SIST EN 61284:1999

Overhead lines - Requirements and tests for fittings

Applies to fittings for overhead lines of nominal voltage above 45 kV. It may also be applied to fittings for overhead lines of lower nominal voltage and to similar fittings for substations.

Freileitungen - Anforderungen und Prüfungen für Armaturen

Lignes aériennes - Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipement

S'applique au matériel d'équipement pour lignes aériennes dont la tension nominale dépasse 45 kV. Il est possible de l'appliquer également aux matériels d'équipement pour lignes aériennes dont la tension nominale est inférieure et à un matériel d'équipement similaire pour les postes.

Nadzemni vodi - Zahteve in preskusi za obesno opremo (IEC 61284:1997)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-1999
• ICS: 29.240.20 - Power transmission and distribution lines
• Technical Committee: NVV - Overhead lines and overhead electrical conductors
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Nov-1999
• Due Date: 01-Nov-1999
• Completion Date: 01-Nov-1999
• Ref Project: EN 61284:1997 - Overhead lines - Requirements and tests for fittings

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61284:1999
01-november-1999
Nadzemni vodi - Zahteve in preskusi za obesno opremo (IEC 61284:1997)
Overhead lines - Requirements and tests for fittings
Freileitungen - Anforderungen und Prüfungen für Armaturen
Lignes aériennes - Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61284:1997
ICS:
29.240.20 Daljnovodi Power transmission and
distribution lines
SIST EN 61284:1999 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 61284:1999
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SIST EN 61284:1999
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SIST EN 61284:1999
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SIST EN 61284:1999
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61284
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
1997-09
Lignes aériennes –
Exigences et essais pour le matériel
d’équipement
Overhead lines –
Requirements and tests for fittings
 IEC 1997 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved

Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in

utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in

copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.

International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: [phone] e-mail: [e-mail] IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST EN 61284:1999
61284 © IEC:1997 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................... 9

Clause

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 11

2 Normative references................................................................................................................. 11

3 Definitions................................................................................................................................... 13

4 Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 17

4.1 General requirements.........................................................................................................17

4.1.1 Design.................................................................................................................... 17

4.1.2 Materials ................................................................................................................ 17

4.1.3 Dimensions and tolerances ................................................................................... 19

4.1.4 Protection against corrosion .................................................................................. 19

4.1.5 Marking .................................................................................................................. 19

4.1.6 Instructions for assembly ....................................................................................... 21

4.2 Requirements for specific fittings........................................................................................ 21

4.2.1 Insulator set fittings and earth wire fittings............................................................. 21

4.2.2 Suspension clamps................................................................................................ 23

4.2.3 Fittings for jointing, terminating and repairing conductor and earth wire ............... 25

4.2.4 Insulator protective fittings ..................................................................................... 25

5 Quality assurance....................................................................................................................... 27

6 Classification of tests – type tests, sample tests, routine tests .................................................. 27

6.1 Type tests ........................................................................................................................... 27

6.1.1 General .................................................................................................................. 27

6.1.2 Application ............................................................................................................. 27

6.2 Sample tests....................................................................................................................... 27

6.2.1 General .................................................................................................................. 27

6.2.2 Application ............................................................................................................. 31

6.2.3 Sampling and acceptance criteria.......................................................................... 31

6.3 Routine tests....................................................................................................................... 31

6.3.1 General .................................................................................................................. 31

6.3.2 Application and acceptance criteria ....................................................................... 31

7 Visual examination ..................................................................................................................... 31

8 Dimensional and material verification......................................................................................... 33

9 Hot dip galvanizing ..................................................................................................................... 33

10 Non-destructive testing............................................................................................................... 35

11 Mechanical tests......................................................................................................................... 35

11.1 Number of fittings to be tested ......................................................................................... 35

11.2 Test piece and attachments for mechanical damage and failure load tests,

conductors used in the mechanical tests......................................................................... 35

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61284 © IEC:1997 – 5 –
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11.3 Insulator set fittings and earth wire fittings....................................................................... 35

11.3.1 Mechanical damage and failure load test............................................................ 37

11.3.2 Mechanical damage and failure load test of the attachment point used

during erection..................................................................................................... 37

11.4 Suspension clamps.......................................................................................................... 37

11.4.1 Vertical damage load and failure load test .......................................................... 37

11.4.2 Slip test on standard clamps with a specified minimum and maximum

slip load ............................................................................................................... 39

11.4.3 Slip test on standard clamps with only specified minimum slip load................... 41

11.4.4 Slip test on controlled slippage clamps ............................................................... 41

11.4.5 Clamp bolt tightening test.................................................................................... 43

11.5 Tension clamps, dead-end tension joints and mid-span tension joints............................ 45

11.5.1 Tensile test.......................................................................................................... 45

11.5.2 Mechanical damage and failure load test............................................................ 47

11.5.3 Mechanical damage and failure load test of the attachment point used

during erection..................................................................................................... 47

11.5.4 Clamp bolt tightening test.................................................................................... 47

11.6 Partial tension fittings ....................................................................................................... 47

11.6.1 Partial tension fittings other than T connectors ................................................... 49

11.6.2 T connectors ....................................................................................................... 49

11.7 Repair sleeves ................................................................................................................. 49

11.8 Insulator protective fittings ...............................................................................................51

12 Magnetic losses test................................................................................................................... 51

12.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 51

12.2 Test procedure................................................................................................................. 51

13 Heat cycle tests .......................................................................................................................... 71

13.1 Purpose............................................................................................................................ 71

13.2 Joints................................................................................................................................ 71

13.2.1 General................................................................................................................ 71

13.2.2 Service temperatures .......................................................................................... 71

13.2.3 Classification for test purposes ........................................................................... 71

13.3 Test specimens................................................................................................................ 73

13.3.1 General................................................................................................................ 73

13.3.2 Multi-range connectors........................................................................................ 73

13.3.3 Preparation.......................................................................................................... 73

13.3.4 Data on test specimens....................................................................................... 73

13.4 Test arrangements...........................................................................................................73

13.4.1 Test conditions .................................................................................................... 73

13.4.2 Reference conductor........................................................................................... 75

13.4.3 Potential points.................................................................................................... 75

13.4.4 Installation of test loop......................................................................................... 75

13.4.5 Measurements .................................................................................................... 75

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61284 © IEC:1997 – 7 –
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13.5 Heat cycle test procedure ................................................................................................ 77

13.5.1 General................................................................................................................ 77

13.5.2 Joints of class A .................................................................................................. 79

13.5.3 Joints of class B .................................................................................................. 81

14 Corona and radio interference voltage (RIV) tests..................................................................... 83

14.1 Purpose............................................................................................................................ 83

14.2 Description of test methods ............................................................................................. 83

14.3 General ............................................................................................................................ 85

14.4 Test circuit and instruments............................................................................................. 87

14.5 Corona and RIV test procedures...................................................................................... 87

14.6 Acceptance criteria........................................................................................................... 89

14.7 Test report........................................................................................................................ 89

14.8 Voltage method................................................................................................................ 89

14.8.1 Adjacent conductors in a three-phase system .................................................... 89

14.8.2 Test set-up and dimensions................................................................................ 91

14.8.3 Critical variant...................................................................................................... 99

14.8.4 Distance from wall (reflection plane) w ............................................................... 99

14.8.5 Minimum clearance from adjacent live components........................................... 99

14.8.6 Metallic wall ......................................................................................................... 101

14.9 Voltage gradient method.................................................................................................. 101

14.9.1 Conductor voltage on three-phase system.......................................................... 101

14.9.2 Test set-up and dimensions................................................................................ 101

14.9.3 Test method ........................................................................................................ 101

Annexes

A Typical joint types ....................................................................................................... 105

B Typical test circuit – Class A joints .............................................................................. 107

C Typical test circuit – Class B joints .............................................................................. 109

D Diagrammatic representation of heat cycle test sequence............................................ 111

E Mathematical acceptance criterion .............................................................................. 113

F Examples of normative documents recommended for fitting materials ......................... 117

G Potential points ........................................................................................................... 121

H Test voltage calibration device .................................................................................... 123

I Example of sampling with inspection by attributes ....................................................... 129

J Example of sampling with inspection by variables........................................................ 131

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SIST EN 61284:1999
61284 © IEC:1997 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––
OVERHEAD LINES –
REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR FITTINGS
FOREWORD

1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote

international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To

this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is

entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may

participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising

with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization

for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two

organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an

international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation

from all interested National Committees.

3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form

of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.

4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International

Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any

divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly

indicated in the latter.

5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any

equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.

6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject

of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 61284 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead

lines.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1995 and constitutes a

technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
11/119/FDIS 11/133/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A, B, C, D and E form an integral part of this standard.
Annexes F, G, H, I and J are for information only.

The contents of the corrigendum of Septembre 1998 have been included in this copy.

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SIST EN 61284:1999
61284 © IEC:1997 – 11 –
OVERHEAD LINES –
REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR FITTINGS
1 Scope

This International Standard applies to fittings for overhead lines of nominal voltage above

45 kV. It may also be applied to fittings for overhead lines of lower nominal voltage and to

similar fittings for substations.
2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,

constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication of this standard,

the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties

to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the

possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below.

Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

IEC 60050(466): 1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 466:

Overhead lines

IEC 60060-1: 1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test

requirements

IEC 60120: 1984, Dimensions of ball and socket couplings of string insulator units

IEC 60372: 1984, Locking devices for ball and socket couplings of string insulator units –

Dimensions and tests

IEC 60471: 1977, Dimensions of clevis and tongue couplings of string insulator units

IEC 60826: 1991, Loading and strength of overhead transmission lines

IEC 61089: 1991, Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors

CISPR 16-1: 1993, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods – Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus

CISPR 18-2: 1986, Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage

equipment – Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits

ISO 1461,  Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products – Specifications

–––––––––
To be published.
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SIST EN 61284:1999
61284 © IEC:1997 – 13 –

ISO 9000-1: 1994, Quality management and quality assurance standards – Part 1: Guidelines

for selection and use

ISO 9001: 1994, Quality systems – Model for quality assurance in design, development,

production, installation and servicing

ISO 9002: 1994, Quality systems – Model for quality assurance in production, installation and

servicing

ISO 9003: 1994, Quality systems – Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test

ISO 9004-1: 1994, Quality management and quality system elements – Part 1: Guidelines

ISO 2859-1: 1989, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans

indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection

ISO 2859-2: 1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 2: Sampling plans

indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection

ISO 3951: 1989, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent non-

conforming
3 Definitions

For the purpose of this International Standard the following definitions apply. These definitions

are those which do not appear in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) or differ

from those given in the IEV.

3.1 ball and socket coupling: Coupling consisting of a ball, a socket and a locking device.

3.2 bimetallic fitting: Device which is suitable for jointing conductors of different materials.

3.3 characteristic dimension: Dimension of a component of the test circuit or of a fitting

which characterizes its effect on the electric field. In the case of a bundle, this dimension is

approximately the diameter of an enclosing circle; in the case of a corona ring or sphere, it is

its largest dimension, etc.

3.4 clevis and tongue coupling: Coupling consisting of a clevis, a tongue and a clevis pin or

bolt.

3.5 connector: Device for jointing one or more conductors or earth wires. It may be a tension

or non-tension fitting.

3.6 corona discharge: Electric discharge that only partially breaks down the gas insulation

around the fittings under test.

3.7 corona extinction: Voltage or conductor voltage gradient at which corona discharges

cease during a decreasing test voltage sequence.
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61284 © IEC:1997 – 15 –

3.8 corona inception: Voltage or conductor voltage gradient at which corona discharges

initiate during an increasing test voltage sequence.

3.9 earth wire fitting: Any component of an assembly for attaching an earth wire to a

supporting structure other than a suspension clamp, a tension fitting or a mechanical protective

fitting.

3.10 factory-formed helical conductor fitting: Fitting consisting of helically formed wires

which provide the force necessary to grip the conductor or earth wire by self-tightening.

3.11 insulator set fitting: Any component of a suspension or tension insulator set other than

a string insulator unit, a suspension clamp, a conductor tension fitting, an insulator protective

fitting or a mechanical protective fitting.

3.12 joint: Connector and that part of the conductor or earth wire that has been brought into

intimate contact with it by compression or other mechanical means.

3.13 mechanical damage load: Maximum load which can be applied to a fitting without an

unacceptable permanent deformation when the fitting is tested under specified test conditions.

NOTE – The unacceptable permanent deformation should be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.

3.14 mechanical failure load: Maximum load which can be applied to a fitting under

specified test conditions.

3.15 mechanical protective fitting: Any device attached to a conductor or to an earth wire

for their mechanical protection.

3.16 radio-interference voltage (RIV): Voltage in the radio frequency range produced by an

electromagnetic disturbance and which can be measured in accordance with CISPR 16 on the

test circuit equipped with the fitting.

3.17 spacer damper: Device which keeps apart the subconductors of a bundle in a given

geometrical configuration and is able to reduce aeolian vibrations and subspan oscillations of

the subconductors. [IEV 466-11-02, modified]

3.18 specified maximum radio-interference voltage: Maximum acceptable radio-interference

voltage at a specified test voltage or conductor voltage gradient. This is specified by the

purchaser or declared by the supplier.

3.19 specified minimum corona extinction: Minimum acceptable voltage or conductor

voltage gradient at which corona discharges cease. This is specified by the purchaser or

declared by the supplier.

3.20 specified minimum failure load: Minimum load specified by the purchaser or declared

by the supplier at which mechanical failure will not take place.

NOTE – From the probabilistic point of view, the specified minimum failure load corresponds to the value having

the probability of e % in the distribution function of the strength of the fitting. The exclusion limit e % is usually

taken within 2 % to 5 % with 10 % being the upper limit (see IEC 60826).
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SIST EN 61284:1999
61284 © IEC:1997 – 17 –
3.21 specified minimum mechanical damage load: Minimum load specified by the

purchaser or declared by the supplier at which unacceptable permanent deformation will not

take place.

3.22 specified minimum slip load: Minimum load specified by the purchaser or declared by

the supplier at which slippage will not take place.

3.23 vibration damper: Device attached to a conductor or an earth wire in order to reduce

aeolian vibrations. [IEV 466-11-16, modified]
4 Requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Design
The fittings shall be designed so as to
– avoid damaging the conductor under service conditions;

– withstand the mechanical loads relevant to installation, maintenance and service, the

designed service current, including short-circuit current, the service temperatures and

environmental circumstances;

– ensure that individual components are secured against becoming loose in service;

– have limited corona effects.

Fittings for live line maintenance shall be suitably designed for safe and easy handling.

Surfaces of compression fittings in contact with the conductor or earth wire shall be protected

from becoming contaminated before installation.

Brittleness of finished parts shall be avoided by adopting suitable materials and manufacturing

process.
4.1.2 Materials
Fittings shall be made of any material suitable for the purpose.
4.1.2.1 Metallic materials

The materials shall meet service life requirements and shall not be liable to intergranular or

stress corrosion. They shall not cause corrosion of any other parts of the conductor or earth

wire.

The materials of compression fittings shall be capable of withstanding the cold working due to

compression. Furthermore, the steel compression components shall also have a sufficient

impact strength after the compression.
Examples of suitable materials are the following:
– aluminium or aluminium alloy;
– galvanized steel;
– galvanized malleable or ductile iron;
– stainless steel;
– copper and copper alloys.
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SIST EN 61284:1999
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It is recommended that ISO standards for materials be used where they exist. Examples of ISO

standards for fitting materials are listed in annex F.
4.1.2.2 Non-metallic materials

Non-metallic materials employed shall have good resistance to ageing and be capable of

withstanding service temperatures without detrimental change of properties. Materials shall

have adequate resistance to the effects of ozone, ultra-violet radiation and air pollution over

the whole range of the service temperature.
They shall not induce corrosion in materials which are in contact with them.
4.1.3 Dimensions and tolerances
The dimensions shall be shown on contract drawings.

Particular regard shall be paid to those dimensions which involve interchangeability, correct

assembly, and those for which gauges are specified. Reference shall be made to relevant

standards, for example IEC 60120, IEC 60372, etc.

Tolerances applied to dimensions shall ensure that the fittings meet their specified mechanical

and electrical requirements.
4.1.4
Protection against corrosion

All parts of insulator, conductor and earth wire fittings shall be either inherently resistant to

atmospheric corrosion or be suitably protected a
...