SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
(Main)Pyrotechnic articles - Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles - Part 2: Test methods (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Pyrotechnic articles - Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles - Part 2: Test methods (ISO 14451-2:2013)
This Standard establishes uniform test methods for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles.
Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Pyrotechnische Gegenstände für Fahrzeuge - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Die vorliegende Norm legt einheitliche Prüfverfahren für die pyrotechnischen Gegenstände für Fahrzeuge fest.
Articles pyrotechniques - Articles pyrotechniques pour véhicules - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai (ISO 14451-2:2013)
L'ISO 14451-2:2013 établit des méthodes d'essai uniformes pour les articles pyrotechniques pour véhicules.
Pirotehnični izdelki - Pirotehnični izdelki za vozila - 2. del: Preskusne metode (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Ta standard določa enotne preskusne metode za pirotehnične izdelke za vozila.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
01-maj-2013
3LURWHKQLþQLL]GHONL3LURWHKQLþQLL]GHONL]DYR]LODGHO 3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH ,62
Pyrotechnic articles - Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles - Part 2: Test methods (ISO 14451
-2:2013)
Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Pyrotechnische Gegenstände für Fahrzeuge - Teil 2:
Prüfverfahren (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Articles pyrotechniques - Articles pyrotechniques pour véhicules - Partie 2: Méthodes
d'essai (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ICS:
43.040.99 Drugi sistemi za cestna Other road vehicle systems
vozila
71.100.30 Eksplozivi. Pirotehnika Explosives. Pyrotechnics
SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14451-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2013
ICS 43.040.80
English Version
Pyrotechnic articles - Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles - Part 2:
Test methods (ISO 14451-2:2013)
Articles pyrotechniques - Articles pyrotechniques pour Pyrotechnische Gegenstände - Pyrotechnische
véhicules - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai (ISO 14451-2:2013) Gegenstände für Fahrzeuge - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren (ISO
14451-2:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14451-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
EN ISO 14451-2:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EC Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic
articles .4
2
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
EN ISO 14451-2:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14451-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 212
“Pyrotechnic articles” the secretariat of which is held by NEN, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 22 "Road vehicles".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14451-2:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14451-2:2013 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
EN ISO 14451-2:2013 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EC Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market
of pyrotechnic articles
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 2007/23/EC on the placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of
conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2007/23/EC on the
placing on the market of pyrotechnic articles (1 of 2)
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of Essential Safety Requirements
Qualifying remarks/Notes
this document (ESRs) of Directive 2007/23/EC
Note: It is taken into account that the
intended purpose of the pyrotechnic
4.7, 4.8, 4.9 (1)
article is to function in a vehicle in
case of accidents
4.1 (2) Reference: Directive 2000/53/EC
4.9 (3) 1st sentence
Note: It is taken into account that the
intended purpose of the pyrotechnic
4.9 (3) 2nd and 3rd sentences
article is to function in a vehicle in
case of accidents
4.1 (3a)
4.3, 4.4 (3b)
4.2, 4.3, 4.5 (3c)
4.4 (3d)
4.4 (3e)
4.3, 4.4 (3f)
4.5 (3g)
4.1 (3h) See also ISO 14451-3
4.2 (3i)
4
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
EN ISO 14451-2:2013 (E)
Table ZA.1 — (2 of 2)
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of Essential Safety Requirements
Qualifying remarks/Notes
this document (ESRs) of Directive 2007/23/EC
4.1 (3j)
4.2, 4.3, 4.5 (3) Last sentence
4.1 (4a)
4.1 (4b)
4.1, 4.9 (5 B.1)
4.1 (5 B.2)
4.5, 4.6 (5 B.3)
(5 B.4) Not applicable
4.7 (5 C.1)
4.5 (5 C.2)
4.5 (5 C.3)
(5 C.4) Not applicable
(5 C.5) Not applicable
4.1 (5 C.6)
4.5 (5 C.7)
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this part of EN ISO 14451.
5
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14451-2
First edition
2013-03-15
Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic
articles for vehicles —
Part 2:
Test methods
Articles pyrotechniques — Articles pyrotechniques pour véhicules —
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 1
4.1 Verification of design and documentation . 1
4.2 Drop test . 2
4.3 Vibration and temperature test . 3
4.4 Thermal humidity cycling test . 5
4.5 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test . 6
4.6 Fire test .10
4.7 Igniter test .12
4.8 Tank test.12
4.9 Functioning test .13
5 Recording .13
Annex A (normative) Definition of temperature build-up time, t .14
e
Annex B (normative) Probit test (PBBS test) .16
Annex C (normative) Bruceton method .22
Bibliography .25
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14451-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 212, Pyrotechnic articles, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 12, Passive safety crash protection systems, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 14451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic
articles for vehicles:
— Part 1: Terminology
— Part 2: Test methods
— Part 3: Labelling
— Part 4: Requirements and categorization for micro gas generators
— Part 5: Requirements and categorization for airbag gas generators
— Part 6: Requirements and categorization for airbag modules
— Part 7: Requirements and categorization for seatbelt pretensioners
— Part 8: Requirements and categorization for igniters
— Part 9: Requirements and categorization for actuators
— Part 10: Requirements and categorization for semi-finished products
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles —
Part 2:
Test methods
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14451 establishes uniform test methods for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14451-1, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 1: Terminology
ISO 14451-3, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 3: Labelling
ISO 14451-5, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 5: Requirements and
categorization for airbag gas generators
ISO 14451-6, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 6: Requirements and
categorization for airbag modules
ISO 14451-7, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 7: Requirements and
categorization for seatbelt pretensioners
ISO 14451-9, Pyrotechnic articles — Pyrotechnic articles for vehicles — Part 9: Requirements and
categorization for actuators
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14451-1 apply.
NOTE Wherever reference is made to pyrotechnic article(s) only pyrotechnic articles for vehicles are meant.
4 Test methods
4.1 Verification of design and documentation
The manufacturer shall supply a document which describes the pyrotechnic article. The typical content
of the document shall include the following information:
— description of the purpose of the pyrotechnic article;
— sketch with external dimensions;
— total mass of the pyrotechnic article;
— cross section and part list;
— mass and pyrotechnic composition(s) contained in the article;
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
— description of intended behaviour;
— description of foreseeable behaviour during fire test if applicable;
— proposed labelling in accordance with ISO 14451-3;
— safety data sheet/handling instructions, including electrical characteristics (e.g. all-fire current,
no-fire current, resistance, etc.) which shall be provided with the pyrotechnic article.
This shall be verified by visual inspection by the naked eye.
4.2 Drop test
4.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the pyrotechnic article experiences any detrimental
effect when dropped from a specified height and at specified orientations.
4.2.2 Equipment
A steel impact plate of a minimum of 1 m x 1 m with at least 10 mm thickness, resting on a solid floor,
with a fixture that supports the pyrotechnic article at the specified height, shall be used.
4.2.3 Test conditions
+02,
The drop height shall be 1 m.
0
The test shall be done with the pyrotechnic article at ambient temperature.
4.2.4 Test procedure
Mount one pyrotechnic article into the support fixture at the specified height above the impact plate and
oriented such that it will fall in one of the six directions indicated in Figure 1. Disarm the trigger device,
if included in the pyrotechnic article.
Release the pyrotechnic article, allowing it to free fall onto the impact plate. Repeat the test using the
same pyrotechnic article oriented to fall in the opposite direction.
Repeat the test twice more, once using a second pyrotechnic article and once using a third pyrotechnic
article, each time along one of the remaining directions indicated in Figure 1.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Figure 1 — Definition of main axes
4.3 Vibration and temperature test
4.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of the pyrotechnic article to withstand vibration and
temperature conditions. The test may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
4.3.2 Equipment
The equipment shall consist of a vibration table capable of producing the vibration loads as characterized
in Figure 2 and a climatic chamber capable of controlling the temperature during the test in accordance
with Figure 3. In case the test is being performed simultaneously the vibration table shall be mounted
within the climatic chamber.
4.3.3 Test conditions
The temperature tolerance shall be ± 2,5 °C.
4.3.4 Test procedure
Fix the pyrotechnic article to the vibration table by an appropriate method insuring correct transmission
of the vibration load. Apply random vibration in accordance with Table 1 and Figure 2 along each of the
three main axes (see Figure 1) of each pyrotechnic article for 24 h.
Place the pyrotechnic article in the climatic chamber. The temperature shall be changed in accordance
with Figure 3. It may be changed simultaneously with application of the vibration load.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Table 1 — Frequency characteristics at RMS of 1,34 g
Frequency Power spectral density
2
Hz g /Hz
8 0,035
50 0,035
80 0,001
200 0,000 5
Key
X frequency, expressed in hertz
2
Y power spectral density, expressed in g per hertz
Figure 2 — Vibration test
Note to Figure 2: Number of lines: 400; Range of analysis (filter bandwidth 1,25 Hz): 500 Hz; Degree of
freedom (DOF): 154; Abort limits lines: ± 5 dB; Abort limits g RMS: ± 5 dB.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Key
X time, expressed in hours
Y temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius
a
Duration of one cycle: 24h
Figure 3 — Temperature cycle
4.4 Thermal humidity cycling test
4.4.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of the pyrotechnic article to withstand high humidity
and temperature variations.
4.4.2 Equipment
A climatic chamber with recirculating air shall be used.
4.4.3 Test condition
The temperature tolerance shall be ± 2,5 °C.
4.4.4 Test procedure
Place the pyrotechnic article in the climatic chamber and subject it to 30 thermal humidity cycles in
accordance with Figure 4.
NOTE 1 The temperature reference point is within the propelling media.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
a
X time, expressed in hours Lead time
b
Y relative air humidity, expressed as a percent- Duration of one cycle: 24h, or less using t
1 e.
age
c
Y temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius Or: reference temperature build-up time, t
2 e.
NOTE 2 The relevant temperature build-up times, t , may be used instead of the given hours; if t is used, it
e e
shall be determined prior to the test according to the procedure in Annex A.
Figure 4 — Thermal humidity cycle
4.5 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test
4.5.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to prove the ability of the pyrotechnic article to withstand electrostatic
discharges without unintended ignition.
4.5.2 Equipment
An ESD generator capable of producing the test pulse, adjustable within the limits given in 4.5.3, shall be
used consisting in its main parts of the following and meeting the respective requirements:
— charging resistor: resistance, R , between 50 MΩ and 100 MΩ;
ch
— energy-storage capacitor: capacitance, C ; (C + C ) 150 pF ± 10 %;
s s d
— distributed capacitance, C ;
d
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
— hand capacitor: capacitance, C of 10 pF ± 10 %;
h
— discharge resistor: resistance, R , of 330 Ω ± 10 %;
d
— voltage indicator: tolerance of the output voltage indication, ± 5 %;
— output voltage (see Note 1 of Figure 5), up to 8 kV (nominal) for contact discharge;
— polarity of the output voltage: positive and negative;
— discharge switch;
— discharge return cable;
— holding time: at least 5 s;
— discharge, mode of operation: single discharge; the generator should be able to generate at a rate of
at least 20 discharges per second for exploratory purposes only;
— time between successive discharges: at least 1 s;
— power supply unit.
NOTE Open circuit voltage is measured at the energy storage capacitor.
The generator shall be provided with a means of preventing unintended radiated or conducted emissions,
of either pulse or continuous type, so that the pyrotechnic article and auxiliary test equipment are not
disturbed by these effects.
The discharge return cable of the test generator shall be constructed to allow the generator to meet the
waveform specification. It shall be sufficiently insulated to prevent the flow, during the ESD test, of the
discharge current to personnel or conducting surfaces other than via its termination.
Figure 5 presents a simplified diagram of the ESD generator. Construction details are not given.
Key
1 DC HV supply 5 discharge contact
2 charging resistor (R ) 6 energy-storage capacitor (C )
ch s
3 discharge resistor (R ) 7 hand capacitor (C )
d h
4 discharge switch 8 discharge return connection
NOTE 1 C , omitted from Figure 5, is a distributed capacitance existing between generator and the pyrotechnic
d
article, ground reference planes and coupling planes.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
NOTE 2 Because the capacitance is distributed over the whole generator, it is not possible to show this in the circuit.
Figure 5 — Simplified diagram of the ESD generator
4.5.3 Test conditions
4.5.3.1 General
The pyrotechnic article shall be at ambient temperature.
4.5.3.2 Calibration of the test set-up for contact discharge
The calibration shall be done in such a way that the impulse shown in Figure 6 and given in Table 2 is
measured by a suitable device connected to the ESD-simulator in accordance with the wiring diagram
in Figure 7.
The values of the parameters of the discharge current shall be verified with 1 000 MHz bandwidth-
measuring instrumentation.
A lower bandwidth implies limitations in the measurement of rise time and amplitude of the first
current peak.
4.5.4 Test procedure
Electrostatic discharge shall be applied in accordance with Figure 6.
Place the pyrotechnic article under test on a conductive bench.
The bench ESD simulator and power source shall be grounded to earth.
Identify specific test points on the pyrotechnic article prior to conducting the test.
If an igniter is present, apply the discharge to the igniter from pin to pin and from each pin to all those
other areas of the casing accessible to personnel in normal use.
Perform the test with contact discharges and with positive and negative voltages. Subject each discharge
point to a minimum of three positive and three negative discharges at the voltage level as shown in
Figure 6. The time duration between discharges shall be at least 5 s.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Key
X time, expressed in nanoseconds
Y current intensity, expressed in amperes
a
Risetime, t , with discharge switch
r
Figure 6 — Typical waveform of the output current of the ESD generator
Table 2 — Characteristics of output current of ESD generator
Indicated voltage First peak current of Rise time, t , with Current (±30 %) Current (±30 %)
r
discharge ± 10 % discharge switch at 30 ns at 60 ns
8 kV 30 A 0,7 to 1 ns 16 A 8 A
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Key
1 ESD simulator (330 Ω) 4 purpose input
2 50 Ω 5 coaxial target
3 20 dB attenuator 6 2 Ω
Figure 7 — ESD simulator calibration set-up schematic
4.6 Fire test
4.6.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine the behaviour of the pyrotechnic article when exposed to fire.
4.6.2 Equipment
The following equipment shall be used when carrying out a fire test:
— gas cylinder, containing, for example, propane gas with gas-cylinder valve and hose assembly;
— gas burner(s), 60 mm in diameter;
— support made of mild steel according to Figure 8;
— grid, an expanded metal made of mild steel as specified in Figure 9 that shall cover the entire
support surface;
— gas lighter;
— stop watch.
The vertical distance between mouth of the burner(s) and top of the grid shall be 400 ±10 mm.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 fixture for user
Figure 8 — Support
Key
L long diagonal length, equal to 43 mm
l
L short diagonal length, equal to13 mm
c
l strip width, equal to 2 mm
e thickness, equal to 2 mm
Figure 9 — Grid
4.6.3 Test conditions
4.6.3.1 General
The test shall be performed with the pyrotechnic article at ambient temperature. Standard positions
and heating rate of the pyrotechnic article shall be considered according to the requirement specified in
ISO 14451-5, ISO 14451-6, ISO 14451-7 or ISO 14451-9.
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SIST EN ISO 14451-2:2013
ISO 14451-2:2013(E)
The number of burner(s) shall be chosen such that the whole cross-section of the pyrotechnic article
(projection to the grid) shall be completely engulfed in the flames.
The pyrotechnic article shall be fixed to the grid during the test by an appropriate method (e.g. hose
clamps, clamps, etc.) to ensure very low thermal loss through fixation contacts.
Each pyrotechnic article shall be filmed during the test with a minimum of 25 frames per second. Each
test shall be recorded.
4.6.3.2 Calibration of the fire test set-up
Calibration as described below shall be ensured for each individual burner while all burners being used
for the test are ignited.
For calibration of the test installation, the heating rate shall be measured with a steel cube of 50 mm
side length made of mild steel and with a mass of 975 g ± 10 g. The cube shall be placed on the grid (as
described in 4.6.2) so that heat losses through fixation contact are minimized. A hole with diameter of
maximum 3 mm
...
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