SIST EN 61071:2007
Capacitors for power electronics
Capacitors for power electronics
Gives requirements and tests for capacitors for power electronics applications. Covers a wide range of capacitor technologies for numerous applications: overvoltage protection, d.c. and a.c. filtering, switching circuits, d.c. energy storage, auxiliary inverters, etc. Describes safety requirements and guide to installation and operation. Definitions of 44 terms are given.
Kondensatoren der Leistungselektronik
Condensateurs pour électronique de puissance
La présente Norme internationale s'applique aux condensateurs pour les applications de l'électronique de puissance. La fréquence de fonctionnement des systèmes utilisant ces condensateurs atteint généralement 15 kHz, mais les fréquences d'impulsions peuvent atteindre 5 à 10 fois la fréquence de fonctionnement. Une distinction est faite dans la présente norme entre les condensateurs à courants alternatifs et les condensateurs à courants continus qui sont considérés comme des composants lorsqu'ils sont montés dans un boîtier fermé. Cette norme couvre une très grande variété de technologies de condensateurs pour répondre à de nombreuses applications, par exemple protection contre les surtensions, filtrage à courant continu et à courant alternatif, circuits de commutation, stockage d'énergie à courant continu, convertisseurs auxiliaires, etc.
Kondenzatorji za močnostno elektroniko
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61071:2007
01-oktober-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61071-1:1999
SIST EN 61071-2:1999
.RQGHQ]DWRUML]DPRþQRVWQRHOHNWURQLNR
Capacitors for power electronics
Kondensatoren der Leistungselektronik
Condensateurs pour électronique de puissance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61071:2007
ICS:
31.060.70 0RþQRVWQLNRQGHQ]DWRUML Power capacitors
SIST EN 61071:2007 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61071
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2007
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 31.060.70 Supersedes EN 61071-1:1996 and EN 61071-2:1996
English version
Capacitors for power electronics
(IEC 61071:2007)
Condensateurs Kondensatoren
pour électronique de puissance der Leistungselektronik
(CEI 61071:2007) (IEC 61071:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-04-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61071:2007 E
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EN 61071:2007 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 33/432/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61071, prepared by IEC TC 33, Power
capacitors, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 61071 on 2007-04-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61071-1:1996 and EN 61071-2:1996.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2008-01-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2010-04-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61071:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60077-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60077-1:2002 (modified).
IEC 60077-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60077-2:2002 (modified).
IEC 60146-1-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60146-1-1:1993 (not modified).
IEC 61287-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61287-1:2006 (not modified).
IEC 60110-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60110-1:1998 (not modified).
IEC 60143 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60143 series (partially modified).
IEC 60252-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60252-1:2001 (not modified).
IEC 60252-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60252-2:2003 (not modified).
IEC 60358 NOTE Harmonized as HD 597 S1:1992 (not modified).
IEC 60384-14 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60384-14:2005 (not modified).
IEC 60831-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60831-1:1996 (not modified).
IEC 60831-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60831-2:1996 (not modified).
IEC 60871-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60871-1:2005 (not modified).
IEC 60931-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60931-1:1996 (not modified).
IEC 60931-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60931-2:1996 (not modified).
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- 3 - EN 61071:2007
IEC 61048 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61048:2006 (not modified).
IEC 61049 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61049:1993 (modified).
IEC 61270-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61270-1:1996 (not modified).
IEC 61881 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61881:1999 (not modified).
__________
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EN 61071:2007 - 4 -
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60068-2-6 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-6 1995
Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
1) 2)
IEC 60068-2-14 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-14 1999
Part 2: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature
1) 2)
IEC 60068-2-20 - Environmental testing - HD 323.2.20 S3 1988
Part 2: Tests - Test T: Soldering
1) 2)
IEC 60068-2-21 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-21 2006
Part 2-21: Tests - Test U: Robustness of
terminations and integral mounting devices
1) 2)
IEC 60068-2-78 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-78 2001
Part 2-78: Tests - Test Cab: Damp heat,
steady state
1) 2)
IEC 60071-1 - Insulation co-ordination - EN 60071-1 2006
Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
1) 2)
IEC 60071-2 - Insulation co-ordination - EN 60071-2 1997
Part 2: Application guide
1) 3)
IEC 60269-1 - Low-voltage fuses - EN 60269-1 200X
Part 1: General requirements
1) 2)
IEC 60664-1 - Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-1 2003
low-voltage systems -
Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
1) 2)
IEC 60695-2-11 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-2-11 2001
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for end-products
1) 2)
IEC 60695-2-12 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-2-12 2001
Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for materials
1) 2)
IEC 60947-1 - Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN 60947-1 2004
Part 1: General rules + corr. November 2004
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
3)
To be published.
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61071
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2007-01
Condensateurs pour électronique
de puissance
Capacitors for power electronics
© IEC 2007 Droits de reproduction réservés ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
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PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
Scope.11
1
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Service conditions.23
4.1 Normal service conditions.23
4.2 Unusual service conditions .25
5 Quality requirements and tests.25
5.1 Test requirements.25
5.2 Classification of tests.27
5.3 Capacitance and tan δ measurements (routine test) .29
5.4 Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan δ) of a capacitor (type test) .29
5.5 Voltage test between terminals .31
5.6 AC voltage test between terminals and case .33
5.7 Test of internal discharge device.33
5.8 Sealing test .33
5.9 Surge discharge test.35
5.10 Thermal stability test.35
5.11 Self-healing test.37
5.12 Resonance frequency measurement .39
5.13 Environmental testing .39
5.14 Mechanical testing.39
5.15 Endurance test .41
5.16 Destruction test .45
5.17 Disconnecting test on internal fuses.55
6 Overloads.59
6.1 Maximum permissible voltages .59
7 Safety requirements.61
7.1 Discharge device .61
7.2 Case connections .61
7.3 Protection of the environment .61
7.4 Other safety requirements.61
8 Markings.63
8.1 Marking of the units .63
9 Guide to installation and operation .63
9.1 General .63
9.2 Choice of rated voltage.65
9.3 Operating temperature.65
9.4 Special service conditions.67
9.5 Overvoltages .69
9.6 Overcurrents .69
9.7 Switching and protective devices .69
9.8 Choice of creepage distance and clearance .69
9.9 Connections .71
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 5 –
9.10 Parallel connections of capacitors.71
9.11 Series connections of capacitors.71
9.12 Magnetic losses and eddy currents .73
9.13 Guide for internal fuse and disconnector protection in capacitors.73
9.14 Guide for unprotected capacitors .73
Annex A (informative) Waveforms .75
Annex B (normative) Operational limits of capacitors with sinusoidal voltages as a
function of frequency and at maximum temperature (θ ) .79
max
Annex C (normative) Resonance frequency measuring methods – Examples .83
Bibliography .87
Figure 1 – Destruction test arrangement.49
Figure 2 – N source d.c., type 1.53
Figure 3 – N source d.c., type 2.53
Figure A.1 – Example of waveforms and their circuits .77
Figure B.1 – Supply conditions .79
Figure C.1 – Measuring circuit.83
Figure C.2 – Relation between the voltage across the capacitor and the supply
frequency.83
Figure C.3 – Discharge current wave shape.85
Table 1 – Test voltage between terminals.31
Table 2 – Testing the robustness of terminals.41
Table 3 – Endurance test .43
Table 4 – Destruction test as a function of type of safety system.45
Table 5 – Maximum permissible voltages .59
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
CAPACITORS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61071-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 33: Power
capacitors.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
33/432/FDIS 33/433/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 9 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 11 –
CAPACITORS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to capacitors for power electronics applications.
The operating frequency of the systems in which these capacitors are used is usually up to
15kHz, while the pulse frequencies may be up to 5 to 10 times the operating frequency.
The standard distinguishes between a.c. and d.c. capacitors which are considered as
components when mounted in enclosures.
This standard covers an extremely wide range of capacitor technologies for numerous
applications, e.g. overvoltage protection, d.c. and a.c. filtering, switching circuits, d.c. energy
storage, auxiliary inverters, etc.
The following are excluded from this standard:
– capacitors for induction heat-generating plants operating at frequencies between 40 Hz and
24 000 Hz (see IEC 60110-1 and IEC 60110-2);
– capacitors for motor applications and the like (see IEC 60252-1 and IEC 60252 -2);
– capacitors to be used in circuits for blocking one or more harmonics in power supply
networks;
– small a.c. capacitors as used for fluorescent and discharge lamps (see IEC 61048 and
IEC 61049);
– capacitors for suppression of radio interference (see IEC 60384-14);
– shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V (see
IEC 60871-1 and IEC 60871-2);
– shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a rated voltage up to
and including 1 000 V (see IEC 60831-1 and IEC 60831-2);
– shunt power capacitor of the non-self-healing type for a.c. systems having a rated voltage
up to and including 1 000 V (see IEC 60931-1 and IEC 60931-2);
– electronic capacitors not used in power circuits;
– series capacitors for power systems (see IEC 60143);
– coupling capacitors and capacitors dividers (see IEC 60358);
– capacitors for microwave ovens (see IEC 61270-1);
– capacitors for railway applications (see IEC 61881).
Examples of applications are given in Clause 9.1.
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 13 –
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-20, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test T: Soldering
IEC 60068-2-21, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test U: Robustness of terminations and
integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60071-1, Insulation coordination – Part 1: Definitions, principle and rules
IEC 60071-2, Insulation coordination – Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60269-1, Low-voltage fuses – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 60695-2-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-11: Glowing/hotwire based test methods, Glow-
wire flammability test method for end-products
IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hotwire based test methods, Glow-
wire flammability test method for materials
IEC 60947-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: General rules
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
capacitor element (or element)
a device consisting essentially of two electrodes separated by a dielectric
[IEV 436-01-03]
3.2
capacitor unit (or unit)
assembly of one or more capacitor elements in the same container with terminals brought out
[IEV 436-01-04]
3.3
capacitor bank
number of capacitor units connected so as to act together
[IEV 436-01-06]
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 15 –
3.4
capacitor
general term used when it is not necessary to state whether reference is made to an element, a
unit or a capacitor bank
3.5
capacitor equipment
assembly of capacitor units and their accessories intended for connection in power electronic
equipment
3.6
capacitor for power electronics
power capacitor intended to be used in power electronic equipment and capable of operating
continuously under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal current and voltage
3.7
metal-foil capacitor (non-self-healing)
capacitor in which the electrodes usually consist of metal foils separated by a dielectric
NOTE In the event of a breakdown of the dielectric, the capacitor does not restore itself.
3.8
self-healing metallized dielectric capacitor
capacitor, of which at least one electrode consists of a metallic deposit on the dielectric
NOTE In the event of local breakdown of the dielectric, the electric properties of the capacitor are rapidly and
essentially self-restored.
3.9
a.c. capacitor
capacitor essentially designed for operation with alternating voltage
NOTE AC capacitors may be used with d.c. voltage up to the rated voltage only when authorized by the capacitor
manufacturer.
3.10
d.c. capacitor
capacitor essentially designed for operation with direct voltage
NOTE DC capacitors may be used with a specified a.c. voltage only where authorized by the capacitor
manufacturer.
3.11
model capacitor
unit which simulates a complete unit or element in an electrical test, without reducing the
severity of the electrical, thermal or mechanical conditions
NOTE 1 The model unit may be of a different size from the complete unit.
NOTE 2 The combined sum of stresses should always be considered, for instance the sum of temperature and
mechanical conditions as well as electrical stresses.
3.12
internal (element) fuse
fuse connected inside a capacitor unit, in series with an element or a group of elements
[IEV 436-03-16]
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 17 –
3.13
safety devices
3.13.1
overpressure disconnector
disconnecting device inside a capacitor, designed to interrupt the current path in case of
abnormal increase of internal overpressure
3.13.2
overpressure detector
device designed to detect abnormal increase of the internal pressure, usually used to operate
an electrical switch and indirectly interrupt the current path
3.13.3
segmented metallization design
design of the metal layer over the dielectric shaped in a way to allow a small part of it to be
isolated in case of local short circuit or breakdown, in order to restore the full functionality of
the unit with a negligible loss of capacitance
3.13.4
special unsegmented metallization design
design of the metal layer over the dielectric shaped in a way that safe self-healing features
operating at a voltage up to U guarantee the full functionality of the unit with a negligible loss
s
of capacitance.
3.14
discharge device of a capacitor
a device which may be incorporated in a capacitor, capable of reducing the voltage between
the terminals practically to zero, within a given time, after the capacitor has been disconnected
from a network
[IEV 436-03-15 modified]
3.15
rated a.c. voltage
U
N
maximum operating peak recurrent voltage of either polarity of a reversing type waveform for
which the capacitor has been designed
NOTE 1 The waveform can have many shapes. Examples are given in Annex A.
NOTE 2 The mean value of the waveform may be positive or negative.
NOTE 3 It is important to note that the rated a.c. voltage is not an r.m.s. value.
3.16
rated d.c. voltage
U
NDC
maximum operating peak voltage of either polarity but of a non-reversing type waveform, for
which the capacitor has been designed, for continuous operation
NOTE 1 Damping capacitors, for gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) can be regarded as d.c. capacitors with a ripple
voltage equal to the rated d.c. voltage U = U .
NDC r
In the case of reversal voltage (U ), the use should be agreed between user and manufacturer.
rev
NOTE 2 If the reversal voltage is small (less than 10 %), the voltage waveform can be considered to be non-
reversing. For test purposes, U and U should be increased by U , the reversal voltage.
NDC r rev
3.17
ripple voltage
U
r
peak-to-peak alternating component of the unidirectional voltage
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61071 © IEC:2007 – 19 –
3.18
non-recurrent surge voltage
U
s
peak voltage induced by a switching or any other disturbance of the system which is allowed for
a limited number of times and for durations shorter than the basic period
3.19
insulation voltage
U
i
r.m.s. value of the sine wave voltage designed for the insulation between terminals of
capacitors to case or earth
3.20
maximum peak current
Î
maximum repetitive peak current that can occur during continuous operation
3.21
maximum current
I
max
maximum r.m.s. current for co
...
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