SIST EN 15933:2012
(Main)Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH
Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 in a suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH-H2O), or a 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH-CaCl2). This European Standard is applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and fresh or air-dry soil samples.
Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall und Boden - Bestimmung des pH-Werts
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des pH-Werts innerhalb des Bereichs
pH = 2 bis pH = 12, der in einer Suspension aus Schlamm, behandeltem Bioabfall oder Boden, entweder in
Wasser (pH H2O) oder in einer 0,01-mol/l-Calciumchloridlösung (pH CaCl2) gemessen wird.
Diese Europäische Norm ist auf Schlamm, behandelten Bioabfall und frische oder lufttrockene Bodenproben
anwendbar.
Boues, bio-déchets traités et sols - Détermination du pH
La présente Norme européenne présente une méthode de détermination du pH dans la plage comprise entre pH 2 et pH 12 dans une suspension de boue, de biodéchet traité ou de sol dans de l'eau (pH-H2O), ou dans une solution de chlorure de calcium à 0,01 mol/l (pH-CaCl2).
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux échantillons de boues, de biodéchets traités et de sols frais ou séchés à l'air.
Blato, obdelani biološki odpadki in tla - Določevanje pH
Ta evropski standard določa metodo za določitev pH v razponu od pH 2 do pH 12 v suspenziji blata, predelanih bioloških odpadkov ali prsti v vodi (pH-H2O) ali 0,01 mol/l raztopine kalcijevega klorida (pH-CaCl2). Ta evropski standard velja za blato, predelane biološke odpadke in sveže oziroma na zraku sušene vzorce prsti.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall und Boden - Bestimmung des pH-WertsBoues, bio-déchets traités et sols - Détermination du pHSludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH13.080.10Chemical characteristics of soils13.030.20Liquid wastes. SludgeICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15933:2012SIST EN 15933:2012en,fr,de01-december-2012SIST EN 15933:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15933:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15933
August 2012 ICS 13.030.01 English Version
Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH
Boue, biodéchet traité et sol - Détermination du pH
Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall und Boden - Bestimmung des pH-Werts This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 May 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15933:2012: ESIST EN 15933:2012
EN 15933:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3Introduction . 41 Scope . 52 Normative references . 53 Principle . 54 Interferences . 55 Reagents . 56 Apparatus . 67 Sample pretreatment . 68 Procedure . 78.1 Preparation of a suspension . 78.2 Calibration of the pH-meter . 78.3 Measurement of the pH . 79 Expression of results . 710 Precision . 711 Test report . 8Annex A (informative)
Repeatability and reproducibility data . 9A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study . 9A.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 10Bibliography . 11 SIST EN 15933:2012
EN 15933:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15933:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 400 “Project Committee - Horizontal standards in the fields of sludge, biowaste and soil”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/330), which assigned the development of standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and biological parameters as well as inorganic and organic determinants, aiming to make these standards applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and soil as far as this is technically feasible. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15933:2012
EN 15933:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is applicable and validated for several types of matrices as indicated in Table 1 (see also Annex A for the results of the validation). Table 1 — Matrices for which this European Standard is applicable and validated Matrix Materials used for validation Sludge Municipal sludge Biowaste Compost Soil Arable soil
Forest soil
WARNING — Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this European Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff. SIST EN 15933:2012
EN 15933:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 in a suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH-H2O), or a 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH-CaCl2). This European Standard is applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and fresh or air-dry soil samples. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16179, Sludge, treated biowaste and soil — Guidance for sample pretreatment
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) 3 Principle The pH is measured in a suspension of a test portion which is made up in 5 times its volume of either water or a 0,01-mol/l-solution of calcium chloride. NOTE To make the procedure generally applicable to all types of sludge, treated biowaste and soil samples, a volume fraction ratio is chosen be
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15933:2011
01-januar-2011
%ODWRREGHODQLELRORãNLRGSDGNLLQWOD'RORþHYDQMHS+
Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH
Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall und Boden - Bestimmung des pH-Werts
Boues, bio-déchets traités et sols - Détermination du pH
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15933
ICS:
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
oSIST prEN 15933:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15933:2011
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oSIST prEN 15933:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15933
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2010
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH
Boues, bio-déchets traités et sols - Détermination du pH Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall und Boden - Bestimmung
des pH-Werts
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for second enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 400.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15933:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 15933:2011
prEN 15933:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Principle . 5
4 Interferences . 5
5 Reagents . 5
6 Apparatus . 6
7 Sample pretreatment . 6
8 Procedure . 6
8.1 Preparation of a suspension . 6
8.2 Calibration of the pH-meter . 6
8.3 Measurement of the pH . 7
9 Expression of results . 7
10 Precision . 7
11 Test report . 7
Annex A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data . 8
A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study . 8
A.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 9
Bibliography . 10
2
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oSIST prEN 15933:2011
prEN 15933:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15933:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 400 “Project
Committee - Horizontal standards in the fields of sludge, biowaste and soil”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the second CEN Enquiry.
This draft European Standard prEN 15933 was completely technically and editorially revised following the
st
comments made during the 1 CEN-Enquiry in 2009 and the discussions from CEN/TC 400/WG 4
"Inorganic elements and compounds".
This European Standard is part of a modular horizontal approach in which this document belongs to the
analytical step.
The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate
M/330). The mandate considers standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and biological
parameters as well as inorganic and organic determinants. It was the aim of the mandate to develop
standards that are applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and soil and lead to equivalent results as far as
this is technically feasible.
Until now test methods determining properties of materials within the environmental area were prepared in
Technical Committees (TCs) working on specific products/matrices (soil, waste, sludge etc). However, it is
recognized that many steps in test procedures can be used in test procedures for other products/matrices.
By careful determination of these steps and selection of specific questions within these steps, elements of
the test procedure can be described in a way that can be used for more matrices and materials with certain
specifications. This optimization is in line with the development among end-users of standards. A majority
of routine environmental analyses are carried out by institutions and laboratories working under a scope
which is not limited to one single environmental matrix but covers a wide variety of matrices. Availability of
standards covering more matrices contributes to the optimization of laboratory procedures and standard
maintenance costs, e.g. costs related to accreditation and recognition.
A horizontal modular approach was developed in the project 'Horizontal'. 'Modular' means that a test
standard developed in this approach concerns a specific step in assessing a property and not the whole
”chain of measurement” (from sampling to analyses). A beneficial feature of this approach is that “modules”
can be replaced by better ones without jeopardizing the standard “chain”.
The results of the desk study as well as the evaluation and validation studies have been subject to
discussions with all parties concerned in the CEN structure during the development by project 'Horizontal'.
The results of these consultations with interested parties in the CEN structure have been presented to and
discussed in CEN/TC 400.
Based on data from interlaboratory studies and consultations with interested parties within CEN member
bodies, it has been concluded that this draft standard prEN 15933 is acceptable for its intended use and is
ready for the CEN enquiry.
It is recognized that standardization in the environmental field in most national standardization bodies is
organized in national standardization committees that mirror the vertical structure of technical committees
in the environmental field in CEN. The present CEN enquiry therefore asks for a special attention by the
NSBs to assure that the relevant and interested parties are consulted during the CEN enquiry, i.e. to
assure that one single consolidated enquiry reply on this draft standard prEN 15933 can be presented by
the NSB that covers the entire scope of this draft standard.
3
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oSIST prEN 15933:2011
prEN 15933:2010 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is validated for several types of matrices as indicated below (see also Annex A for
the results of the validation):
Table 1 — Matrices for which this European Standard is (applicable and) validated
Matrix Validated for
Sludge Municipal sludge
Biowaste
Compost
Soil Arable soil
Forest soil
WARNING — Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety a
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15933:2009
01-julij-2009
7ODEODWRLQELRRGSDGNL'RORþHYDQMHS+
Soil, sludge, and treated biowaste - Determination of pH
Boden, Schlamm und behandelter Bioabfall - Bestimmung des pH-Wertes
Sol, boue et biodéchet traité - Détermination du pH
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15933
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
oSIST prEN 15933:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15933
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2009
ICS
English Version
Soil, sludge, and treated biowaste - Determination of pH
Boden, Schlamm und behandelter Bioabfall - Bestimmung
des pH-Wertes
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS S99.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15933:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 15933:2009
prEN 15933:2009 (E)
Contents
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 5
2 Comments to the method . 5
3 Normative references . 6
4 Terms and definitions . 7
5 Principle . 7
6 Interferences and sources of errors . 7
7 Reagents . 8
8 Apparatus . 8
9 Sampling and sample pre-treatment. 8
10 Procedure . 8
10.1 Preparation of a suspension . 8
10.2 Calibration of the pH meter . 9
10.3 Measurement of the pH . 9
10.4 Blank determination . 9
10.5 Quality Assurance of the overall procedure . 9
11 Expression of results . 9
12 Precision data . 9
13 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative). 10
A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study . 10
A.2 Interlaboratory comparison results. 11
A.3 Repeatability and reproducibility . 11
Annex B (informative). 13
Bibliography . 16
2
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
prEN 15933:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15933:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/SS S99 "Health,
environment and medical equipment - Undetermined", the secretariat of which is held by CMC.
The document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This draft standard has been prepared by the European project «Horizontal » and presented to
CEN/TC BTTF 151 “Horizontal Standards in the Fields of Sludge, Biowaste, and Soil”, the secretariat of
which is held by DS. Standardisation is carried out under mandate M330 given to CEN by the European
Commission, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
The standard is part of a modular horizontal approach in which this standard belongs to the analytical step.
The results of the desk study as well as the evaluation and validation studies have been subject to
discussions with all parties concerned in the CEN structure during the development by project Horizontal.
The results of these consultations with interested parties in the CEN structure have been presented to and
discussed in CEN BT/TF 151.
Based on data from interlaboratory studies and consultations with interested parties within CEN member
bodies, it has been concluded that the draft standard is acceptable for its intended use and is ready for the
CEN enquiry.
It is recognized that standardization in the environmental field in most national standardization bodies is
organized in national standardization committees that mirror the vertical structure of technical committees
in the environmental field in CEN. The present CEN enquiry therefore asks for a special attention by the
NSBs to assure that the relevant and interested parties are consulted during the CEN enquiry, i.e. to
assure that one single consolidated enquiry reply on the draft standard can be presented by the NSB that
covers the entire scope of the draft standard.
3
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
prEN 15933:2009 (E)
The standard is applicable and validated for several types of matrices as indicated below:
Material Validated for Document
(type of sample, e.g. municipal
sludge, compost)
Sludge Municipal sludge Andersson, S., Nilsson, S.I. &
Jennische, P. (2003). Desk study
to assess the feasibility of a draft
horizontal standard for pH.
Nilsson S.I., Johnsson L. &
Jennische, P. (2005). A horizontal
standard for pH measurements –
The influence on pH
measurements of sample
pretreatment,ionic composition /
ionic strength of the extractant
and centrifugation / filtration
Soil Arable soil and forest soil Andersson, S., Nilsson, S.I. &
Jennische, P. (2003). Desk study
to assess the feasibility of a draft
horizontal standard for pH.
Nilsson S.I., Johnsson L. &
Jennische, P. (2005). A horizontal
standard for pH measurements –
The influence on pH
measurements of sample
pretreatment,ionic composition /
ionic strength of the extractant
and centrifugation / filtration
Treated biowaste Compost Andersson, S., Nilsson, S.I. &
Jennische, P. (2003). Desk study
to assess the feasibility of a draft
horizontal standard for pH.
Nilsson S.I., Johnsson L. &
Jennische, P. (2005). A horizontal
standard for pH measurements –
The influence on pH
measurements of sample
pretreatment,ionic composition /
ionic strength of the extractant
and centrifugation / filtration
4
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
prEN 15933:2009 (E)
Introduction
This draft standard is one of a number of draft standards developed and validated in the European project
'Horizontal' financed by the EU commission and EU member states. The project “Horizontal” was
conducted by a European Consortium under the management by ECN, The Netherlands. This draft
standard was presented by the project Horizontal to CEN/BT TF 151 in June 2008 with a view to be
formally adopted as European Standard under CEN rules.
The standardisation by CEN is carried out on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/330).
The mandate considers standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and biological
parameters as well as inorganic and organic determinants. It was the aim of the initiative to develop
standards that are suitable for a wide range of environmental materials and lead to equivalent results as far
as this is technically feasible.
Until now test methods determining properties of materials within the environmental area were prepared in
Technical Committees (TCs) working on specific products/matrices (soil, waste, sludge etc). However, it is
recognized that many steps in test procedures can be used in test procedures for other products/matrices.
By careful determination of these steps and selection of specific questions within these steps, elements of
the test procedure can be described in a way that can be used for more matrices and materials with certain
specifications. This optimization is in line with the development among end-users of standards. A majority
of routine environmental analyses are carried out by institutions and laboratories working under a scope
which is not limited to one single environmental matrix but covers a wide variety of matrices. Availability of
standards covering more matrices contributes to the optimization of laboratory procedures and standard
maintenance costs, e.g. cost related to accreditation and recognition.
A horizontal modular approach was developed in the project 'Horizontal'. 'Modular' means that a test
standard developed in this approach concerns a specific step in assessing a property and not the whole ”
chain of measurement” (from sampling to analyses). A beneficial feature of this approach is that “modules”
can be replaced by better ones without jeopardizing the standard “chain”.
The modules that relates to this standard are specified in section 3 - Normative references.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes an instrumental method for the routine determination of pH using a
glass electrode in a 1:5 (V/V) suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH-H O), or a
2
0,01 M calcium chloride solution (pH-CaCl ). The standard is applicable to both fresh and air-dry soil
2
samples (ISO 10390 as a basis), sludge (EN 12176 as a basis) or treated biowaste (EN 13037 as a basis).
Soil improvers and growing media are not included.
2 Comments to the method
For practical reasons, for instance if there is a need to make strict comparisons with previous
measurements, soils should generally be air-dried, even if fresh samples would represent the field
conditions in a better way (Andersson, Nilsson & Jennische 2003). Air-drying can be used for all soils,
except for those containing sulphidic minerals or volatile acids. In both cases fresh soil should be used to
avoid either sulphide oxidation resulting in the formation of sulphuric acid, or volatilisation of low-molecular
organic acids. Regarding sludge and treated biowaste, fresh samples are recommended. In these
materials air-drying may introduce artefacts due to a stimulation of oxidation processes and should
therefore be avoided.
5
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oSIST prEN 15933:2009
prEN 15933:2009 (E)
Water or 0,01 M CaCl are recommended as extractants. The use of a 0,01 M CaCl solution will in general
2 2
yield a lower pH value than will water. The use of the two extractants is largely based on previous empirical
experience, and there is no unequivocal scientific support for choosing one or the other. The choice may
be made according to the tradition in the specific setting where the determination is carried out. If pH of
1)
different materials (sludge , treated biowaste or soil) should be compared, it is obvious that the same
extractant has to be used for all the materials tested. It is equally obvious that both H O and 0,01 M CaCl
2 2
have to be used on one and the same sample for comparisons between extractants.
2+ -
Whenever 0,01 M CaCl is used for extraction of cations or anions other than Ca and Cl, it is
2
recommended that this extractant is also used for pH measurement.
Extraction with 1 M KCl is sometimes used for pH measurement. This extractant has not been included in
the current standard. Although it is normally used for quantitative determination of exchangeable soil
acidity by titration there is no obvious advantage of using it for routine measurements of pH. The KCl
solution has a high ionic strength (1,0 M) which is unrealistic for pH measurements in soil. The CaCl
2
solution on the other hand, has an ionic strength of 0,03 M which is closer to the expected value in soil
solutions. Therefore, 0.01 mol/l CaCl is a more reasonable choice of a neutral salt extractant.
2
For sludge and treated biowaste, fresh samples should be preferred. Air-drying may introduce artefacts
due to stimulation of oxidation processes and should therefore be avoided. Water should primarily be used
as an extractant.
The issue of fresh samples versus air-dried samples is specified according to the following table:
Table 1 — XXX
Sample category Fresh Dry
Sludge X
Treated biowaste X
Soils conaining suphide minerals X
Soils containing volatile acids X
Other soils X* X*
*Optional depending on whether comparisons are to be made with previous measurements on fresh or air-dry
samples.
3 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications.
These normtive references are cited at appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods
ISO 11464, Soil quality – Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analyses
1) Concerning liquid sludge, see Clause 5 and Clause 9.
6
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