SIST EN 13262:2020
(Main)Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements
This European Standard specifies the characteristics of railway wheels for all track gauges.
This standard can also apply to light rail and tramway applications.
Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9 are defined in this standard.
NOTE 1: ERS8 has been integrated in this standard as an optimization of steel grades ER8 and ER9 in the context of RCF, and by taking into account European service experience e.g. BS 5892-3 in the UK.
Certain characteristics are defined according to a category 1 or a category 2. Category 1 is generally chosen when the operation train speed is higher than 200 km/h. Vehicles running at speeds lower than or equal to 200 km/h generally use wheels of Category 2.
These categories can sometimes be subdivided, depending upon the characteristics.
This standard is applicable to solid forged and rolled wheels which are made from vacuum degassed steel and have a chilled rim. They are to have already been used in commercial conditions on a European network in a significant quantity, or to have satisfied a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979-1 for their design.
Annex A describes the assessment process for acceptance of new materials not cited in this standard.
The standard defines the wheel product requirements; the technical approval procedure is not within the scope of this standard.
NOTE 2: Rim-chilled describes heat treatment of the rim, the aim of which is to harden the rim and to create compressive residual stresses in the rim.
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Räder - Produktanforderungen
Das vorliegende Dokument legt die Eigenschaften von Eisenbahnrädern für alle Spurweiten fest.
Das vorliegende Dokument kann auch auf Stadtbahnanwendungen und Straßenbahnen angewendet werden.
Im vorliegenden Dokument werden fünf Stahlgüten, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 und ER9, definiert.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Stahlgüte ERS8 wurde im vorliegenden Dokument als eine optimierte Variante der Stahlgüten ER8 und ER9 in Hinsicht der Rollkontaktermüdung und unter Berücksichtigung von Erfahrungswerten aus dem europäischen Bahnbetrieb, z. B. aus der in Großbritannien geltenden Norm BS 5892-3, eingeführt.
Bestimmte Eigenschaften sind in Kategorie 1 oder Kategorie 2 festgelegt. Die Kategorie 1 ist generell dann zu wählen, wenn die Betriebsgeschwindigkeit über 200 km/h liegt. Bei Fahrzeugen mit einer Betriebsgeschwindigkeit unter 200 km/h werden generell Räder der Kategorie 2 gewählt.
Für einige Eigenschaften können diese Kategorien noch unterteilt werden.
Dieses Dokument gilt für geschmiedete und gewalzte Vollräder, die aus vakuumentgastem Stahl hergestellt werden und eine Radkranzvergütung erhalten haben. Sie müssen bereits in einer bedeutenden Anzahl und unter kommerziellen Bedingungen in einem europäischen Eisenbahnnetz eingesetzt sein oder die Konstruktion muss eine Zulassungsprüfung nach EN 13979-1 bestanden haben.
Anhang A beschreibt das Bewertungsverfahren für die Zulassung neuer Werkstoffe, die im vorliegenden Dokument nicht behandelt werden.
Das vorliegende Dokument legt die Produkt Anforderungen fest, die für Räder erfüllt werden müssen; das technische Zulassungsverfahren ist nicht Bestandteil des Anwendungsbereichs des vorliegenden Dokuments.
ANMERKUNG 2 Eine "Radkranzvergütung" wird durch Wärmebehandlung erreicht, deren Ziel die Härtung des Radkranzes und die Schaffung von Druckeigenspannungen ist.
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Roues - Prescriptions pour le produit
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques des roues ferroviaires, utilisées pour tous les écartements de voie.
Le présent document peut aussi s’appliquer aux applications de rail léger et aux tramways.
Cinq nuances d’acier, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 et ER9, sont définies dans le présent document.
NOTE 1 La nuance d’acier ERS8 a été introduite dans le présent document en tant qu’optimisation des nuances d’acier ER8 et ER9 dans le cadre de la RCF, et en tenant compte du retour d’expérience du service en Europe, par exemple la Norme BS 5892-3 en vigueur au Royaume Uni.
Certaines caractéristiques sont définies en fonction d’une catégorie 1 ou d’une catégorie 2. La catégorie 1 est généralement choisie quand la vitesse opérationnelle est supérieure à 200 km/h. Les véhicules circulant à des vitesses inférieures ou égales à 200 km/h utilisent généralement des roues de catégorie 2.
Pour certaines caractéristiques, ces catégories peuvent être subdivisées.
Ce document s'applique à des roues monobloc, en acier dégazé sous vide, forgées et laminées, à jante traitée en surface, qui ont déjà fait l'objet d'applications étendues en service commercial sur un réseau européen ou qui ont satisfait à une procédure d'homologation technique selon le document EN 13979-1 destinée à valider leur conception.
L’Annexe A décrit le processus d’évaluation pour l’acceptation de nouveaux matériaux qui ne sont pas repris dans le présent document.
Le présent document définit les exigences devant être satisfaites pour les roues ; la procédure d’approbation technique ne fait pas partie du domaine d’application du présent document.
NOTE 2 Une « jante traitée en surface » s'obtient par un traitement thermique dont le but est de durcir la jante et d'y créer des contraintes résiduelles de compression.
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Kolesa - Zahtevane lastnosti proizvoda
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13262:2020
01-november-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13262:2004+A2:2011
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Kolesa - Zahtevane
lastnosti proizvoda
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Räder - Produktanforderungen
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Roues - Prescriptions pour le
produitTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13262:2020
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
SIST EN 13262:2020 fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13262:2020
EN 13262
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13262:2004+A2:2011
English Version
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels -
Product requirements
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -
Roues - Prescriptions pour le produit Räder - ProduktanforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13262:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 13262:2020
EN 13262:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1 European scope ................................................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Product definition ............................................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 Chemical composition .................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 Values to be obtained ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 Sampling position ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.1.3 Chemical analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Mechanical characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2.1 Characteristics from the tensile testing ............................................................................................................... 10
4.2.2 Hardness characteristics in the rim ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.3 Impact resistance characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 14
4.2.4 Fatigue characteristics ................................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2.5 Toughness characteristics of the rim .................................................................................................................... 15
4.3 Heat treatment homogeneity ................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Values to be obtained .................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.3.2 Test pieces ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.3.3 Test method ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Material cleanliness ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness ........................................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.2 Internal integrity ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Residual stresses ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
4.5.2 Values to be obtained .................................................................................................................................................. 22
4.5.3 Test piece .......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.5.4 Measurement methods ............................................................................................................................................... 22
4.6 Surface characteristics ................................................................................................................................................ 22
4.6.1 Surface finish................................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.6.2 Surface condition for the oil injection hole ........................................................................................................ 23
4.6.3 Surface integrity ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
4.7 Geometrical tolerances ............................................................................................................................................... 24
4.7.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.7.2 Wear groove .................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.8 Static imbalance ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
4.9 Corrosion protection ................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.10 Marking ............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
5 Product qualification .................................................................................................................................... 29
6 Conditions of supply of the product ....................................................................................................... 29
7 Tips for choosing the steel grade ............................................................................................................. 29
Annexe A (normative) Evaluation process for the acceptance of new materials ................................. 30
A.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 30
A.2 First step: Characterisation of a new steel grade ............................................................................. 30
A.3 Step two: Testing in service ....................................................................................................................... 30
A.4 Step three: Report .......................................................................................................................................... 31
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EN 13262:2020 (E)
Annexe B (informative) Examples of test benches for fatigue testing ...................................................... 32
B.1 Test piece ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
B.2 First test method ............................................................................................................................................. 32
B.2.1 Test rig ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
B.2.2 Test control ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
B.3 Second test method ....................................................................................................................................... 33
B.3.1 Test rig ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
B.3.2 Control of the test ........................................................................................................................................... 34
B.4 Third test method ........................................................................................................................................... 34
B.4.1 Test rig ................................................................................................................................................................ 34
B.4.2 Control of the test ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Annexe C (informative) Strain gauge method of determining the variation in circumferential
residual stresses deep under the running surface (destructive method) ............................. 36
C.1 Method principle ............................................................................................................................................. 36
C.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
C.2.1 Strain gauge equipment for a section of the rim before cutting the wheel (Figure C.1) . 36
C.2.2 Making the cuts (Figure C.2) ...................................................................................................................... 36
C.2.3 Operations to be performed during cutting ........................................................................................ 37
C.3 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential residual stress deep under the
running surface ............................................................................................................................................... 37
C.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 37
C.3.2 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential stress produced by cutting
operation no. 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 37
C.3.3 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential stress produced by cutting
operation no. 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 38
C.3.4 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential stress produced by cutting
operation no. 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 38
C.3.5 Final diagram showing the variation of the circumferential stress deep under the
running surface ............................................................................................................................................... 38
Annexe D (normative) Product qualification ....................................................................................................... 41
D.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
D.2 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 41
D.3 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 42
D.3.1 Requirements to be met by the manufacturing process ............................................................... 42
D.3.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 42
D.3.1.2 Quality organisation ...................................................................................................................................... 42
D.3.1.3 Staff qualification ............................................................................................................................................ 42
D.3.1.4 Equipment ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
D.3.2 Requirements to be met by the product ............................................................................................... 42
D.4 Qualification procedure ............................................................................................................................... 42
D.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 42
D.4.2 Documentation required ............................................................................................................................. 43
D.4.3 Evaluation of production facilities and production process ........................................................ 43
D.4.4 Laboratory tests .............................................................................................................................................. 44
D.4.5 Wheel tests ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
D.4.5.1 Extended production control .................................................................................................................... 44
D.4.5.2 Commissioning ................................................................................................................................................ 45
D.4.5.3 Result of monitoring in service ................................................................................................................ 45
D.5 Validity of the qualification ........................................................................................................................ 45
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EN 13262:2020 (E)
D.5.1 Condition of validity ...................................................................................................................................... 45
D.5.2 Modification and extension ........................................................................................................................ 45
D.5.3 Transfer .............................................................................................................................................................. 45
D.5.4 Expiry .................................................................................................................................................................. 46
D.5.5 Withdrawal ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
D.6 Qualification record ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Annexe E (normative) Conditions of supply of the product .......................................................................... 47
E.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
E.2 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 47
E.3 Delivery states ................................................................................................................................................. 48
E.4 Unit checks ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
E.5 Batch sampling check ................................................................................................................................... 48
E.5.1 Checks to be carried out .............................................................................................................................. 48
E.5.2 Batch homogeneity by measuring rim hardness .............................................................................. 49
E.5.3 Orientation of residual stresses on treated wheels ......................................................................... 50
E.5.4 Visual inspection ............................................................................................................................................. 50
E.6 Quality plan ....................................................................................................................................................... 50
E.6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 50
E.6.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
E.6.3 Methods of application ................................................................................................................................. 50
E.7 Permissible repairs ........................................................................................................................................ 51
E.8 Retest ................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Annexe F (normative) Measurement of the hydrogen content at the time of development of
steel for monobloc wheels .......................................................................................................................... 52
F.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 52
F.2 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
F.3 Analysis method .............................................................................................................................................. 52
F.4 Precautions ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
Annexe G (informative) Common applications of steel grades .................................................................... 53
Annexe ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2016/797/EC to be met ........................................................................ 54
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 57
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EN 13262:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13262:2020) has been prepared by the CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”
Technical Committee, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, by March 2021 at the latest, and all conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn no later than March 2021.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights or similar rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying all or
some of these patent rights.This document supersedes EN 13262:2004+A2:2011.
This document has been prepared within the framework of a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports the essential requirements of
Directive 2016/797/EC.For the relationship with Directive 2016/797/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which forms an integral
part of this document.For a description of the technical changes made in this new edition, see the Introduction.
The informative annexes to this document provide additional guidance that is not mandatory but that
helps to understand or use the document.NOTE The informative annexes may contain optional requirements. For example, a test method that is
optional, or presented as an example, may contain requirements, but it is not necessary to meet these
requirements to be in compliance with the document.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are required to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the
Republic of North Macedonia, the Republic of Serbia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN 13262:2020
EN 13262:2020 (E)
Introduction
Since its first edition in 2004, the use of this document has shown the need for clarification and
improvements.The most important changes are due to the difficulties encountered in product testing.
Some parameters were not sufficiently precise and could be misinterpreted (e.g. collection of test pieces,
conditions of use, interpretation of measurement).Another development is the introduction of a new material, ERS8, which can provide increased
resistance to contact fatigue (RCF).In order to anticipate requests for the introduction of other grades, an evaluation process for the
acceptance of new materials has been added.The product requirements have been harmonised in the three documents concerning the wheelsets,
wheels and axles.In addition, the annexes concerning the qualification of the product and the conditions of supply of the
product, which were previously informative, have been modified taking the feedback into account and
have become normative.Also, the “freight wagon” and “locomotive and passenger vehicle” TSIs require the existence of a
production verification process.---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN 13262:2020
EN 13262:2020 (E)
1 European scope
This document specifies the characteristics of railway wheels, used for all track gauges.
This document applies to heavy railway vehicles but may also apply to other applications such as light
railway vehicles, trams or underground systems. Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9, are
defined in this document.NOTE 1 Steel grade ERS8 has been introduced in this document as an optimisation of steel grades ER8 and ER9
due to contact fatigue (RCF), taking into account service feedback from Europe, for example, BS 5892-3 in force in
the United Kingdom.Some features are provided as a Category 1 or Category 2 function.
The requirements defined in this standard apply to cylindrical bores. Most requirements also apply to
wheels with tapered bores. Specific requirements for tapered bores (e.g. geometrical dimensions, etc.)
are defined in the technical specification.This document applies to monobloc wheels in vacuum degassed steel, forged and rolled, with surface
treated rims, which have already been the subject of extensive commercial applications on a European
network or have complied with a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979 – 1: 2019 to
validate their design.Annex A describes the evaluation process for accepting new materials that are not included in this
document.This document defines the requirements to be met for wheels; the technical approval procedure is not
part of the scope of this document.NOTE 2 A "surface-treated rim" is achieved by heat treatment which aims to harden the rim and create
compressive residual stress.2 Normative references
The following documents referred to in the text constitute, for all or part of their content, requirements
of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the last
edition of the reference document applies (including any amendments).EN 10020:2000, Definition and classification of grades of steel
EN 13979-1:2020, Railway Applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Monobloc wheels – Technical approval
procedure – Part 1: Forged and rolled wheelsEN ISO 148-1:2018, Metallic materials – Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1)
EN ISO 1101:2017, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out (ISO 1101)EN ISO 6506-1:2014, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005)
EN ISO 6892-1:2016, Metallic materials – Tensile testing – Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1)EN ISO 14284:2002, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of
chemical composition (ISO 14284:1996)---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN 13262:2020
EN 13262:2020 (E)
ASTM E399-19, Standa
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