SIST-TP CEN/TR 15419:2006
(Main)Protective clothing - Guidelines for selection, use, care and maintenance of chemical protective clothing
Protective clothing - Guidelines for selection, use, care and maintenance of chemical protective clothing
This technical report is primarily intended for users, specifiers and others with responsibility for the procurement and provision of chemical protective clothing. It is also intended to be used by manufacturers in their dialogue with the users of PPE.
This technical report is intended to clarify the inter-relationship of the set of standards, developed by CEN/TC 162 WG 3, and to explain the main ideas behind these standards. This set of standards has been developed in support of the European legislation on PPE and is currently used as a major technical tool for the assessment and certification of CPC before it is put on the European market.
These guidelines are intended to assist users and specifiers in selecting the correct type of CPC for the task to be performed, and to help them ensure it is used according to the manufacturer's instructions to provide adequate protection during its entire lifetime. Lifetime and effectiveness of protective clothing depend largely on care and maintenance. When cleaning, disinfection and end-of-life disposal are considered the environmental impact should also be taken into account.
This technical report does not address chemical nuisance factors without potential impact on a person's health and safety, e.g. smell.
Schutzkleidung - Leitfaden für Auswahl, Gebrauch, Pflege und Bereithaltung von Chemikalienschutzkleidung
Vetements de protection - Recommandations pour la sélection, l'utilisation, l'entretien et la maintenance des vetements de protection chimique
Le présent Rapport Technique est principalement destiné aux utilisateurs, aux personnes chargées de la sélection des produits et aux responsables des achats de vetements de protection chimique. Il s'adresse également aux fabricants qui peuvent l'utiliser lors de leurs contacts et de leurs échanges avec les utilisateurs d’équipements de protection individuelle (EPI).
Le présent Rapport Technique se propose de clarifier les relations entre les différentes parties de la série de normes développée dans le cadre du GT 3 du CEN/TC 162 et d'expliquer les principales notions et concepts qui se dégagent de ces normes. Ladite série de normes a été élaborée dans le but d'aider a l’application de la législation européenne sur les équipements de protection individuelle (EPI) et elle sert actuellement, en tant que support technique majeur, a l'évaluation et a la certification des vetements de protection chimique (VPC) avant leur mise sur le marché européen.
Ces recommandations sont destinées a aider les utilisateurs et les personnes chargées de la sélection des vetements a choisir le type de VPC qui convient le mieux a la tâche a exécuter et a leur permettre de s'assurer de la bonne utilisation de ces vetements de maniere a ce qu'ils garantissent une protection adéquate tout au long de leur durée d'utilisation. La durée d'utilisation d'un vetement de protection et son efficacité dépendent dans une large mesure de son entretien. Lors du nettoyage et de la décontamination, et avant la mise au rebut en fin de durée d'utilisation, il convient de tenir compte également de l'effet sur l'environnement.
Le présent Rapport Technique n'aborde pas les facteurs de nuisance chimiques sans effets nocifs potentiels sur la santé et la sécurité des personnes, tels que les odeurs, par exemple.
Varovalna obleka - Smernice za izbiro, uporabo, nego in vzdrževanje varovalne obleke, ki varuje pred kemikalijami
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15419:2006
01-julij-2006
Varovalna obleka - Smernice za izbiro, uporabo, nego in vzdrževanje varovalne
obleke, ki varuje pred kemikalijami
Protective clothing - Guidelines for selection, use, care and maintenance of chemical
protective clothing
Schutzkleidung - Leitfaden für Auswahl, Gebrauch, Pflege und Bereithaltung von
Chemikalienschutzkleidung
Vetements de protection - Recommandations pour la sélection, l'utilisation, l'entretien et
la maintenance des vetements de protection chimique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15419:2006
ICS:
13.340.10
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15419:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15419
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2006
ICS 13.340.10
English Version
Protective clothing - Guidelines for selection, use, care and
maintenance of chemical protective clothing
Vêtements de protection - Recommandations pour la Schutzkleidung - Leitfaden für Auswahl, Gebrauch, Pflege
sélection, l'utilisation et l'entretien des vêtements de und Bereithaltung von Chemikalienschutzkleidung
protection chimique
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 April 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 162.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15419:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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CEN/TR 15419:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations.5
2.1 Terms and definitions .5
2.2 Abbreviations.6
3 Selection .6
3.1 General.6
3.2 Assessment of the nature of the hazard .7
4 Use and training for safe use .16
4.1 Information for use .16
4.2 Training.17
5 Care and maintenance .18
5.1 General.18
5.2 Decontamination and cleaning.19
Annex A (informative) Risk assessment scheme.22
A.1 Introduction.22
A.2 General.22
Annex B (informative) Example of a label.28
Bibliography .29
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CEN/TR 15419:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15419:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 162 “Protective
clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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Introduction
Although the general SUCAM document developed within CEN/TC 162 provides a lot of useful information, it
was felt that a specific SUCAM document for chemical protective clothing (CPC) was necessary, in view of the
very specific problems linked with the use of CPC (very large variety of risks, disinfection, etc.)
Workplace hazards should be reduced to the lowest level reasonably achievable. This can be done by
eliminating the risk, by taking engineering measures such as encapsulation of the risk, by system control
and/or by providing safe work place practices, which can include the use of CPC.
This means that the role of CPC in controlling the residual risk should be established in the correct context.
The performance requirements for CPC should be characterized in terms of the nature, quantity and physical
form of the hazardous chemical and the likelihood of contamination.
PPE should be evaluated as a whole, not only by its performance related to protection. Other factors such as
usability and maintenance should also be taken into account to match the equipment and the intended use.
Selection and use are more people-related, whereas care and maintenance are more product-related.
The risk related to the use of chemicals varies widely with the nature of the hazard and the conditions and
duration of exposure to the chemicals. Therefore risk and exposure assessment should be done very carefully
in order to avoid overprotection and to ensure full acceptance of the protective clothing, which is often used in
extremely dangerous work environments.
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1 Scope
This technical report is primarily intended for users, specifiers and others with responsibility for the
procurement and provision of chemical protective clothing. It is also intended to be used by manufacturers in
their dialogue with the users of PPE.
This technical report is intended to clarify the inter-relationship of the set of standards, developed by CEN/TC
162 WG 3, and to explain the main ideas behind these standards. This set of standards has been developed
in support of the European legislation on PPE and is currently used as a major technical tool for the
assessment and certification of CPC before it is put on the European market.
These guidelines are intended to assist users and specifiers in selecting the correct type of CPC for the task
to be performed, and to help them ensure it is used according to the manufacturer's instructions to provide
adequate protection during its entire lifetime. Lifetime and effectiveness of protective clothing depend largely
on care and maintenance. When cleaning, disinfection and end-of-life disposal are considered the
environmental impact should also be taken into account.
This technical report does not address chemical nuisance factors without potential impact on a person's health
and safety, e.g. smell.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
2.1 Terms and definitions
A general glossary document (EN ISO/TR 11610) has been drafted by CEN/TC 162. Most terms, definitions
and abbreviations pertaining to PPE can be found in that document.
For the purposes of this Technical Report the following additional terms and definitions are used.
2.1.1
air-impermeable materials
materials through which gases cannot pass except by a diffusion process on a molecular level
2.1.2
air-permeable materials
materials with pores or apertures that allow the transmission of gases
2.1.3
breakthrough time
time elapsed between the initial application of a chemical to the outer surface of a material and its subsequent
presence on the other (inner) side of the material, measured by the test method described in the relevant
standard
2.1.4
care
actions to keep PPE in good working order, including procedures of cleaning, drying, decontamination and
storage
2.1.5
chemical hazard
potential of a chemical to cause harm or damage to a person's health or to the human body
2.1.6
chemical protective clothing (CPC)
combination of garments worn to provide protection to the skin against exposure to or contact with chemicals
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2.1.7
exposure
mass flow of chemical against and through the protective garment. Exposure to chemicals depends on the
type and duration of work and the dermal effects of chemicals
2.1.8
limited use CPC
CPC for limited duration of use, i.e. to be worn until hygienic cleaning becomes necessary or chemical
contamination has occurred and disposal is required. This includes protective clothing for single use and for
limited re-use according to the information supplied by the manufacturer
2.1.9
maintenance
actions to preserve CPC from loss of protective performance. Maintenance includes procedures for inspection,
repair and eventually removal from service
2.1.10
re-usable CPC
CPC made from materials that allow repeated cleaning after exposure to chemicals such that it remains
suitable for subsequent use
2.1.11
risk
probability of a specific undesired event occurring so that a hazard is realised
2.1.12
risk assessment
quantification of the risk relating to one or several hazards (including the process of determining these)
2.1.13
selection
process of determining the type of protective equipment (garments, gloves, etc.) necessary to provide the
required protection
2.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this Technical Report the following abbreviations are used:
2.2.1
CPC
chemical protective clothing
2.2.2
PPE
personal protective equipment
2.2.3
SUCAM
selection, use, care and maintenance
3 Selection
3.1 General
Selection is a step by step procedure starting with risk assessment for a given work situation.
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Risk assessment should take into account the use of preventive measures other than the use of CPC and
related PPE. If the chemical risk can not be adequately reduced by these preventive measures, CPC and
related PPE should be specified to protect against the residual risk.
To ensure the correct choice and use of CPC by the user, the protective performance of the CPC, its correct
use and the limitations to its use should be made clear.
The following steps should be considered:
• Assessment of the nature of the hazard;
• Assessment of risk;
• Assessment of need of protection;
• Additional considerations;
• Definition of CPC material criteria;
• Selection of CPC.
3.2 Assessment of the nature of the hazard
To assess the nature of the hazard, "material safety data sheets" and other relevant literature should be used.
The following considerations should be taken into account in assessing the hazardous nature of the chemical:
a) The access route of the chemical to the body: an assessment of the adverse health effects from chemical
contact is the most important factor in the determination of the right CPC, with an emphasis on the local
effects on the skin (e.g., effects of skin contact such as chemical burns, corrosion, staining, irritation, etc.),
and the systemic effects of chemicals that might permeate the skin and enter the blood stream
1) by skin damage: corrosive chemicals destroy the unprotected skin and flesh by direct attack. Other
chemicals such as petrol, paint, solvents and cleaning fluids will dissolve the skin's natural oils,
leaving the skin dry and liable to form painful cracks or to develop dermatitis and/or sensitization.
Such damage to the skin, together with any existent cuts and grazes, provides entry points for
foreign substances and thus increases the risk of harm to the body,
2) by absorption through the skin: chemicals can pass through the skin and be carried in the
bloodstream resulting in injury to other parts of the body that are remote from the initial point of
contact. Rapid absorption by the skin is a very important issue to consider. Poisoning due to phenol
and related compounds can be quoted as an example where skin exposure and subsequent
absorption is of particular concern. A large contact surface area on the skin provides a significant
route of chemical entry,
3) by other access routes, e.g. the eyes or the respiratory or digestive tract;
b) The body's tolerance and rate of elimination of a foreign substance varies from person to person, and can
also vary within the same individual at different times or under different circumstances;
c) The harmful effects will depend roughly on the amount of substance in contact with the skin or absorbed
by it. Hence they will be related to the mass of substance to which the body has been exposed, the area
of contact, the in-use concentration, and to the frequency and duration of exposure;
d) Exposure to high doses of a chemical, e.g. by a jet of liquid or a copious splash, should be an immediate
major concern, besides the risk of exposure through inadvertent ingestion and inhalation;
e) The pattern of skin exposures to substances will vary across the spectra of frequency, duration and
concentration. Long term adverse health effects can be linked with low level exposures (small amounts of
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substances) on a regular basis. Because acute and chronic exposures can result in very different adverse
effects on human health, both need to be considered in the overall risk assessment;
f) Mixtures (multi-components of chemicals) can increase the risk from exposure, e.g. the rate of absorption
through the skin can be higher if a chemical is used in conjunction with some solvents. The effects of
mixtures (whether or not they include solvents) can be greater than those of their constituent parts.
3.3 Assessment of the risk
Risk assessment should be carried out by suitably qualified personnel. The knowledge and experience of the
PPE users should be taken into account.
A risk assessment procedure includes:
identification of the activities that require the use of CPC;
list of the hazards present;
quantification of the risks that would result from exposure to the hazards at the foreseeable level and
duration;
whether CPC is needed or whether the problem can be solved by other measures; considerations of the
protection provided by other control measures;
determination of the level and extent of protection required from the CPC (in absolute or relative terms);
environment where the protection has to be worn;
additional risks inherent to the use of PPE (ergonomic considerations, heat stress, etc.).
A number of risk assessment models may be used to determine the level of risk associated with the activities.
Annex A gives an example of a risk assessment scheme.
Furthermore the following factors should be considered:
Permeation takes place without visible evidence;
Even the best CPC will not perform properly if torn, cut, damaged, degraded or contaminated;
A barrier may protect against one chemical properly, but perform poorly against another or a mixture of
chemicals;
Higher temperatures usually decrease the breakthrough time, whereas lower temperatures increase the
time;
Degradation may be the most important factor in chemical resistance for many chemicals (acids, etc.);
Generally, thicker barrier material increases the time to break through, but reduces glove tactility and
dexterity;
Once a chemical has been absorbed by the barrier material, it continues to permeate through the material
after chemical exposure has ceased.
3.4 Assessment of the need of protection (developing a product specification for CPC)
The determination of a product specification for CPC should not focus exclusively on chemical risk. Other
types of risk (accumulation of electrostatic charges, biological risks, flammability, thermal risks, mechanical
risks, etc.) should also be considered.
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A step-by-step procedure should be followed (from the German BBA guidelines for pesticides – see Annex A):
quantify the risk (see risk assessment);
determine if all steps have been taken to reduce the risk, i.e. if the residual risk is such that the use of
CPC is justified;
determine which parts of the body require protection;
identify the relevant product standard(s) (and/or test methods) for the type of PPE needed for this work
situation;
determine the level(s) of protection required (for the relevant parts of the body) in relative or absolute
terms for each item of protective clothing;
determine the residual risk after introduction of the PPE.
3.5 Other considerations
3.5.1 General
All other elements that influence the overall performance and the total cost of ownership of limited-use and
reusable protective clothing, need to be considered.
3.5.2 Quality assurance offered by the supplier
service after sales;
quality assurance measures put in place by the supplier (e.g. certified quality management system in
accordance with EN ISO 9001);
if relevant, quality assurance guarantees offered by the rental company.
3.5.3 Logistics
available sizes, delivery time for standard and special sizes;
delivery from stock held by the supplier;
provision of corporate identity clothing (without affecting performance);
arrangements for collection of soiled items and delivery of clean items;
stock within the organisation;
internal distribution to the end-users.
3.6 Garment material selection criteria
3.6.1 General
The performance of CPC in a specific work situation is largely determined by the performance of the materials
used for its construction, and the way they are assembled into a protective garment.
A large variety of material product families is used for the production of CPC materials, e.g. woven and knitted
textiles, nonwovens, nonwoven laminates, coated fabrics, films, and rubber. Moreover, each of these groups
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comes in an infinite variety of combinations, modifications or variations. Hence a generic material performance
indication is not sufficient to characterize a specific material.
It should not be assumed that the use of a specific polymer material will provide the level of chemical
protection required. Neither should weight or thickness of a fabric be assumed to relate automatically to its
ability to protect. The specifier should always seek written confirmation from the manufacturer that the material
used in the garment has been tested against the specific hazardous chemical encountered in the work
situation, and that the level of protection measured is sufficient for the task.
The applied test procedure should be clearly referenced. References to the appropriate test method standards
and conventional performance levels can be found in EN 14325.
The European standards for chemical protective clothing use the approach of "performance profiles" for
material assessment. This means that no strict minimum values are required. For a series of relevant
parameters (chemical, mechanical, burning behaviour) test methods are established and performance classes
are defined. This creates a common base for discussion between users and manufacturers. The
manufacturers have a tool to express the performance profile of their product and the user should try to define
his "needs profile" with the same parameters, based on the interpretation of his risk assessment.
3.6.2 Chemical barrier properties
3.6.2.1 General
These tests intend to assess the barrier properties of materials against the ingress of chemicals by a diffusive
molecular process (permeation test) or through small openings in the material (penetration test). The
permeation test is performed on air-impermeable materials, whereas the penetration test is more appropriate
for air-permeable materials.
3.6.2.2 Chemical permeation
Test method standards: EN ISO 6529 (clothing materials) and EN 374-3 (gloves and clothing material).
Principle of test: The test cell is divided in two compartments by the protective material, which acts as a barrier.
One of the compartments is filled with a determined quantity of chemical. The concentration of that chemical
on the other side of the barrier is monitored and the breakthrough time is established.
Performance classes: from 1 to 6 based on breakthrough times. Class 1 corresponds to a breakthrough time
of at least 10 minutes, whereas class 6 represents a breakthrough time of more than 8 hours.
Comments:
Breakthrough times should be considered as an indication of the resistance of materials to diffusive
permeation, not as real use times. Real use times depend on a lot of other factors, e.g. temperature,
movements, pressure etc.
This test method is only applicable to gases and liquids. Some solids, such as phenol, permeate barrier
materials as well.
Although class 6 performance is to be preferred, fabrics that only achieve class 2 or 3 may still give
adequate protection, provided that any surface contamination is washed off the garment promptly and
that no gross chemical degradation is apparent.
Permeation data should be made available by the manufacturer for the chemicals encountered in the
actual work situation. If the chemical hazard is not known in advance, for example in emergency
situations, a test-battery of chemicals may be used. Such a battery includes examples of many different
types of chemicals and includes some of those that are most likely to permeate fabrics. An example is
given in EN 943-2.
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3.6.2.3 Chemical penetration
Test method standard: EN ISO 6530 (penetration by liquids).
Principle of test: A small quantity of liquid is dispensed onto the surface of the protective clothing material,
which is laid in an inclined gutter at an angle of 45°. The liquid is allowed to run off and the quantity that
penetrates the material is measured. Results are expressed as repellency and penetration indexes (in %).
Performance classes: From 1 to 3 for both repellency and penetration. The highest class marks the best
performance, i.e. the highest repellency (>95%) and the lowest penetration (<1 %).
Comments:
The test is less accurate for volatile liquids, which partly evaporate during the test.
The test is only applicable to liquid chemicals. Protection against solid chemical particles and dusts is
evaluated according to EN ISO 13982-2, which is not a material test but a whole suit test.
The ability of a garment as a whole to protect against liquids is tested according to EN 468 (spray test)
and EN 463 (jet test).
Liquid repellency is often caused by the presence of a repellent finish on the outer surface of the material.
The durability/ageing of this finish is of utmost importance. The manufacturer should provide data on the
durability (cleaning) and potentially the re-application of the finish.
3.6.3 Mechanical properties
3.6.3.1 General
The following parameters were selected to represent the mechanical behaviour of the clothing material:
Abrasion resistance: to simulate wear by rubbing against abrasive surfaces, e.g. walls;
Flex cracking resistance: to simulate the deterioration of the material by folding and flexing in-use. Flexing
will lead to breaking and fraying of fibres and yarns in the fabric structure or to formation of cracks in
coatings;
Tear resistance: to simulate the material's ability to withstand propagation of a tear;
Bursting strength: to simulate the material's ability to withstand biaxial deformation;
Tensile strength: as a measure for the material's overall strength;
Puncture resistance: to simulate the resistance of the material against sharp pointed objects, which may
cause perforations.
3.6.3.2 Abrasion resistance
Test method standard: EN 530 method 2.
Principle of test: A test specimen is rubbed with a cyclic movement against an abrasive paper under a defined
pressure. The rubbing cycles are such that the whole surface of the specimen is exposed. The material is
assessed at set intervals for holes or perforations. The test is stopped when the material is perforated (hole
formation). The number of cycles to obtain that perforation is used to express the abrasion resistance.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the number of abrasive cycles, class 6 being the best
performance.
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Comments:
This test provides a ranking of materials, but can not be used to predict the durability of a material in real
working conditions.
3.6.3.3 Flex-cracking resistance
Test method standard: EN ISO 7854 method B.
Principle of test: A test specimen is clamped in an apparatus that makes a longitudinal (compression)
movement. The material is assessed at set intervals for holes or perforations. The test is stopped when the
material is perforated (hole formation). The number of cycles to obtain that perforation is used to express the
flex cracking resistance.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the number of flexing cycles, class 6 being the best performance.
Comments:
This test provides a ranking of materials, but can not be used to predict the durability of a material in real
working conditions.
Most materials are susceptible to low temperatures. When using CPC in cold regions or when working
with cryogenic liquids, a flex cracking test at low temperature (-30 °C) should be made.
3.6.3.4 Trapezoidal tear resistance
Test method standard: EN ISO 9073-4.
Principle of test: An incision is made in a trapezoidally shaped test specimen. Two sides of the specimen are
clamped in the jaws of a tensile machine. The specimen is pulled apart, creating a tear along the incision line.
The force to make the specimen tear is recorded.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the tearing force, class 6 being the best performance.
Comments:
This test provides a ranking of materials, but can not be used to predict the durability of a material in real
working conditions.
The test was originally conceived for nonwovens, but may also be applied to other fabrics.
3.6.3.5 Bursting strength
Test method standard: EN ISO 13938-1, with a test ring of 50 cm².
Principle of test: A test specimen is clamped between two rings and submitted to an increasing pressure until
it bursts. The bursting force is recorded.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the perforation force, class 6 being the best performance.
Comments:
This test provides a ranking of materials, but cannot be used to predict the durability of a material in real
working conditions.
The test result will depend on the surface of the clamping ring. Tests made with rings of different
diameters cannot be compared.
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3.6.3.6 Tensile strength
Test method standard: EN ISO 13934-1.
Principle of test: A 50 mm wide strip of fabric is clamped between the jaws of a tensile machine and pulled
apart. The breaking force is recorded.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the tensile strength, class 6 being the best performance.
Comments:
This test provides a ranking of materials, but cannot be used to predict the durability of a material in real
working conditions.
This test is not applicable to all types of material structure. For knitted materials bursting strength is a
more representative parameter.
3.6.3.7 Puncture resistance
Test method standard: EN 863.
Principle of test: A steel point is pushed onto the surface of the material. The force to perforate the material is
recorded.
Performance classes: From 1 to 6, based on the perforation force, class 6 being the best performance.
Comment:
This test provides a ranking of
...
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