SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test (ISO 22476-4:2012)

This document deals with equipment requirements, the execution of and reporting on the Ménard pressurermeter test as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
The present document describes the procedure for conducting a Ménard pressuremeter test in natural soils, treated or untreated fills and in soft rocks, either on land or off-shore.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4: Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard (ISO 22476-4:2012)

Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 legt Anforderungen an die Ausrüstung, die Durchführung und die Berichte in Zusammenhang
mit dem Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 erfüllt die Anforderungen an den Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard als
Teil der geotechnischen Erkundung und Untersuchung nach EN 1997-1 und EN 1997-2.
Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 beschreibt das Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Pressiometerversuchs nach
Ménard in natürlichen Böden, behandelten oder unbehandelten Aufschüttungen sowie Weichgestein, zur
Anwendung entweder an Land oder vor der Küste.
Die Ergebnisse des Pressiometerversuchs nach diesem Teil von ISO 22476 sind für eine quantitative
Bestimmung der Festigkeits- und Verformungsparameter von Boden geeignet. Sie können lithologische
Angaben liefern. Sie können auch mit der direkten Erkundung (z. B. Probenahme nach ISO 22475-1)
kombiniert oder mit weiteren In-situ-Versuchen verglichen werden (siehe EN 1997-2:2007, 2.4.1.4 (2)P,
4.1 (1)P und 4.2.3 (2)P).
Der Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard erfolgt durch radiale Ausdehnung einer in den Baugrund eingebrachten
Messsonde aus drei Zellen (siehe Bild 1). Während des Einpressens des Flüssigkeitsvolumens in
die Messsonde bewirkt das Aufdehnen der drei Zellen zunächst, dass der Außenmantel der Messsonde die
Vorbohrungswandung berührt, und übt dann einen Druck auf diese aus, was schließlich zu einer Verdrängung
des Bodens führt. Der ausgeübte Druck und die zugehörige Volumenzunahme der Messsonde werden
gemessen und aufgezeichnet, um das Verhältnis von Belastung und Verformung des Bodens im Untersuchungszustand
zu ermitteln.
Gemeinsam mit den verfügbaren Ergebnissen der Untersuchungen nach ISO 22476-1 oder zumindest mit der
während der Durchführung des Pressiometerversuchs ermittelten Identifizierung und Beschreibung des
Baugrunds nach ISO 14688-1 und ISO 14689-1 sind die nach diesem Teil von ISO 22476 erzielten Prüfergebnisse
geeignet für die quantitative Bestimmung eines Bodenprofils, einschließlich des:
 Ménard-Pressiometer-Moduls, EM;
 Grenzdruckes, pLM; und
 Ménard-Pressiometerkriechdruckes, pf.
Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 bezieht sich auf eine Sonde, die traditionell als 60-mm-Messsonde der Bauart G
beschrieben wird. Dieser Teil von ISO 22476 gilt für auf 50 m begrenzte Versuchstiefen und einen auf 5 MPa
begrenzten Versuchsdruck.
ANMERKUNG 2 Der Pressiometerversuch nach

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 4: Essai au pressiomètre Ménard (ISO 22476-4:2012)

L'ISO 22476-4:2012 spécifie des exigences relatives à l'équipement, à l'exécution et aux rapports pour un essai au pressiomètre Ménard.
Elle décrit la procédure pour conduire un essai au pressiomètre Ménard dans des sols naturels, dans des couches traitées ou non traitées et dans des roches fragiles, sur terre ou en milieu maritime.
Les résultats des essais permettent une détermination quantitative de la résistance du sol et des paramètres de déformation. Ils peuvent fournir des informations lithologiques. Ils peuvent aussi être combinés avec des investigations directes (par exemple des essais conformes à l'ISO 22475-1 ou comparés à d'autres essais in-situ (voir l'EN 1997-2:2007, 2.4.1.4 P, 4.1 (1) P et 4.2.3(2) P).
L'essai au pressiomètre Ménard est réalisé par la dilatation radiale d'une sonde tricellulaire placée dans le sol. Au cours de l'injection de liquide dans la sonde, la dilatation des trois cellules provoque d'abord l'entrée en contact de la gaine de la sonde avec les parois du trou de forage, puis y exerce une pression, ce qui donne lieu à un refoulement du sol. La pression appliquée à la sonde et la dilatation volumique associée de cette dernière sont mesurées et enregistrées de manière à déterminer la relation contrainte-déformation du sol lors de l'essai.
Conjointement avec les résultats des investigations conformes à l'ISO 22475-1 disponibles, ou au moins avec l'identification et la description du sol conformément à l'ISO 14688-1 et à l'ISO 14689-1 obtenues lors des opérations d'essai au pressiomètre, les résultats d'essai du présent document conviennent pour la caractérisation quantitative du profil de sol, qui inclut le module Ménard (EM) la pression limite (pLM) et la pression de fluage Ménard (pf).
L'ISO 22476-4:2012 fait référence à une sonde décrite historiquement comme la sonde de type G de 60 mm. Elle s'applique à des profondeurs d'essai limitées à 50 m et à une pression d'essai ne dépassant pas 5 MPa.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje na terenu - 4. del: Preskus z Ménardovim presiometrom (ISO 22476-4:2012)

Ta del standarda ISO 22476 določa zahteve glede opreme, izvajanja preskusa z Ménardovim presiometrom ter poročanja v zvezi z njim. OPOMBA 1 Ta del standarda ISO 22476 izpolnjuje zahteve za preskus z Ménardovim presiometrom v okviru geotehničnega preiskovanja in preskušanja v skladu s standardoma EN 1997-1 in EN 1997-2. Ta del standarda ISO 22476 opisuje postopek za izvajanje preskusa z Ménardovim presiometrom v naravnih tleh, obdelanih ali neobdelanih polnilih in v šibkih kamninah na kopnem ali na morju. Rezultati preskusa s presiometrom iz tega dela standarda ISO 22476 so ustrezni za kvantitativno določevanje parametrov trdnosti in deformacije tal. Zagotovijo lahko litološke podatke. Kombinirati jih je mogoče z neposrednimi raziskavami (npr. vzorčenje v skladu s standardom ISO 22475-1) ali primerjati z drugimi preskusi na kraju samem (glej odstavke 2.4.1.4(2), 4.1(1) in 4.2.3(2) standarda EN 1997-2:2007). Preskus z Ménardovim presiometrom se izvede z radialno razširitvijo tricelične sonde v tleh (glej sliko 1). Med vbrizganjem volumna tekočine v sondo zaradi napihovanja treh celic pride zunanji pokrov sonde v stik s steno žepka in nato pritisne nanje, kar povzroči premik tal. Pritisk na sondo in povezano povečanje volumna sonde se izmerita in zabeležita, da se pridobi odvisnost med napetostmi in deformacijami tal med preskusom. Skupaj z rezultati preiskav s standardom ISO 22475-1 na voljo ali vsaj z opredelitvijo in opisom tal v skladu s standardoma ISO 14688-1 in ISO 14689-1, kar se pridobi med operacijami preskusa s presiometrom, so rezultati preskusa tega dela standarda ISO 22476 primerni za kvantitativno določevanje profila tal, vključno z
– Ménardovim modulom EM,
– Ménardovim mejnim tlakom pLM in
– Ménardovim tlakom lezenja pfM.
Ta del standarda ISO 22476 se nanaša na sondo, ki se je v preteklosti opisovala kot 60-mm sonda tipa G. Ta del standarda ISO 22476 se uporablja za preskusne globine, omejene na 50 m, in preskusni tlak, omejen na 5 MPa. OPOMBA 2: Preskusi z Ménardovim presiometrom se izvajajo z drugimi premeri sond in dimenzijami žepov, kot je prikazano
spodaj.
Dve alternativni metodi merjenja sta navedeni spodaj.
– Postopek A: podatki se beležijo ročno.
– Postopek B: podatki se beležijo samodejno.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Sep-2012
• Publication Date: 21-May-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 07-Nov-2021
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON.007 - Geotechnics
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 29-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 08-Nov-2021
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22476-4:2012 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test (ISO 22476-4:2012)

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2021 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Prebored pressuremeter test by Ménard procedure (ISO 22476-4:2021)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
01-junij-2013
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHQDWHUHQXGHO3UHVNXV
]0pQDUGRYLPSUHVLRPHWURP,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test
(ISO 22476-4:2012)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4:
Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard (ISO 22476-4:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 4: Essai au
pressiomètre Ménard (ISO 22476-4:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22476-4:2012
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22476-4

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2012
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test (ISO 22476-4:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
- Partie 4: Essai au pressiomètre Ménard (ISO 22476- Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4: Pressiometerversuch nach
4:2012) Ménard (ISO 22476-4:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-4:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
EN ISO 22476-4:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
EN ISO 22476-4:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 22476-4:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
3

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22476-4
First edition
2012-12-01
Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing —
Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais en place —
Partie 4: Essai au pressiomètre de Ménard
Reference number
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 4
4 Equipment . 6
4.1 General description . 6
4.2 Pressuremeter probe . 7
4.3 Pressure and volume control unit (CU) . 11
4.4 Connecting lines . 11
4.5 Injected liquid . 11
4.6 Measurement and control . 11
4.7 Data logger .12
5 Test procedure .12
5.1 Assembling the parts .12
5.2 Calibration and corrections .12
5.3 Pressuremeter pocket and probe placing .12
5.4 Preparation for testing .13
5.5 Establishing the loading programme .13
5.6 Establishing the differential pressure .14
5.7 Expansion .15
5.8 Back-filling of the pockets .15
5.9 Safety requirements .15
6 Test results .16
6.1 Data sheet and field print-out .16
6.2 Corrected pressuremeter curve .17
6.3 Calculated results .17
7 Reporting .18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Field report .18
7.3 Test report .18
Annex A (normative) Geometrical features of pressuremeter probes .20
Annex B (normative) Calibration and corrections .23
Annex C (normative) Placing the pressuremeter probe in the ground .31
Annex D (normative) Obtaining pressuremeter parameters .38
Annex E (normative) Resolution and uncertainties .46
Annex F (normative) Pressuremeter test records .47
Bibliography .51
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22476-4 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing:
— Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration test
— Part 2: Dynamic probing
— Part 3: Standard penetration test
— Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test
— Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
— Part 7: Borehole jack test
— Part 9: Field vane test
— Part 10: Weight sounding test [Technical Specification]
— Part 11: Flat dilatometer test [Technical Specification]
— Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM)
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22476 specifies the equipment requirements, execution of and reporting on the Ménard
pressuremeter test.
NOTE 1 This part of ISO 22476 fulfils the requirements for the Ménard pressurermeter test, as part of the geotechnical
investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
This part of ISO 22476 describes the procedure for conducting a Ménard pressuremeter test in natural soils,
treated or untreated fills and in weak rocks, either on land or off-shore.
The pressuremeter test results of this part of ISO 22476 are suited to a quantitative determination of ground
strength and deformation parameters. They may yield lithological information. They can also be combined with
direct investigation (e.g. sampling according to ISO 22475-1) or compared with other in situ tests (see EN 1997-
2:2007, 2.4.1.4(2) P, 4.1 (1) P and 4.2.3(2) P).
The Ménard pressuremeter test is performed by the radial expansion of a tricell probe placed in the ground
(see Figure 1). During the injection of the liquid volume in the probe, the inflation of the three cells first brings
the outer cover of the probe into contact with the pocket wall and then presses on them resulting in a soil
displacement. Pressure applied to and the associated volume expansion of the probe are measured and
recorded so as to obtain the stress-strain relationship of the soil as tested.
Together with results of investigations with ISO 22475-1 being available, or at least with identification and
description of the ground according to ISO 14688-1 and ISO 14689-1 obtained during the pressuremeter test
operations, the test results of this part of ISO 22476 are suited to the quantitative determination of a ground
profile, including
— the Ménard E
modulus,
M
— the Ménard limit pressure p and
LM
— the Ménard creep pressure p .
fM
This part of ISO 22476 refers to a probe historically described as the 60 mm G type probe. This part of
ISO 22476 applies to test depths limited to 50 m and test pressure limited to 5 MPa.
NOTE 2 Ménard pressuremeter tests are carried out with other probe diameters and pocket dimensions such as shown
below.
Probe Drilling diameter (mm)
Designation Diameter (mm) min max
AX 44 46 52
BX 58 60 66
NX 70/74 74 80
Two alternative methods of measurement are provided as follows.
— Procedure A: data are recorded manually.
— Procedure B: data are recorded automatically.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of rock — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods and groundwater measurements —
Part 1: Technical principles for execution
ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
pressuremeter
whole equipment which is used to carry out a Ménard pressuremeter test, excluding the means necessary to
place the pressuremeter probe into the ground
NOTE 1 A pressuremeter includes a pressuremeter probe, a pressure and volume control unit, called CU, lines to
connect the probe to the CU and, in the case of procedure B, a data logger which is either built into the CU or linked to it.
NOTE 2 See Figure 2.
3.1.2
pressuremeter test pocket
circular cylindrical cavity formed in the ground to receive a pressuremeter probe
3.1.3
pressuremeter borehole
borehole in which pressuremeter pockets with circular cross sections are made in the ground, and into which
the pressuremeter probe is to be placed
3.1.4
pressuremeter test
process during which a pressuremeter probe is inflated in the ground and the resulting pocket expansion is
measured by volume as a function of time and pressure increments according to a defined programme
NOTE See Figure 4 and F.1.
3.1.5
pressuremeter sounding
whole series of sequential operations necessary to perform Ménard pressuremeter testing at a given location,
i.e. forming pressuremeter test pockets and performing pressuremeter tests in them
NOTE See F.2.
3.1.6
pressuremeter pressure reading, p
r
pressure p as read at the CU elevation in the liquid circuit supplying the central measuring cell
r
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
3.1.7
pressure loss
difference between the pressure inside the probe and the pressure applied to the pocket wall
3.1.8
volume loss
difference between the volume actually injected into the probe and the volume read on the measuring device
3.1.9
raw pressuremeter curve
graphical plot of the injected volumes recorded at time 60 s, V , versus the applied pressure at each
60
pressure hold, p
r
3.1.10
corrected pressuremeter curve
graphical plot of the corrected volume V versus the corrected pressure p
NOTE See Figure 5.
3.1.11
Ménard creep
difference in volumes recorded at 60 s and at 30 s at each pressure hold: V − V = ΔV
60 30 60/30
3.1.12
corrected Ménard creep curve
graphical plot of the corrected Ménard creep versus the corrected applied pressure at each pressure hold
NOTE See Figure 5.
3.1.13
pressuremeter log
graphical report of the results of the pressuremeter tests performed in pockets at a succession of depths in the
same pressuremeter borehole, together with all the information gathered during the drilling
NOTE See Annex F.
3.1.14
Ménard pressuremeter modulus, E
M
E-modulus obtained from the section between (p V ) and (p V ) of the pressuremeter curve
1, 1 2, 2
NOTE See Figure 5 and Annex D.
3.1.15
Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure, p
LM
pressure at which the volume of the test pocket at the depth of the measuring cell has doubled its original volume
NOTE See Annex D.
3.1.16
pressuremeter creep pressure, p
fM
pressure derived from the creep curve
NOTE See Annex D.
3.1.17
operator
qualified person who carries out the test
3.1.18
casing
lengths of tubing inserted into a borehole to prevent the hole caving in or to prevent the loss of flushing medium
to the surrounding formation, above pocket location
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
3
a Apparatus volume loss coefficient cm /MPa
d Outside diameter of the inner part of the probe with slotted tube mm
ci
d Inside diameter of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration mm
i
Outside diameter of the central measuring cell, including any additional protection such as a
d mm
c
slotted tube
d Drilling tool diameter mm
t
e Wall thickness of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration mm
l Length of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration mm
p
l Length of each guard cell mm
g
l Length of each guard cell for a short central measuring cell pressuremeter probe mm
gs
l Length of each guard cell for a long central measuring cell pressuremeter probe mm
gl
l Length along the tube axis of the slotted section of the slotted tube mm
m
l Length of the central measuring cell of the probe, measured after fitting the membrane mm
c
l Length of the short central measuring cell after fitting the membrane mm
cs
l Length of the long central measuring cell after fitting the membrane mm
cl
3
m Minimum value, strictly positive, of the m slopes cm /MPa
E i
Slope of the corrected pressuremeter curve between the two points with coordinates (p ,
i-1
3
m cm /MPa
i
V ) and (p , V ).
i-1 i i
p Pressure applied by the probe to the ground after correction MPa
p Correction for membrane stiffness usually called pressure loss of the probe MPa
e
p Pressure at the origin of the segment exhibiting the slope m MPa
E E
p Ultimate pressure loss of the probe MPa
el
p Pressuremeter creep pressure MPa
fM
Gas pressure applied by the control unit indicator to the guard cells of the pressuremeter
p MPa
g
probe
Hydrostatic pressure between the control unit indicator and the central measuring cell of the
p MPa
h
pressuremeter probe
p Gas pressure in the guard cells MPa
k
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPa
LM
p * Ménard net pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPa
LM
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the hyperbolic best fit method MPa
LMH
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the double hyperbolic method MPa
LMDH
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the reciprocal curve method MPa
LMR
p Pressure loss of the central measuring cell membrane for a specific expansion MPa
m
p Pressure reading at the CU transducer elevation in the central measuring cell liquid circuit MPa
r
p Liquid pressure in the central measuring cell of the pressuremeter probe MPa
c
p Target pressure for each pressure hold according to loading programme MPa
t
p Corrected pressure at the origin of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range MPa
1
p Corrected pressure at the end of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range MPa
2
t Time s
t Time required for incrementing to the next pressure hold s
i
t Time the loading pressure level is held s
h
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description Unit
u Pore water pressure in the ground at the depth of the test MPa
s
z Elevation, positively counted above datum m
z Elevation of the pressure measuring device for the liquid injected in the measuring cell m
c
Elevation of the pressure measuring device for the gas injected in the guard cells of the
z m
cg
pressuremeter probe
z Elevation of the ground surface at the location of the pressuremeter sounding m
N
z Elevation of the measuring cell centre during testing m
p
z Elevation of the ground water table (or free water surface in a marine or river environment) m
w
CU Pressure and volume control unit —
Type of pressuremeter probe where the three cells are formed by three separate
E —
membranes in line
E Ménard pressuremeter modulus MPa
M
Type of pressuremeter probe where the central measuring cell is formed by a dedicated
G —
membrane over which an external membrane is fitted to form the guard cells (see Figure 2)
K Coefficient of earth pressure at rest at the test depth —
o
Value, after zeroing and data correction, of the volume injected in the central measuring cell
3
V cm
and measured 60 s after starting a pressure hold
3
V Original volume of the central measuring cell, including the slotted tube, if applicable cm
c
3
V The average corrected volume between V and V cm
m 1 2
3
V Volume obtained in the volume loss calibration test (see Figure B.2) cm
p
Value, after data correction, of the volume injected in the central measuring cell for pressure
3
V cm
E
p
E
Value, after data correction, of the volume injected in the central measuring cell when the
3
V cm
L
original volume of the pressuremeter cavity has doubled
3
V Volume injected in the probe as read on the CU, before data correction cm
r
3
V Volume of the central measuring cell possibly including the slotted tube cm
t
3
V Corrected volume at the origin of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range (see Figure 5) cm
1
3
V Corrected volume at the end of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range cm
2
Volume injected in the central measuring cell as read 30 s after the beginning of the
3
V cm
30
pressure hold
Volume injected in the central measuring cell as read 60 s after the beginning of the
3
V cm
60
pressure hold
β Coefficient used to determine the pressuremeter modulus pressure range —
3
γ
Unit weight of soil at the time of testing KN/m
3
γ Unit weight of the liquid injected in the central measuring cell KN/m
i
3
γ Unit weight of water KN/m
w
−1
λ Rate of change of pressure head of gas at p per metre depth m
g k
ν Poisson’s ratio —
σ Total vertical stress in the ground at test depth kPa
vs
σ Total horizontal stress in the ground at test elevation kPa
hs
Δp Loading pressure increment MPa
Δp Initial pressure increment MPa
1
Injected volume change from 30 s to 60 s after reaching the pressure hold − the Ménard
3
ΔV cm
60/30
creep
3
ΔV 60 s injected volume change between successive pressure holds cm
60/60
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
4 Equipment
4.1 General description
The principle of the Ménard pressuremeter test is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 ground surface
2 ground
3 pocket
4 expanding pressuremeter probe
p applied pressure
A–A axial section
B–B cross section
Figure 1 — Principle of a Ménard pressuremeter test
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22476-4:2013
ISO 22476-4:2012(E)
The pressuremeter as shown schematically in Figure 2 shall include:
— tri-cell probe;
— string of rods to handle the probe;
— control unit (CU);
— lines connecting the control unit to the probe.
The control unit (CU) shall include:
— equipment to pressurize, and so to inflate the probe, and to maintain constant pressures as required
during the test;
— equipment to maintain an appropriate pressure difference between the central measuring cell and the
guard cells;
— device which permits the direct reading and, in the case of procedure B, the automatic recording of the
parameters to be measured: time, pressure and volume.
The pressure measuring devices for the liquid in the central measuring cell and for the gas in the guard cells
shall be located either
— above the ground surface, or
— inside the probe, less than 1 m above the centre of the central measuring cell.
In the first case, the CU shall be provided with means to check the stabilized pressure value at the probe.
Some means of measuring the depth of the test with appropriate accuracy shall be provided.
4.2 Pressuremeter probe
Two types of probe shall be used according to ground type and condition:
— probe with a flexible cover;
— probe with a flexible cover and either an additional more rigid protection or a slotted steel tube.
These probes are described in Figure 3 a) and Figure 3 b), respectively, and their geometrical features are
given in Table A.1.
When the probe is driven or pushed into the ground (see C.3), it shall be fitted with the more rigid protection or
a slotted tube together with a extension tube completed by either a point or a cutting shoe.
NOTE If no slotted tube is involved, the p
...