SIST EN 12464-2:2014
(Main)Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places
Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places
EN 12464-2 specifies lighting requirements for outdoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance. All usual visual tasks are considered. This European Standard is not applicable for emergency lighting; see EN 1838 and EN 13032-3. This European Standard does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this standard, usually fulfil safety needs. Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work may be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states. This European Standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment.
Licht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten - Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im Freien
Diese Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Beleuchtung von Arbeitstätten/Arbeitsplätzen im Freien fest, die den Erfordernissen im Hinblick auf Sehkomfort und Sehleistung entsprechen. Alle üblichen Sehaufgaben sind berücksichtigt. Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht anwendbar für Notbeleuchtung: siehe EN 1838 und EN 13032-3.
Diese Europäische Norm legt keine Anforderungen an die Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten im Hinblick auf den betrieblichen Arbeitsschutz fest und wurde nicht im Anwendungsbereich von Artikel 153 der Europäischen Verträge erarbeitet, obwohl die lichttechnischen Anforderungen, die in dieser Norm enthalten sind, üblicherweise auch die Anforderungen im Hinblick auf Sicherheit erfüllen. Anforderungen an die Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten im Hinblick auf den betrieblichen Arbeitsschutz können in nach Artikel 153 der Europäischen Verträge erlassenen Richtlinien enthalten sein, in der nationalen Rechtsetzung der Mitgliedstaaten in Umsetzung dieser Direktiven oder in anderer nationaler Rechtsetzung der Mitgliedstaaten.
Diese Norm legt weder spezielle Lösungen fest, noch schränkt sie die Freiheit des Planers ein, neue Techniken zu erkunden oder innovative Techniken einzusetzen.
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des lieux de travail - Partie 2: Lieux de travail extérieurs
La présente Norme européenne fixe des exigences relatives à l’éclairage des lieux de travail extérieurs, qui répondent aux besoins requis pour garantir confort et performances visuels. Toutes les tâches visuelles courantes sont prises en compte. La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable à l’éclairage de secours, voir l'EN 1838 et l'EN 13032 3.
Bien que les exigences en matière d’éclairage spécifiées dans la présente Norme satisfassent de manière générale aux exigences de sécurité, la présente Norme européenne ne comporte pas d’exigences relatives à l’éclairage en rapport avec la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs présents sur les lieux de travail et n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application de l’Article 153 du Traité de l’Union européenne. Les exigences en matière d'éclairage relatives à la sécurité et la santé des travailleurs peuvent être contenues dans des directives basées sur l'Article 153 du Traité de l'Union européenne, dans des législations nationales mettant en œuvre ces directives ou dans d'autres dispositions réglementaires nationales des États membres.
La présente Norme européenne ne vise pas à fournir de solutions spécifiques, à restreindre la liberté des concepteurs dans l’exploration de nouvelles techniques, ni à restreindre l’utilisation d’équipements innovants.
Svetloba in razsvetljava - Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu - 2. del: Delovna mesta na prostem
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Svetloba in razsvetljava - Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu - 2. del: Delovna mesta na prostemLicht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten - Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im FreienLumière et éclairage - Éclairage des lieux de travail - Partie 2: Lieux de travail extérieursLight and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places91.160.10Notranja razsvetljavaInterior lightingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12464-2:2014SIST EN 12464-2:2014en,fr,de01-april-2014SIST EN 12464-2:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12464-2:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12464-2
January 2014 ICS 91.160.20 Supersedes EN 12464-2:2007English Version
Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des lieux de travail - Partie 2: Lieux de travail extérieurs
Licht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten - Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im Freien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12464-2:2014 ESIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page
Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Lighting design criteria . 5 4.1 Luminous environment . 5 4.2 Luminance distribution . 6 4.3 Illuminance . 6 4.3.1 General . 6 4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area . 6 4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings . 7 4.3.4 Illuminance grid . 8 4.3.5 Uniformity and diversity . 8 4.4 Glare . 9 4.4.1 General . 9 4.4.2 Glare rating . 9 4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare . 10 4.5 Obtrusive light . 10 4.6 Directional lighting . 11 4.6.1 General . 11 4.6.2 Modelling . 11 4.6.3 Directional lighting of visual tasks . 11 4.7 Colour aspects . 11 4.7.1 General . 11 4.7.2 Colour appearance . 12 4.7.3 Colour rendering . 12 4.8 Flicker and stroboscopic effects. 12 4.9 Maintenance factor (MF) . 12 4.10 Energy considerations . 13 4.11 Sustainability . 13 5 Schedule of lighting requirements . 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Composition of the Tables 5.1 to 5.15 below . 14 5.3 The schedule of areas, tasks and activities . 14 5.4 Lighting requirements for areas, tasks and activities . 15 6 Verification procedures . 21 6.1 General . 21 6.2 Illuminance . 21 6.3 Glare Rating . 21 6.4 Colour Rendering Index and colour appearance . 21 6.5 Obtrusive light . 21 6.6 Maintenance schedule . 21 Annex A (informative)
A–deviations . 22 Bibliography . 23 Index of areas, tasks and activities . 24
SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12464-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12464-2:2007. Significant changes between this document and EN 12464-2:2007 are: a) the terms and definitions were deleted to avoid duplication with EN 12665; b) symbols were aligned with EN 12665; c) Figure 1 was corrected; d) 4.4.2 “Glare rating”, the reflectance has a default value of
= 0,15; e) 4.7.3 “colour rendering”, aligned with EN 12464-1; f) 4.10 “energy considerations”, aligned with EN 12464-1 and extended; g) subclause 5.1, insertion of requirements regarding routine cleaning of work spaces; h) Table 5.1 “General requirements for areas and for cleaning at outdoor work places”, title changed and new activity added; i) Table 5.12 “Railways and tramways”, updated and extended; j) Clause 6 “Verification procedures”, revised and harmonized with EN 12464-1. EN 12464, Light and lighting - Lighting of work places consists of the following parts: — Part 1: Indoor work places — Part 2: Outdoor work places According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 4 Introduction To enable people to perform outdoor visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate and appropriate lighting should be provided. The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and duration of activity. This standard specifies requirements for lighting of tasks in most outdoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice. It is important that all clauses of the standard are followed although the specific requirements are tabulated in the schedule of lighting requirements (see Clause 5). SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies lighting requirements for outdoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance. All usual visual tasks are considered. This European Standard is not applicable for emergency lighting; see EN 1838 and EN 13032-3. This European Standard does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this standard, usually fulfil safety needs. Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work may be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states. This European Standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12665:2011, Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements EN 13201-2, Road lighting - Part 2: Performance requirements EN 13201-3, Road lighting - Part 3: Calculation of performance ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2011 apply. 4 Lighting design criteria 4.1 Luminous environment For good lighting practice it is essential that, in addition to the required illuminance, other qualitative and quantitative needs are satisfied. Lighting requirements are determined by the satisfaction of three basic human needs: — visual comfort, where the workers have a feeling of well-being; in an indirect way also contributing to a high productivity level, — visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual tasks, even under difficult circumstances and during longer periods, — safety. Main parameters determining the luminous environment are: — luminance distribution, SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 6 — illuminance, — glare, — directionality of light, — colour rendering and colour appearance of the light, — flicker. Values for illuminance and its uniformity, discomfort glare and colour rendering index are given in Clause 5; other parameters are described in Clause 4. NOTE Intentionally improved and designed luminous environment, glare-free illumination, good colour rendering, high contrast markings and optical and tactile guiding systems can improve visibility and sense of direction and locality. See CIE 196:2011. In addition to the lighting, there are other visual ergonomic parameters which influence visual performance, such as: — the intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, colour and reflectance properties of detail and background), — ophthalmic capacity of the person (visual acuity, depth perception, colour perception), Attention to these factors can enhance visual performance without the need for higher illuminance. 4.2 Luminance distribution The luminance distribution in the visual field controls the adaptation level of the eyes, which affects task visibility. A well balanced luminance distribution is needed to increase: — visual acuity (sharpness of vision), — contrast sensitivity (discrimination of small relative luminance differences), — efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation, convergence, pupillary contraction, eye movements). The luminance distribution in the visual field also affects visual comfort. Sudden changes in luminance should be avoided. 4.3 Illuminance 4.3.1 General The illuminance and its distribution on the task area and the surrounding area have a great impact on how quickly, safely and comfortably a person perceives and carries out the visual task. All values of illuminances specified in this standard are maintained illuminances and will provide for visual comfort, visual performance and safety needs. All illuminance average and uniformity values are dependent upon the grid definition (see 4.3.4). 4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area The values given in Clause 5 are maintained illuminances over the task area on the reference surface, which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the value given in Clause 5, regardless of the age and condition of the installation. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 7 The values are valid for normal visual conditions and take into account the following factors: — psycho-physiological aspects such as visual comfort and well-being, — requirements for visual tasks, — visual ergonomics, — practical experience, — safety, — economy. The value of illuminance may be adjusted by at least one step in the scale of illuminances (see below), if the visual conditions differ from the normal assumptions. A factor of approximately 1,5 represents the smallest significant difference in subjective effect of illuminance. The recommended scale of illuminance (in lx) is: 5 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 30 – 50 – 75 – 100 – 150 – 200 – 300 – 500 – 750 – 1 000 – 1 500 – 2 000 The required maintained illuminance should be increased, when: — visual work is critical, — visual task or worker is moving, — errors are costly to rectify, — accuracy or higher productivity is of great importance, — the visual capacity of the worker is below normal, — task details are of unusually small size or low contrast, — the task is undertaken for an unusually long time. The required maintained illuminance may be decreased when: — task details are of an unusually large size or high contrast, — the task is undertaken for an unusually short time or on only rare occasions. 4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings The illuminance of surrounding areas shall be related to the illuminance of the task area and should provide a well-balanced luminance distribution in the visual field. Large spatial variations in illuminances around the task area may lead to visual stress and discomfort. The illuminance of the surrounding areas may be lower than the task illuminance but shall be not less than the values given in Table 1. The surrounding area should be a band with a width of at least 2 m around the task area within the visual field. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 8 Table 1 — Relationship of illuminances of surrounding areas to task area Task illuminance lx Illuminance of surrounding areas lx ≥ 500 300 200 150 50 ≤ mE ≤ 100 < 50 100 75 50 30 20 no specification In addition to the task illuminance the lighting shall provide adequate adaptation luminance in accordance with 4.2. 4.3.4 Illuminance grid A grid system shall be created for the task and surrounding areas to indicate the points at which the illuminance values are calculated and verified. Grids approximating a square are preferred, the ratio of length to width of a grid cell shall be kept between 0,5 and 2 (see also EN 12193). The maximum grid size shall be: dp log10 5
0,2 = × (1) where d is the longer dimension of the area, in m, if the ratio of the longer to the shorter side is less than 2, otherwise d is the shorter dimension of the area; and p is the maximum grid cell size in m. The value of p should be that p ≤ 10 m. NOTE Formula (1) (coming from CIE x005:1992) has been derived under the assumption that p is proportional to d10log, where: p = 0,2 m for d = 1 m; p = 1 m for d = 10 m; p = 5 m for d = 100 m. 4.3.5 Uniformity and diversity The task area shall be illuminated as uniformly as possible. The illuminance uniformity of the task area shall be not less than the values given in Clause 5. The uniformity of the surroundings shall not be less than 0,10. In some cases, e.g. railways, illuminance diversity is also an important quality criterion. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 9 4.4 Glare 4.4.1 General Glare is the sensation produced by bright areas within the field of vision and may be experienced either as discomfort glare or disability glare. Glare caused by reflections in specular surfaces is usually known as veiling reflections or reflected glare. It is important to limit the glare to the users to avoid errors, fatigue and accidents. NOTE Special care is needed to avoid glare when the direction of view is above horizontal. 4.4.2 Glare rating The glare directly from the luminaires of an outdoor lighting installation shall be determined using the CIE Glare Rating (RG) method, based on the formula: +=9,0vevl10Glog2427LLR (2) where Lvl is the total veiling luminance in cd·m–2 caused by the lighting installation and is the sum of the veiling luminances produced by each individual luminaire (Lvl = Lv1 + Lv2 +….Lvn). The veiling luminance of the individual luminaires is calculated as Lv = 10·(Eeye,-2), in which Eeye is the illuminance at the observer's eye in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight (2° below horizontal, see Figure 1) and , is the angle between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light incident from the individual luminaire; Lve is the equivalent veiling luminance of the environment in cd∙m–2. From the assumption that the reflection of the environment is totally diffuse, the equivalent veiling reflection from the environment may be calculated as Lve = 0,035Ehav∙–1, in which
represents the average reflectance and Ehav the average horizontal illuminance of the area. If the value of reflectance is not known,
should be taken as 0,15.
Key 1 line of sight 2 plane of Eeye Figure 1 — The angle between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light incident from the individual luminaire RG should be computed at grid positions as defined in 4.3.4, at 45° intervals radially about the grid points with 0° direction parallel to the long side of the task area. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 10 All assumptions made in the determination of RG shall be stated in the scheme documentation. The RG value of the lighting installation shall not exceed the RGL-value given in Clause 5. 4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare High brightness reflections in the visual task may alter task visibility, usually detrimentally. Veiling reflections and reflected glare may be prevented or reduced by the following measures: — appropriate arrangement of luminaires and work places, — surface finish (e.g. matte surfaces), — luminance restriction of luminaires, — increased luminous area of the luminaire. 4.5 Obtrusive light To safeguard and enhance the night time environment it is necessary to control obtrusive light (also known as light pollution), which can present physiological and ecological problems to surroundings and people. The limits of obtrusive light for exterior lighting installations, to minimize problems for people, flora and fauna, are given in Table 2 and for road users in Table 3. Table 2 — Maximum obtrusive light permitted for exterior lighting installations Environmental zone Light on properties Luminaire intensity Upward light ratio Luminance Ev lx I cd RUL % Lb cd∙m–2 Ls cd∙m–2 Pre-curfewa Post-curfew Pre-curfew Post-curfew
Building facade Signs E1 2 0 2 500 0 0 0 50 E2 5 1 7 500 500 5 5 400 E3 10 2 10 000 1 000 15 10 800 E4 25 5 25 000 2 500 25 25 1 000 where E1 represents intrinsically dark areas, such as national parks or protected sites; E2 represents low district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential rural areas; E3 represents medium district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential suburbs; E4 represents high district brightness areas, such as town centres and commercial areas; Ev is the maximum value of vertical illuminance on properties in lx; I is the light intensity of each source in the potentially obtrusive direction in cd; RUL is the proportion of the flux of the luminaire(s) that is emitted above the horizontal, when the luminaire(s) is (are) mounted in its (their) installed position and attitude, and given in %; Lb is the maximum average luminance of the facade of a building in cd∙m–2; Ls is the maximum average luminance of signs in cd∙m–2. a In case no curfew regulations are available, the higher values shall not be exceeded and the lower values should be
taken as preferable limits. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 11 For users of transport systems for the relevant viewing positions in the path of travel the threshold increment shall not exceed 15 % based on the actual adaptation level. If the adaptation level is not known and no road lighting is provided, an adaptation luminance of 0,1 cd/m2 shall be applied. Table 3 — Maximum values of threshold increment from non-road lighting installations Light technical parameter Road lighting classesa, b No road lighting ME5 ME4 / ME3 ME2 / ME1f Threshold increment (TI) c, d, e 15 % based on adaptation luminance of 0,1 cd∙m-2 15 % based on adaptation luminance of
1 cd∙m-2 15 % based on adaptation luminance of
2 cd∙m-2 15 % based on adaptation luminance of
5 cd∙m-2 NOTE During the life of this standard, the designations are likely to change from ME, CE, S to M, C, P. a Road lighting classes as given in EN 13201-2. b If CE-class or S-class has to be applied, adaptation level of luminance should be used according to
CEN/TR 13201-1:2004, Table 3 or equivalent national standards. c TI calculation as given in EN 13201-3. d Limits apply where users of transport systems are subject to a reduction in the ability to see essential information. Values given are for relevant positions and for viewing directions in the path of travel. e Table 5.2 in CIE 150:2003 gives corresponding values for the veiling luminance Lv. f The adaptation luminance values are taken from CIE 150:2003, Table 2.4. 4.6 Directional lighting 4.6.1 General Directional lighting may be used to highlight objects, reveal texture and improve the appearance of people. This is described by the term “modelling”. Directional lighting of a visual task may also affect its visibility. 4.6.2 Modelling Modelling is the balance between diffuse and directional light. It is a valid criterion of lighting quality in virtually all applications. The people and objects should be lit so that form and texture are revealed clearly and pleasingly. This occurs when the light comes predominantly from one direction; the shadows so essential to good modelling are then formed without confusion. The lighting should not be too directional or it will produce harsh shadows. 4.6.3 Directional lighting of visual tasks Lighting from a specific direction may reveal details within a visual task, increasing their visibility and making the task easier to perform. Veiling reflections and reflected glare should be avoided, see 4.4.3. 4.7 Colour aspects 4.7.1 General The colour qualities of a near-white lamp are characterized by two attributes: — the colour appearance of the lamp itself; — its colour rendering capabilities, which affect the colour appearance of objects and persons illuminated by the lamp. SIST EN 12464-2:2014
EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 12 These two attributes shall be considered separately. 4.7.2 Colour appearance The “colour appearance” of a lamp refers to the apparent colour (chromaticity) of the light emitted. It is quantified by its correlated colour temperature (Tcp). Colour appearance may also be described as in Table 4. Table 4 — Lamp colour appearance groups Colour appearance Correlated colour temperature Tcp K Warm below 3 300 Intermediate 3 300 to 5 300 Cool above 5 300 The choice of colour appearance is a matter of psychology, aesthetics and of what is considered to be natural. 4.7.3 Colour rendering Good colour rendering improves visual performance and the feeling of comfort and well-being. Colours in the environment and of objects shall be rendered correctly and, where reasonably practicable, human skin shall be rendered naturally. The latter may allow some compromise at outdoor workplaces. To provide an objective indication of the colour rendering properties of a light source the general colour rendering index Ra is used. The maximum value of Ra is 100. The minimum value of colour rendering index for distinct types of outdoor areas, tasks or activities are given in Tables 5.1 to 5.15. Safety colours according to ISO 3864-1 shall always be recognizable as such. Colour rendering properties of light from a light source may be reduced by optics, glazing and coloured surfaces. For accurate rendition of colours of objects and human skin the appropriate individual special colour rendering index (Ri) should be considered. 4.8 Flicker and stroboscopic effects Flicker causes distraction and may give rise to physiologica
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 12464-2
STANDARD april 2014
Svetloba in razsvetljava – Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu – 2. del: Delovna
mesta na prostem
Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 2: Outdoor work places
Licht und Beleuchtung – Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten – Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im
Freien
Lumière et éclairage – Éclairage des lieux de travail – Partie 2: Lieux de travail
extérieurs
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.160.10 SIST EN 12464-2:2014 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na strani II in od 1 do 33
2023-04: Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 12464-2:2014 (sl), Svetloba in razsvetljava – Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu – 2.
del: Delovna mesta na prostem, 2014, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten evropskemu
standardu EN 12464-2:2014 (en), Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 2: Outdoor work
places, 2014.
Ta standard nadomešča SIST EN 12464-2:2007.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 12464-2:2014 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo
CEN/TC 169 Svetloba in razsvetljava v gradbeništvu, katerega tajništvo je v pristojnosti DIN.
Slovenski standard SIST EN 12464-2:2014 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 12464-2:2014. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni standard v
angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC STV Steklo, svetloba
in razsvetljava v gradbeništvu.
Odločitev za izdajo tega standarda je dne 28. februarja 2014 sprejel SIST/TC STV Steklo, svetloba in
razsvetljava v gradbeništvu.
ZVEZA S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 12665:2018 Svetloba in razsvetljava – Osnovni izrazi in merila za specifikacijo zahtev za
razsvetljavo (SIST EN 12665:2011, razveljavljen)
SIST EN 13201-2 Cestna razsvetljava – 2. del: Zahtevane lastnosti
SIST EN 13201-3 Cestna razsvetljava – 3. del: Izračun lastnosti
SIST ISO 3864-1 Grafični simboli – Varnostne barve in varnostni znaki – 1. del: Načela
načrtovanja varnostnih znakov in varnostnih oznak
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "evropski standard", v SIST EN 12464-2 to
pomeni "slovenski standard".
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN 12464-2:2014 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
Upravni center CEN-CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Bruselj
Belgija
This national document is identical with EN 12464-2:2014 and is published with the permission of
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Brussels
Belgium
II
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EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 12464-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
januar 2014
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.160.20 Nadomešča EN 12464-2:2007
Slovenska izdaja
Svetloba in razsvetljava – Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu – 2. del:
Delovna mesta na prostem
Light and lighting – Lighting of Lumière et éclairage – Éclairage Licht und Beleuchtung –
work places – Part 2: Outdoor des lieux de travail – Partie 2: Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten
work places Lieux de travail extérieurs – Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im Freien
Ta evropski standard je CEN sprejel 7. decembra 2013.
Člani CEN morajo izpolnjevati notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi
dobi ta evropski standard status nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnihkoli sprememb. Najnovejši
seznami teh nacionalnih standardov in njihovi bibliografski podatki se na zahtevo lahko dobijo pri
Upravnem centru CEN-CENELEC ali kateremkoli članu CEN.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN-CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Člani CEN so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Nemčije,
Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske,
Švice, Turčije in Združenega kraljestva.
CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Upravni center CEN-CENELEC: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruselj
© 2014 CEN Vse pravice do izkoriščanja v kakršnikoli obliki in na kakršenkoli Ref. oznaka EN 12464-2:2014 E
način imajo nacionalni člani CEN.
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 4
Uvod . 5
1 Področje uporabe . 6
2 Zveze s standardi . 6
3 Izrazi in definicije . 6
4 Merila za načrtovanje razsvetljave . 6
4.1 Svetlobno okolje . 6
4.2 Porazdelitev svetlosti . 7
4.3 Osvetljenost . 7
4.3.1 Splošno . 7
4.3.2 Osvetljenost delovne površine . 7
4.3.3 Osvetljenost neposredne okolice . 8
4.3.4 Mreža izračuna osvetljenosti . 9
4.3.5 Enakomernost in neenakomernost . 9
4.4 Bleščanje . 10
4.4.1 Splošno . 10
4.4.2 Ocena bleščanja . 10
4.4.3 Zastirajoče in refleksno bleščanje . 11
4.5 Vsiljena svetloba . 11
4.6 Usmerjena razsvetljava . 12
4.6.1 Splošno . 12
4.6.2 Modeliranje . 12
4.6.3 Usmerjena razsvetljava vidnih delovnih nalog . 12
4.7 Barva svetlobe in barvni videz . 12
4.7.1 Splošno . 12
4.7.2 Barva svetlobe . 13
4.7.3 Barvni videz . 13
4.8 Migotanje svetlobe (fliker) in stroboskopski efekt . 13
4.9 Faktor vzdrževanja (MF) . 14
4.10 Energijski vidiki . 14
4.11 Trajnost . 14
5 Pregled zahtev za razsvetljavo . 15
5.1 Splošno . 15
5.2 Prikaz in pojasnila k preglednicam 5.1 do 5.15 . 15
5.3 Seznam območij, delovnih nalog in dejavnosti . 15
5.4 Zahteve za razsvetljavo območij, delovnih nalog in dejavnosti . 16
6 Postopki preverjanja . 23
6.1 Splošno . 23
6.2 Osvetljenost . 23
2
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
6.3 Ocena bleščanja . 24
6.4 Indeks barvnega videza in barva svetlobe . 24
6.5 Vsiljena svetloba . 24
6.6 Načrt vzdrževanja . 24
Dodatek A (informativni): A-odstopanja . 25
Literatura . 26
Abecedni seznam območij, delovnih nalog in dejavnosti . 27
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
Predgovor
Ta dokument (EN 12464-2:2014) je pripravil tehnični odbor CEN/TC 169 Svetloba in razsvetljava,
katerega sekretariat deluje v okviru DIN.
Ta evropski standard mora dobiti status nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
bodisi z razglasitvijo najpozneje do julija 2014, nasprotujoče nacionalne standarde pa je treba razveljaviti
najpozneje julija 2014.
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da so lahko nekateri deli tega dokumenta predmet patentnih pravic. CEN
[in/ali CENELEC] ne prevzemata odgovornosti za identifikacijo katerihkoli ali vseh takih patentnih pravic.
Ta dokument nadomešča EN 12464-2:2007.
Pomembne spremembe med tem dokumentom in EN 12464-2:2007 so:
a) izrazi in definicije so bili izbrisani, da se prepreči podvajanje v standardu EN 12665;
b) simboli so bili usklajeni s standardom EN 12665;
c) slika 1 je bila popravljena;
d) v točki 4.4.2, Ocena bleščanja, je privzeta vrednost refleksijskega faktorja ρ = 0,15;
e) točka 4.7.3, Barvni videz, je usklajena s standardom EN 12464-1;
f) točka 4.10, Energijski vidiki, je usklajena s standardom EN 12464-1 in razširjena;
g) v podtočki 5.1 so bile vstavljene zahteve za redno čiščenje delovnih prostorov;
h) preglednica 5.1, Splošne zahteve za območja in čiščenje delovnih mest na prostem, ima
spremenjen naslov in dodana je nova dejavnost;
i) preglednica 5.12, Železnice in tramvaji, je bila posodobljena in razširjena;
j) točka 6, Postopki preverjanja, je bila popravljena in usklajena s standardom EN 12464-1.
EN 12464, Svetloba in razsvetljava – Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu, je sestavljen iz naslednjih delov:
– 1. del: Notranji delovni prostori
– 2. del: Delovna mesta na prostem
V skladu z notranjimi predpisi CEN-CENELEC morajo ta evropski standard obvezno uvesti nacionalne
organizacije za standardizacijo naslednjih držav: Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga,
Madžarske, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške,
Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice, Turčije in Združenega
kraljestva.
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
Uvod
Za učinkovito in zanesljivo izvajanje vidnih delovnih nalog na prostem naj se zagotovi zadostna in
primerna razsvetljava, zlasti ponoči.
Zahtevana stopnja vidljivosti in udobja je za večino delovnih mest na prostem določena z vrsto in
trajanjem dejavnosti.
Ta standard določa količinske in kakovostne zahteve za razsvetljavo večine delovnih mest na prostem
in z njimi povezanih področij. Navedena so tudi nekatera priporočila dobre prakse za razsvetljavo.
Pomembno je, da se upoštevajo vse točke standarda, čeprav so bistvene zahteve podane v obliki
preglednice zahtev za razsvetljavo (glej točko 5).
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
1 Področje uporabe
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za razsvetljavo delovnih mest na prostem, ki zadoščajo potrebam
po vidnem udobju in učinku. Upoštevane so vse običajne vidne delovne naloge. Ta evropski standard
se ne uporablja za zasilno razsvetljavo; glej EN 1838 in EN 13032-3.
Ta evropski standard ne določa zahtev za razsvetljavo v zvezi z varnostjo in zdravjem delavcev na
delovnem mestu in ni bil pripravljen za področje uporabe 153. člena Pogodbe o Evropski skupnosti,
čeprav zahteve za razsvetljavo, kot so določene v tem standardu, ponavadi zadoščajo potrebam glede
varnosti. Zahteve za razsvetljavo v zvezi z varnostjo in zdravjem delavcev na delovnem mestu so lahko
navedene v direktivi na podlagi 153. člena Pogodbe o Evropski skupnosti, v nacionalni zakonodaji držav
članic, ki uveljavlja to direktivo, ali v drugi nacionalni zakonodaji držav članic.
Ta evropski standard ne ponuja določenih rešitev, ne omejuje oblikovalske svobode pri uporabi novih
tehnik, niti ne omejuje uporabe inovativnih sredstev.
2 Zveze s standardi
Ta dokument se v celoti ali delno normativno sklicuje na naslednje dokumente, ki so nepogrešljivi pri
njegovi uporabi. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih velja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih velja
zadnja izdaja referenčnega dokumenta (vključno z morebitnimi dopolnili).
EN 12665:2011 Svetloba in razsvetljava – Osnovni izrazi in merila za specifikacijo zahtev za
razsvetljavo
EN 13201-2 Cestna razsvetljava – 2. del: Zahtevane lastnosti
EN 13201-3 Cestna razsvetljava – 3. del: Izračun lastnosti
ISO 3864-1 Grafični simboli – Varnostne barve in varnostni znaki – 1. del: Načela načrtovanja
varnostnih znakov in varnostnih oznak
3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem evropskem standardu se uporabljajo izrazi in definicije, kot so podani v standardu EN 12665:2011.
4 Merila za načrtovanje razsvetljave
4.1 Svetlobno okolje
Za izvedbo dobre razsvetljave morajo biti poleg zahtev po osvetljenosti izpolnjene še druge količinske
in kakovostne zahteve.
Zahteve za razsvetljavo so določene s tremi osnovnimi človeškimi potrebami:
– z vidnim udobjem, da imajo delavci občutek ugodja; posredno vpliva tudi na višjo produktivnost;
– z vidno učinkovitostjo, ki omogoča delavcem izvedbo vidnih delovnih nalog tudi v težavnih
okoliščinah in daljših časovnih obdobjih;
– z varnostjo.
Zadovoljivo svetlobno okolje določajo naslednji parametri:
– porazdelitev svetlosti,
– osvetljenost,
– bleščanje,
– usmerjenost svetlobe,
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
– barvni videz in barva svetlobe,
– migotanje (fliker).
Zahtevane vrednosti za osvetljenost in njeno enakomernost, moteče bleščanje in indeks barvnega
videza so navedene v točki 5; drugi parametri so opisani v točki 4.
OPOMBA: Namerno izboljšano in načrtovano svetlobno okolje, razsvetljava brez bleščanja, dobro prikazovanje barv, visoko
kontrastne oznake ter optični in taktilni sistemi vodenja lahko izboljšajo vidljivost ter občutek za smer in lokacijo.
Glej CIE 196:2011.
Poleg razsvetljave na dobro vidljivost vplivajo še drugi parametri vidne ergonomije, kot so:
– bistvene lastnosti delovne naloge (velikost, oblika, položaj, barva in refleksijske lastnosti
podrobnosti in ozadja);
– očesne zmožnosti posameznika (ostrina vida, zaznavanje globine, zaznavanje barv).
Z upoštevanjem teh dejavnikov se lahko izboljša dobra vidljivost, ne da bi bila potrebna večja
osvetljenost.
4.2 Porazdelitev svetlosti
Porazdelitev svetlosti v vidnem polju vpliva na adaptacijo očesa in s tem tudi na vidnost delovne naloge.
Uravnotežena porazdelitev svetlosti je potrebna zaradi izboljšanja:
– ostrine vida,
– kontrastne občutljivosti (razločevanje majhnih relativnih razlik svetlosti),
– učinkovitega delovanja očesa (kot so akomodacija, usmerjenost pogleda, prilagoditev zenice,
gibanje očesa).
Porazdelitev svetlosti v vidnem polju vpliva tudi na vidno udobje. Izogibati bi se morali nenadnim
spremembam svetlosti.
4.3 Osvetljenost
4.3.1 Splošno
Osvetljenost in njena porazdelitev na delovni površini ter njeni neposredni okolici zelo vplivata na hitrost,
varnost in udobnost zaznave ter izvedbo vidne delovne naloge.
Vse vrednosti osvetljenosti, ki so navedene v tem standardu, so vzdrževane vrednosti in so primerne
za doseganje vidnega udobja, izvajanje vidnih delovnih nalog in zagotavljanje varnosti.
Vse vrednosti srednje osvetljenosti in enakomernosti so odvisne od opredelitve mreže (glej 4.3.4).
4.3.2 Osvetljenost delovne površine
Vrednosti, podane v točki 5, so vzdrževane vrednosti osvetljenosti na delovni površini. Referenčna
površina je lahko vodoravna, navpična ali nagnjena. Ne glede na starost in stanje naprav za razsvetljavo
ne sme srednja vrednost osvetljenosti za vsako delovno nalogo pasti pod vrednosti, podane v točki 5.
Vrednosti so veljavne za običajne vidne razmere in upoštevajo naslednje dejavnike:
– psihofiziološke vidike, kot sta vidno udobje in dobro počutje,
– zahteve za vidne delovne naloge,
– vidno ergonomijo,
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
– praktične izkušnje,
– varnost,
– ekonomiko.
Če se vidne razmere razlikujejo od običajno predpostavljenih, se lahko vrednosti osvetljenosti prilagodijo
za najmanj eno stopnjo skladno s spodaj prikazano lestvico osvetljenosti.
Vrednosti na lestvici naraščajo približno s faktorjem 1,5. To je najmanjša potrebna sprememba
osvetljenosti z opaznim učinkom. Priporočena lestvica osvetljenosti je (lx):
5 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 30 – 50 – 75 – 100 – 150 – 200 – 300 – 500 – 750 – 1000 – 1500 – 2000
Zahtevana vzdrževana osvetljenost naj se poveča, kadar:
– je vidna naloga zelo pomembna;
– se vidna delovna naloga ali delavec premika;
– je posledica napak zelo draga;
– je natančnost ali večja storilnost zelo pomembna;
– je vidna sposobnost delavcev manjša kot običajno;
– so podrobnosti delovne naloge neobičajno majhne ali z majhnimi kontrasti;
– delo traja neobičajno dolgo.
Zahtevana vzdrževana osvetljenost se lahko zniža, kadar:
– so podrobnosti delovne naloge neobičajno velike ali z velikimi kontrasti;
– delo traja neobičajno kratek čas ali le poredko.
4.3.3 Osvetljenost neposredne okolice
Osvetljenost površin v neposredni okolici mora biti usklajena z osvetljenostjo delovne površine in naj
zagotavlja uravnoteženo porazdelitev svetlosti v vidnem polju.
Velike razlike v osvetljenosti prostora okrog delovne površine lahko povzročijo naprezanje vida in
neugodje.
Osvetljenost neposredne okolice je lahko nižja, kot je tista za delovno površino, vendar ne sme biti
manjša od vrednosti, podanih v preglednici 1.
Neposredna okolica naj bo pas, širok vsaj 2 m, ki obkroža delovno površino v vidnem polju.
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
Preglednica 1: Osvetljenost površine neposredne okolice glede na osvetljenost delovne
površine
Osvetljenost delovne površine Osvetljenost neposredne okolice
(lx) (lx)
≥ 500 100
300 75
200 50
150 30
50 ≤ Ēm ≤ 100 20
< 50 ni določeno
Poleg osvetljenosti delovne površine mora razsvetljava skladno z zahtevami iz točke 4.2 zagotoviti tudi
ustrezno adaptacijsko svetlost.
4.3.4 Mreža izračuna osvetljenosti
Vrednosti osvetljenosti na delovni površini in njeni neposredni okolici se izračunavajo in preverjajo v
točkah, ki tvorijo enakomerno mrežo.
Zaželene so mreže s približno kvadratnimi elementi, pri čemer mora biti razmerje med dolžino in širino
elementa med 0,5 in 2 (glej tudi EN 12193). Največja dovoljena vrednost elementa mreže je:
log d
10
p = 0,2 5 (1)
kjer sta:
d daljša dimenzija območja izračuna (m), če je razmerje med daljšo in krajšo stranico manj kot
2, sicer je d krajša stranica; in
p največja velikost elementa mreže (m).
Vrednost p naj bo p ≤ 10 m.
OPOMBA: Enačba (1) (iz CIE x005:1992) je bila izpeljana ob predpostavki, da je vrednost p sorazmerna z vrednostjo log10 d,
kjer so:
p = 0,2 m za d = 1 m
p = 1 m za d = 10 m
p = 5 m za d = 100 m
4.3.5 Enakomernost in neenakomernost
Delovna površina mora biti osvetljena čimbolj enakomerno. Enakomernost osvetljenosti delovne
površine ne sme biti manjša od vrednosti, podanih v točki 5. Enakomernost osvetljenosti površin
neposredne okolice ne sme biti manjša od 0,10.
V nekaterih primerih je lahko pomembno merilo kakovosti tudi neenakomernost osvetljenosti (npr.
razsvetljava železnic).
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4.4 Bleščanje
4.4.1 Splošno
Bleščanje je pojav, ki nastane zaradi svetlih površin v vidnem polju in se lahko občuti kot neugodno
(psihološko) ali kot moteče (fiziološko) bleščanje. Bleščanje zaradi odsevov svetlobe na zrcalnih ali
lesketavih površinah lahko povzroča zastirajoče ali refleksno bleščanje.
Omejevanje bleščanja je pomembno, saj lahko zaradi bleščanja pride do napak, utrujenosti in nesreč.
OPOMBA: Omejevanju bleščanja je treba posvetiti posebno pozornost, kadar je smer pogleda nad vodoravnico.
4.4.2 Ocena bleščanja
Bleščanje, ki nastane neposredno zaradi uporabljenih svetilk v zunanji razsvetljavi, je treba oceniti z
uporabo metode ocene bleščanja po CIE (R ). Bleščanje se vrednoti s pomočjo enačbe:
G
pri čemer sta:
–2
L skupna zastirajoča svetlost v cd m , ki jo povzroča razsvetljavna naprava. Izračuna se
vl
kot vsota zastirajočih svetlosti vseh posameznih uporabljenih svetilk (L = L + L +
vl v1 v2
….L ). Zastirajoča svetlost posamezne svetilke se izračuna kot: L = 10∙(E ∙ ), pri
vn v eye
čemer je E osvetljenost ob očesu opazovalca na ravnini, ki je pravokotna na smer
eye
pogleda (2° pod vodoravnico, kot je prikazano na sliki 1), in Θ kot med smerjo pogleda
opazovalca in smerjo vpada svetlobe od vsake posamezne svetilke;
–2
L ekvivalentna zastirajoča svetlost okolice v cd∙m . Ob predpostavki, da so površine
ve
–1
okolice popolnoma difuzne, se lahko izračuna s pomočjo izraza L = 0,035∙ρꞏE ∙π , pri
ve hav
čemer sta p povprečni refleksijski faktor in E srednja vrednost vodoravne osvetljenosti
hav
površin v okolici. Če vrednost refleksijskega faktorja ni znana, naj se za ρ uporabi
vrednost 0,15.
Legenda
1 smer pogleda
2 ravnina, na kateri se računa E
eye
Slika 1: Kot med smerjo pogleda opazovalca in smerjo vpada svetlobe od posamezne svetilke
R naj se računa v točkah mreže, kot je opredeljena v 4.3.4, v intervalih po 45° radialno glede na točke
G
mreže. Smer 0° je vzporedna z daljšo stranico delovne površine.
Vse predpostavke, ki so bile uporabljene pri izračunu indeksa bleščanja R , je treba navesti v ustreznem
G
načrtu v dokumentaciji. Izračunane vrednosti R ne smejo presegati vrednosti R , podane v točki 5.
G GL
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SIST EN 12464-2 : 2014
4.4.3 Zastirajoče in refleksno bleščanje
Refleksije z visoko sijavostjo v področju vidne delovne naloge ponavadi poslabšajo njeno vidnost.
Zastirajoče in refleksno bleščanje se lahko zmanjša ali prepreči z naslednjimi ukrepi:
– prilagoditev položajev svetilk in delovnih površin,
– obdelava površin (npr. matirane površine),
– omejitev svetlosti svetilk,
– povečanje svetlečih površin svetilk.
4.5 Vsiljena svetloba
Vsiljena svetloba, znana tudi kot svetlobno onesnaženje, se omejuje zaradi ohranitve ali izboljšanja
nočnega okolja in za preprečitev morebitnih fizioloških in ekoloških posledic za ljudi in okolje.
V preglednici 2 so podane največje dovoljene vrednosti vsiljene svetlobe za naprave zunanje
razsvetljave, ki zmanjšujejo težave za ljudi, floro in favno, v preglednici 3 pa za udeležence cestnega
prometa.
Preglednica 2: Največje dovoljene vrednosti vsiljene svetlobe za naprave za zunanjo
razsvetljavo
Okoljska cona Osvetljenost na posesti Svetilnost svetilke Delež Svetlost
svetlobe
navzgor
Ev I RUL Lb Ls
–2 –2
lx cd % cd∙m cd∙m
Pred Po Pred Po Pročelja Znaki
a
zatemnitvijo zatemnitvi zatemnitvijo zatemnitvi stavb
E1 2 0 2500 0 0 0 50
E2 5 1 7500 500 5 5 400
E3 10 2 10.000 1000 15 10 800
E4 25 5 25.000 2500 25 25 1000
pri čemer:
E1 predstavlja sama po sebi temna območja, kot so narodni parki ali zaščitena območja
E2 predstavlja območja z nizko sijavostjo, kot so kmetijske, industrijske ali podeželske stanovanjske
površine
E3 predstavlja območja s srednjo sijavostjo, kot so industrijska ali stanovanjska predmestja
E4 predstavlja območja z visoko sijavostjo, kot so mestna središča in trgovska središča
Ev je največja vrednost vertikalne osvetljenosti na posesti (v luksih)
I je svetilnost vsakega vira svetlobe v smeri, v kateri lahko povzroča motenje (v cd)
RUL je delež svetlobnega toka, ki jo svetilka(-e) oddaja(-jo) v zgornjo poloblo v legi in usmerjenosti, kot je (so)
nameščena(-e) (v %)
–2
Lb je največja dovoljena srednja svetlost pročelja objekta (v cd∙m )
–2
L je največja dovoljena srednja svetlost znakov (v cd∙m )
s
a
Če v zakonodaji ni predvideno obdobje zatemnitve, naj se nižje vrednosti upoštevajo kot zaželene, višje vrednosti
pa ne smejo biti prekoračene.
11
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Porast praga zaznavanja za ustrezne položaje pogleda uporabnikov prevoznih sredstev v smeri vožnje
ne sme preseči 15 % glede na dejansko raven adaptacije. Če raven adaptacije ni znana in cestna
2
razsvetljava ni postavljena, je treba uporabiti adaptacijsko svetlost 0,1 cd/m .
Preglednica 3: Največje dovoljene vrednosti porasta praga zaznavanja (TI) na cestah zaradi
druge razsvetljave
a b
Razredi cestne razsvetljave ,
Svetlobnotehnični
parameter f
Brez razsvetljave ME5 ME4 /ME3 ME2 /ME1
Relativni porast 15 % ob 15 % ob 15 % ob 15 % ob
c d e
praga (TI) , , upoštevanju upoštevanju upoštevanju upoštevanju
adaptacijske adaptacijske adaptacijske adaptacijske
–2 –2 –2 –2
svetlosti 0,1 cd∙m svetlosti 1 cd∙m svetlosti 2 cd∙m svetlosti 5 cd∙m
OPOMBA: V času veljavnosti tega standarda se lahko označbe spremenijo iz ME, CE, S v M, C, P.
a
Razredi cestne razsvetljave, kot so podani v EN 13201-2.
b
Če je treba uporabiti razred CE ali S, naj se uporablja raven adaptacijske svetlosti v skladu s CEN/TR
13201- 1:2004, preglednica 3, ali enakovrednim nacionalnim standardom.
c
Izračun TI, kot je podan v EN 13201-3.
d
Mejne vrednos
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
01-september-2013
Svetloba in razsvetljava - Razsvetljava na delovnem mestu - 2. del: Delovna mesta
na prostem
Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Outdoor work places
Licht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten - Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im Freien
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des lieux de travail - Lieux de travail extérieurs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN 12464-2
ICS:
91.160.01 Razsvetljava na splošno Lighting in general
kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 12464-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2013
ICS 91.160.20 Will supersede EN 12464-2:2007
English Version
Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Outdoor work
places
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des lieux de travail - Lieux Licht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten -
de travail extérieurs Teil 2: Arbeitsplätze im Freien
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 169.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 12464-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Contents
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Lighting design criteria . 5
4.1 Luminous environment . 5
4.2 Luminance distribution . 6
4.3 Illuminance . 6
4.3.1 General . 6
4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area . 6
4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings . 7
4.3.4 Illuminance grid . 8
4.3.5 Uniformity and diversity . 8
4.4 Glare . 9
4.4.1 General . 9
4.4.2 Glare rating . 9
4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare . 10
4.5 Obtrusive light . 10
4.6 Directional lighting . 12
4.6.1 General . 12
4.6.2 Modelling . 12
4.6.3 Directional lighting of visual tasks . 12
4.7 Colour aspects . 12
4.7.1 General . 12
4.7.2 Colour appearance . 13
4.7.3 Colour rendering . 13
4.8 Flicker and stroboscopic effects. 13
4.9 Maintenance factor (MF) . 13
4.10 Energy considerations . 14
4.11 Sustainability . 14
5 Schedule of lighting requirements . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Composition of the Tables 5.1 to 5.15 below . 14
5.3 The schedule of areas, tasks and activities . 15
5.4 Lighting requirements for areas, tasks and activities . 16
6 Verification procedures . 22
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Illuminance . 23
6.3 Glare Rating . 23
6.4 Colour Rendering Index and colour appearance . 23
6.5 Obtrusive light . 23
6.6 Maintenance schedule . 23
Annex A (informative) A–deviations . 24
Bibliography . 25
Index of areas, tasks and activities . 26
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprEN 12464-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and
lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This document will supersede EN 12464-2:2007.
EN 12464 Light and lighting - Lighting of work places is published in 2 parts:
Part 1: Indoor work places;
Part 2: Outdoor work places
Significant changes between this document and EN 12464-2:2007 are:
a) The terms and definitions were deleted to avoid duplication with EN 12665;
b) Symbols were aligned with EN 12665;
c) Figure 1 was corrected;
d) 4.4.2 "Glare rating". the reflectance has a default value of ρ = 0,15;
e) 4.7.3 "colour rendering", aligned with EN 12464-1;
f) 4.10 "energy considerations", aligned with EN 12464-1 and extended;
g) Sub-clause 5.1, insertion of requirements regarding routine cleaning of work spaces;
h) Table 5.1 "General requirements for areas and for cleaning at outdoor work places", title changed and new
activity added;
i) Table 5.12 "Railways and tramways", updated and extended;
j) Clause 6 "Verification procedures", revised and harmonised with EN 12464-1.
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Introduction
To enable people to perform outdoor visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate
and appropriate lighting should be provided.
The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and
duration of activity.
This standard specifies requirements for lighting of tasks in most outdoor work places and their associated areas in
terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice.
It is important that all clauses of the standard are followed although the specific requirements are tabulated in the
schedule of lighting requirements (see Clause 5).
4
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies lighting requirements for outdoor work places, which meet the needs for visual
comfort and performance. All usual visual tasks are considered. This European Standard is not applicable for
emergency lighting; see EN 1838 and EN 13032-3.
This European Standard does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at
work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting
requirements, as specified in this standard, usually fulfil safety needs. Lighting requirements with respect to the
safety and health of workers at work may be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in
national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member
states.
This European Standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring
new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12665:2011, Light and lighting — Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements
EN 13201-2, Road lighting — Part 2: Performance requirements
EN 13201-3, Road lighting — Part 3: Calculation of performance
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and
safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2011 apply.
4 Lighting design criteria
4.1 Luminous environment
For good lighting practice it is essential that, in addition to the required illuminance, other qualitative and
quantitative needs are satisfied.
Lighting requirements are determined by the satisfaction of three basic human needs:
visual comfort, where the workers have a feeling of well-being; in an indirect way also contributing to a high
productivity level,
visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual tasks, even under difficult
circumstances and during longer periods,
safety.
Main parameters determining the luminous environment are:
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
luminance distribution,
illuminance,
glare,
directionality of light,
colour rendering and colour appearance of the light,
flicker.
Values for illuminance and its uniformity, discomfort glare and colour rendering index are given in Clause 5; other
parameters are described in Clause 4.
NOTE In addition to the lighting there are other visual ergonomic parameters which influence visual performance, such as:
the intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, colour and reflectance properties of detail and background),
ophthalmic capacity of the person (visual acuity, depth perception, colour perception),
Intentionally improved and designed luminous environment, glare-free illumination, good colour rendering, high contrast
markings and optical and tactile guiding systems can improve visibility and sense of direction and locality. See
CIE 196:2011.
Attention to these factors can enhance visual performance without the need for higher illuminance.
4.2 Luminance distribution
The luminance distribution in the visual field controls the adaptation level of the eyes, which affects task visibility.
A well balanced luminance distribution is needed to increase:
visual acuity (sharpness of vision),
contrast sensitivity (discrimination of small relative luminance differences),
efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation, convergence, pupillary contraction, eye
movements.).
The luminance distribution in the visual field also affects visual comfort. Sudden changes in luminance should be
avoided.
4.3 Illuminance
4.3.1 General
The illuminance and its distribution on the task area and the surrounding area have a great impact on how quickly,
safely and comfortably a person perceives and carries out the visual task.
All values of illuminances specified in this standard are maintained illuminances and will provide for visual comfort,
visual performance and safety needs.
All illuminance average and uniformity values are dependent upon the grid definition (see 4.3.4).
4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area
The values given in Clause 5 are maintained illuminances over the task area on the reference surface, which may
be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the value given in
Clause 5, regardless of the age and condition of the installation.
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FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
The values are valid for normal visual conditions and take into account the following factors:
psycho-physiological aspects such as visual comfort and well-being,
requirements for visual tasks,
visual ergonomics,
practical experience,
safety,
economy.
The value of illuminance may be adjusted by at least one step in the scale of illuminances (see below), if the visual
conditions differ from the normal assumptions.
A factor of approximately 1,5 represents the smallest significant difference in subjective effect of illuminance. The
recommended scale of illuminance (in lx) is:
5 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 30 – 50 – 75 – 100 – 150 – 200 – 300 – 500 – 750 – 1 000 – 1 500 – 2 000
The required maintained illuminance should be increased, when:
visual work is critical,
visual task or worker is moving,
errors are costly to rectify,
accuracy or higher productivity is of great importance,
the visual capacity of the worker is below normal,
task details are of unusually small size or low contrast,
the task is undertaken for an unusually long time.
The required maintained illuminance may be decreased when:
task details are of an unusually large size or high contrast,
the task is undertaken for an unusually short time or on only rare occasions.
4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings
The illuminance of surrounding areas shall be related to the illuminance of the task area and should provide a well-
balanced luminance distribution in the visual field.
Large spatial variations in illuminances around the task area may lead to visual stress and discomfort.
The illuminance of the surrounding areas may be lower than the task illuminance but shall be not less than the
values given in Table 1.
The surrounding area should be a band with a width of at least 2 m around the task area within the visual field.
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Table 1 — Relationship of illuminances of surrounding areas to task area
Task illuminance Illuminance of surrounding areas
lx lx
≥ 500 100
75
300
200 50
30
150
20
50 ≤ E ≤ 100
m
no specification
< 50
In addition to the task illuminance the lighting shall provide adequate adaptation luminance in accordance with 4.2.
4.3.4 Illuminance grid
A grid system shall be created for the task and surrounding areas to indicate the points at which the illuminance
values are calculated and verified.
Grids approximating a square are preferred, the ratio of length to width of a grid cell shall be kept between 0,5 and
2 (see also EN 12193). The maximum grid size shall be:
log d
10
p = 0,2 × 5 (1)
where
d is the longer dimension of the area, in m, if the ratio of the longer to the shorter side is less than 2,
otherwise d is the shorter dimension of the area, and
p is the maximum grid cell size in m.
The value of p should be that p ≤ 10 m.
NOTE Formula (1) (coming from CIE x005:1992) has been derived under the assumption that p is proportional to log d ,
10
where:
p = 0,2 m for d = 1 m;
p = 1 m for d = 10 m;
p = 5 m for d = 100 m.
4.3.5 Uniformity and diversity
The task area shall be illuminated as uniformly as possible. The illuminance uniformity of the task area shall be not
less than the values given in Clause 5. The uniformity of the surroundings shall not be less than 0,10.
In some cases e.g. railways, illuminance diversity is also an important quality criterion.
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4.4 Glare
4.4.1 General
Glare is the sensation produced by bright areas within the field of vision and may be experienced either as
discomfort glare or disability glare. Glare caused by reflections in specular surfaces is usually known as veiling
reflections or reflected glare.
It is important to limit the glare to the users to avoid errors, fatigue and accidents.
NOTE Special care is needed to avoid glare when the direction of view is above horizontal.
4.4.2 Glare rating
The glare directly from the luminaires of an outdoor lighting installation shall be determined using the CIE Glare
Rating (R ) method, based on the formula:
G
L
vl
R = 27+ 24log (2)
G 10
0,9
L
ve
where
–2
L is the total veiling luminance in cd·m caused by the lighting installation and is the sum of the veiling
vl
luminances produced by each individual luminaire (L = L + L +….L ). The veiling luminance of the
vl v1 v2 vn
-2
individual luminaires is calculated as L = 10·(E ·Θ ), in which E is the illuminance at the observer's
v eye eye
eye in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight (2° below horizontal, see Figure 1) and Θ is the angle
between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light incident from the individual luminaire;
–2
L is the equivalent veiling luminance of the environment in cd∙m . From the assumption that the reflection
ve
of the environment is totally diffuse, the equivalent veiling reflection from the environment may be
–1
calculated as L = 0,035·ρ·E ∙π , in which ρ represents the average reflectance and E the average
ve hav hav
horizontal illuminance of the area. If the value of reflectance is not known, ρ should be taken as 0,15.
Key
1 line of sight
2 plane of E
eye
Figure 1 — The angle between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light incident from the
individual luminaire
R should be computed at grid positions as defined in 4.3.4, at 45° intervals radially about the grid points with 0°
G
direction parallel to the long side of the task area.
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FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
All assumptions made in the determination of R shall be stated in the scheme documentation. The R value of the
G G
lighting installation shall not exceed the R -value given in Clause 5.
GL
4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare
High brightness reflections in the visual task may alter task visibility, usually detrimentally. Veiling reflections and
reflected glare may be prevented or reduced by the following measures:
appropriate arrangement of luminaires and work places,
surface finish (e. g. matt surfaces),
luminance restriction of luminaires,
increased luminous area of the luminaire.
4.5 Obtrusive light
To safeguard and enhance the night time environment it is necessary to control obtrusive light (also known as light
pollution), which can present physiological and ecological problems to surroundings and people.
The limits of obtrusive light for exterior lighting installations, to minimise problems for people, flora and fauna, are
given in Table 2 and for road users in Table 3.
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kSIST FprEN 12464-2:2013
FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Table 2 — Maximum obtrusive light permitted for exterior lighting installations
Environmental Light on properties Luminaire intensity Upward Luminance
zone light ratio
E I R L L
v UL b s
cd
–2 –2
lx %
cd∙m cd∙m
Pre- Post- Pre-curfew Post- Building Signs
a
curfew curfew facade
curfew
E1 2 0 2500 0 0 0 50
E2 5 1 7500 500 5 5 400
E3 10 2 10000 1000 15 10 800
E4 25 5 25000 2500 25 25 1 000
where
E1 represents intrinsically dark areas, such as national parks or protected sites;
E2 represents low district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential rural areas;
E3 represents medium district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential suburbs;
E4 represents high district brightness areas, such as town centres and commercial areas;
E is the maximum value of vertical illuminance on properties in lx;
v
I is the light intensity of each source in the potentially obtrusive direction in cd;
R is the proportion of the flux of the luminaire(s) that is emitted above the horizontal, when the luminaire(s) is (are)
UL
mounted in its (their) installed position and attitude, and given in %;
–2
L is the maximum average luminance of the facade of a building in cd∙m ;
b
–2
L is the maximum average luminance of signs in cd∙m .
s
a
In case no curfew regulations are available, the higher values shall not be exceeded and the lower values should be
taken as preferable limits.
For users of transport systems for the relevant viewing positions in the path of travel the threshold increment shall
not exceed 15 % based on the actual adaptation level. If the adaptation level is not known and no road lighting is
provided, an adaptation luminance of 0,1 cd/m² shall be applied.
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FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
Table 3 — Maximum values of threshold increment from non-road lighting installations
a, b
Light technical Road lighting classes
parameter
f
No road lighting ME5 ME4 / ME3 ME2 / ME1
Threshold 15 % based on 15 % based on 15 % based on 15 % based on
c, d, e
increment (TI) adaptation adaptation adaptation adaptation
luminance of luminance of luminance of luminance of
-2 -2 -2 -2
0,1 cd∙m 1 cd∙m 2 cd∙m 5 cd∙m
a
Road lighting classes as given in EN 13201-2.
b
If CE-class or S-class has to be applied, adaptation level of luminance should be used according to
CEN/TR 13201-1:2004, Table 3 or equivalent national standards.
c
TI calculation as given in EN 13201-3.
d
Limits apply where users of transport systems are subject to a reduction in the ability to see essential information. Values
given are for relevant positions and for viewing directions in the path of travel.
e
Table 5.2 in CIE 150:2003 gives corresponding values for the veiling luminance L .
v
f
The adaptation luminance values are taken from CIE 150:2003, Table 2.4.
4.6 Directional lighting
4.6.1 General
Directional lighting may be used to highlight objects, reveal texture and improve the appearance of people. This is
described by the term "modelling". Directional lighting of a visual task may also affect its visibility.
4.6.2 Modelling
Modelling is the balance between diffuse and directional light. It is a valid criterion of lighting quality in virtually all
applications. The people and objects should be lit so that form and texture are revealed clearly and pleasingly. This
occurs when the light comes predominantly from one direction; the shadows so essential to good modelling are
then formed without confusion.
The lighting should not be too directional or it will produce harsh shadows.
4.6.3 Directional lighting of visual tasks
Lighting from a specific direction may reveal details within a visual task, increasing their visibility and making the
task easier to perform. Veiling reflections and reflected glare should be avoided, see 4.4.3.
4.7 Colour aspects
4.7.1 General
The colour qualities of a near-white lamp are characterised by two attributes:
the colour appearance of the lamp itself;
its colour rendering capabilities, which affect the colour appearance of objects and persons illuminated by the
lamp.
These two attributes shall be considered separately.
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FprEN 12464-2:2013 (E)
4.7.2 Colour appearance
The "colour appearance" of a lamp refers to the apparent colour (chromaticity) of the light emitted. It is quantified by
its correlated colour temperature (T ).
cp
Colour appearance may also be described as in Table 4.
Table 4 — Lamp colour appearance groups
Colour appearance Correlated colour temperature
T
cp
K
Warm below 3 300
Intermediate 3 300 to 5 300
Cool above 5 300
The choice of colour appearance is a matter of psychology, aesthetics and of what is considered to be natural.
4.7.3 Colour rendering
For visual performance and the feeling of comfort and well being colours in the environment, of objects and of
human skin, shall be rendered naturally, correctly and in a way that makes people look attractive and healthy. The
later may allow
...
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