SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
(Main)Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042:2022)
Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042:2022)
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating
systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or
copper alloys.
It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen
embrittlement, see 4.4 and Annex B.
It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and
cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties:
— with or without conversion coating,
— with or without sealant,
— with or without top coat,
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, coppersilver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium)
are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric
threads.
The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners take precedence over other documents
dealing with electroplating.
This document applies to steel bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded
fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets.
NOTE Electroplating is also applied to stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to
avoid galling.
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability
Verbindungselemente - Galvanisch aufgebrachte Überzugsysteme (ISO 4042: 2022)
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an Verbindungselemente aus Stahl mit galvanisch aufgebrachten Überzügen und Überzugsystemen fest. Die Maßanforderungen sind auch für Verbindungselemente aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen anzuwenden.
Es legt außerdem Anforderungen fest und gibt Empfehlungen, um das Risiko einer Wasserstoffversprödung auf ein Mindestmaß zu verringern; siehe 4.4 und Anhang B.
Es gilt hauptsächlich für Verbindungselemente mit Zink- und Zinklegierungsüberzugsystemen (Zink, Zink-Nickel, Zink-Eisen) und Cadmium, die vor allem für den Korrosionsschutz und weitere funktionelle Eigenschaften bestimmt sind:
— mit oder ohne Konversionsschicht;
— mit oder ohne Versiegelung;
— mit oder ohne Deckschicht;
— mit oder ohne Schmiermittel (integriertes Schmiermittel und/oder nachträglich aufgebrachtes Schmiermittel).
Die Festlegungen für weitere galvanisch aufgebrachte Überzüge und Überzugsysteme (Zinn, Zinn-Zink, Kupfer-Zinn, Kupfer-Silber, Kupfer, Silber, Kupfer-Zink, Nickel, Nickel-Chrom, Kupfer-Nickel, Kupfer-Nickel-Chrom) sind in diesem Dokument nur für Maßanforderungen in Bezug auf Verbindungselemente mit metrischem ISO Gewinde enthalten.
Die Anforderungen dieses Dokuments an Verbindungselemente mit galvanisch aufgebrachten Überzügen haben Vorrang vor anderen Dokumenten zur elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung.
Dieses Dokument ist für Schrauben und Muttern aus Stahl mit metrischem ISO Gewinde, für andere Verbindungselemente mit Gewinde sowie für Verbindungselemente ohne Gewinde, wie Scheiben, Stifte, Clips und Niete anzuwenden.
ANMERKUNG Galvanische Überzüge werden auch auf Verbindungselemente aus nichtrostendem Stahl aufgebracht, z. B. zur Schmierung, um ein Fressen zu vermeiden.
Hinweise zur konstruktiven Ausführung und zur Montage von beschichteten Verbindungselementen sind in Anhang A aufgeführt.
Dieses Dokument legt keine Anforderungen an Eigenschaften wie Schweißbarkeit oder Lackierbarkeit fest.
Fixations - Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques (ISO 4042: 2022)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences pour les fixations en acier avec revêtements et systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques. Les exigences relatives aux caractéristiques dimensionnelles s'appliquent également aux fixations en cuivre ou en alliages de cuivre.
Il spécifie également les exigences et donne des recommandations afin de minimiser le risque de fragilisation par l'hydrogène; voir 4.4 et l'Annexe B.
Il s'applique principalement aux fixations avec revêtement de zinc et d'alliage de zinc (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-fer) et de cadmium ainsi qu’aux systèmes de revêtements, essentiellement destinés à la protection contre la corrosion et à l'obtention d'autres caractéristiques fonctionnelles:
— avec ou sans couche de conversion;
— avec ou sans finition «sealer»;
— avec ou sans finition «top coat»;
— avec ou sans lubrifiant (lubrifiant intégré et/ou lubrifiant additionnel).
Les spécifications concernant d'autres revêtements et systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques (étain, étain-zinc, cuivre-étain, cuivre-argent, cuivre, argent, cuivre-zinc, nickel, nickel-chrome, cuivre-nickel, cuivre-nickel-chrome) sont incluses dans le présent document uniquement pour les exigences dimensionnelles relatives aux fixations à filetage métrique ISO.
Les exigences du présent document pour les fixations avec revêtement électrolytique priment sur celles des autres documents traitant de revêtement électrolytique.
Le présent document s'applique aux fixations en acier, vis, goujons, tiges filetées et écrous à filetage métrique ISO, et autres fixations filetées et non filetées telles que les rondelles, les goupilles, les clips et les rivets.
NOTE Le revêtement électrolytique est également appliqué aux fixations en acier inoxydable, par exemple pour assurer la lubrification afin d'éviter le grippage.
Des informations sur la conception et l'assemblage des fixations revêtues sont données à l'Annexe A.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas d'exigence pour les caractéristiques telles que la soudabilité ou l'aptitude à la peinture.
Vezni elementi - Sistemi galvanskih prevlek veznih elementov (ISO 4042:2022)
Ta dokument določa zahteve za jeklene vezne elemente z galvanskimi prevlekami in sistemi galvanskih prevlek. Zahteve, povezane z dimenzijskimi lastnostmi, veljajo tudi za vezne elemente, izdelane iz bakra in bakrovih zlitin. Določa tudi zahteve in podaja priporočila za zmanjševanje tveganja za krhkost v stiku z vodikom (glej 4.4 in dodatek B). Uporablja se predvsem za sisteme cinkovih prevlek ter prevlek iz cinkovih zlitin (cink, cink-nikelj, cink-železo) in kadmija, namenjene predvsem za zaščito proti koroziji in zagotavljanje drugih funkcionalnih lastnosti: – z ali brez reakcijske prevleke; – z ali brez tesnilne mase; – z ali brez premaza; – z ali brez maziva (ki je sestavni del in/ali naknadno dodano mazivo). Specifikacije za druge galvanske prevleke in sisteme prevlek (kositer, kositer-cink, baker-kositer, baker-srebro, baker, srebro, baker-cink, nikelj, nikelj-krom, baker-nikelj, baker-nikelj-krom) so zajete v tem dokumentu samo za dimenzijske zahteve, povezane z veznimi elementi z ISO-metričnimi navoji. Zahteve tega dokumenta za galvanske vezne elemente imajo prednost pred drugimi dokumenti, ki obravnavajo galvanizacijo. Ta dokument se uporablja za jeklene vijake in matice z ISO-metričnim navojem, druge vezne elemente z navoji, ter vezne elemente brez navojev, kot so podložke, zatiči, objemke in zakovice. OPOMBA: Galvanizacija se uporablja tudi za vezne elemente iz nerjavnega jekla, npr. za mazanje, da bi se izognili lepljenju materiala z ene komponente na drugo. Informacije o projektiranju in sestavljanju prevlečenih veznih elementov so podane v dodatku A. Ta dokument ne določa zahtev za lastnosti veznih elementov, kot je varivost ali možnost barvanja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
01-september-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 4042:2018
Vezni elementi - Sistemi galvanskih prevlek veznih elementov (ISO 4042:2022)
Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042:2022)
Verbindungselemente - Galvanisch aufgebrachte Überzugsysteme (ISO 4042: 2022)
Fixations - Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques (ISO 4042: 2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4042:2022
ICS:
21.060.01 Vezni elementi na splošno Fasteners in general
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
SIST EN ISO 4042:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
EN ISO 4042
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 21.060.01 Supersedes EN ISO 4042:2018
English Version
Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042:2022)
Fixations - Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques Verbindungselemente - Galvanisch aufgebrachte
(ISO 4042: 2022) Überzugsysteme (ISO 4042: 2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4042:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
EN ISO 4042:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
EN ISO 4042:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4042:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2 "Fasteners" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 185 “Fasteners” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2022, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4042:2018.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4042:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4042:2022 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4042
Fourth edition
2022-06
Fasteners — Electroplated coating
systems
Fixations — Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques
Reference number
ISO 4042:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General characteristics of the coating . 2
4.1 Coating metals or alloys and main purposes . 2
4.2 Build-up of basic electroplated coating systems . 3
4.3 Coating systems and coating processes . 4
4.4 Internal hydrogen embrittlement . 4
4.4.1 General . 4
4.4.2 Fasteners with hardness up to 360 HV . 5
4.4.3 Fasteners with hardness above 360 HV and up to 390 HV . 5
4.4.4 Fasteners with hardness above 390 HV . 5
4.4.5 Fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3 . 6
4.4.6 Case-hardened fasteners . . . 7
4.4.7 Work hardened fasteners and fasteners with threads rolled after heat
treatment . 8
4.4.8 Fasteners with bainitic structure . 9
4.5 Baking . 9
5 Corrosion protection and testing .9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Neutral salt spray test (NSS) for zinc-based coating systems . 10
5.3 Sulfur dioxide test (Kesternich test) . 11
5.4 Bulk handling, automatic processes such as feeding and/or sorting, storage and
transport .12
6 Dimensional requirements and testing .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Fasteners with ISO metric thread .12
6.2.1 Coating thickness .12
6.2.2 Gaugeability and assemblability . 13
6.3 Other fasteners . 13
6.4 Test methods for thickness determination . 14
7 Mechanical and physical properties and testing .16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Appearance . 16
7.3 Corrosion resistance related to temperature . 16
7.4 Torque/clamp force relationship . 16
7.5 Determination of hexavalent chromium . 16
8 Applicability of tests .17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 Tests mandatory for each lot . 17
8.3 Tests for in-process control . . 17
8.4 Tests to be performed when specified by the purchaser. 17
9 Designation system .17
9.1 General . 17
9.2 Designation of electroplated coating systems for the order . 18
9.3 Examples of designation of hexavalent chromium free electroplated coating
systems for fasteners . 20
9.4 Designation of fasteners with electroplated coating systems for labelling . 21
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
10 Ordering requirements for electroplating .21
11 Storage conditions .22
Annex A (informative) Design and assembly aspects for joints with coated fasteners .23
Annex B (informative) Hydrogen embrittlement consideration .31
Annex C (informative) Corrosion protection related to zinc coatings with chromate
conversion coatings .36
Annex D (informative) Coating thickness and thread clearance for ISO metric threads .37
Annex E (informative) Coating systems tested in accordance with ISO 9227, NSS —
Evaluation of cabinet corrosivity for the neutral salt spray test . 44
Annex F (informative) Obsolete designation codes for electroplated coating systems on
fasteners according to ISO 4042:1999 .54
Bibliography .57
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2, Fasteners, Subcommittee SC 14, Surface
coatings, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 185, Fasteners, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4042:2018), which has been technically
revised. The main changes are as follows:
— in Clause 1, a statement has been added that the requirements of this document for electroplated
fasteners have precedence over other documents dealing with electroplating;
— all references to ISO 2081 and ISO 19598 have been removed because ISO 4042 is a self-containing
document for the purpose of fasteners;
— in 4.4, the measures to prevent internal hydrogen embrittlement for nuts, flat washers and case-
hardened screws have been completely revised;
— in 6.4, the reference areas for thickness determination have been more clearly specified;
— wording in the whole document has been improved to be more accurate, especially for complex
topics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
Introduction
ISO 4042:1999 was completely revised to take into account new developments related to hexavalent
chromium free passivations, application of sealants and top coats, requirements for functional
properties as well as results of research work to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. This
revision was published in 2018.
The last editions of ISO 2081:2018 as well as ISO 19598:2016, which are general standards for
electroplating, are not adequate to cover the requirements for electroplated fasteners dealt with in
ISO 4042, especially with regard to hydrogen embrittlement and baking. Therefore, a new revision
of ISO 4042:2018 was necessary to delete all references to these two general standards to avoid any
contradictions.
For electroplated nuts, flat washers, and case-hardened screws, measures to mitigate the risk of
hydrogen embrittlement, especially in relation to baking, have been revised to be consistent with
revisions of ISO 898-2 and ISO 2702, and to reflect findings from the latest research works. For
electroplated flat washers in accordance with ISO 898-3, it is generally accepted that tensile stress
resulting from intended and unintended bending in service may increase the risk of hydrogen
embrittlement. An appropriate test method to simulate such a scenario is currently under investigation.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4042:2022(E)
Fasteners — Electroplated coating systems
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating
systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or
copper alloys.
It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen
embrittlement, see 4.4 and Annex B.
It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and
cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties:
— with or without conversion coating,
— with or without sealant,
— with or without top coat,
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-
silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium)
are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric
threads.
The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners take precedence over other documents
dealing with electroplating.
This document applies to steel bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded
fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets.
NOTE Electroplating is also applied to stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to
avoid galling.
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1456, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus
chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 1502, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Gauges and gauging
ISO 1891-2, Fasteners — Terminology — Part 2: Vocabulary and definitions for coatings
ISO 2082, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary
treatments on iron or steel
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
ISO 2093, Electroplated coatings of tin — Specification and test methods
ISO 2177, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Coulometric method by anodic
dissolution
ISO 2178, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness — Magnetic
method
ISO 3497, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods
ISO 3613, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Chromate conversion coatings on zinc, cadmium,
aluminium-zinc alloys and zinc-aluminium alloys — Test methods
ISO 4521, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited silver and silver alloy coatings for
engineering purposes — Specification and test methods
ISO 8991, Designation system for fasteners
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 15330, Fasteners — Preloading test for the detection of hydrogen embrittlement — Parallel bearing
surface method
ISO 15726, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron
ISO 16047, Fasteners — Torque/clamp force testing
ISO 16228, Fasteners — Types of inspection documents
ISO 21968, Non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and non-metallic basis materials — Measurement
of coating thickness — Phase-sensitive eddy-current method
ASME B18.6.3, Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Drive Screws (Inch Series)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1891-2 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
reference panel
reference material that is to be exposed to check the corrosivity level of the test cabinet used for
fastener testing
4 General characteristics of the coating
4.1 Coating metals or alloys and main purposes
Electroplated coating systems for steel fasteners are primarily applied for corrosion protection and
functional properties, such as torque/clamp force relationship.
In addition, other functional properties or decorative properties can be specified; see Annex A.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
Commonly used electroplated coatings for fasteners are given in Table 1 along with their main
purpose(s). Additional information, such as designation or decorative aspects, can be found in other
relevant ISO standards listed in the last column of Table 1.
Table 1 — Electroplated coatings in accordance with their main purpose(s) and related
ISO standards
Coating metal(s) Main purpose
Nature of the coating ISO standard
Symbol Element
for fasteners
Zn Zinc Metal P/D/F —
ZnNi Zinc-nickel Alloy P/D/F ISO 15726
ZnFe Zinc-iron Alloy P/D/F ISO 15726
a
Cd Cadmium Metal P/F ISO 2082
Ni Nickel Metal D/F ISO 1456
Ni+Cr Nickel+chromium Multi-layer D ISO 1456
Cu+Ni Copper+nickel Multi-layer D ISO 1456
Cu+Ni+Cr Copper+nickel+chromium Multi-layer D ISO 1456
CuZn Brass Alloy D —
CuSn Copper-tin (bronze) Alloy F —
Cu Copper Metal F/D —
Ag Silver Metal F/D ISO 4521
CuAg Copper-silver Alloy F —
Sn Tin Metal F ISO 2093
SnZn Tin-zinc Alloy F/P —
P corrosion protection
F functional properties
D decorative properties (colour, aspect)
a
Cadmium is restricted or prohibited for many applications (remaining cadmium users are predominantly military and
aerospace industries).
4.2 Build-up of basic electroplated coating systems
Figure 1 shows basic electroplated coating systems.
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SIST EN ISO 4042:2022
ISO 4042:2022(E)
Key
1 only metal layer(s)
2 metal layer(s) + conversion coating
3 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + additional lubricant
4 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + sealant/top coat
5 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + sealant/top coat + additional lubricant
Figure 1 — Basic electroplated coating systems (schematic)
A conversion coating increases corrosion protection on zinc, zinc alloy and cadmium coatings. It may be
a passivation (chromium VI free) or a chromatation (chromium VI containing). The conversion coating
can also provide better adhesion for additional layer(s) and/or additional colour/paint.
An additional sealant/top coat (with or without integral lubricant) may be chosen to increase corrosion
resistance and/or to achieve other specific properties (e.g. torque/clamp force properties, resistance to
chemicals, mechanical resistance, aspect, colour, thermal stability, increased electrical resistance, UV
radiation resistance). The selection of the nature of a sealant or top coat should be based on the desired
additional properties.
An additional lubricant may be applied to adjust or amend the torque/clamp force relationship.
NOTE Electroplating is also applied on stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to
avoid galling.
4.3 Coating systems and coating processes
The type and geometry of the fastener should be considered when selecting a coating system and the
related coating process (see Annex A) as well as hydrogen embrittlement considerations (see Annex B).
The electroplating process shall be under control, in accordance with a recognized standard and/or a
specification by agreement with the purchaser. Recommendations for supplemental process verification
with regard to internal hydrogen embrittlement are given in 4.5 and B.4.
4.4 Internal hydrogen embrittlement
4.4.1 General
The three following conditions shall be concurrently present for fasteners to generate a risk of Internal
Hydrogen
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 4042 rev:2020
01-januar-2020
Vezni elementi - Sistemi galvanskih prevlek veznih elementov (ISO/DIS 4042:2019)
Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO/DIS 4042: 2019)
Verbindungselemente - Galvanisch aufgebrachte Überzugsysteme (ISO/DIS 4042:2019)
Fixations - Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques (ISO/DIS 4042: 2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 4042 rev
ICS:
21.060.01 Vezni elementi na splošno Fasteners in general
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
oSIST prEN ISO 4042 rev:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4042 rev:2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 4042 rev:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 4042
ISO/TC 2/SC 14 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-11-13 2020-02-05
Fasteners — Electroplated coating systems
Fixations — Systèmes de revêtements électrolytiques
ICS: 21.060.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 4042:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
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ISO/DIS 4042:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General characteristics of the coating . 2
4.1 Coating metals or alloys and main purposes . 2
4.2 Build-up of basic electroplated coating systems . 3
4.3 Coating systems and coating processes. 4
4.4 Internal hydrogen embrittlement. 4
4.4.1 General. 4
4.4.2 Fasteners with hardness below 360 HV . 5
4.4.3 Fasteners with hardness equal to and above 360 HV and up to 390 HV . 5
4.4.4 Fasteners with hardness above 390 HV . 5
4.4.5 Fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3 . 6
4.4.6 Baking and test requirements for case-hardened and tempered screws . 7
4.4.7 Work-hardened fasteners . 8
4.4.8 Fasteners with bainitic structure . 8
4.5 Baking . 8
5 Corrosion protection and testing . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Neutral salt spray test (NSS) for zinc based coating systems . 9
5.3 Sulfur dioxide test (Kesternich test) .10
5.4 Bulk handling, automatic processes such as feeding and/or sorting, storage and
transport . .11
6 Dimensional requirements and testing .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 Fasteners with ISO metric thread .12
6.2.1 Coating thickness .12
6.2.2 Gaugeability and assemblability .12
6.3 Other fasteners .13
6.4 Test methods for thickness determination .13
7 Mechanical and physical properties and testing .15
7.1 General .15
7.2 Appearance .15
7.3 Corrosion resistance related to temperature .15
7.4 Torque/clamp force relationship .15
7.5 Determination of hexavalent chromium .15
8 Applicability of tests .15
8.1 General .15
8.2 Tests mandatory for each lot .15
8.3 Tests for in-process control.16
8.4 Tests to be performed when specified by the purchaser .16
9 Designation system .16
9.1 General .16
9.2 Designation of electroplated coating systems for the order .17
9.3 Examples of designation of hexavalent chromium free electroplated coating
systems for fasteners .18
9.4 Designation of fasteners with electroplated coating systems for labelling .19
10 Ordering requirements for electroplating .19
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11 Storage conditions .20
Annex A (informative) Design aspects and assembly of coated fasteners .21
Annex B (informative) Hydrogen embrittlement consideration .29
Annex C (informative) Corrosion protection related to zinc coatings with chromate
conversion coatings .33
Annex D (informative) Coating thickness and thread clearance for ISO metric screw threads .34
Annex E (informative) Coating systems tested in accordance with ISO 9227, NSS —
Evaluation of cabinet corrosivity for the neutral salt spray test .42
Annex F (informative) Obsolete designation codes for electroplated coating systems on
fasteners according to ISO 4042:1999 .52
Bibliography .55
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2, Fasteners, Subcommittee SC 14, Surface
coatings.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4042:2018), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— introduction of a statement in Clause 1 (Scope) that requirements of ISO 4042 for electroplated
fasteners supersede other general ISO standards dealing with electroplating;
— extension of the scope to all threaded fasteners;
— all references to ISO 2081 and ISO 19598 removed;
— improvement of the descriptions of the reference test areas (including Figure 2) in 6.4.
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Introduction
ISO 4042:1999 was completely revised to take into account new developments related to hexavalent
chromium free passivations, application of sealants and top coats, requirements for functional
properties as well as results of research work to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and the
revision was published in 2018.
The last editions of ISO 2081 (2018) as well as ISO 19598 (2016), which are general standards for
electroplating, are not adequate to cover the requirements for electroplated fasteners dealt with in
ISO 4042, especially with regards to hydrogen embrittlement and baking. Therefore a new revision was
necessary to delete all references to these two standards to avoid any contradictions.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4042:2019(E)
Fasteners — Electroplated coating systems
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating
systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or
copper alloys.
It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen
embrittlement; see 4.4 and Annex B.
It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and
cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties:
— with or without conversion coating;
— with or without sealant;
— with or without top coat;
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-
silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium)
are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric
threads.
The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners supersede other general ISO standards
dealing with electroplating.
This document applies to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded
fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets.
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1456, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus
chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 1502, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Gauges and gauging
ISO 1891-2, Fasteners — Terminology — Part 2: Vocabulary and definitions for coatings
ISO 2082, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary
treatments on iron or steel
ISO 2093, Electroplated coatings of tin — Specification and test methods
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ISO 2177, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Coulometric method by anodic
dissolution
ISO 2178, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness —
Magnetic method
ISO 3231, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide
ISO 3497, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods
ISO 3613:2010, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Chromate conversion coatings on zinc, cadmium,
aluminium-zinc alloys and zinc-aluminium alloys — Test methods
ISO 4521, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited silver and silver alloy coatings for
engineering purposes — Specification and test methods
ISO 6988, Metallic and other non organic coatings — Sulfur dioxide test with general condensation of
moisture
ISO 8991, Designation system for fasteners
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 15330, Fasteners — Preloading test for the detection of hydrogen embrittlement — Parallel bearing
surface method
ISO 15726, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron
ISO 16047, Fasteners — Torque/clamp force testing
ISO 16228, Fasteners — Types of inspection documents
ISO 21968, Non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and non-metallic basis materials — Measurement
of coating thickness — Phase-sensitive eddy-current method
ASME B18.6.3, Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Drive Screws (Inch Series)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1891-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
reference panel
reference material that is to be exposed to check the corrosivity level of the test cabinet used for
fastener testing
4 General characteristics of the coating
4.1 Coating metals or alloys and main purposes
Electroplated coating systems for steel fasteners are primarily applied for corrosion protection and
functional properties, such as torque/clamp force relationship.
In addition, other functional properties or decorative properties can be specified; see Annex A.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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Commonly used electroplated coatings for fasteners are given in Table 1 in relation with their main
purposes. Additional information, such as designation or decorative aspects, can be found in other
relevant ISO standards listed in the last column of Table 1.
Table 1 — Electroplated coatings in accordance with their main purposes and related
ISO standards
Coating metal(s)
Main purpose of
Nature ISO standard
the coating for
Symbol Element
Zn Zinc Metal P/D/F —
ZnNi Zinc-nickel Alloy P/D/F ISO 15726
ZnFe Zinc-iron Alloy P/D/F ISO 15726
a
Cd Cadmium Metal P/F ISO 2082
Ni Nickel Metal D/F ISO 1456
Ni+Cr Nickel+chromium Multi-layer D ISO 1456
Cu+Ni Copper+nickel Multi-layer D ISO 1456
Cu+Ni+Cr Copper+-nickel+chromium Multi-layer D ISO 1456
CuZn Brass Alloy D —
CuSn Copper-tin (bronze) Alloy F —
Cu Copper Metal F/D —
Ag Silver Metal F/D ISO 4521
CuAg Copper-silver Alloy F —
Sn Tin Metal F ISO 2093
SnZn Tin-zinc Alloy F/P —
P corrosion protection
F functional properties
D decorative properties (colour, aspect)
a
Cadmium is restricted or prohibited for many applications (remaining cadmium users are predominantly military and
aerospace industries).
4.2 Build-up of basic electroplated coating systems
Figure 1 shows basic electroplated coating systems.
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Key
1 only metal layer(s)
2 metal layer(s) + conversion coating
3 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + additional lubricant
4 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + sealant/top coat
5 metal layer(s) + conversion coating + sealant/top coat + additional lubricant
Figure 1 — Basic electroplated coating systems (schematic)
A conversion coating increases corrosion protection on zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium coatings. It may
be a passivation (chromium VI free) or a chromatation (chromium VI containing). The conversion
coating can also provide better adhesion for additional layer(s) and/or additional colour/paint.
An additional sealant/top coat (with or without integral lubricant) may be chosen to increase corrosion
resistance and to achieve other specific properties (e.g. torque/clamp force properties, resistance to
chemicals, mechanical resistance, aspect, colour, thermal stability, increased electrical resistance, UV
radiation resistance). The selection of the nature of a sealant or top coat should be based on desired
additional properties.
An additional lubricant may be applied to adjust or amend the torque/clamp force relationship.
4.3 Coating systems and coating processes
The type and geometry of the fasteners should be considered when selecting a coating system and the
related coating process (see Annex A) as well as hydrogen embrittlement considerations (see Annex B).
The electroplating process shall be under control, in accordance with a recognized standard and/or a
specification by agreement with the customer.
4.4 Internal hydrogen embrittlement
4.4.1 General
If the three following conditions are concurrently present for fasteners:
— with high tensile strength or hardness or which have been case-hardened and tempered or cold
worked to high hardness,
— which are under tensile stress,
— which have absorbed hydrogen,
there is a risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement (IHE), see annex B.
The susceptibility to IHE increases with increasing hardness of the fastener material. Appropriate
measures for prevention of IHE for quenched and tempered fasteners depending on hardness are
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specified in Table 2. For fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3, Tables 3, 4
and 5 apply.
Table 2 — Measures related to IHE for quenched and tempered fasteners with regard to
hardness
360 HV 390 HV
A B C
No supplemental process veri- Supplemental process verifica-
Supplemental process verification and/or
fication or product testing with tion and/or product testing with
product testing with regard to IHE
regard to IHE regard to IHE
OR
AND AND
No baking necessary Baking Baking
(at the choice of the fastener manufacturer) (baking temperature and dura-
tion shall be specified)
See 4.4.2 See 4.4.3 and B.6 See 4.4.4 and B.6
4.4.2 Fasteners with hardness below 360 HV
When electroplating fasteners with specified maximum hardness below 360 HV (A in Tables 2, 3, 4
and 5), no supplemental process verification with regard to IHE and no baking are necessary.
4.4.3 Fasteners with hardness equal to and above 360 HV and up to 390 HV
When electroplating fasteners with specified maximum hardness equal to and above 360 HV and up to
and including 390 HV (B in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5), baking is not required provided supplemental process
verification and/or product testing with regard to IHE have been performed. However, the purchaser is
free to require baking generally.
For fasteners in this specified hardness range, electroplating does not pose a risk of IHE. In case of a
failure in a product test, it cannot be assumed that baking the parts would have prevented such failure:
the metallurgical and physical conditions of the fastener material should be investigated for non-
conformances. For more information, see B.4.
4.4.4 Fasteners with hardness above 390 HV
When electroplating fasteners with specified maximum hardness above 390 HV (C in Tables 2, 3 and 5),
baking is required; see B.4 for minimum recommended baking temperature and duration.
The following exemptions apply:
— for fasteners which are not specified to be under tensile stress by design or standard (e.g. set screws
in accordance with ISO 898-5), baking is not required (see B.2),
— induction hardened ends (e.g. for thread forming screws) shall not be considered for determining
measures related to IHE in relation to Table 2, because they are normally not subjected to tensile
stress provided that the end protrudes through the mating thread.
For alkaline zinc-nickel electroplatings (and nickel content from 12 % to 16 %), it is possible to avoid
baking because of low risk of IHE (see B.3). The decision not to carry out baking shall be based on
testing (see B.6) and be agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
NOTE For acid zinc-nickel electroplatings, studies have shown similar benefits as for alkaline zinc-nickel
electroplating, however more data is necessary with regard to baking avoidance.
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4.4.5 Fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3
For fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3, Tables 3, 4 and 5 apply.
Table 3 — Measures related to IHE for fasteners in accordance with ISO 898-1
Property class
Bolts, screws and studs in
≤ 9.8 10.9 12.9 and 12.9
accordance with ISO 898-1
A B C
No supplemental process Supplemental process ver- Supplemental process ver-
verification or product ification and/or product ification and/or product
Measures related testing with regard to IHE testing with regard to IHE testing with regard to IHE
to IHE
AND OR AND
No baking necessary Baking Baking a
Baking temperature and
At the choice of the fasten-
— duration shall be specified
er manufacturer
(see also B.4)
See 4.4.2 See 4.4.3 and B.6 See 4.4.4 and B.6
a
For alkaline zinc-nickel electroplatings (and nickel content from 12 % to 16 %), the decision not to carry
out baking shall be based on testing (see B.6) and be agreed between th
...
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