 comprises a series of European Standards for radiographic film digitisation systems which is made up of
the following:
EN 14096-1, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 1: Definitions,
quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and qualitative control
EN 14096-2, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 2: Minimum
requirements
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Introduction
Radiographic film systems are used for industrial inspection by X- and gamma rays. To apply modern means of
computer support for analysis, transmission and storage the information stored in the radiographic film should be
converted into digital data (digitisation). This European Standard defines minimum requirements to ensure that the
relevant information for evaluation of the digital data is preserved during the film digitisation process.
4
vi © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the
radiographic film digitisation process such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast
sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve. They can be integrated into the system software and together with a
standard reference film (as described in clause 5) used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference
film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a
digitisation system with a spatial resolution down to 25 μm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical
density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 x 430) mm². This standard does not address
signal processing and display of the digitised data.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 584-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film systems for
industrial radiography.
EN 14096-2, Non-destructive testing — Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems — Part 2: Minimum
requirements.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
radiographic film digitisation system
digitiser
sequential application of the two functions below:
a) detection of the diffuse transmittance of a small unit area of the film (pixel, picture element) by means of an
optical detector, giving an electric output signal (geometrical digitisation);
b) conversion of the above electrical signal into a numerical value (densitometrical digitisation)
3.2
scanning aperture
S
A
spatial extension (area) on the radiographic film through which the digitiser performs the scanning of one pixel for
geometrical digitisation
The size of the scanning aperture corresponds:
5
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
3.3
pixel size
P
geometrical centre-to-centre distance between adjacent pixels in a row (horizontal pitch) or column (vertical pitch)
of the scanned image
3.4
optical density
D
logarithmic value to the base 10 of the diffuse light intensity ratio in front of (I ) and behind (I ) the radiographic film
0 D
according to equation (1):
I
0
D lg (1)
I
D
3.5
edge spread function
ESF
resulting profile across a step function after digitisation
NOTE This function can be either as light intensity or optical density.
3.6
digitiser unsharpness
U
D
blurring of sharp edges by the scanning aperture, scattered light, flare or electronic bandwidth
It is determined from the geometrical distance of the 10% and 90% point of the Edge Spread Function (ESF) from a
light intensity step function.
3.7
spatial frequency
f
described by a sinusoidal intensity variation along a geometrical axis
The period of this function is measured in number of line pairs per millimetre (lp/mm).
3.8
spatial frequency maximum value
f
c
in theory, this value, in number of line pairs per millimetre, is given by the Nyquist sampling theorem, see equation
(2):
f 1 / (2 * P) (2)
c
Practically, the scanning aperture, the mechanics and the electronics of the digitiser reduce this theoretical value.
3.9
modulation transfer function
MTF
normalised magnitude of the Fourier-transform (FT) of the differentiated spatial optical density edge spread
function (ESF) (see Figure 1)
It describes the unsharpness function of the digitiser (contrast transmission as a function of the object size).
6
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14096-1:2020
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
NOTE This MTF calculation is based on optical densities, which correspond to the X-ray dose.
3.10
density range
D
R
range of maximum and minimum optical densities, which can be measured by the digitiser
Depending on the construction of the digitiser, this density range can be split into several working ranges (e.g. by a
different illumination power and/or a different detector integration time).
3.11
characteristic transfer curve
CTC
relationship between the optical density of the film and the digitised data
3.12
digital resolution in bit
number of bits provided by the analogue-to-digital converter of the digitiser used for densitometrical digitisation
N
NOTE A digital resolution of N bits corresponds to 2 digital values.
3.13
density sampling pitch
D
SP
optical density variation corresponding to an increase of 1 in the digitised value
NOTE This density variation depends on t
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
01-november-2019
Neporušitvene preiskave - Kvalificiranje sistemov za digitaliziranje radiogramov -
1. del: Definicije, kvantitativne meritve parametrov kakovosti radiografske slike,
standardni referenčni radiogram in kvalitativna kontrola (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems - Part 1:
Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference
film and qualitative control (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Qualifizierung von Röntgenfilm-Digitalisierungssystemen -
Teil 1: Definitionen, quantitative Messung von Bildqualitätsparametern, Standard-
Referenzfilm und Qualitätssicherung (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Essais non destructifs - Qualification des systèmes de numérisation des films
radiographiques - Partie 1: Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de qualité
d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle qualitatif (ISO 14096-1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 14096-1
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
37.040.25 Radiografski filmi Radiographic films
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14096-1
First edition
2005-06-15
Non-destructive testing — Qualification
of radiographic film digitisation
systems —
Part 1:
Definitions, quantitative measurements of
image quality parameters, standard
reference film and qualitative control
Essais non destructifs — Qualification des systèmes de numérisation
des films radiographiques —
Partie 1: Définitions, mesures quantitatives des paramètres de qualité
d'image, film de référence normalisé et contrôle qualitatif
Reference number
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14096-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (as EN 14096-1:2003) and
was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive
testing, Subcommittee SC 5, Radiation methods ISO/TC, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member
bodies.
ISO 14096 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing — Qualification of
radiographic film digitisation systems:
Part 1: Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and
qualitative control
Part 2: Minimum requirements
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Evaluation procedures .8
5 Standard reference film.12
6 Qualitative control and long term stability of the digitisation system .14
2
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14096-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, "Non-destructive
testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2003.
EN 14096 comprises a series of European Standards for radiographic film digitisation systems which is made up of
the following:
EN 14096-1, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 1: Definitions,
quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and qualitative control
EN 14096-2, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 2: Minimum
requirements
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
Introduction
Radiographic film systems are used for industrial inspection by X- and gamma rays. To apply modern means of
computer support for analysis, transmission and storage the information stored in the radiographic film should be
converted into digital data (digitisation). This European Standard defines minimum requirements to ensure that the
relevant information for evaluation of the digital data is preserved during the film digitisation process.
4
vi © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 14096-1:2019
ISO 14096-1:2005(E)
EN 14096-1:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the
radiographic film digitisation process such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast
sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve. They can be integrated into the system software and together with a
standard reference film (as described in clause 5) used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference
film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a
digitisation system with a spatial resolution down to 25 μm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical
density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 x 430) mm². This standard does not address
signal processing and display of the digitised data.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 584-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film systems for
industrial radiography.
EN 14096-2, Non-destructive testing — Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems — Part 2: Minimum
requirements.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
radiographic film digitisation system
digitiser
sequential application of the two functions below:
a) detection of the diffuse transmittance of a small unit area of the film (pixel, picture element) by means of an
optical detector, giving an electric output signal (geometrical digitisation);
b) conversion of the above electrical signal into a numerical value (densitometrical digitisation)
3.2
scanning aperture
S
A
spatial extension (area) on the radiographic film through which the digitiser performs the scanning of one pixel for
geometrical digitisation
The size of the scanning aperture corresponds:
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3.3
pixel size
P
geometrical centre-to-centre distance between adjacent pixels in a row (horizontal pitch) or column (vertical pitch)
of the scanned image
3.4
optical density
D
logarithmic value to the base 10 of the diffuse light intensity ratio in front of (I ) and behind (I ) the radiographic film
0 D
according to equation (1):
I
0
D lg (1)
I
D
3.5
edge spread function
ESF
resulting profile across a step function after digitisation
NOTE This function can be either as light intensity or optical density.
3.6
digitiser unsharpness
U
D
blurring of sharp edges by the scanning aperture, scattered light, flare or electronic bandwidth
It is determined from the geometrical distance of the 10% and 90% point of the Edge Spread Function (ESF) from a
light intensity step function.
3.7
spatial frequency
f
described by a sinusoidal intensity variation along a geometrical axis
The period of this function is measured in number of line pairs per millimetre (lp/mm).
3.8
spatial frequency maximum value
f
c
in theory, this value, in number of line pairs per millimetre, is given by the Nyquist sampling theorem, see equation
(2):
f 1 / (2 * P) (2)
c
Practically, the scanning aperture, the mechanics and the electronics of the digitiser reduce this theoretical value.
3.9
modulation transfer function
MTF
normalised magnitude of the Fourier-transform (FT) of the differentiated spatial optical density edge spread
function (ESF) (see Figure 1)
It describes the unsharpness function of the digitiser (contrast transmission as a function of the object size).
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NOTE This MTF calculation is based on optical densities, which correspond to the X-ray dose.
3.10
density range
D
R
range of maximum and minimum optical densities, which can be measured by the digitiser
Depending on the construction of the digitiser, this density range can be split into several working ranges (e.g. by a
different illumination power and/or a different detector integration time).
3.11
characteristic transfer curve
CTC
relationship between the optical density of the film and the digitised data
3.12
digital resolution in bit
number of bits provided by the analogue-to-digital converter of the digitiser used for densitometrical digitisation
N
NOTE A digital resolution of N bits corresponds to 2 digital values.
3.13
density sampling pitch
D
SP
optical density variation corresponding to an increase of 1 in the digitised value
NOTE This density variation depends on the characteristic transfer curve of the digitiser. The density sampling pitch can be
a function of the density.
3.14
density contrast sensitivity
D
CS
minimum density variation of the film, which is resolved by the digitiser
This is mostly determined by the digitisation noise of the digitiser (quantum noise of the light de tor).
3.15
working range
D
WR
range of optical densities, where the digitiser guarantees a minimum density contrast sensitivity in one single
acquisition
Only in this density range the digitised data can be used for evaluation. Depending on the digitiser construction
there can be more than one working range, e.g. for brighter or darker films.
3.16
single acquisition
digitisation of one radiographic film performed with one single scan
The result of which is a collection of data not subject to any type of further processing. A unique set of parameters
of the digitisation system is used for this acquisition.
3.17
standard reference film
photographic image on an industrial radiographic film containing all of the reference targets described in this
document
3.18
targets
physical patterns on the standard reference film which are used to evaluate the digitiser
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4 Evaluation procedures
4.1 Evaluation of the characteristic transfer curve, density range, pixel size and density contrast
sensitivity
4.1.1 Stepped density target
For the measurement of the characteristic transfer curve, the density range and the density contrast sensitivity of
the digitiser a stepped density target on a reference radiograph (standard reference film) is required with the
following requirements:
to cover the optical density interval between D = 0,5 and D = 4,5;
the optical density spacing between 2 adjacent steps is not greater than D = 0,5;
the area of each step is at least 100 mm²;
a fine grain type film (system class C1 in EN 584-1) with light exposure shall be used to achieve a fine
granularity resulting into a film noise less than D = 0,01 (at 88,6 μm pixel size).
4.1.2 Characteristic transfer curve (CTC)
For
...
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