SIST-TP CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2005

Rotating electrical machines - Part 16-3: Excitation systems for synchronous machines - Dynamic performance

Briefly reviews the methods available for investigating the response characteristics of the synchronous machine with its closed-loop excitation control This publication has the status of a technical report type 2

Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 16-3: Erregersysteme für Synchronmaschinen - Dynamisches Betriebsverhalten

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 16-3: Systèmes d'excitation pour machines synchrones - Performances dynamiques

Passe brièvement en revue les méthodes existantes pour l'étude des caractéristiques de réponse de la machine synchrone avec son contrôle d'excitation en boucle fermée Cette publication à le statut d'un rapport technique de type2

Električni rotacijski stroji - 16-3. del: Vzbujalni sistemi za sinhronske stroje - Dinamične karakteristike (IEC/TR 60034-16-3:1996)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2005
• ICS: 29.160.10 - Components for rotating machines
• Technical Committee: ERS - Rotating machinery
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Due Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Completion Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Ref Project: CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2004 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 16-3: Excitation systems for synchronous machines - Dynamic performance

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2005
01-junij-2005
(OHNWULþQLURWDFLMVNLVWURMLGHO9]EXMDOQLVLVWHPL]DVLQKURQVNHVWURMH
'LQDPLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNH,(&75
Rotating electrical machines - Part 16-3: Excitation systems for synchronous machines -
Dynamic performance
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 16-3: Erregersysteme für Synchronmaschinen -
Dynamisches Betriebsverhalten
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 16-3: Systèmes d'excitation pour machines
synchrones - Performances dynamiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2004
ICS:
29.160.10 Sestavni deli rotacijskih Components for rotating
strojev machines
SIST-TP CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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TECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 60034-16-3
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT September 2004

ICS 29.160


English version


Rotating electrical machines
Part 16-3: Excitation systems for synchronous machines -
Dynamic performance
(IEC/TR 60034-16-3:1996)


Machines électriques tournantes Drehende elektrische Maschinen
Partie 16-3: Systèmes d'excitation Teil 16-3: Erregersysteme
pour machines synchrones - für Synchronmaschinen -
Performances dynamiques Dynamisches Betriebsverhalten
(CEI/TR 60034-16-3:1996) (IEC 60034-16-3:1996)






This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2004-07-03.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2004 E

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CLC/TR 60034-16-3:2004 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of the Technical Report IEC/TR 60034-16-3:1996, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery,
was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 60034-16-3 on
2004-07-03 without any modification.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the Technical Report IEC/TR 60034-16-3:1996 was approved by CENELEC as a Technical
Report without any modification.
__________

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RAPPORT CEI
TECHNIQUE -- TYPE 2 IEC
34-16-3
TECHNICAL
Première
REPORT - TYPE 2
First edition
1996-01
Machines électriques tournantes —
Partie 16:
Systèmes d'excitation pour machines synchrones —
Section 3: Performances dynamiques
Rotating electrical machines —
Part 16:
Excitation systems for synchronous machines —
Section 3: Dynamic performance
© CEI 1996 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut étre reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro- any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
in writing from the publisher.
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève, Suisse
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX
International Electrotechnical Commission
PRICE CODE
Q
ayHapomiac 3neKTporexHH4ecKaR
IEC Mes HOMKCCHR
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
• •
For price, see current catalogue

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3 –
34-16-3 © IEC:1996 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
Clause
11
1 Scope
11
2 Small signal performance
11
2.1 Methods of describing small signal performance
13
2.2 Effects of excitation control on system stability
15
2.3 Application of power system stabilizers
17
3 Large signal performance
17
3.1 General
17 3.2 Large signal performance criteria
13
Table 1 – Typical range of excited control system
Figures
21 1 Simplified excitation system and synchronous machine
23
2 Time response of a simplified excitation control system to a step change
3 Open-loop frequency response of a simplified excitation control system with the
25
synchronous machine open-circuited
4 Closed-loop frequency response of a simplified excitation control system with the
synchronous machine open-circuited 27
Pole/zero plot, open-loop, of a simplified excitation control system with the
5
29
synchronous machine open-circuited
Root locus plot, closed-loop of a simplified excitation control system with the
6
is varied 31
synchronous machine open-circuited as loop gain, K,
33 7 Power system stabilizer transfer function
33
8 Alternative power system stabilizer transfer function

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5 -
34-16-3 © IEC:1996 -
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES -
Part 16: Excitation systems for synchronous machines -
Section 3: Dynamic performance
FOREWORD
The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization
1)
comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to
promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic
fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt
with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations
liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, express as nearly as possible, an
2)
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the
3)
form of standards, technical repo rts or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
sense.
In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
4)
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
5)
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the
6)
subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional
circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report of one
of the following types:
type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an
•
International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
• type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other
reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International
Standard;
type 3, when the technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
•
which is normally published as an International Standard, for example `state of the art'.
Technical reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication to
decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of type
3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
IEC 34-16-3, which is a technical report of type 2, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 2: Rotating machinery.

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34-16-3 © IEC:1996 – 7 –
The text of this technical repo rt is based on the following documents:
Committee draft Report on voting
2/929/RVC
2/911 /CDV
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical repo rt can be found in the repo rt
on voting indicated in the above table.
rt series of publications (according to
This document is issued in the type 2 technical repo
1 of the ISO/IEC Directives) as a 'prospective standard for provisional
G.3.2.2 of pa rt
ormance of excitation systems for synchronous
application' in the field of dynamic pe rf
machines because there is an urgent requirement for guidance on how standards in this field
should be used to meet an identified need.
This document is not to be regarded as an 'International Standard'. It is proposed for
provisional application so that information and experience of its use in practice may be
gathered. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the IEC Central Office.
s will be carried out not later than three years after their
A review of type 2 technical repo rt
publication with the options of: extension for another three years; conversion into an
International Standard; or withdrawal.
16 of a series of publications dealing with rotating
This repo rt forms section 3 of Pa rt
machinery, the other pa rts being:
rformance, issued as IEC 34-1
Pa rt 1: Rating and pe
Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from
Part 2:
tests (excludig machines for traction vehicles), issued as IEC 34-2.
Specific requirements for turbine-type synchronous machines, issued as IEC 34-3.
Part 3:
Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests, issued as
Part 4:
IEC 34-4.
Pa rt 5: Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures of rotating machines
(IP code), issued as IEC 34-5
Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code), issued as IEC 34-6.
Classification of types of constructions and mounting arrangements (IM code),
Part 7:
issued as IEC 34-7
Terminal markings and direction of rotation of rotating machines, issued as IEC 34-8.
Pa rt 8:
Part 9: Noise limits, issued as IEC 34-9.
Part 10: Conventions for description of synchronous machines, issued as IEC 34-10.
Part 11: Built-in thermal protection – Chapter 1: Rules for protection of rotating electrical
machines, issued as IEC 34-11.

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9 –
34-16-3 © IEC:1996 –
Part 11-2: Built-in thermal protection – Chapter 2: Thermal detectors and control units used in
thermal protection systems, issued as IEC 34-11-2.
Part 11-3: Built-in thermal protection – Chapter 3: General rules for thermal protectors used in
thermal protection systems, issued as IEC 34-11-3.
Starting performance of single-speed three-phase cage induction motors for
Part 12:
voltages up to and including 660 V, issued as IEC 34-12.
Specification for mill auxiliary motors, issued as IEC 34-13.
Part 13:
Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher –
Part 14:
Measurement, evaluation and limits of the vibration severity, issued as IEC 34-14.
Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of rotating a.c. machines with form-wound stator
coils, issued as IEC 34-15.
Part 16-1: Excitation systems for synchronous machines – Chapter 1: Definitions, issued as
IEC 34-16-1.
Part 16-2: Excitation systems for synchronous machines – Chapter 2: Models for power
system studies, issued as IEC 34-16-2.

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– 11 -
34-16-3 © IEC:1996
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES —
Part 16: Excitation systems for synchronous machines —
Section 3: Dynamic performance
1 Scope
This section briefly reviews the methods available for investigating the response characteristics
of the synchronous machine with its closed-loop excitation control.
The general functional block diagram of excitation systems (see figure 1 of IEC 34-16-2)
indicates the various excitation system components which have to be considered in power
system stability studies.
Description of typical response, performance characteristics and indices as well as
performance criteria are given.
2 Small signal performance
Methods of describing small signal performance
2.1
2.1.1 General
ormance describes the response of the excitation control and the synchronous
Small signal pe rf
machine to signals which are sufficiently small that non-linearities can be disregarded and the
behaviour of the system can be represented by a linear model. Small signal performance of
components and systems can best be described as follows.
2.1.2 Time response
A simplified excitation system and open-circuited synchronous machine are shown in figure 1.
The time response to a step change with the feedback loop closed is illustrated in figure 2. The
performance indices of interest are the rise time, overshoot and settling time as indicated.
2.1.3 Frequency response
In a linear system, the frequency response is the frequency-dependent relationship expressed
by the magnitude and the phase difference between steady-state sinusoidal inputs and the
resultant steady-state sinusoidal outputs.
The open-loop frequency response characteristics of figure 1 are shown in figure 3 for the
simplified excitation system with the synchronous machine open-circuited. The indices of
the low frequency gain G, angular crossover frequency co p, phase margin and
interest are
Om
. The corresponding closed-loop frequency response is shown in figure 4. Here
gain margin Gm
, the peak value Mp of the gain characteristic, and
the indices of interest are the bandwidth cub
Mp occurs. These performance indices
the angular frequency ° m at which the peak value
provide measures of the relative stability and indication of the time response characteristics.

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34-16-3 © IEC:1996 – 13 –
2.1.4 Complex frequency domain
The dynamic characteristics of a control system can be evaluated by mapping the eigenvalues
(characteristics roots) of its Laplace transfer function in the complex frequency domain. Typical
root locations of an excitation system with the terminal voltage feedback loop open and the
synchronous machine open-circuited are shown in figure 5.
A root locus plot typically maps the locations of the closed-loop poles as the loop
...