SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
(Main)Packaging - Accessible design - Ease of opening (ISO 17480:2015)
Packaging - Accessible design - Ease of opening (ISO 17480:2015)
ISO 17480:2015 specifies requirements and recommendations for the accessible design for packaging with a focus on ease of opening. It applies to reclosable and non-reclosable consumer packaging without using any other mechanical means. This International Standard covers the design aspects addressing openability including opening location, opening methods, as well as evaluation techniques, both instrumented and user-based. This International Standard is primarily for designers, developers, and evaluators of packaging and will also be useful for other disciplines.
For products regulated for safety or other reasons (e.g. toxic or dangerous goods and substances, medicinal products, and medical devices), those regulations take precedence.
Verpackung - Leichte Handhabbarkeit - Leichtes Öffnen (ISO 17480:2015)
Emballages - Conception accessible - Facilité d'ouverture (ISO 17480:2015)
La présente Norme internationale spécifie des exigences et des recommandations pour une conception accessible des emballages axée sur la facilité d'ouverture. Elle s'applique aux emballages refermables et non refermables destinés aux consommateurs sans utiliser d'autres moyens mécaniques. La présente Norme internationale couvre les aspects de la conception traitant de l'aptitude à l'ouverture, y compris l'emplacement de l'ouverture, les méthodes d'ouverture, ainsi que les techniques d'évaluation, qu'elles soient basées sur des instruments ou sur l'utilisateur. La présente Norme internationale s'adresse principalement aux concepteurs, aux développeurs et aux évaluateurs d'emballages, mais seront également utiles à d'autres disciplines.
Pour les produits réglementés pour des raisons de sécurité ou autres (par exemple marchandises et substances toxiques ou dangereuses, produits médicaux et dispositifs médicaux), ces réglementations sont prioritaires.
Embalaža - Dostopno načrtovanje - Enostavnost odpiranja (ISO 17480:2015)
Standard ISO 17480:2015 določa zahteve in priporočila za dostopno načrtovanje za embalažo, ki se osredotoča na enostavnost odpiranja. Uporablja se za embalažo za potrošnike, ki jo je oziroma je ni mogoče večkrat zapreti brez uporabe drugih mehanskih sredstev. Ta mednarodni standard zajema vidike načrtovanja, ki obravnavajo možnost odpiranja, vključno z mestom in načini odpiranja ter tehnikami ocenjevanja, ki se izvajajo z instrumenti oziroma jih izvajajo uporabniki. Ta mednarodni standard je v prvi vrsti namenjen načrtovalcem, razvijalcem in ocenjevalcem embalaže ter je uporaben tudi za druga področja.
Pri izdelkih, ki so predpisani iz varnostnih oziroma drugih razlogov (npr. strupeno ali nevarno blago in snovi ter medicinski izdelki in pripomočki) imajo prednost zadevni predpisi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Verpackung - Leichte Handhabbarkeit - Leichtes Öffnen (ISO 17480:2015)Emballages - Conception accessible - Facilité d'ouverture (ISO 17480:2015)Packaging - Accessible design - Ease of opening (ISO 17480:2015)55.020Pakiranje in distribucija blaga na splošnoPackaging and distribution of goods in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 17480:2018SIST EN ISO 17480:2018en,fr,de01-december-2018SIST EN ISO 17480:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15945:20111DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 17480
September
t r s z ICS
w wä r t r English Version
Packaging æ Accessible desigEmballages æ Conception accessible æ Facilité
Verpackung æ Leichte Handhabbarkeit æ Leichtes Öffnen This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t v August
t r s zä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN ISO
s y v z rã t r s z ESIST EN ISO 17480:2018
EN ISO 17480:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3
SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
EN ISO 17480:2018 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 17480:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122 "Packaging” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 17480:2018 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15945:2011. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17480:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17480:2018 without any modification. SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
© ISO 2015Packaging — Accessible design — Ease of openingEmballages — Conception accessible — Facilité d’ouvertureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17480First edition2015-03-01Reference numberISO 17480:2015(E)SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E) ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT©
ISO 2015All rights reservedä Unless otherwise speci Ðiedá no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any meansá electronic or mechanicalá including photocopyingá or posting on the internet or an intranetá without prior written permissionä Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOïs member body in the country of the requesteräISO copyright of ÐiceTel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax
ª
v s
t t
y v {
r {
v yEæmail copyright 7isoäorgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E) Contents PageForeword .ivIntroduction .v1 Scope .12 Normative references .1FuFTermsFandFdeFÐinitions .14 Accessible design of ease of opening .2 vä s General .2 vä sä s Context of use .24.1.2 Opening strength .2 vä sä u Dexterity.24.1.4 Cognition .3 vä t Speci Ðic considerations .3 vä tä s Opening location .3 vä tä t Methods and mechanisms of opening the package .3 vä tä u Force and handling aspects .3 vä tä v Reclosing of the package .35 Evaluation of ease of opening .4 wä s General .4 wä t Instrumentæbased evaluation .4 wä u Useræbased evaluation .46 Conformance .4Annex A
Examples of opening-types .6Annex B
Examples of mechanical evaluation methods .10Annex C
Relation of human strength and dexterity to the opening of packages .18Annex D
Consumer panel test for ease of opening .23Annex E
Relation of human cognition to the opening of packages .31Annex F
Designer’s checklist .36Annex G
Checklist for conformance with this International Standard .39Bibliography .41© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iiiSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)Forewordthrough ISO technical committeesä Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committeeä International organizationsá governmental and nonægovernmentalá in liaison with ISOá also take part in the workä electrotechnical standardizationäThe procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are different types of ISO documents should be notedä This document was drafted in accordance with the
Directivesá Part
www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rightsä ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsä Details of any www.iso.).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsementäFor an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci Ðic terms and expressions related to conformity assessmentá as well as information about ISOïs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers .
s t tá Packaging. iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)IntroductionIn our ageing worldá there has been increasing awareness of full and effective participation of older persons and persons with disabilities in society on an equal basisä A common challenge facing the packaging industry in the world is to develop packages which are easy to open for more peopleá including older persons and persons with disabilitiesäEase of opening in packaging adds more value to the usability of packaged productsä In addition to sealing performanceá greater consideration needs to be given to easeæofæopening function when designing packagingäWhile degrees of ease of opening and satisfaction of opening can vary widely in agesá sexá physical abilityá and featuresá etcäá this International Standard addresses essential points to enhance ease of opening in packaging from accessible design viewpointsä © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved vSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
Packaging — Accessible design — Ease of opening1 ScopeThis International Standard speci Ðies requirements and recommendations for the accessible design for packaging with a focus on ease of openingä It applies to reclosable and nonæreclosable consumer packaging without using any other mechanical meansä This International Standard covers the design aspects addressing openability including opening locationá opening methodsá as well as evaluation techniquesá both instrumented and useræbasedä This International Standard is primarily for designersá developersá and evaluators of packaging and will also be useful for other disciplinesä2 Normative referencesThe following documentsá in whole or in partá are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its applicationä For dated referencesá only the edition cited appliesä For undated ISO
t s r x yá Packaging — VocabularyFuFTermsFandFdeFÐinitionsFor the purposes of this documentá the terms and de Ðinitions given in ISO
t s r x y and the following applyä3.1consumer packagingpackagingá constitutingá with its contentsá a sales unit to the
Ðinal user or consumer at the point of retail 3.2openabilityNote
s to entryã Packaging with poor openability means that the contents are perceived as dif Ðicult to accessä3.3strengthamount of force needed to achieve an intended task3.4dexterityextent to which a user can manipulate and handle an object3.5cognitionextent to which a user can understand the appropriate information as it is intended3.6instrument-based evaluationevaluation that uses measurement instruments to obtain quanti Ðied dataá such as force and torque levels in physical testingINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17480:2015(E)© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)3.7user-based evaluationevaluation that uses a method involving users with or without the use of measurement instruments and provides insight into the userïs sensoryá physicalá and cognitive aspects3.8reclosable packagepackage whichá after it has been initially openedá is capable of being reclosed with a similar degree of security and is capable of being used a suf Ðicient number of times to dispense the total contents without loss of security 3.9pull-tab packagepackage that can be opened by pulling the ring installed on the upper or side part of the packageNote
s to entryã It is the general term for fullæopen tab packageá stayæon tab packageá and any other tabæattached packageä3.10full-open tab packagepackage whose lid can be fully opened by pulling the tab3.11stay-on tab packagepackage that can be opened by pulling the tab which will not be detached after the package is opened4 Accessible design of ease of opening4.1 General4.1.1 Context of useThe packaging design shall encompass the context of use for the packageä This should be achieved by considering the following: i i specify intended usersá taking into consideration the variety of physicalá psychologicalá and cultural characteristicsâ sphysical or social environment are likely to have impacts on achieving the goalsä4.1.2 Opening strengthThe nominal force to open the package shall be achievable by the intended usersä This force should be as low as possible without compromising the packaging integrityä Information on aspects of opening strength is shown in Annex C.4.1.3 DexterityThe packaging opening mechanism shall be designed so that it is easily manipulated by the users with the widest range of characteristics and capabilitiesä Information on aspects of dexterity is shown in Annex C. 2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)4.1.4 CognitionOpening of the packaging shall be designed so that it is easily understood by the userä Consideration should be given to a userïs sense of touchá sightá etcä Information on human cognitiveá visual and tactile aspects is shown in Annex E.FväFtFSpeciFÐicFconsiderations4.2.1 Opening locationThe opening location shall be readily found and its use easily understoodä This can be achieved by applying the following design considerationsä The opening location is differentiated by visual markings using characters
imageryá such as pictogramsä Visual markings are designed by appropriate combinations of colourá font sizeá font typeá etcä The opening location is differentiated by tactile markings using shapeá notchesá embossingá textureá etcäNOTE Supporting data for human cognitiveá visual and tactile aspects is in Annex E.4.2.2 Methods and mechanisms of opening the packageThe opening method and mechanism shall be easily identi Ðiable and intuitively understandableä This can be achieved by applying the following design considerationsä T The package is designed so that it can be opened smoothlyá irrespective of the size or power of the usersï handsä The package is designed in such a way that spillage is prevented and that there is no risk of injury for the user.4.2.3 Force and handling aspectsThe forces and handling aspects of the opening shall result in favourable openabilityäThe nominal force to open the package shall accommodate the large variety of the opening strength by The package and its opening mechanisms shall be easily manipulatedá taking into account the large NOTE Supporting data for strength and dexterity is in Annex C.4.2.4 Reclosing of the packagedesign considerationsã reclosing method is easily understood if not clear immediatelyâ rwith appropriate combinations of their sizeá fontá contrastá and colourâ reclosable packages are designed so that they can be reæopened smoothlyäEXAMPLE A package has been reclosedä © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)5 Evaluation of ease of opening5.1 GeneralInstrumentæbased evaluation uses measuring instruments to obtain quanti Ðied dataá such as force and torque levels in physical testsäAnnex Bas to the nominal values of opening torque or force required but are unlikely to establish exact limits on a userïs abilityäHenceá useræbased studies are needed to be undertaken in parallel with instrumentæbased studies Useræbased evaluation relies on methods involving humans with or without the use of measuring instrumentsäIt provides insight into the userïs sensoryá physicalá and cognitive aspects of accessibilityä5.2 Instrument-based evaluationInstrument test methods can provide quantitative data with regards to certain attributesá such as such as glareá colour contrastá frictioná sizeá weightá and temperature can be measured by different types of instruments.When designing a packaging to be easy to opená the data obtained from mechanical tests should be used in combination with other design criteria of importanceá as those described under Clause
v. See Annex B and Annex C.The data generated by these instrumentæbased evaluation test methods can be used to compare characteristics of related packaging systems and to provide possible insights for improved designsä5.3 User-based evaluationPanel tests enable the qualitative assessment of packaging designs and allow the development of an understanding of users approach to packaging openability and handlingä Panel tests can be used in conjunction with other qualitative research methods such as questionnaires and structured or unstructured interviewsä Panel tests can aid in the development process and the resulting data can inform on the performance of a packaging against predetermined criteriaäThe data generated by these useræbased evaluation test methods can provide possible insights for improved designs.Instead of testing with the general populationá one can select a test population from those that are most sensitive based on their characteristics and capabilities in use of the packagingä The result will be valid also for the general population that are less sensitiveä An example of this is the selection of a panel in the CEN
s w
{ v w containing people in the ages between
x w and
z rá which is regarded to be more sensitive than the general populationä General information on how to set up and perform useræbased evaluation can be found in the ISO
t r t z t seriesä See Annex D and Annex E.To enable a fast screening of relevant basic features with regard to information design and handling of consumer packagingá a checklist is included as Annex F.6 ConformanceConformance with this International Standard is achieved by satisfying all the requirementsä 4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)If a package is claimed to have met the requirements in this International Standardá the procedure used to determine how they have been met shall be speci Ðiedä The detail to which the procedure is speci Ðied is a matter of negotiation between the involved partiesäUsers of this International Standard may either utilize the procedure and forms provided in Annex G or develop another procedure tailored to their particular needsä © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 5SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)Annex A
Examples of opening-typesA.1 Turn to openA screw cap can increase the accessibility of openingäFigure A.1 — Screw top bottleA.2 Tear to openNotch or perforation helps open the package easily with
ÐingertipsäFigureFAäFtFFHeatæsealedFFÐlexibleFbags 6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)A.3 Tear (apart) to openThe opening tab large enough to pinch
perforation applied on the
Ðilm help open the package easilyäFigureFAäFuFFShrinkFFÐilmA.4 Peel to openThe opening tab large enough to pinch helps open the package easilyäFigure A.4 — Heat-sealed semi-rigid containers © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 7SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)A.5 Pull to openThe lid can be easily removed by putting a
Ðinger into the ring and pulling it upäFigure A.5 — Pull-tab packagesA.6 Push to openFigure A.6 — Blister packages, a carton box, etc.A.7 Push (up) to openThe package will open easily by pushing the intended partäFigure A.7 — Hinged cap, a push-and-open container, etc. 8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)A.8 Pinch and peel to openThe package will open easily by pinching and peeling the intended partäFigure A.8 — Flexible bag © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 9SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)Annex B
Examples of mechanical evaluation methodsB.1 GeneralTest methods might vary depending on the opening mechanisms and types of packagingä Conditioning might depend on speci Ðic test standards or types of packagingäThe following are examples of test methods by openingætypesä Other test standards that are not introduced here may applyäThe data generated by these instrumentæbased evaluation test methods that can be used to compare characteristics of related packaging systems and to provide possible insights for improved designsäB.1.1 TurningB.1.1.1 EquipmentA mechanical or electronic torque measuring device as shown in Figure Bä s.B.1.1.2 Test sampleScrew top container such as PET bottleá glass containerá etcäB.1.1.3 ProcedureFix the test sample on the supporting tableä Grasp the screw top preferably with a suitable chuck and turn slowly anticlockwiseä Read the torque at the time when the screw top starts turningä Alsoá read the torque when the bridge has been detachedä When turning the screw topá grasp it with just enough force to turn without a slippageä Do not apply force more than necessaryä For the packages intended to be reclosedá turn the screw top clockwise until it stops turningä Turn slowly anticlockwise again and read the maximum torque at the time when the screw top starts turningä 10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)Figure B.1 — Mechanical or electronic torque measuring deviceB.1.2 TearingB.1.2.1 EquipmentA tensile tester with two clampsá one of which is mobileá as shown in Figure Bä t.B.1.2.2 Test SampleA heatæsealed
Ðlexible bag with perforationá laser preæcutá or notchäB.1.2.3 ProcedureHold the heatæsealed
Ðlexible bag with two clampsä Pull the mobile clamp at the load end of the equipment in a perpendicular direction at a speed of
w r r m mm along the opening lineä Read the maximum forceäDimensions in millimetresFigure B.2 — Mechanical tensile measurement © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 11SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)B.1.3 Peeling for rigid packagingB.1.3.1 EquipmentThe test equipment has a holder for securing the packagingä This holder simultaneously sets the direction of opening and ensures a constant pull angle of
s u w ¹ between the packaging components to be separated during the entire opening processä The pull angle has to be constant across the opening distanceä Thereforeá movement of the packaging has to be realizedá for exampleá by a slide connected playæfree to the traverse Figure Bä uguaranteedä For rigid packaging systemsá securing with adhesive tape on the base of the packaging will suf Ðiceä For semiærigid packaging systemsá the packaging shall be clamped on the underside of the sealed seam to avoid bulging and deformation of the seamä Any deformation of
Ðlexible packaging components have to be applied by consumers and are henceá relevant for opening the packagingäNOTE Fallowed for securing the packaging and this has to be noted in the relevant test protocoläB.1.3.2 Test sampleA peelable heatæsealed rigid or semi rigid containeräB.1.3.3 ProcedureB.1.3.3.1 Setting up the test equipment Alignment of the specimen holder to set the direction of opening and for centric alignment of the
S Set an adequately high sampling rate for recording measurement valuesäNOTE
w r to
s r r measurement values per second are sensible for a test speed of
w r r B.1.3.3.2 Clamping the test specimen Secure the packaging in the specimen holders and precisely heed the direction of openingä Zero the force without any tension in the pullæopen tabä Clamp the pullæopen tab without damaging the sealed seamä The load on the force gauge shall not exceed ¬ rá u N after clamping the tabä If it doesá the
Ðilm clamps shall be loosened and the tab clamped once againä TB.1.3.3.3 Testing Pull the tab at a speed of
w r r mNOTE
s u w ¹ between the packaging components to be separated mostly equates to an angle of
v w ¹ on the supporting tableä Plot the opening force required to open the sealed seam as a function of the opening distance in a
12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E) DKey1moving direction of the traverse2traverse3force gauge4connection between force gauge and
Ðilm clamp5rail xslide7connection between slide and traverseFigure B.3 — Illustration of mechanical tensile measurement tester for heat-sealed peelable semi-rigid containerBäFsäFvFPeelingFforFFÐlexibleFpackagingB.1.4.1 EquipmentThe measurements are made using a tensile testing machineá which permits measurement and plotting of the force at a constant peel speed and constant peel angle of
s z r ¹ä The opening force should be able to be measured and plotted to an accuracy of
¬ s
¨äSecureá playæfree clamping of the packaging shall be guaranteedä Any deformation of
Ðlexible packaging caused by the opening process shall not be hindered because the forces which act here also have to be applied by consumers and are henceá relevant for opening the packagingäFor bagsá the width of the clamps has a demonstrable effect on the resulting opening forceä Henceá use
t r mm wide
Ðilm clamps for clamping bagsä © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 13SIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)Key1bag with side foldbsealed seam3 Ðilm clamps4moving direction5 ÐixationBwidth of
Ðilm clampFigure B.4 — Illustration of mechanical tensile measurement tester for heat-sealed peelable bagsB.1.4.2 Test sampleA peelable heatæsealed bagäB.1.4.3 ProcedureB.1.4.3.1 Setting up the test equipment Set as high as possible sampling rate for recording measurement valuesä Align the clamps parallel and centred to each otheräNOTE If the position below top seal is clampedá heat seal strength corresponding to human force can be measuredäB.1.4.3.2 Preparing/mounting the test specimens Open
Ðilled packagingá if necessaryá at the baseá and remove the contentsä If necessary shorten bags in order to avoid contact with the test rigä Clamp the packaging without damaging the sealed seamä A The alignment of the bag and pull contour on òsoftó deepædrawn packaging systems shall be NOTE When clamping the packagingá it has to be ensured that the set peel speed is only reached after certain
14 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedSIST EN ISO 17480:2018
ISO 17480:2015(E)B.1.4.3.3 Testing Support the packaging with the hand in order to guarantee a pull angle of
{ r ¹
ª
{ r ¹
±
s z r ¹ during the whole opening process.NOTE Fthe packaging with the handá provided that preliminary tests demonstrated that the packaging aligns itself Figure Bä v). Plot the opening force required to open the sealed seam as a function of the opening distance in a
End the test at the onset of stretching of the packaging after successful opening of the sealed seam B.1.5 Peeling for gable-top packagingB.1.5.1 EquipmentA tensile strength measuring instrumentä If no question arises in judgmentá a simple pushæpull gauge may be usedä In this caseá pull the test sample at the same speed as done with handsäB.1.5.2 Test sampleA gable top carton ofá for example
w r r ml and
s
r r r mlB.1.5.3 Procedure Fix one of the roofs at the opening end with a hand or a jigä Punch a hole of
v mm diameter on the other side of the roofsá which is
y mm inward from the top and the endä Reinforce the hole with a grommetä Attach a string to the hole and pull in horizontal direction until the adhered part on the top is torn apart to its middleä
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
01-oktober-2017
(PEDODåD'RVWRSQRQDþUWRYDQMH(QRVWDYQRVWRGSLUDQMD ,62
Packaging - Accessible design - Ease of opening (ISO 17480:2015)
Verpackung - Leichte Handhabbarkeit - Leichtes Öffnen (ISO 17480:2015)
Emballages - Conception accessible - Facilité d'ouverture (ISO 17480:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17480
ICS:
55.020 Pakiranje in distribucija blaga Packaging and distribution of
na splošno goods in general
oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
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oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17480
First edition
2015-03-01
Packaging — Accessible design —
Ease of opening
Emballages — Conception accessible — Facilité d’ouverture
Reference number
ISO 17480:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
ISO 17480:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
ISO 17480:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accessible design of ease of opening . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.1.1 Context of use . 2
4.1.2 Opening strength . 2
4.1.3 Dexterity. 2
4.1.4 Cognition . . 3
4.2 Specific considerations . 3
4.2.1 Opening location . 3
4.2.2 Methods and mechanisms of opening the package . 3
4.2.3 Force and handling aspects . 3
4.2.4 Reclosing of the package . 3
5 Evaluation of ease of opening . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Instrument-based evaluation . 4
5.3 User-based evaluation . 4
6 Conformance . 4
Annex A (informative) Examples of opening-types . 6
Annex B (informative) Examples of mechanical evaluation methods .10
Annex C (informative) Relation of human strength and dexterity to the opening of packages .18
Annex D (informative) Consumer panel test for ease of opening .23
Annex E (informative) Relation of human cognition to the opening of packages .31
Annex F (informative) Designer’s checklist
.36
Annex G (informative) Checklist for conformance with this International Standard .39
Bibliography .41
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 17480:2017
ISO 17480:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 122, Packaging.
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Introduction
In our ageing world, there has been increasing awareness of full and effective participation of older
persons and persons with disabilities in society on an equal basis. A common challenge facing the
packaging industry in the world is to develop packages which are easy to open for more people, including
older persons and persons with disabilities.
Ease of opening in packaging adds more value to the usability of packaged products. In addition to sealing
performance, greater consideration needs to be given to ease-of-opening function when designing packaging.
While degrees of ease of opening and satisfaction of opening can vary widely in ages, sex, physical ability,
and features, etc., this International Standard addresses essential points to enhance ease of opening in
packaging from accessible design viewpoints.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17480:2015(E)
Packaging — Accessible design — Ease of opening
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements and recommendations for the accessible design
for packaging with a focus on ease of opening. It applies to reclosable and non-reclosable consumer
packaging without using any other mechanical means. This International Standard covers the design
aspects addressing openability including opening location, opening methods, as well as evaluation
techniques, both instrumented and user-based. This International Standard is primarily for designers,
developers, and evaluators of packaging and will also be useful for other disciplines.
For products regulated for safety or other reasons (e.g. toxic or dangerous goods and substances,
medicinal products, and medical devices), those regulations take precedence.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21067, Packaging — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21067 and the following apply.
3.1
consumer packaging
packaging, constituting, with its contents, a sales unit to the final user or consumer at the point of retail
[SOURCE: ISO 21067]
3.2
openability
extent to which package contents can be accessed easily with regards to human factors (e.g. strength,
dexterity, and cognition)
Note 1 to entry: Packaging with poor openability means that the contents are perceived as difficult to access.
3.3
strength
amount of force needed to achieve an intended task
3.4
dexterity
extent to which a user can manipulate and handle an object
3.5
cognition
extent to which a user can understand the appropriate information as it is intended
3.6
instrument-based evaluation
evaluation that uses measurement instruments to obtain quantified data, such as force and torque levels
in physical testing
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3.7
user-based evaluation
evaluation that uses a method involving users with or without the use of measurement instruments and
provides insight into the user’s sensory, physical, and cognitive aspects
3.8
reclosable package
package which, after it has been initially opened, is capable of being reclosed with a similar degree of
security and is capable of being used a sufficient number of times to dispense the total contents without
loss of security
[SOURCE: ISO 8317:2003]
3.9
pull-tab package
package that can be opened by pulling the ring installed on the upper or side part of the package
Note 1 to entry: It is the general term for full-open tab package, stay-on tab package, and any other tab-
attached package.
3.10
full-open tab package
package whose lid can be fully opened by pulling the tab
3.11
stay-on tab package
package that can be opened by pulling the tab which will not be detached after the package is opened
4 Accessible design of ease of opening
4.1 General
4.1.1 Context of use
The packaging design shall encompass the context of use for the package. This should be achieved by
considering the following:
— identification of the main goals (e.g. access to the contents);
— identification of the tasks needed to achieve intended goals (e.g. gripping, lifting, pulling, etc.);
— specify intended users, taking into consideration the variety of physical, psychological, and cultural
characteristics;
— specify the environments in which the package is (or is intended to be) used. Those attributes of the
physical or social environment are likely to have impacts on achieving the goals.
4.1.2 Opening strength
The nominal force to open the package shall be achievable by the intended users. This force should be
as low as possible without compromising the packaging integrity. Information on aspects of opening
strength is shown in Annex C.
4.1.3 Dexterity
The packaging opening mechanism shall be designed so that it is easily manipulated by the users with the
widest range of characteristics and capabilities. Information on aspects of dexterity is shown in Annex C.
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4.1.4 Cognition
Opening of the packaging shall be designed so that it is easily understood by the user. Consideration
should be given to a user’s sense of touch, sight, etc. Information on human cognitive, visual and tactile
aspects is shown in Annex E.
4.2 Specific considerations
4.2.1 Opening location
The opening location shall be readily found and its use easily understood. This can be achieved by
applying the following design considerations.
— The opening location is differentiated by visual markings using characters and/or imagery, such
as pictograms.
— Visual markings are designed by appropriate combinations of colour, font size, font type, etc.
— The opening location is differentiated by tactile markings using shape, notches, embossing, texture, etc.
NOTE Supporting data for human cognitive, visual and tactile aspects is in Annex E.
4.2.2 Methods and mechanisms of opening the package
The opening method and mechanism shall be easily identifiable and intuitively understandable. This
can be achieved by applying the following design considerations.
— The opening methods and mechanisms (turn, tear, peel, pull, push, etc.) are clearly shown if not evident.
— The package is designed so that it can be opened smoothly, irrespective of the size or power of the
users’ hands.
— The package is designed in such a way that spillage is prevented and that there is no risk of injury
for the user.
4.2.3 Force and handling aspects
The forces and handling aspects of the opening shall result in favourable openability.
The nominal force to open the package shall accommodate the large variety of the opening strength by
the intended user (e.g. children, people with disabilities, and older people) and the packaging integrity.
The package and its opening mechanisms shall be easily manipulated, taking into account the large
variety of-users’ dexterities (e.g. children, people with disabilities, older people, etc.).
NOTE Supporting data for strength and dexterity is in Annex C.
4.2.4 Reclosing of the package
Reclosing of the package (if applicable) shall be easy. This can be achieved by applying the following
design considerations:
— reclosing method is easily understood if not clear immediately;
— reclosing method and procedure are made clear by using characters/imagery, such as pictograms
with appropriate combinations of their size, font, contrast, and colour;
— reclosable packages are designed so that they can be re-opened smoothly.
EXAMPLE A touch or auditory (e.g. click) mechanism is used for reclosable packages to affirm that the
package has been reclosed.
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5 Evaluation of ease of opening
5.1 General
Instrument-based evaluation uses measuring instruments to obtain quantified data, such as force and
torque levels in physical tests.
Instrument-based methods in their current form (as shown in Annex B) will provide indicative measures
as to the nominal values of opening torque or force required but are unlikely to establish exact limits on
a user’s ability.
Hence, user-based studies are needed to be undertaken in parallel with instrument-based studies
to complement the results from those tests (i.e. if instrument evaluation consistently predicts lower
opening forces on Pack A than Pack B, we would expect Pack A to be opened by more people more easily).
User-based evaluation relies on methods involving humans with or without the use of measuring instruments.
It provides insight into the user’s sensory, physical, and cognitive aspects of accessibility.
5.2 Instrument-based evaluation
Instrument test methods can provide quantitative data with regards to certain attributes, such as
removal torque, peel strength, and ring pull force (mechanical). Evaluation of package design properties
such as glare, colour contrast, friction, size, weight, and temperature can be measured by different types
of instruments.
When designing a packaging to be easy to open, the data obtained from mechanical tests should be
used in combination with other design criteria of importance, as those described under Clause 4.
See Annex B and Annex C.
The data generated by these instrument-based evaluation test methods can be used to compare
characteristics of related packaging systems and to provide possible insights for improved designs.
5.3 User-based evaluation
Panel tests enable the qualitative assessment of packaging designs and allow the development of
an understanding of users approach to packaging openability and handling. Panel tests can be used
in conjunction with other qualitative research methods such as questionnaires and structured or
unstructured interviews. Panel tests can aid in the development process and the resulting data can
inform on the performance of a packaging against predetermined criteria.
The data generated by these user-based evaluation test methods can provide possible insights for
improved designs.
Instead of testing with the general population, one can select a test population from those that are most
sensitive based on their characteristics and capabilities in use of the packaging. The result will be valid
also for the general population that are less sensitive. An example of this is the selection of a panel in the
CEN 15 945 containing people in the ages between 65 and 80, which is regarded to be more sensitive
than the general population. General information on how to set up and perform user-based evaluation
can be found in the ISO 20282 series. See Annex D and Annex E.
To enable a fast screening of relevant basic features with regard to information design and handling of
consumer packaging, a checklist is included as Annex F.
6 Conformance
Conformance with this International Standard is achieved by satisfying all the requirements.
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If a package is claimed to have met the requirements in this International Standard, the procedure used
to determine how they have been met shall be specified. The detail to which the procedure is specified
is a matter of negotiation between the involved parties.
Users of this International Standard may either utilize the procedure and forms provided in Annex G or
develop another procedure tailored to their particular needs.
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Annex A
(informative)
Examples of opening-types
A.1 Turn to open
A screw cap can increase the accessibility of opening.
Figure A.1 — Screw top bottle
A.2 Tear to open
Notch or perforation helps open the package easily with fingertips.
Figure A.2 — Heat-sealed flexible bags
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A.3 Tear (apart) to open
The opening tab large enough to pinch and/or perforation applied on the film help open the package easily.
Figure A.3 — Shrink film
A.4 Peel to open
The opening tab large enough to pinch helps open the package easily.
Figure A.4 — Heat-sealed semi-rigid containers
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A.5 Pull to open
The lid can be easily removed by putting a finger into the ring and pulling it up.
Figure A.5 — Pull-tab packages
A.6 Push to open
The package will easily open by pushing through the back sheet (made of aluminium foil, paper, etc.).
Figure A.6 — Blister packages, a carton box, etc.
A.7 Push (up) to open
The package will open easily by pushing the intended part.
Figure A.7 — Hinged cap, a push-and-open container, etc.
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A.8 Pinch and peel to open
The package will open easily by pinching and peeling the intended part.
Figure A.8 — Flexible bag
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Annex B
(informative)
Examples of mechanical evaluation methods
B.1 General
Test methods might vary depending on the opening mechanisms and types of packaging. Conditioning
might depend on specific test standards or types of packaging.
The following are examples of test methods by opening-types. Other test standards that are not
introduced here may apply.
The data generated by these instrument-based evaluation test methods that can be used to compare
characteristics of related packaging systems and to provide possible insights for improved designs.
B.1.1 Turning
B.1.1.1 Equipment
A mechanical or electronic torque measuring device as shown in Figure B.1.
B.1.1.2 Test sample
Screw top container such as PET bottle, glass container, etc.
B.1.1.3 Procedure
Fix the test sample on the supporting table. Grasp the screw top preferably with a suitable chuck and
turn slowly anticlockwise. Read the torque at the time when the screw top starts turning. Also, read the
torque when the bridge has been detached. When turning the screw top, grasp it with just enough force
to turn without a slippage. Do not apply force more than necessary. For the packages intended to be
reclosed, turn the screw top clockwise until it stops turning. Turn slowly anticlockwise again and read
the maximum torque at the time when the screw top starts turning.
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Figure B.1 — Mechanical or electronic torque measuring device
B.1.2 Tearing
B.1.2.1 Equipment
A tensile tester with two clamps, one of which is mobile, as shown in Figure B.2.
B.1.2.2 Test Sample
A heat-sealed flexible bag with perforation, laser pre-cut, or notch.
B.1.2.3 Procedure
Hold the heat-sealed flexible bag with two clamps. Pull the mobile clamp at the load end of the equipment
in a perpendicular direction at a speed of 500 mm/min and tear 20 mm along the opening line. Read the
maximum force.
For the bags designed to be torn off for opening, pull the string until completely torn off. (Read the
maximum torque.)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure B.2 — Mechanical tensile measurement
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B.1.3 Peeling for rigid packaging
B.1.3.1 Equipment
The test equipment has a holder for securing the packaging. This holder simultaneously sets the direction
of opening and ensures a constant pull angle of 135° between the packaging components to be separated
during the entire opening process. The pull angle has to be constant across the opening distance. Therefore,
movement of the packaging has to be realized, for example, by a slide connected play-free to the traverse
of the tensile testing machine (see also Figure B.3). Secure, play-free clamping of the packaging shall be
guaranteed. For rigid packaging systems, securing with adhesive tape on the base of the packaging will
suffice. For semi-rigid packaging systems, the packaging shall be clamped on the underside of the sealed
seam to avoid bulging and deformation of the seam. Any deformation of flexible packaging components
(cover film) caused by the opening process shall not be hindered because the forces which act here also
have to be applied by consumers and are hence, relevant for opening the packaging.
NOTE For comparative measurements exclusively for determining the maximum forces (e.g. pull-open force)
without evaluating the opening pattern (e.g. the pulling open of the cover film), the use of hold-down plates is
allowed for securing the packaging and this has to be noted in the relevant test protocol.
B.1.3.2 Test sample
A peelable heat-sealed rigid or semi rigid container.
B.1.3.3 Procedure
B.1.3.3.1 Setting up the test equipment
— Alignment of the specimen holder to set the direction of opening and for centric alignment of the
clamp at the position of the pull geometry of the packaging (preferably use a template).
— Set the test software for automatic evaluation of relevant forces (pull-open force, pull-off force, and
other characteristic forces).
— Set an adequately high sampling rate for recording measurement values.
NOTE 50 to 100 measurement values per second are sensible for a test speed of 500 mm/min.
B.1.3.3.2 Clamping the test specimen
— Secure the packaging in the specimen holders and precisely heed the direction of opening.
— Zero the force without any tension in the pull-open tab.
— Clamp the pull-open tab without damaging the sealed seam. The load on the force gauge shall
not exceed±0,3 N after clamping the tab. If it does, the film clamps shall be loosened and the tab
clamped once again.
— The alignment of the pull contour shall be centric/symmetric to the film clamps.
B.1.3.3.3 Testing
— Pull the tab at a speed of 500 mm/min and at a constant angle of 135° between the packaging
components to be separated (constant across the opening distance).
NOTE 135° between the packaging components to be separated mostly equates to an angle of 45° on the
supporting table.
— Plot the opening force required to open the sealed seam as a function of the opening distance in a
force/distance graph and /or read the maximum tensile force at that time.
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— Document all observations about the opening behaviour (e.g. pulling of the cover film, delamination,
and thread formation).
Key
1 moving direction of the traverse
2 traverse
3 force gauge
4 connection between force gauge and film clamp
5 rail
6 slide
7 connection between slide and traverse
α peel angle
Figure B.3 — Illustration of mechanical tensile measurement tester for heat-sealed peelable
semi-rigid container
B.1.4 Peeling for flexible packaging
B.1.4.1 Equipment
The measurements are made using a tensile testing machine, which permits measurement and plotting
of the force at a constant peel speed and constant peel angle of 180°. The opening force should be able to
be measured and plotted to an accuracy of ±1 %.
Secure, play-free clamping of the packaging shall be guaranteed. Any deformation of flexible packaging
caused by the opening process shall not be hindered because the forces which act here also have to be
applied by consumers and are hence, relevant for opening the packaging.
For bags, the width of the clamps has a demonstrable effect on the resulting opening force. Hence, use
20 mm wide film clamps for clamping bags.
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