SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at room temperature - Determination of compressive properties (ISO 20504:2022)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at room temperature - Determination of compressive properties (ISO 20504:2022)
This document describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement or off axis conditions. This method also applies to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips.
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur - Bestimmung des Druckverhaltens (ISO 20504:2022)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer Matrix bei Raumtemperatur. Dieses Verfahren ist anwendbar für alle keramischen Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix, die endlosfaserverstärkt sind, mit unidirektionaler (1D), bidirektionaler (2D) und mehrdirektionaler (xD, mit 2 < x < 3) Endlos¬faserverstärkung, die parallel zu einer der Hauptverstärkungsachsen oder außeraxial beansprucht werden. Dieses Verfahren gilt außerdem für kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe mit Kohlenstoffmatrix (auch als Kohlenstoff/Kohlenstoff oder C/C bezeichnet). Es werden zwei Fälle von Prüfungen unterschieden: Druckbeanspruchung zwischen Platten und Druckbeanspruchung unter Verwendung von Einspann¬einrichtungen.
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des composites à matrice céramiques à température ambiante - Méthode de détermination des propriétés en compression (ISO 20504:2022)
Le présent document décrit des procédures permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques en compression des matériaux composites à matrice céramique avec renfort de fibres continues à température ambiante. Il s'applique à tous les composites à matrice céramique avec renfort de fibres continues, unidirectionnel (1D), bidirectionnel (2D), et tridirectionnel (xD, avec 2 < x < 3), sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort ou dans des conditions hors axe. Il peut également s'appliquer aux composites à matrice de carbone avec renfort de fibres de carbone (également connus en tant que carbone/carbone ou C/C). Deux cas de compression sont distingués: la compression entre plateaux et la compression entre mors.
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Mehanske lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri sobni temperaturi - Določanje tlačnih lastnosti (ISO 20504:2022)
Ta dokument opisuje postopke za določanje vedenja keramičnih matričnih kompozitnih materialov z neprekinjeno ojačitvijo vlaken pri stiskanju pri sobni temperaturi. Ta metoda se uporablja za vse keramične matrične kompozite z neprekinjeno ojačitvijo vlaken, enosmerno (1D), dvosmerno (2D) in trismerno (xD, pri čemer je 2 < x ≤ 3), preskušene vzdolž ene glavne osi ojačitve ali v pogojih zunaj osi. Ta metoda se uporablja tudi za karbonske matrične kompozite s karbonskimi vlakni (imenovane tudi karbon/karbon ali C/C). Razlikujemo med dvema primeroma preskušanja: stiskanje med stiskalnimi valji in stiskanje z ročaji.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
01-marec-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 20504:2019
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Mehanske
lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri sobni temperaturi - Določanje tlačnih lastnosti
(ISO 20504:2022)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical
properties of ceramic composites at room temperature - Determination of compressive
properties (ISO 20504:2022)
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen
Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur - Bestimmung des Druckverhaltens (ISO
20504:2022)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des composites à matrice céramiques
à température ambiante - Méthode de détermination des propriétés en compression
(ISO 20504:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20504:2022
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 20504:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
EN ISO 20504
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN ISO 20504:2019
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at room temperature - Determination of compressive
properties (ISO 20504:2022)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften
composites à matrice céramiques à température von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei
ambiante - Méthode de détermination des propriétés Raumtemperatur - Bestimmung des Druckverhaltens
en compression (ISO 20504:2022) (ISO 20504:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20504:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
EN ISO 20504:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
EN ISO 20504:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20504:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 "Fine
ceramics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 20504:2019.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20504:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20504:2022 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20504
Third edition
2022-12
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at room temperature
— Determination of compressive
properties
Céramiques techniques — Propriétés mécaniques des composites
à matrice céramiques à température ambiante — Méthode de
détermination des propriétés en compression
Reference number
ISO 20504:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Load train . 3
5.3 Strain measurement . 4
5.3.1 General . 4
5.3.2 Strain gauges. 4
5.3.3 Extensometry . 4
5.4 Data recording system . 4
5.5 Dimension-measuring devices . 4
6 Test specimens . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Compression between platens . . 5
6.3 Test specimen used with grips . 7
7 Test specimen preparation .10
7.1 Machining and preparation . 10
7.2 Number of test specimens . 10
8 Test procedure .10
8.1 Test mode and rate . 10
8.2 Measurement of test specimen dimensions . 10
8.3 Buckling . 10
8.4 Testing technique . 11
8.4.1 Test specimen mounting . 11
8.4.2 Extensometers. 11
8.4.3 Measurements . 11
8.5 Test validity . 11
9 Calculation of results .11
9.1 Test specimen origin . 11
9.2 Compressive strength . 12
9.3 Strain at maximum compressive force .12
9.4 Proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus .12
10 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Illustration of elastic modulus .15
Bibliography .17
iii
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 184, Advanced
technical ceramics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 20504:2019), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— notation of 3.3 and 3.4 harmonized and replaced throughout the document;
— duplicated text removed from the definition in 3.6;
— minor editorial changes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20504:2022(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at room temperature — Determination of compressive
properties
1 Scope
This document describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic
matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method
applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-
directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement
or off axis conditions. This method also applies to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites
(also known as carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between
platens and compression using grips.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing
ISO 14744, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines
ISO 17161, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Ceramic composites —
Determination of the degree of misalignment in uniaxial mechanical tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
calibrated length
part of the test specimen which has uniform and minimum cross-sectional area
3.2
initial gauge length
L
o
initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the calibrated length before initiation
of the test
1
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
3.3
initial cross-sectional area
S
o
initial area of specimen cross-section in the calibration length
3.4
longitudinal deformation
A
decrease of the initial gauge length under compressive force
Note 1 to entry: The longitudinal deformation corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as A .
c,m
3.5
compressive strain
ε
relative decrease of the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L
o
Note 1 to entry: The compressive strain corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as ε .
c,m
3.6
compressive force
F
c
uniaxial force carried by the test specimen at any time during the test
3.7
maximum compressive force
F
c,m
greatest uniaxial compressive force applied to the test specimen when tested to failure
3.8
compressive stress
σ
compressive force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-
sectional area such that σ = F /S
c o
3.9
compressive strength
S
c,m
greatest compressive stress applied to a test specimen when tested to failure
3.10
proportionality ratio
pseudo-elastic modulus
E
p
slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve, if any
Note 1 to entry: Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the
following cases:
— Material with a linear region in the stress-strain curve.
For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterised by a linear region, the
proportionality ratio E is defined using Formula (1).
p
σσ−
21
E ()σσ, = (1)
p 12
εε−
21
where (ε , σ ) and (ε , σ ) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear region of the stress-strain curve
1 1 2 2
(see Annex A, Figures A.1 and A.2).
— Material with nonlinear region in the stress-strain curve. In this case only, stress-strain couples can be
determined at specified stresses or specified strains.
2
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
3.11
elastic modulus
E
proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, in the special case where the linearity starts near the
origin
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.
4 Principle
A test specimen of specified dimensions is loaded in compression. The compression test is usually
performed at a constant cross-head displacement rate or at a constant deformation rate.
Constant force rate is only allowed in the case of linear stress-strain behaviour up to failure.
For crosshead displacement tests, a constant rate is recommended when the test is conducted to failure.
The force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen that
shall conform to grade 1 or better in accordance with ISO 7500-1.
5.2 Load train
The load train is composed of movable and fixed cross-heads, the loading rods and the grips or platens.
Load train couplers may additionally be used to connect the grips or platens to the loading rods.
The load train shall align the test specimen axis with the direction of force application without
introducing bending or torsion in the test specimen. The misalignment of the test specimen shall be
verified and documented in accordance with the procedure described in ISO 17161. The maximum
−6
percent bending strain (PBS) shall not exceed 5 % at an average axial strain of 500 × 10 .
There are two alternative means of force application:
1) Compression platens are connected to the force transducer and the moving cross-head. The
parallelism of these platens shall be better than 0,01 mm in the loading area and the faces of the
platens shall be perpendicular to the force application direction.
The use of platens is not recommended for compression testing of 1D and 2D materials with small
thicknesses because of buckling.
NOTE A compliant interlayer material (composed only of paper or cardboard) between the test
specimen and platens can be used for testing macroscopically inhomogeneous materials to ensure uniform
contact pressure.
When the dimensions of the test specimen are such that buckling can occur, it is recommended that
antibuckling devices are used similar to those described in ISO 14126. These devices should not
introduce parasitic stresses during loading of the test specimen.
2) Grips are used to clamp and load the test specimen. The grip design shall prevent the test specimen
from slipping and the grips shall align the test specimen axis with that of the applied force.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
5.3 Strain measurement
5.3.1 General
For continuous measurement of the longitudinal deformation as a function of the applied force, either
strain gauges or a suitable extensometer may be used. Use an extensometer that meets the requirements
of at least class 1 in ISO 9513. Measurement of longitudinal deformation over a length as long as possible
within the gauge section length of the test specimen is recommended.
5.3.2 Strain gauges
Strain gauges are used for the verification of the alignment on the test specimen. They may also be used
to determine longitudinal deformation during testing. In both cases, the length of the strain gauges
shall be such that the readings are not affected by local features on the surface of the specimen, such as
fibre crossovers. Care shall be taken to ensure that the strain gauge readings are not influenced by the
surface preparation and the adhesive used.
5.3.3 Extensometry
5.3.3.1 General
The linearity tolerance of the extensometer shall be less than 0,15 % of the extensometer range used.
Extensometers shall meet the requirements of at least class 1 in accordance with ISO 9513.
Types of commonly used extensometers are described in 5.3.3.2 and 5.3.3.3.
5.3.3.2 Mechanical extensometer
For a mechanical extensometer, the gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the
two locations where the extensometer contacts the test specimen. Mounting of the extensometer to
the test specimen shall prevent slippage of the extensometer at the contact points and shall not initiate
failure under the contact points. Any extensometer contact forces shall not introduce bending greater
than that allowed in 5.2.
5.3.3.3 Electro-optical extensometer
Electro-optical measurements of strain require reference marks on the test specimen. For this
purpose, fiducial marks such as rods or flags are attached to the test specimen surface perpendicular
to the longitudinal axis of the test specimen. The gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance
between the two fiducial marks.
The use of integral flags as part of the test specimen geometry is not recommended because of stress
concentrations induced by such features.
5.4 Data recording system
A calibrated recorder may be used to record force-deformation curves. The use of a digital data
recording system is recommended.
5.5 Dimension-measuring devices
Devices used for measuring linear dimensions of the test specimen shall be accurate to ±0,1 mm.
Micrometers shall be in accordance with ISO 3611.
4
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
6 Test specimens
6.1 General
The choice of test specimen geometry depends on several parameters:
— the nature of the material and of the reinforcement structure;
— the type of testing system;
— fibre orientation with respect to loading direction.
The ratio between the length of the test specimen subject to buckling and the thickness of the test
specimen, in addition to the stiffness of the material, will influence the resistance of the test specimen
to buckling.
If buckling occurs, it can be necessary to modify the dimensions of the test specimen or, alternatively,
to use an antibuckling device (e.g. fixed lateral guides pressed against the test specimen so as to freely
allow longitudinal motion while simultaneously suppressing transverse motion).
The volume in the gauge length shall be representative of the material. Volume representative of a
minimum of five representative volume elements is recommended.
In the case of off-axis loading conditions, results can depend on the cross-sectional area of specimens
due to scale effect. Two types of test specimens can be distinguished:
a) As-fabricated test specimens, where only the length and the width are machined to the specified
size. In this case, two faces of the test specimen can present irregular surfaces.
b) Machined test specimens, where the length and the width, as well as the two faces of the test
specimen, have been machined and present regular machined surfaces.
Tolerance on the thickness dimension only applies to machined test specimens. For as-fabricated test
specimens, the difference in thickness out of three measurements (at the centre and at each end of the
gauge section length) should not exceed 5 % of the average of the three measurements.
6.2 Compression between platens
The test specimen geometry and/or compliant interlayers may be adapted in order to avoid buckling
and damage at the edges due to contact forces.
Type 1 is commonly used and is illustrated in Figure 1. Fixture guides [key reference 3 in Figure 1]
provide lateral support for the specimen while minimizing the contact area. The fixtures (key reference
5) are bolted together supporting the specimen (key reference 2). The specimen and fixtures are
located between a pair of compression platens (key reference 4). Recommended dimensions are given
in Table 1.
NOTE Other systems are available.
5
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2023
ISO 20504:2022(E)
a) Test specimen b) Example of anti-buckling guides
Key
1 loading anvil 6 unsupported length
2 specimen l calibrated length
3 lateral support l total length
t
4 O-ring d cylinder diameter or side length
5 frame
Figure 1 —
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
01-oktober-2022
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Mehanske
lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri sobni temperaturi - Določanje tlačnih lastnosti
(ISO/FDIS 20504:2022)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical
properties of ceramic composites at room temperature - Determination of compressive
properties (ISO/FDIS 20504:2022)
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen
Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur - Bestimmung des Druckverhaltens (ISO/FDIS
20504:2022)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des composites à matrice céramiques
à température ambiante - Méthode de détermination des propriétés en compression
(ISO/FDIS 20504:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20504
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 20504
ISO/TC 206
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
Secretariat: JISC
advanced technical ceramics) —
Voting begins on:
2022-08-04 Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at room temperature
Voting terminates on:
2022-10-27
— Determination of compressive
properties
Céramiques techniques — Propriétés mécaniques des composites
à matrice céramiques à température ambiante — Méthode de
détermination des propriétés en compression
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 20504
ISO/TC 206
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
Secretariat: JISC
advanced technical ceramics) —
Voting begins on:
Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at room temperature
Voting terminates on:
— Determination of compressive
properties
Céramiques techniques — Propriétés mécaniques des composites
à matrice céramiques à température ambiante — Méthode de
détermination des propriétés en compression
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Load train . 3
5.3 Strain measurement . 4
5.3.1 General . 4
5.3.2 Strain gauges. 4
5.3.3 Extensometry . 4
5.4 Data recording system . 4
5.5 Dimensionmeasuring devices . 4
6 Test specimens . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Compression between platens . . 5
6.3 Test specimen used with grips . 7
7 Test specimen preparation .10
7.1 Machining and preparation . 10
7.2 Number of test specimens . 10
8 Test procedure .10
8.1 Test mode and rate . 10
8.2 Measurement of test specimen dimensions . 10
8.3 Buckling . 10
8.4 Testing technique . 11
8.4.1 Test specimen mounting . 11
8.4.2 Extensometers. 11
8.4.3 Measurements . 11
8.5 Test validity . 11
9 Calculation of results .11
9.1 Test specimen origin . 11
9.2 Compressive strength . 12
9.3 Strain at maximum compressive force .12
9.4 Proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus .12
10 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Illustration of elastic modulus .15
Bibliography .17
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/
iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 184, Advanced
technical ceramics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 20504:2019), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— notation of 3.3 and 3.4 harmonized and replaced throughout the document;
— duplicated text removed from the definition in 3.6;
— minor editorial changes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at room temperature — Determination of compressive
properties
1 Scope
This document describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic
matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method
applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-
directional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement
or off axis conditions. This method also applies to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites
(also known as carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between
platens and compression using grips.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 75001, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing
ISO 14744, Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines
ISO 17161, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Ceramic composites —
Determination of the degree of misalignment in uniaxial mechanical tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
calibrated length
part of the test specimen which has uniform and minimum crosssectional area
3.2
initial gauge length
L
o
initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the calibrated length before initiation
of the test
1
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
3.3
initial cross-sectional area
S
o
initial area of specimen crosssection in the calibration length
3.4
longitudinal deformation
A
decrease of the initial gauge length under compressive force
Note 1 to entry: The longitudinal deformation corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as A .
c,m
3.5
compressive strain
ε
relative decrease of the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L
o
Note 1 to entry: The compressive strain corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as ε .
c,m
3.6
compressive force
F
c
uniaxial force carried by the test specimen at any time during the test
3.7
maximum compressive force
F
c,m
greatest uniaxial compressive force applied to the test specimen when tested to failure
3.8
compressive stress
σ
compressive force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-
sectional area such that σ = F /S
c o
3.9
compressive strength
S
c,m
greatest compressive stress applied to a test specimen when tested to failure
3.10
proportionality ratio
pseudo-elastic modulus
E
p
slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve, if any
Note 1 to entry: Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the
following cases:
— Material with a linear region in the stressstrain curve.
For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterised by a linear region, the
proportionality ratio E is defined using Formula (1).
p
σσ−
21
E ()σσ, = (1)
p 12
εε−
21
where (ε , σ ) and (ε , σ ) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear region of the stressstrain curve
1 1 2 2
(see Annex A, Figures A.1 and A.2).
— Material with nonlinear region in the stress-strain curve. In this case only, stress-strain couples can be
determined at specified stresses or specified strains.
2
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oSIST prEN ISO 20504:2022
ISO/FDIS 20504:2022(E)
3.11
elastic modulus
E
proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, in the special case where the linearity starts near the
origin
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.
4 Principle
A test specimen of specified dimensions is loaded in compression. The compression test is usually
performed at a constant crosshead displacement rate or at a constant deformation rate.
Constant force rate is only allowed in the case of linear stress-strain behaviour up to failure.
For crosshead displacement tests, a constant rate is recommended when the test is conducted to failure.
The force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen that
shall conform to grade 1 or better in accordance with ISO 75001.
5.2 Load train
The load train is composed of movable and fixed cross-heads, the loading rods and the grips or platens.
Load train couplers may additionally be used to connect the grips or platens to the loading rods.
The load train shall align the test specimen axis with the direction of force application without
introducing bending or torsion in the test specimen. The misalignment of the test specimen shall be
verified and documented in accordance with the procedure described in ISO 17161. The maximum
−6
percent bending strain (PBS) shall not exceed 5 % at an average axial strain of 500 × 10 .
There are two alternative means of force application:
1) Compression platens are connected to the force transducer and the moving crosshead. The
parallelism of these platens shall be better than 0,01 mm in the loading area and the faces of the
platens shall be perpendicular to the force application direction.
The use of platens is not recommended for compression testing of 1D and 2D materials with small
thicknesses because of buckling.
NOTE A compliant interlayer material (composed only of paper or cardboard) between the test
specimen and platens can be used for testing macroscopically inhomogeneous
...
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