SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003

• Abstract:

  This second edition contains changes of an entirely editorial nature as follows: 1)add the DVB logo to the front page of the deliverable; 2)change the title from: Digital broadcasting systems for television, sound and data services;etc. to Digital Video Broadcast (DVB);etc.; 3)add in the foreword the DVB acknowledgement.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• ICS: 33.060.40 - Cabled distribution systems
• ICS: 33.170 - Television and radio broadcasting
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08) - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems

SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 300 429 Version 1.1.2. It specifies the framing structure, channel coding and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) for DVB cable transmission of MPEG-2 transport streams, so the same transmission method can be used by cable head-end equipment, receivers and network planners.

What does SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 specify?

SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 specifies the “System” for digital multi-programme television distribution by cable. The standard covers how MPEG-2 transport packets are randomized, protected, interleaved, mapped to symbols and modulated for cable transmission.

The document is organized into clauses 1 to 9 and annexes A to C. Clause 1 gives the scope, Clause 2 lists the normative references, Clause 3 defines symbols and abbreviations, and Clauses 4 to 9 describe the cable system concept, MPEG-2 transport layer, framing structure, channel coding, byte-to-symbol mapping and modulation.

Clause 4.1 notes that interfaces are not part of the document. The annexes add filter characteristics, planning examples and background references.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Baseband filter characteristics
Annex B	Transparency of cable networks
Annex C	Bibliography

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003?

SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 defines a complete transmission chain from the MPEG-2 transport packet to the RF cable channel. In practice, the main design points are packet handling, outer error correction, burst-error protection, symbol mapping and QAM modulation.

Source packet handling and framing

Clause 5 states that the MPEG-2 transport layer uses 188-byte packets with a sync byte, a 3-byte header and 184 bytes of payload or auxiliary data. Clause 6 says the framing organization follows the MPEG-2 transport packet structure.

For implementers, this means the system must preserve the transport packet format all the way through the cable chain. Sync bytes are part of the timing and alignment strategy, not just payload markers.

Randomization and spectrum shaping

Clause 7.1 requires randomization of the output of the MPEG-2 transport multiplexer for spectrum shaping and clock recovery. The sync byte in the first packet of each group of eight packets is inverted, and the pseudo-random sequence continues across the packet group while the sync bytes of the other packets stay unrandomized.

In practice, this reduces long runs of identical bits and helps receiver clock recovery. It also prevents an unmodulated carrier when the modulator input is absent or non-compliant.

Reed-Solomon error correction

Clause 7.2 requires shortened Reed-Solomon (RS) coding with T = 8. The code adds 16 parity bytes to each packet and creates a (204,188) codeword, with the sync byte included in the coding process.

For readers, this is the outer protection layer that corrects byte errors before the signal reaches the receiver. Equipment design and test work must verify that packet and parity handling follow the codeword structure exactly.

Burst-error protection by interleaving

Clause 7.3 requires convolutional interleaving with depth I = 12. The interleaver is based on the Forney approach, and the sync bytes are routed through branch 0 so the 204-byte periodicity is preserved.

This matters because cable channels can produce burst errors, not just isolated bit errors. Interleaving spreads a burst over several packets so the RS decoder can recover more of the damaged data.

Byte-to-symbol mapping and differential coding

Clause 8 defines exact byte-to-symbol mapping with byte boundaries preserved. It also requires differential coding of the two most significant bits of each symbol to obtain a rotation-invariant constellation.

That means the modulator and demodulator must use the same bit ordering and symbol grouping. If the mapping is wrong, the receiver will not recover the stream correctly even when the channel is otherwise good.

QAM modulation and filtering

Clause 9 specifies QAM with 16, 32 or 64 constellation points, and receivers shall support at least 64-QAM. Before modulation, the I and Q signals are filtered with a square-root raised cosine filter with a roll-off factor of 0,15.

Annex A then gives the minimum filter template for implementation. It limits in-band ripple, out-of-band rejection and group-delay ripple, which matters because the occupied bandwidth and analog filter quality affect real cable performance.

What terms does SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 define?

Forward Error Correction (FEC) is the coding added before transmission so the receiver can correct some errors without retransmission.

Quasi Error Free (QEF) describes the intended service quality, with roughly one uncorrected error event per transmission hour.

Reed-Solomon (RS) is the byte-oriented error-correcting code used as the outer coder in the system.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is the modulation method used on the cable channel, with 16, 32 or 64 points in the constellation.

Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) is the sequence used for randomization and spectrum shaping.

MPEG-2 transport layer is the 188-byte packet structure defined in ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 and used as the framing basis of the system.

Who uses SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003?

SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 is used by cable network operators, broadcast engineers, and manufacturers of cable head-end and receiver equipment. It is also relevant to system integrators, test laboratories and quality teams that verify DVB cable transmission chains.

The standard is especially useful when planning digital multi-programme television distribution over cable, secondary distribution of services, and equipment that must interoperate with MPEG-2 based DVB systems. Annex B is aimed at network planning questions such as symbol rate and occupied bandwidth in cable channels.

What changed in SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 from the previous edition?

The foreword says this second edition was previously an ETS and is now an EN. It also states that the changes are entirely editorial: the DVB logo was added to the front page, the title wording was updated, and the DVB acknowledgement was added to the foreword.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003?

Reference	Contribution
ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1	Defines the MPEG-2 transport layer used for packet structure and framing
IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech., COM-19, Forney, G.D.	Supports the burst-correcting code approach used for convolutional interleaving
EN 300 421	Provides the DVB satellite framing, channel coding and modulation that the cable system can be used transparently with and that is cited in the annexes

What does the SIST EN 300 429 V1.1.2:2003 document contain?

The document contains a conceptual block diagram of the cable head-end and receiver path, plus figures for framing, scrambler and descrambler operation, interleaving, byte-to-symbol conversion and QAM constellations. Those figures are used to design and check the transmitter and receiver processing chain.

Clause 7 gives the detailed procedures for randomization, RS coding and convolutional interleaving, including the PRBS setup and the codeword structure. Clause 8 and Clause 9 show how bytes become QAM symbols and how the constellation is organized.

Annex A provides the filter template used to implement the baseband shaping stage. Annex B gives planning examples for transparent cable transmission and occupied bandwidth, while Annex C lists background and companion documents for further technical context.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Digitalna videoradiodifuzija (DVB) – Struktura okvirov, kodiranje kanalov in
modulacija za kabelske sisteme
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for
cable systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 429 Version 1.1.2
ICS:
33.060.40 Kabelski razdelilni sistemi Cabled distribution systems
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 300 429
V1.1.2 (1997-08)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
Framing structure, channel coding and modulation
for cable systems
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
EBU
UER
European Telecommunications Standards Institute

2 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
Reference
REN/JTC-00DVB-42 (3z000idc.PDF)
Keywords
DVB, digital, video, broadcasting, cable, MPEG,
TV
ETSI Secretariat
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Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997.
© European Broadcasting Union 1997.
All rights reserved.
3 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword .4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 Symbols and abbreviations .5
3.1 Symbols . 5
3.2 Abbreviations. 6
4 Cable System concept .6
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync. 8
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization . 8
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder . 8
4.4 Convolutional interleaver. 8
4.5 Byte to m-tuple conversion . 8
4.6 Differential encoding . 8
4.7 Baseband shaping . 8
4.8 QAM modulation and physical interface . 8
4.9 Cable receiver . 8
5 MPEG-2 transport layer .8
6 Framing structure .9
7 Channel coding .9
7.1 Randomization for spectrum shaping. 9
7.2 Reed-Solomon coding. 10
7.3 Convolutional interleaving. 11
8 Byte to symbol mapping .11
9 Modulation.13
Annex A (normative): Baseband filter characteristics.16
Annex B (informative): Transparency of cable networks.17
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.18
History.19

4 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETR 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of
ETSI standards", which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI
Web server (http://www.etsi.fr/ipr).
Pursuant to the ETSI Interim IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI.
No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETR 314 (or the updates on
http://www.etsi.fr/ipr) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This second edition, previously as an ETS now an EN, contains changes of an entirely editorial nature as follows:
1) add the DVB logo to the front page of the deliverable;
2) change the title from: "Digital broadcasting systems for television, sound and data services; etc." to "Digital
Video Broadcast (DVB); etc.";
3) add in the foreword the DVB acknowledgement.
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by the Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the
European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field
of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC became a tripartite body by including in the
Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and
television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work
includes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and
programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European
broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project
Founded in September 1993, the DVB Project is a market-led consortium of public and private sector organizations in
the television industry. Its aim is to establish the framework for the introduction of MPEG-2 based digital television
services. Now comprising over 200 organizations from more than 25 countries around the world, DVB fosters market-
led systems, which meet the real needs, and economic circumstances, of the consumer electronics and the broadcast
industry.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of adoption of ETS 300 429: 15 August 1994
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of ETS 300 429 (dop/e): 31 March 1995
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 June 1995
Date of latest announcement of ETS 300 429 (doa): 30 June 1995

5 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
1 Scope
The present document describes the framing structure, channel coding and modulation (denoted "the System" for the
purposes of the present document) for a digital multi-programme television distribution by cable. The aim of the present
document is to present a harmonized transmission standard for cable and satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer
ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 [1], with the addition of appropriate Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. This System can
be used transparently with the modulation/channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by
satellite, see ETS 300 421 (see annex C). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances as described
in Reimers' document (see annex C). It is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The System is based on
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). It allows for 16, 32, or 64-QAM constellations and permits for future
extension to higher constellations, such as 128-QAM and 256-QAM.
-4 -10 -11
The System FEC is designed to improve Bit Error Ratio (BER) from 10 to a range, 10 to 10 , ensuring "Quasi
Error Free" (QEF) operation with approximately one uncorrected error event per transmission hour.
2 Normative references
References may be made to:
a) specific versions of publications (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.), in
which case, subsequent revisions to the referenced document do not apply; or
b) all versions up to and including the identified version (identified by "up to and including" before the version
identity); or
c) all versions subsequent to and including the identified version (identified by "onwards" following the version
identity); or
d) publications without mention of a specific version, in which case the latest version applies.
A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same
number.
[1] ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 (June 1994): "Coding of moving pictures and associated audio".
[2] IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech., COM-19, pp. 772-781, (October 1971) Forney, G.D.: "Burst-
correcting codes for the classic bursty channel".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
α Roll-off factor
A , B Most Significant Bits at the output of the Byte to m-tuple converter
k k
f Channel centre frequency
f Nyquist frequency
N
g(x) RS code generator polynomial
HEX Hexadecimal
I Interleaving depth (bytes)
I, Q In-phase, Quadrature phase components of the modulated signal
j Branch index
k Number of bytes mapped into n symbols
m
m Power of 2 -level QAM: 4,5,6 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
M Convolutional interleaver branch depth for j = 1, M = N/I
n Number of symbols mapped from k bytes

6 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
N Error protected frame length [bytes]
p(x) RS field generator polynomial
r In-band ripple (dB)
m
R Randomized sequence
R Symbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated signal
s
R Useful bit rate after MPEG-2 transport multiplexer
u
R Bit rate after RS outer coder
u'
q Number of bits: 2,3,4 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
T Number of bytes which can be corrected in RS error protected packet
T Symbol period
s
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BB Baseband
BER Bit Error Ratio
DTVC Digital Television by Cable
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIFO First In First Out
IF Intermediate Frequency
IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
MSB Most Significant Bit
MUX Multiplex
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QEF Quasi Error Free
RF Radio Frequency
RS Reed-Solomon
SMATV Satellite Master Antenna Television
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TV Television
4 Cable System concept
The cable System shall be defined as the functional block of equipment performing the adaptation of the baseband TV
signals to the cable channel characteristics (see figure 1). In the cable head-end, the following TV baseband signal
sources can be considered:
- satellite signal(s);
- contribution link(s);
- local program source(s).
The processes in the following subclauses shall be applied as shown in figure 1.

7 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
Figure 1: Conceptual block diagram of elements at the cable head-end and receiving site
C able H ead-end
To RF
Cable
*
data
Channel
QAM
BB Sync1
I
Reed- Convol.
Modulator
Inversion Byte
88 8 m m
Solomon Inter-
&
To Differential
& Baseband
Physical leaver
IF
Random i- m-tuple Encoding shaping
clock
Interface Coder
Physical
Conversion
zation Q
I=12 bytes
Interface
(204,188)
Clock & Sync Generator
*
MPEG-2 transport Mux packets
Cable IR D
*
data
RF I
Sync1
Physical
Matched Symbol BB
Inversion
m
Interface
Filter m8To Convol.8 Reed-8 8
Differential &
&
& Byte Deinter- Solomon Physical
Decoder Energy
QAM
From RF Equalizer Mapping leaver Decoder Interface
Q
clock
dispersal
cable channel Demod.
Removal
Carrier & Clock & Sync
Recovery
8 EN 300 429 V1.1.2 (1997-08)
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync
This unit shall adapt the data structure to the format of the signal source. The framing structure shall be in accordance
with MPEG-2 transport layer including sync bytes.
NOTE: Interfaces are not part of the present document.
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization
This unit shall invert the Sync 1 byte according to the MPEG-2 framing structure, and randomizes the data stream for
spectrum shaping purposes.
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder
This unit shall apply a shortened Reed-Solomon (RS) code to each randomized transport packet to generate an error-
protected packet. This code shall also be applied to the Sync byte itself.
4.4 Convolutional
...