SIST EN 10188:2024
(Main)Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
Chemische Analyse von Eisenwerkstoffen - Bestimmung von Chrom in Stahl und Eisen - Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)
Dieses Dokument legt eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Chrom in Stählen und Gusseisen mittels Flammenatomabsorptionsspektroskopie (FAAS) fest.
Diese Methode ist anwendbar auf unlegierte und niedriglegierte Stähle und Gusseisen mit einem Chrom-Masseanteil von 0,002 % bis 2,0 %.
Diese Methode kann für niedrigere oder höhere Chromgehalte angepasst werden, indem die Prüfmenge oder der Verdünnungsprozess angepasst werden, sofern die in 6.3.2 und 6.3.3 angegebenen Kriterien eingehalten werden.
Aciers et fontes - Détermination de la teneur en chrome - Méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la teneur en chrome dans les aciers et les fontes par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF).
Cette méthode est applicable aux aciers et aux fontes non alliés et faiblement alliés, dont les teneurs en chrome sont comprises entre 0,002 % (en masse) et 2,0 % (en masse).
La méthode peut être adaptée à des teneurs en chrome plus faibles ou plus élevées en modifiant la prise d'essai ou le processus de dilution, à condition que les critères énoncés aux points 6.3.2 et 6.3.3 soient toujours respectés.
Jeklo in lito železo - Določevanje kroma - Plamenska atomska absorpcijska spektrometrična metoda (FAAS)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Jeklo in lito železo - Določevanje kroma - Plamenska atomska absorpcijska
spektrometrična metoda (FAAS)
Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content - Flame atomic absorption
spectrometric method (FAAS)
Chemische Analyse von Eisenwerkstoffen - Bestimmung von Chrom in Stahl und Eisen -
Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)
Aciers et fontes - Détermination de la teneur en chrome - Méthode par spectrométrie
d’absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 10188:2024
ICS:
77.040.30 Kemijska analiza kovin Chemical analysis of metals
77.080.01 Železne kovine na splošno Ferrous metals in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 10188
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.040.30 Supersedes EN 10188:1989
English Version
Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content
- Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
Aciers et fontes - Détermination de la teneur en Chemische Analyse von Eisenwerkstoffen -
chrome - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption Bestimmung von Chrom in Stahl und Eisen -
atomique dans la flamme (SAAF) Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches
Verfahren (FAAS)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 10188:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Principle . 4
5 Reagents . 5
6 Apparatus . 6
6.1 Ordinary laboratory equipment . 6
6.2 Platinum crucibles, of capacity 30 ml . 6
6.3 Atomic absorption spectrometer . 6
6.3.1 General. 6
6.3.2 Minimum precision . 6
6.3.3 Additional performance requirements . 6
6.4 Ancillary equipment . 7
7 Sampling . 7
8 Procedure . 7
8.1 Test portion . 7
8.2 Blank test . 7
8.3 Determination . 7
8.3.1 Preparation of the test solution . 7
8.3.2 Preparation of the calibration solutions . 8
8.3.3 Adjustment of atomic absorption spectrophotometer . 10
8.3.4 Spectrometric measurements . 10
9 Expression of results . 12
9.1 Use of the calibration curve . 12
9.2 Use of bracketing method . 12
10 Test report . 13
Annex A (informative) Precision data . 14
Bibliography . 17
European foreword
This document (EN 10188:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 459/SC 2 “Methods
of chemical analysis for iron and steel”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 10188:1989.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— normative references: updated;
— Clause 3 Terms and definitions: added;
— subclauses 5.10 and 5.11: added;
— subclauses 6.1 and 6.2: added;
— in 6.3.3.3: definition of limit of detection added;
— subclause 6.3: reworded;
— Clause 7: updated;
— subclause 8.3.1: partially aligned with ISO 10138:1991;
— subclause 8.3.2: aligned with ISO 10138:1991;
— subclause 8.3.4: aligned with EN 10136:2019;
— Bibliography: added.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination
of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents
between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the
dilution factor, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 648, Laboratory glassware — Single-volume pipettes (ISO 648)
EN ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks (ISO 1042)
EN ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition (ISO 14284)
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
Dissolution of a test portion with hydrochloric acid followed by oxidation with nitric acid. Filtration and
ignition of the acid insoluble residue. Removal of silica with hydrofluoric acid. Fusion of the residue with
potassium hydrogen sulphate, dissolution of the melt in acid and addition of the solution obtained to the
reserved filtrate.
Nebulisation of the test solution into a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame of an atomic absorption
spectrometer.
Spectrometric measurement of the atomic absorption of the 357,87 nm spectral line emitted by a
chromium hollow-cathode lamp.
NOTE Other suitable radiation sources can also be used, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
5 Reagents
During analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only
grade 2 water as specified in EN ISO 3696 or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Iron of high purity, with a chromium content < 1 µg/g
5.2 Potassium hydrogen sulphate (KHSO )
5.3 Hydrochloric acid, ρ 1,19 g/ml approximately
5.4 Nitric acid, ρ 1,40 g/ml approximately
5.5 Sulphuric acid, ρ 1,84 g/ml approximately
5.6 Hydrofluoric acid, ρ 1,15 g/ml approximately
5.7 Sulphuric acid, solution 1 + 3
Carefully add 50 ml of sulphuric acid (5.5) to 150 ml of water.
Allow to cool and mix.
5.8 Iron solution, 40 g/l
Weigh 10 g of iron (5.1) into a 1 l beaker. Add 10 g of potassium hydrogen sulphate (5.2) and 150 ml of
hydrochloric acid (5.3). Cover with a watch glass and heat gently until the iron is dissolved, then oxidize
with 30 ml of nitric acid (5.4), added in small portions.
Allow to cool, transfer the solution into a 250 ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark with water and mix.
5.9 Chromium standard solution, 1 g/l
Weigh (1,000 ± 0,001) g of chromium (Cr ≥ 99,7 %). Transfer into a 250 ml beaker and dissolve in 40 ml
of hydrochloric acid (5.3).
Allow to cool and transfer the solution quantitatively into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark
with water and mix.
1 ml of this standard solution contains 1 mg of chromium.
5.10 Chromium standard solution, 0,4 g/l
Transfer 40 ml of chromium standard solution (5.9) into a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Dilute to
the mark with water and mix.
Prepare this solution immediately prior to use.
1 ml of this solution contains 0,4 mg of chromium.
5.11 Chromium standard solution, 0,1 g/l
Transfer 10 ml of chromium standard solution (5.9) into a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Dilute to
the mark with water and mix.
Prepare this solution immediately prior to use.
1 ml of this solution contains 0,1 mg of chromium.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Ordinary laboratory equipment
All volumetric glassware shall be class A, in accordance with EN ISO 648 or EN ISO 1042, as appropriate.
6.2 Platinum crucibles, of capacity 30 ml
6.3 Atomic absorption spectrometer
6.3.1 General
The spectrometer shall be equipped with a chromium hollow-cathode lamp or other suitable radiation
source and supplied with nitrous oxide and acetylene sufficiently pure to give a steady clear fuel-lean
flame, free from water and oil, and free from chromium.
The atomic absorption spectrometer used will be satisfactory if, after optimization according to 8.3.4, the
limit of detection and characteristic conc
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
01-september-2023
Jeklo in lito železo - Določevanje kroma - Plamenska atomska absorpcijska
spektrometrična metoda (FAAS)
Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content - Flame atomic absorption
spectrometric method (FAAS)
Chemische Analyse von Eisenwerkstoffen - Bestimmung von Chrom in Stahl und Eisen -
Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)
Aciers et fontes - Détermination de la teneur en chrome - Méthode par spectrométrie
d’absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 10188
ICS:
77.040.30 Kemijska analiza kovin Chemical analysis of metals
77.080.01 Železne kovine na splošno Ferrous metals in general
oSIST prEN 10188:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 10188
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2023
ICS 77.040.30 Will supersede EN 10188:1989
English Version
Steels and cast irons - Determination of chromium content
- Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
Aciers et fontes - Détermination de la teneur en Stahl und Gusseisen - Bestimmung des Chromanteils -
chrome - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches
atomique dans la flamme (SAAF) Verfahren (FAAS)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 459/SC 2.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 10188:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 2
1 Scope . 3
2 Normative references . 3
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Principle . 3
5 Reagents . 3
6 Apparatus . 5
6.1 Ordinary laboratory equipment . 5
6.2 Platinum crucible, of capacity 30 ml. 5
6.3 Atomic absorption spectrometer . 5
6.4 Ancillary equipment . 6
7 Sampling . 6
8 Procedure . 6
8.1 Test portion . 6
8.2 Blank test . 6
8.3 Determination . 6
9 Expression of results . 10
9.1 Use of the calibration curve . 10
9.2 Use of bracketing method . 10
10 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Precision data . 12
Bibliography . 14
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 10188:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 459/SC 2
“Methods of chemical analysis for iron and steel”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 10188:1989.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Normative references: updated;
— Clause 3 Terms and definitions: added;
— Subclauses 5.10 and 5.11: added;
— Sub Clauses 6.1 and 6.2: added;
— In 6.2.3: definition of limit of detection added;
— Sub Clause 6.3: reworded;
— Clause 7: updated;
— Subclause 8.3.1: partially aligned with ISO 10138:1991;
— Subclause 8.3.2: aligned with ISO 10138:1991;
— Subclause 8.3.4: aligned with EN 10136:2019;
— Bibliography: added.
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination
of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents
between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the
dilution process, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 648, Laboratory glassware - Single-volume pipettes (ISO 648)
EN ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware - One-mark volumetric flasks (ISO 1042)
EN ISO 14284, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition (ISO 14284)
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
Dissolution of a test portion with hydrochloric acid followed by oxidation with nitric acid. Filtration and
ignition of the acid insoluble residue. Removal of silica with hydrofluoric acid. Fusion of the residue with
potassium hydrogen sulphate, dissolution of the melt in acid and addition of the solution obtained to the
reserved filtrate.
Nebulisation of the test solution into a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame of an atomic absorption
spectrometer.
Spectrometric measurement of the atomic absorption of the 357,87 nm spectral line emitted by a
chromium hollow-cathode lamp.
NOTE Other suitable radiation sources can also be used, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
5 Reagents
During analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only
grade 2 water as specified in ISO 3696 or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Iron of high purity, with a chromium content < 1 µg/g
5.2 Potassium hydrogen sulphate (KHSO )
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
5.3 Hydrochloric acid, ρ 1,19 g/ml approximately
5.4 Nitric acid, ρ 1,40 g/ml approximately
5.5 Sulphuric acid, ρ 1,84 g/ml approximately
5.6 Hydrofluoric acid, ρ 1,15 g/ml approximately
5.7 Sulphuric acid, solution 1 + 3
Carefully add 50 ml of sulphuric acid (5.5) to 150 ml of water.
Allow to cool and mix.
5.8 Iron base solution, 40 g/l
Weigh 10 g of iron (5.1) into a 1 l beaker. Add 10 g of potassium hydrogen sulphate (5.2) and 150 ml of
hydrochloric acid (5.3). Cover with a watch glass and heat gently until the iron is dissolved, then oxidize
with 30 ml of nitric acid (5.4), added in small portions.
Allow to cool, transfer the solution into a 250 ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark with water and mix.
5.9 Chromium standard solution, 1 g/l
Weigh (1,000 ± 0,001) g of chromium (Cr ≥ 99,7 %). Transfer into a 250 ml beaker and dissolve in 40 ml
of hydrochloric acid (5.3).
Allow to cool and transfer the solution quantitatively into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark
with water and mix.
1 ml of this standard solution contains 1 mg of chromium.
5.10 Chromium standard solution, 0,4 g/l
Transfer 40 ml of chromium standard solution (5.9) into a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Dilute to
the mark with water and mix.
Prepare this solution immediately prior to use.
1 ml of this solution contains 0,4 mg of chromium.
5.11 Chromium standard solution, 0,1 g/l
Transfer 10 ml of chromium standard solution (5.9) into a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Dilute to
the mark with water and mix.
Prepare this solution immediately prior to use.
1 ml of this solution contains 0,1 mg of chromium.
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
6 Apparatus
6.1 Ordinary laboratory equipment
All volumetric glassware shall be class A, in accordance with EN ISO 648 or EN ISO 1042, as appropriate.
6.2 Platinum crucible, of capacity 30 ml
6.3 Atomic absorption spectrometer
6.3.1 General
The spectrometer shall be equipped with a chromium hollow-cathode lamp or other suitable radiation
source and supplied with nitrous oxide and acetylene sufficiently pure to give a steady clear fuel-lean
flame, free from water and oil, and free from chromium.
The atomic absorption spectrometer used will be satisfactory if, after optimization according to 8.3.4, the
limit of detection and characteristic concentration are in reasonable agreement with the values given by
the manufacturer and it meets the performance criteria given in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.
6.3.2 Minimum precision
The standard deviation of 10 measurements of the absorbance of the most concentrated calibration
solution shall not exceed 1,5 % of the mean absorbance of this solution.
The standard deviation of 10 measurements of the absorbance of the least concentrated calibration
solution (excluding the zero member) shall not exceed 0,5 % of the mean absorbance of the most
concentrated calibration solution.
For example, if the top and bottom calibration solutions represent 0,10 % (by mass) and 0,02 % (by mass)
chromium in the sample, the precision called for (as two standard deviations) would be 0,003 % and
0,001 % chromium respectively, assuming the curve linear.
6.3.3 Additional performance requirements
6.3.3.1 General
The instrument should also conform to the additional performance requirements given in 6.3.3.2 and
6.3.3.3.
6.3.3.2 Characteristic concentration
The characteristic concentration for chromium in a matrix similar to the final test solution shall be lower
than 0,25 µg/ml.
6.3.3.3 Limit of detection
The limit of detection is a number, expressed in units of concentration (or amount) that describes the
lowest concentration level (or amount) of an element that can be determined to be statistically different
from an analytical blank.
The limit of detection of chromium in a matrix similar to the final test solution shall be less than
0,05 µg/ml.
6.3.3.4 Calibration linearity
The slope of the calibration line covering the top 20 % of the concentration range (expressed as a change
in absorbance) shall not be less than 0,7 times the value of the slope for the bottom 20 % of the
concentration range determined in the same way.
oSIST prEN 10188:2023
prEN 10188:2023 (E)
For instruments with automatic standardization using only two calibration solutions, one being twice the
concentration of the other, the acceptable curve linearity is limited to such an extent that the absorption
of the lower ca
...
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