SIST-TS CLC/TS 50217:2007
(Main)Guide for in situ measurements - In situ measurement of disturbance emission
Guide for in situ measurements - In situ measurement of disturbance emission
This guide describes analysis methods of disturbance emission to be applied in-situ for identification of the disturbance source and resolution of complaint. Where applicable, the methods rely on already published documents either in CENELEC or in IEC. It is not intended to be used for type testing or any kind of conformity assessment. Dealing with effects on living matter is excluded from this document. The frequency range of interest is from d.c. to 400 GHz. This document applies for analysing an interference complaint. It provides method for identification and characterisation in situ of the source(s) of interference. It proposes procedures to discriminate different kind of sources. Reference in situ measurement distances are defined. It allows comparison of the results and of technical characteristics of the interfered equipment with existing relevant standards. The result of the comparison is intended to help in the resolution of the complaint. It is meant for verifying the emissions from fixed installations whatever equipment they contain, and whatever have been the type tests of these equipment. This document is a basic standard. It may be used to describe the coupling path for interference between the victim and the source, and to compare the measurement results with the limits from the adequate standard, at a specific location and in a given frequency band.
Leitfaden für Messungen am Aufstellungsort - Störaussendungsmessungen am Aufstellungsort
Guide pour mesures in situ - Mesure in situ des émissions perturbatrices
Ce guide décrit les méthodes d'analyse des émissions perturbatrices à appliquer in situ pour l'identification des sources de perturbation et la résolution des plaintes. Lorsque c'est possible, les méthodes se réfèrent à des documents déjà publiés au CENELEC ou à la CEI. Il n'est pas destiné à être utilisé pour des essais de type ou une quelconque évaluation de conformité. Les effets biologiques sont exclus de ce document. La bande de fréquence considérée est de 0 GHz à 400 GHz. Ce document s'applique à une expertise, suite à une plainte due à un brouillage. Il contient la méthode d'identification et la caractérisation in situ de la ou des sources de brouillage. Il propose des procédures pour identifier les différents types de source. Les distances de référence pour la mesure in situ sont définies. Il permet de comparer les résultats et les caractéristiques techniques de l'équipement perturbé avec les normes appropriées en vigueur. Le résultat de cette comparaison est destiné à apporter une aide pour la résolution de la plainte. Il a pour objet la vérification des émissions des installations fixes quels que soient les équipements qu'elles contiennent et quels que soient les essais de type effectués sur ces équipements. Il peut être utilisé pour décrire les chemins de couplage entre la source et la victime, et comparer les résultats de mesure avec les limites des normes appropriées, pour une position spécifique et une bande de fréquence donnée.
Vodilo za merjenja na mestu samem - Merjenje oddajanja motenj na mestu samem
General Information
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 50217
SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION August 2005
ICS 29.020
English version
Guide for in situ measurements –
In situ measurement of disturbance emission
Guide pour mesures in situ – Leitfaden für Messungen
Mesure in situ des émissions am Aufstellungsort –
perturbatrices Störaussendungsmessungen
am Aufstellungsort
This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2004-07-31.
CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to
make the TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting
national standards in force.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. CLC/TS 50217:2005 E
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 2 –
Foreword
This Technical Specification was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 210,
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
The text of the draft was submitted to the vote and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TS 50217 on
2004-07-31.
The following date was fixed:
– latest date by which the existence of the CLC/TS
has to be announced at national level (doa) 2005-11-11
__________
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– 3 – CLC/TS 50217:2005
Content
Pages
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references .4
3 Definitions - Terms and abbreviations.5
4 Overview of the methodology .6
4.1 Measurement techniques.6
4.2 Methodology in case of complaint.9
5 Selection of measurement location and general condition.10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Frequency range up to 30 MHz.10
5.3 Frequency range above 30 MHz .10
5.4 Emission measurements in the presence of ambient signal .11
6 Measurement of conducted emissions .11
6.1 Disturbance below 9 kHz .11
6.2 Disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz .11
7 Measurement of radiated emissions .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Frequency range above 9 kHz .13
7.3 Field strength specific indoors measurement .14
7.4 Radiated disturbance power in the frequency range above 30 MHz .14
8 Measurement report .14
Annex A (informative) Investigation in case of complaint.15
A.1 Identification of the interference .15
A.2 Evaluation of the victim and characterisation of the source of interference .20
A.3 Evaluation of results.22
Annex B (informative) Protection of radio communications services .24
B.1 Radio services.24
B.2 Safety services.25
Annex C (informative) Measurement techniques .26
C.1 Rationale for excluding compliance testing .26
C.2 Measurement distance below 3 m.26
C.3 Active dipole .31
Annex D (informative) Low frequency phenomena .32
D.1 Measurement techniques for low frequency (below 9 kHz).32
D.2 Disturbance emission from mains, or other power circuits .32
D.3 Measurement of conducted emissions .32
D.4 Radiated emission in the frequency range up to 9 kHz .33
Bibliography.34
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 4 –
1 Scope
This guide describes analysis methods of disturbance emission to be applied in situ for identification of
the disturbance source and resolution of complaint. Where applicable, the methods rely on already
published documents either in CENELEC or in IEC. It is not intended to be used for type testing or any
kind of conformity assessment.
Dealing with effects on living matter is excluded from this document.
The frequency range of interest is from d.c. to 400 GHz.
This document applies for analysing an interference complaint. It provides method for identification
and characterisation in situ of the source(s) of interference. It proposes procedures to discriminate
different kind of sources. Reference in situ measurement distances are defined. It allows comparison
of the results and of technical characteristics of the interfered equipment with existing relevant
standards. The result of the comparison is intended to help in the resolution of the complaint.
It is meant for verifying the emissions from fixed installations whatever equipment they contain, and
whatever have been the type tests of these equipment. It may be used to describe the coupling path
for interference between the victim and the source, and to compare the measurement results with the
limits from the adequate standard, at a specific location and in a given frequency band.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 55011:1998, Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment - Radio
disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (CISPR 11:1997, mod.)
[dow: 2001-01-01]
EN 55011:1998/A1:1999 (CISPR 11:1997/A1:1999) [dow: 2002-08-01]
EN 55011:1998/A2:2002 (CISPR 11:1997/A2:2002) [dow: 2005-10-01]
EN 55016-1-X, series, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-X: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus (CISPR 16-1-X, series)
[dow: 2007-09-01]
EN 55016-1-2:2004, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment -
Conducted disturbances (CISPR 16-1-2:2003) [dow: 2007-09-01]
EN 55016-1-2:2004/A1:2005 (CISPR 16-1-2:2003/A1:2004) [dow: 2008-02-01]
EN 55016-2-X, series, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 2-X: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity (CISPR 16-2-X, series)
[dow: 2007-09-01]
EN 55016-2-1:2004, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 2-X: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance
measurements (CISPR 16-2-1:2003) [dow: 2007-09-01]
EN 55016-2-1:2004/A1:2005 (CISPR 16-2-1:2003/A1:2005) [dow: 2008-08-01]
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– 5 – CLC/TS 50217:2005
EN 55022:1998 + corrigendum July 2003, Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (CISPR 22:1997, mod.) [dow: 2005-08-01]
EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 + corrigendum April 2003 (CISPR 22:1997/A1:2000) [dow: 2005-08-01]
EN 55022:1998/A2:2003 (CISPR 22:1997/A2:2002) [dow: 2005-12-01]
EN 61000-2-4:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-4: Environment - Compatibility
levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances (IEC 61000-2-4:2002)
[dow: 2005-09-01]
ETSI EN 300 386:2001, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network equipment; ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
CISPR 18-2:1986, Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage
equipment - Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits
CISPR 18-2:1986/A1:1993
CISPR 18-2:1986/A2:1996
NOTE See also the bibliography.
3 Definitions - Terms and abbreviations
For the purpose of this document, the following definitions as well as the definitions of IEC 60050-161
apply, see particularly electromagnetic disturbance (161-01-05) and electromagnetic interference
(161-01-06).
3.1
AMN
Artificial Mains Network
3.2
antenna reference point
geometric centre of the antenna or the reference point referred to in the antenna calibration procedure
3.3
characterised interference
interference the origin of which is an identified electromagnetic phenomena, and for which the
disturbance level at a given point is characterised by a collection of technical data for example the
spectrum
3.4
deviation from intended use regarding EMC
installation and/or operation of a device, equipment or system, deviating from the instructions of the
manufacturer given in the user's manual
NOTE The installation refers to both the defined environment and electrical conditions including cabling.
3.5
distribution point
point on a data and communication network inside a system or an installation, electrically nearest to a
particular communication equipment or terminal, at which other equipment or terminals are, or could
be, connected
3.6
fixed installation
a particular combination of several types of apparatus and, where applicable, other devices, which are
assembled, installed and intended to be used permanently at a predefined location
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 6 –
3.7
in-plant point of coupling (IPC)
point on a network inside a system or an installation, electrically nearest to a particular load, at which
other loads are, or could be, connected [EN 61000-2-4]
NOTE The IPC is usually the point for which electromagnetic compatibility is to be considered.
3.8
point of common coupling (PCC)
point on a public power supply network, electrically nearest to a particular load, at which other loads
are, or could be, connected [IEV 161-07-15, modified, EN 61000-2-4]
3.9
reference distance (for in situ measurement)
distance at which in situ measurement is performed in case of complaint, it is measured along a
perpendicular line from the antenna reference point to a surface
NOTE 1 Two different values are defined according to the frequency range.
NOTE 2 The surface for measurement depends on different conditions.
3.10
system
set of interrelated elements considered in a defined context as a whole and separated from their
environment [IEV 351-11-01]
NOTE 1 Such elements may be both material objects and concepts as well as the results thereof (e.g. forms of organisation,
mathematical methods, programming languages).
NOTE 2 The system is considered to be separated from the environment and from the other external systems by an imaginary
surface, which cuts the links between them and the system.
NOTE 3 For the purpose of this standard, the elements of the system are material objects: devices, equipment or sub-
systems. They are interrelated for achieving an objective which is the performance of a function or a set of functions.
3.11
victim
interfered equipment having caused the complaint
4 Overview of the methodology
4.1 Measurement techniques
4.1.1 General
According to the established and standardised practice Figure 1 summarises the methods of
measurement depending on the frequencies investigated.
The three frequency bands make the fundamental distinction to allow the analysis of the disturbance
emission and the identification of the coupling path. They correspond to adapted measurement
techniques.
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< 9 kHz 9 kHz to 30 MHz > 30 MHz
– Voltage variations – Disturbance voltage – Electric field
– Electromagnetic field
– Voltage dips and fluctuations – Disturbance current
– Harmonics and interharmonics – Magnetic field
– Magnetic field – Electric field
– Electric field
Measurement equipment Measurement equipment Measurement equipment
– Mains analyser – Receiver or spectrum – Receiver or spectrum
analyser compliant analyser compliant
– Oscilloscope
with EN 55016-1 with EN 55016-2
– Spectrum analyser
– Voltage probe – Broadband antenna
– Magnetic probe
– Current probe – Horn antenna
– Electric probe
– Magnetic antenna – Broadband isotropic probe
– Adapted sensors
– Electric antenna
– Magnetic probe
– Electric probe
– Broadband isotropic probe
– Adapted sensors
Figure 1 – Overview of the in situ measurement techniques
A preliminary investigation should establish the frequencies to be measured: frequency of highest
emission, frequency of interference in case of complaint, etc.
Measurement uncertainties are not taken into account for setting the results of measurement in situ.
4.1.2 Low frequency (below 9 kHz)
The effects of disturbance emission are predominantly due to
– conduction either by the supply system including the earth port, or by the different process control
and/or signal ports,
– inductive coupling with a magnetic field,
– capacitive coupling with an electric field.
The state of the art of the measurement techniques do not allow today to identify in any circumstances
the origin of the disturbance. Simulation techniques are a necessary complement to measurements to
allow identification of the emitter. However, the simulation needs the knowledge of parameters and
variables which can only be known by co-operation between the different parties, those operating the
measurements, those operating the suspected emitter, and those operating the medium of which
measurements are performed.
See Annex D for initial information.
4.1.3 High frequency (above 9 kHz)
The measurement receiver and the probes for measurement of conducted emission are defined in
EN 55016-1. The measurement procedure is described in EN 55016-2, and also mentioned in
EN 55011 and in EN 55022. Antennas are selected according to the frequency range, probes are
selected according to the nature of the circuit:
- measurement on cables current probe (5.1 of EN 55016-1-2);
- measurement at terminals voltage probe (5.2 of EN 55016-1-2).
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 8 –
For in situ measurement on the power supply network, the use of AMN is unlikely to be suitable, due
to practical reasons for insertion, ratings, and safety considerations (leakage current). Moreover the
purpose is to measure the actual conditions seen in situ. Therefore the recommendation is to measure
- the disturbance voltage (asymmetrical mode), without additional impedance,
- where the ambient noise or impedance conditions makes the result uncertain, the common mode
current can be measured alternatively.
NOTE Special precautions need to be taken in the case of not neutral grounded power supply networks.
For in situ measurement on data and communication networks on dedicated wires, the purpose of
measuring the actual conditions seen in situ is achieved by measurement of the common mode
current.
The measurement receiver and the antennas for the measurement of radiated emissions are defined
in EN 55016-1. The in situ measurement procedure is described in EN 55016-2. Antennas and
detectors are selected according to the frequency band:
- below 30 MHz loop antenna and QP detector;
measurement of the magnetic field strength;
short active dipole is used for measurement of
electric field strength;
- between 30 MHz and 1 000 MHz broadband antenna and QP detector;
measurement of the electric field strength;
- above 1 GHz double ridged wave-guide recommended,
PK detector;
measurement of the electric field strength.
Special conditions related to in situ measurements are developed in Clause 5.
Product related information are to be found in the relevant standard, examples: EN 55011 for ISM,
EN 55022 for ITE, ETSI EN 300 386 for telecommunication network equipment, etc.
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4.2 Methodology in case of complaint
According to the whole purpose of the document, Figure 2 illustrates the method to investigate
interference cases, see Annex A.
Complaint
Preliminary investigations for interference cases (A.1.1)
No
Is this an EMC
END
problem?
Yes
Measurement of ambient Methods of
(A.1.2) measurements
Evaluation of the victim
Identification of the emission
(A.2)
source (A.1.3)
Measurements
(Clauses 5 - 6 - 7)
Evaluation of results
(A.3)
Figure 2 – Overview of the methodology in case of complaint
The preliminary investigation is necessary to give an efficient orientation to the search for the origin of
the interference, including the recognition of the nature of the complaint due to EMC or not. The
measurement of the ambient characteristics is the basis for any further analysis. From this knowledge,
a decision can be made regarding the next step of investigation: either with the victim, or with an
unknown source of emission.
Investigation on an unknown emission relies first on measurement in the vicinity of the interfered
equipment (victim). The frequency and the direction of the highest field strength and/or the spectrum
of the disturbance signal, correlated with the result of the preliminary investigation, are the main clues
for localisation of the emitter of the disturbance.
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 10 –
5 Selection of measurement location and general condition
5.1 General
Both radiated and conducted measurement follow the same principle, in order to characterise the
source of emission.
The frequency to be analysed by measurement is defined according to the preliminary investigation.
The location of radiated emission measurement is defined to show the highest level of emission for a
given frequency according to the purpose of the investigation, and according to local constraints. The
procedure related to the highest emission is defined in EN 55016-2, and in case of interference
see A.1.3.
The location of conducted emission measurement on the power supply network is the PC (IPC or
PCC), in fact the nearest accessible point of the network.
The location of conducted emission measurement on data and communication network on dedicated
wires is the next accessible distribution point.
The complete characterisation of the emitter could necessitate measurements inside the boundary of
the installation where it is located (see 5.4). This is only possible if the person responsible for this
installation agrees to such measurements.
5.2 Frequency range up to 30 MHz
For the measurement of voltage fluctuations, harmonic currents and voltages (up to order 40), the PC
(point of coupling, either IPC or PCC), or the nearest accessible point from the PC, is used. The same
point of measurement is used in the frequency range from harmonic order 40 (2 kHz) to 9 kHz. See
more information in Clause D.2.
The conducted emission on data and communication network is measured in a distance of less than
1 m from the source of emission for disturbance current or at the next accessible distribution point.
If the magnetic field strength is measured, the reference distance shall be of 3 m from the next
accessible surface of the network cable (see 3.9).
5.3 Frequency range above 30 MHz
5.3.1 Principle
For the measurement of the disturbance emission of a source of emission, the location for the
measurement depends on the nature of the source, measured frequency range or the position of the
interfering equipment. The measurement location is not necessarily the reference point of the
disturbance limit.
5.3.2 Radiated emission from fixed installation
The location for the measurement is chosen taking into account the direction of the victim. The
disturbance field strength of an installation is generally measured outside the building or at the border
of the property (the surface for the reference distance is the outer fence, or outer wall of the building or
flat in which the emission source is located). The reference distance shall be 10 m (see 3.9).
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5.3.3 Radiated emission from equipment as part of the installation
The location for the measurement is chosen, taking into account the direction of the maximum
radiation of the system and the local conditions. This may be inside or outside the building. If the
measurement is carried out inside the building the reference distance refers to the perimeter of the
equipment and shall be 10 m (see 3.9).
If the substitution method is used inside the building (EN 55016-2), the location of the antenna for
receiving the disturbance signal shall be in the far field region of the source of emission, usually
outside the building.
5.4 Emission measurements in the presence of ambient signal
When measuring the emission above 9 kHz for characterisation of the source of disturbance, the ratio
of disturbance emission to ambient signal shall be at least 6 dB. However for in situ measurement this
condition is not always fulfilled.
In such a case, and for few single frequencies relevant to the identified interference, apply the method
of CISPR 18-2.
6 Measurement of conducted emissions
6.1 Disturbance below 9 kHz
Information related to voltage dips or voltage fluctuations is given in D.3.1, and information related to
harmonic currents and voltage in D.3.2.
6.2 Disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
For all measurement of conducted emission it has to be checked whether the measurement results
are not influenced by ambient emissions. The check can be done by switching off the disturbance
source or by identifying the source within the installation or apparatus and comparing the shape of the
spectrum with the measured disturbance emission.
The measurement procedure of the disturbance voltage is described in Clause 7 of EN 55016-2. For
in situ measurements, the voltage probe is recommended.
However, using the voltage probe measurement of the disturbance voltage the following difficulty may
occur: a reference ground is not always available.
NOTE The loop of the lead from voltage probe to the reference ground may be very large, which creates additional
measurement uncertainties.
For the measurement the following recommendation can be given:
- the measurement result can be expected to be valid, if the results are the same when the voltage
probe is connected to different points of the reference ground;
- the connection between voltage probe and receiver should be < 3 m;
- if the measurement results of the voltage probe are not trustworthy the asymmetrical current (line
current) can be measured, for the comparison of the measured current the disturbance voltage is
calculated by the use of the impedance of the artificial network (see Figure 3).
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CLC/TS 50217:2005 – 12 –
Impedance
dB( )
Ω
35
34
33
32
31
30
0,1 1 10 100
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 3 – Conversion factor from the asymmetrical current disturbance
to voltage disturbance [dB(Ω)]
If possible the common mode current on the data and communication networks should be measured
at the next accessible distribution point or network termination point. The disturbance current may be
measured in a distance of at least about 100 mm from the apparatus.
7 Measurement of radiated emissions
7.1 General
The used measurement equipment shall comply with EN 55016-1, and for measurements of electric
field strength above 9 kHz up to 30 MHz an active dipole shall be used (see 7.2.2).
For all field strength measurements the ambient emission should be at least 6 dB lower than the
measured disturbance field strength.
This requirement can be checked by switching off the disturbance source where possible. Compare
the shape of the measured disturbance (source on) with the shape of the ambient emissions (source
off) near the disturbance source.
Where the source of disturbance cannot be switched off, the directivity of the antenna is used to check
the maximum and the minimum of the disturbance emission, the difference estimates the amplitude of
the ambient noise. The check of the dependence of the field variation with regard to the distance from
the disturbance source, and the signature of the spectrum obtained close to the source of disturbance
also helps to distinguish the disturbance from the noise.
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Experience has shown that not always the source producing the maximum level measured on a
frequency inside an installation produces the disturbance far away from the installation. More than
90 % of all the disturbing emissions have a typical modulation and can be identified by this
modulation. The disturbance has to be identified in relation to the affected receiving system
interference. The signature of the spectrum of the disturbing signal is therefore of the main importance
as highlighted in the previous paragraph and in A.1.3.2.
The measurement of radiated emission shall be made at the reference distance. If this is impossible
due to local conditions, including safety reasons, the procedure to select a different measurement
distance is defined in EN 55016-2, and the following subclauses.
NOTE For achieving EMC between systems, mainly the magnetic field is relevant, therefore only the magnetic near field
component is measured.
7.2 Frequency range above 9 kHz
7.2.1 Measurement of magnetic field strength up to 30 MHz
The disturbance field strength is measured, with a loop antenna as described in EN 55016-2. The
method of measurement differs if the emitter is an equipment or cabling.
7.2.2 Measurement of electric field strength up to 30 MHz
If the electric field strength is measured the same procedure as for the magnetic field strength can be
used, see EN 55016-2. Following differences have to be taken into account:
- the antenna shall be a balanced antenna according to EN 55016-1;
- usually the vertical polarisation of the disturbance electric field strength is measured
close to the equipment;
- if the maximum disturbance electric field strength from power or telecommunications
line is measured the balanced antenna shall be moved, following a similar procedure
to the one used for magnetic field, in three orthogonal directions or in the direction of
maximum coupling to the radiation source.
NOTE The characteristics of a balanced antenna are fulfilled by an active dipole with information on its parameters.
In the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz, measurement can also be made using an active dipole (see
Clause C.2).
7.2.3 Corona effect
Corona effect is produced by overhead power lines and high voltage equipment, usually only very high
voltages (U ≥ 225
...
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