SIST EN 17682:2023
(Main)Railway applications - Infrastructure - Resilient element for floating slab system
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Resilient element for floating slab system
This document is applicable to Resilient Elements for Floating Slab system (REFS) – Elements used in floating slab and defines the test procedures and their acceptance criteria.
The document covers not only those parameters related to the effectiveness of a track structure in mitigating vibrations, that is, to reduce the emission of vibrations and structure-borne noise, but also the parameters that are needed for the static analysis and for the verification of track safety.
Floating slab track systems in the form of track base plates and track troughs are individual solutions in which there is considerable variation in the engineering design and the types of resilient elements used. For this reason, a floating slab track system is always an individual engineering solution and therefore, it is not possible to define all specific conditions for the resilient elements in the present document.
The most typical types of resilient elements are:
— Full surface bearings,
— Strip bearings,
— Discrete bearings (including the helical steel spring element),
— Vertical bearings.
This document provides particular information in the following areas:
— test methods, test arrangements and acceptance criteria,
— data supplied by the purchaser and by the supplier,
— definition of general process of design approval tests,
— definition of routine tests.
This document defines the specific test procedures for REFS:
— stiffness tests,
— fatigue tests,
— severe environmental condition test.
This document also sets out procedures for testing fitness for purpose and provides information on quality monitoring as part of quality assurance procedures. This document does not, however, contain requirements pertaining to the functions of Resilient Element for Floating Slab system. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to define these requirements and to choose the optional tests.
This document is not applicable for fastening system and for booted concrete block and sleeper completed with boots covered by EN 13481 5.
Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Elastisches Element für Unterbodenmattensystem
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für elastische Elemente für Masse-Feder-Systeme (REFS) und legt die Prüfverfahren und die Abnahmekriterien fest.
Das Dokument behandelt nicht nur die Messgrößen, die sich auf die Wirksamkeit der Schwingungsminderung eines Oberbaus beziehen, das heißt auf die Reduzierung der Emission von Schwingungen und sekundärem Luftschall, sondern auch die Messgrößen, die für die statische Analyse und den Nachweis der Gleis-Sicherheit benötigt werden.
Masse-Feder-Systeme in der Form von Gleistragplatten und Gleiströgen sind individuelle Lösungen mit erheblichen Unterschieden in der Bauart und den verwendeten Arten der elastischen Elemente. Aus diesem Grund stellt jedes Masse-Feder-System eine individuelle bautechnische Lösung dar, weshalb es nicht möglich ist, alle spezifischen Bedingungen für die elastischen Elemente in diesem Dokument festzulegen.
Die am häufigsten verwendeten elastischen Elemente sind:
— vollflächige Lager;
— Streifenlager;
— diskrete Lager (einschließlich Schraubendruckfederelemente aus Stahl);
— Vertikallager.
Dieses Dokument bietet spezifische Informationen zu den folgenden Themen:
— Prüfverfahren, Prüfanordnungen und Abnahmekriterien;
— von Käufer und Lieferant zur Verfügung gestellte Daten;
— Bestimmung der allgemeinen Bauartzulassungsprüfungen;
— Bestimmung der Prüfungen zur Qualitätssicherung.
Dieses Dokument legt die spezifischen Prüfverfahren für REFS fest:
— Steifigkeitsprüfungen;
— Ermüdungsprüfungen;
— Prüfung der Beständigkeit gegen starke Umwelteinflüsse.
In diesem Dokument werden auch Verfahren für die Eignungsprüfung festgelegt und Informationen zur Qualitätsüberwachung als Teil von Qualitätssicherungsverfahren bereitgestellt. Dieses Dokument enthält jedoch keine Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Funktion der elastischen Elemente für Masse-Feder-Systeme. Die Festlegung dieser Anforderungen und die Auswahl der optionalen Prüfungen liegt in der Verantwortung des Käufers.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für Befestigungssysteme und für in Schuhe eingebettete Betonblöcke und Schwellen, die in EN 13481 5 behandelt werden.
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Elément élastique pour système de dalles flottantes
Le présent document s'applique aux éléments élastiques pour système de dalle flottante (REFS) et définit les modes opératoires d'essai ainsi que les critères d'acceptation associés.
Le présent document traite non seulement des paramètres liés à l'aptitude des voies à atténuer les vibrations, c'est-à-dire réduire les émissions de vibrations et de bruit solidien, mais également des paramètres nécessaires à l'analyse statique et à la vérification de la sécurité des voies.
Les systèmes de voie sur dalle flottante constitués de selles et de dalles pleines sont des solutions individuelles, qui varient considérablement sur le plan de la conception technique et des types d'éléments élastiques utilisés. C'est la raison pour laquelle un système de voie sur dalle flottante constitue toujours une solution technique individuelle et, par conséquent, il n'est pas possible de définir dans le présent document l'ensemble des conditions spécifiques aux éléments élastiques.
Les types d'éléments élastiques les plus couramment utilisés sont les suivants :
— supports intégraux ;
— support par bandes ;
— supports discrets (y compris l'élément ressort hélicoïdal en acier) ;
— supports verticaux.
Ce document donne des informations particulières dans les domaines suivants :
— méthodes d'essai, montages d'essai et critères d’acceptation ;
— données fournies par l'acheteur et par le fournisseur ;
— définition d'un processus d’essais de qualification général ;
— définition des essais de série.
Le présent document définit les modes opératoires d'essai spécifiques au REFS :
— essais de raideur ;
— essais de fatigue ;
— essai en conditions environnantes rigoureuses.
Le présent document établit également des modes opératoires pour les essais d'aptitude à l'emploi et fournit des informations sur la gestion de la qualité dans le cadre des procédures d'assurance qualité. Cependant, le présent document ne contient pas les exigences relatives aux fonctions de l'élément élastique pour système de dalle flottante. La définition de ces exigences et le choix des essais facultatifs relèvent de la responsabilité de l'acheteur.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux systèmes de fixation ni aux traverses et supports en béton avec chaussons, qui sont spécifiés dans l'EN 13481 5.
Železniške naprave - Infrastruktura - Elastični element za sistem plavajočih plošč
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za elastične elemente za sistem plavajočih plošč (REFS) - elemente, ki se uporabljajo v plavajoči plošči, in določa preskusne postopke in merila za njihov sprejem.
Standard zajema parametre, povezane z učinkovitostjo strukture tira pri blažitvi vibracij, to je za zmanjšanje emisije vibracij in hrupa, ki ga povzročajo strukture, ter tudi parametre, ki so potrebni za statično analizo in za preverjanje varnosti tirov.
Sistemi plavajočih plošč v obliki osnovnih plošč in tirnih korit so posamezne rešitve, ki se razlikujejo po tehnični zasnovi in vrstah uporabljenih elastičnih elementov. Zaradi tega je sistem plavajočih plošč vedno individualna tehnična rešitev in ni mogoče določiti vseh posebnih pogojev za elastične elemente v sedanjem standardu.
Najbolj običajne vrste elastičnih elementov so:
– ležaji s polnim stikom,
– tračni ležaji,
– diskretni ležaji (vključno z vijačnim jeklenim vzmetnim elementom),
– navpični ležaji.
Ta standard zagotavlja posebne informacije za:
– preskusne metode, razporeditve preskusov in merila za ocenjevanje elastičnih elementov za sistem plavajočih plošč,
– podatke, ki jih zagotovita kupec in dobavitelj,
– opredelitev splošnega postopka homologacije,
– opredelitev rutinskih preskusov.
Ta standard določa posebne postopke preskušanja za elastične elemente za sistem plavajočih plošč:
– preskusi togosti,
– preskusi utrujenosti,
– preskus v neugodnih okoljskih pogojih.
Ta standard določa tudi postopke za preskušanje primernosti za namen in kot del postopkov zagotavljanja kakovosti zagotavlja informacije o nadzoru kakovosti. Standard pa ne vsebuje zahtev, ki se nanašajo na funkcije elastičnega elementa za sistem plavajočih plošč. Odgovornost kupca je, da določi te zahteve in izbere neobvezne preskuse.
Ta standard se ne uporablja za pritrdilne sisteme ter za betonske bloke in prage v ohišju, skupaj z ohišji, ki so zajeti v standardu EN 13481-5.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2023
Železniške naprave - Infrastruktura - Elastični element za sistem plavajočih plošč
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Resilient element for floating slab system
Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Elastisches Element für Unterbodenmattensystem
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Elément élastique pour système de dalles
flottantes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17682:2022
ICS:
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17682
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.100
English Version
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Resilient element
for floating slab system
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Élément Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Elastisches
élastique pour système de dalle flottante (REFS) Element für Unterbodenmattensystem
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 October 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17682:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
5 Loads applied to the REFS . 11
6 Samples dimensions . 12
7 Design approval tests and routine tests . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Summary of design approval and routine tests . 13
7.3 Requirements for specifications . 13
7.3.1 Dimensions and mass . 13
7.3.2 Static and dynamic vertical bedding modulus determined with flat plate (FP) . 14
7.3.3 Acoustic bedding modulus . 14
7.3.4 Fatigue test . 16
7.3.5 Static horizontal bedding modulus . 16
7.3.6 Water and climatic resistance of REFS . 17
7.3.7 Ageing test with high temperatures . 17
8 Data to be supplied . 17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 Data supplied by the purchaser (prior to the project design approval tests) . 17
8.3 Data supplied by the supplier (after the project design approval tests and prior to
first start-up of production) . 18
9 Quality control . 18
10 Marking, labelling and packaging . 19
Annex A (normative) Flat plate (FP) — Design of the FP . 20
Annex B (normative) Data sheet . 21
Annex C (normative) Bedding modulus and stiffness measurement determined with FP . 22
C.1 Static test procedure . 22
C.2 Dynamic test procedure. 26
Annex D (normative) Fatigue test . 29
D.1 Principle . 29
D.2 Apparatus . 29
D.3 Procedure. 29
D.4 Test report . 30
Annex E (informative) Static horizontal bedding modulus . 31
E.1 Principle . 31
E.2 Apparatus . 31
E.3 Procedure . 31
E.4 Test report . 33
Annex F (informative) Water and climatic resistance . 35
F.1 Principle . 35
F.2 Apparatus . 35
F.3 Procedure . 35
F.4 Test report . 37
Annex G (informative) Ageing test with high temperatures . 38
G.1 Principle . 38
G.2 Apparatus . 38
G.3 Procedure . 38
G.4 Test report . 39
Bibliography . 40
European foreword
This document (EN 17682:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2023 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
In a track for railway vehicles, the Resilient Element for Floating Slab (REFS) is a product which is placed
between the substructure and the ballastless track. This document applies to the performance-related
properties of this element.
1 Scope
This document is applicable to resilient elements for floating slab system (REFS) – elements used in
floating slab and defines the test procedures and their acceptance criteria.
The document covers not only those parameters related to the effectiveness of a track structure in
mitigating vibrations, that is, to reduce the emission of vibrations and structure-borne noise, but also the
parameters that are needed for the static analysis and for the verification of track safety.
Floating slab track systems in the form of track base plates and track troughs are individual solutions in
which there is considerable variation in the engineering design and the types of resilient elements used.
For this reason, a floating slab track system is always an individual engineering solution and therefore, it
is not possible to define all specific conditions for the resilient elements in this document.
The most typical types of resilient elements are:
— full surface bearings;
— strip bearings;
— discrete bearings (including the helical steel spring element);
— vertical bearings.
This document provides particular information in the following areas:
— test methods, test arrangements and acceptance criteria;
— data supplied by the purchaser and by the supplier;
— definition of general process of design approval tests;
— definition of routine tests.
This document defines the specific test procedures for REFS:
— stiffness tests;
— fatigue tests;
— severe environmental condition test.
This document also sets out procedures for testing fitness for purpose and provides information on
quality monitoring as part of quality assurance procedures. This document does not, however, contain
requirements pertaining to the functions of Resilient Element for Floating Slab system. It is the
responsibility of the purchaser to define these requirements and to choose the optional tests.
This document is not applicable for fastening system and for booted concrete block and sleeper
completed with boots covered by EN 13481-5.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics - Determination of tensile properties (ISO 527 (all parts))
EN ISO 1798, Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at
break (ISO 1798)
EN ISO 7500-1:2018, Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines -
Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
(ISO 7500-1:2018)
EN ISO 9513:2012, Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing (ISO
9513:2012)
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
floating slab system
track system where a designed elasticity by a resilient element is introduced between the ballastless track
system or trough slab and its substructure
3.2
resilient element for floating slab system
REFS
product of resilient material installed in the floating slab system including all integral parts of the product
in order to mitigate vibrations
3.3
full surface bearing
resilient element arranged as a mat in between the floating slab and its substructure to provide
continuous elastic support of the floating slab
3.4
strip bearing
resilient element arranged as a strip in between the floating slab and its substructure to provide
continuous longitudinal elastic support of the floating slab. Continuous means any longitudinal gap
between 2 strips is less than 10 % of one strip length, and not larger than strip width, except where larger
gaps are needed for construction requirements such as drainage
3.5
discrete bearing
resilient element arranged as a point support in between floating slab and its substructure to provide
discontinuous elastic support of the floating slab (including helical steel spring element), with designed
spacing between them over 10 % of their length
Note 1 to entry: Helical steel spring element, consisting of a helical steel spring according to EN 13906-1 and a
viscous or a solid damping system assembled in one device.
3.6
vertical bearing
resilient element placed vertically for floating slab system in order to constrain the horizontal movements
3.7
stiffness
force per unit deflection measured under a uniaxial force
[SOURCE: EN 16730:2016, 3.9]
3.8
bedding modulus
compressive stress (force per unit area) per unit deflection, measured under a uniaxial force
[SOURCE: EN 16730:2016, 3.10, modified]
3.9
static stiffness
static bedding modulus
force or stress per unit deflection measured under a uniaxial static load
[SOURCE: EN 16730:2016, 3.12, modified]
3.10
dynamic stiffness
dynamic bedding modulus
force or stress per unit deflection measured under a uniaxial force which acts periodically at a given
frequency of (5 to 20) Hz around specific force or stress levels
Note 1 to entry: This value is determined mainly for calculation of dynamic deformation of tracks.
[SOURCE: EN 16730:2016, 3.13, modified]
3.11
acoustic stiffness
acoustic bedding modulus
dynamic stiffness or bedding modulus that is measured under a static preload and at small amplitudes of
displacement or velocity applied in the frequency range relevant to noise or vibration perception
3.12
mitigation of ground-borne noise and vibration
reduction of mechanical vibration and/or ground-borne noise transmitted into the surroundings
Note 1 to entry: REFS has no influence on airborne noise-mitigation except in some indirect cases, e.g. mitigate
the reradiated sound from bridge-structures.
3.13
general design approval tests
tests performed to demonstrate the compliance of the product properties with the requirements, for
standard dimensions
3.14
project design approval tests
tests performed to demonstrate the compliance of the product properties with the requirements for a
specific project, set by the purchaser
3.15
routine tests
tests performed to demonstrate the compliance of the product properties to the quality plan, set by the
supplier
3.16
purchaser
operator or user of the equipment, or the customer of the material on the user’s behalf
[SOURCE: EN 17319:2020, 3.12, modified]
3.17
supplier
company /body responsible for the execution of purchaser’s requirements
Note 1 to entry: This can be the manufacturer or his designated representative, stockist, distributer, or agent.
[SOURCE: EN 15427-1-1:2022, 3.7, modified]
3.18
manufacturer
organization responsible for blending and processing material constituents, integrating them in the
manufacturing process and subsequently cutting, stamping or moulding to final dimensions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and indices in Tables 1 and 2 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbols Characterization Units
A area mm
C bedding modulus N/mm
d displacement mm
Δ variation -
F load N
f frequency Hz
k stiffness N/mm
m mass kg
Symbols Characterization Units
η loss factor -
stiffening ratio between dynamic bedding modulus and static bedding
κ -
modulus or dynamic stiffness and static stiffness
σ stress (compressive or tensile) N/mm
Φ dynamic coefficient -
R roughness mm
Table 2 — Indices of the symbols
Indices Characterization
0 minimum load
1 service load
2 evaluation load
3 maximum load
PH applicable horizontal live load
PHB applicable horizontal load exerted by the reference vehicle
PV applicable vertical live load
PVB applicable vertical load exerted by the reference vehicle
i Hz value of frequency in measurement
af after
be before
dyn dynamic
A acoustic (bedding modulus)
h horizontal
max maximum
min minimum
i sequential number in order to differentiate types of measurements
stat static
test test load
v vertical
a arithmetic mean value
c cycles
M million
5 Loads applied to the REFS
As a floating slab track system is always an individual engineering solution for a particular application, it
is not possible to specify generally applicable load ranges for the resilient elements.
The purchaser shall define the different loads (force or pressure) acting on REFS:
F or σ (minimum load): Dead load of the slab including rails, rail fastenings,
0 0
without safety factor.
F or σ (service load): Minimum load (F or σ ) plus the product of the dynamic
1 1 0 0
coefficient (vibration coefficient) Φ and the applicable
vertical live load (F or σ ) on curved or straight track.
PV PV
F or σ (evaluation load for slab Minimum load (F or σ ) plus the product of the dynamic
2 2 0 0
design): coefficient Φ and the applicable vertical live load (F or
PVB
σ ) exerted by the reference vehicle, or plus the product
PVB
of the dynamic coefficient Φ and the load model used for
the verification of slab safety.
F or σ (maximum load for slab 1,35 σ plus 1,5 times the product of the dynamic
3 3 0
design): coefficient Φ and the applicable vertical live load (F or
PVB
σ ) exerted by the reference vehicle, or plus 1,45 times
PVB
the product of the dynamic coefficient Φ and the load
model used for the verification of track safety.
F or σ (minimum load): Horizontal load resulting from the longitudinal or lateral
h0 h0
force component acting parallel to the lateral or
longitudinal inclination in the concrete base and from the
superelevation of the curve of the track slab support layer.
F or σ (service load): Minimum load σ plus the horizontal live load σ
h1 h1 h0 PH
generated by the vehicles used for regular scheduled
services.
F or σ (evaluation load): Minimum load σ plus the horizontal live load σ of the
h2 h2 h0 PHB
reference vehicle or the horizontal live load of the load
model used in the verification of track safety.
F or σ (maximum load): 1,35 σ plus 1,5 times the horizontal live load σ of the
h3 h3 h0 PHB
reference vehicle, or plus 1,45 times the horizontal live
load of the load model used in the verification of track
safety.
The dynamic coefficient Φ incorporates the additional dynamic effects associated with the passage of the
vehicle. Currently, a dynamic coefficient of Φ = 1,3 is used for running speeds up to 200 km/h. For higher
speeds, the dynamic coefficient should be provided by the purchaser.
NOTE 1 The applicable vertical live load PV is determined by the axle loads of the vehicles used for regular
scheduled services.
NOTE 2 In the case of tramways, urban light rail systems and underground railways, the live load PVB of the
reference vehicle is assumed to be the most unfavourable loading scenario generated by the regular scheduled
services or by any special-purpose vehicles. For suburban rapid transit systems and main-line railways, the load
model LM 71 as defined in EN 1991-2 is generally assumed for verifications of track safety.
NOTE 3 The horizontal live load of a railway vehicle comprises the centrifugal forces, the transverse impact
(nosing force), and the braking and accelerating forces. The horizontal live load does not contain any surcharges
(loading factors), e.g. it does not contain a dynamic coefficient (vibration coefficient). The centrifugal force is
calculated for σ from the axle loads of the vehicle used for regular scheduled service while taking account of the
h1
relevant track curve radius and track curve speed. Values assumed for σ and F are based on the reference vehicle
h2 h3
or the load model applied in the verification of track safety rather than on the vehicle used for regular scheduled
service.
NOTE 4 The factor of 1,5 is the partial safety factor in EN 1990. The factor of 1,45 is the partial safety factor in
DIN-Fachbericht 101 [1]. The partial safety factor refers to the loads applied and not to the type of structural
supporting structure to be calculated.
6 Sample dimensions
Table 3 presents the sample dimensions for the tests.
Table 3 — Sample dimensions for tests
Bearings Dimensions
Full surface
300 mm × 300 mm × “thickness of the bearing”
bearings
300 mm length × “width of the bearing (maximum 300 mm)” × “thickness of the
Strip bearings
bearing”
Dimensions of the discrete bearing or helical steel spring elements (the whole
Discrete
element consisting of steel spring and viscous or solid damping system should be
bearings
considered)
Vertical Dimensions in function of type (full surface, strip or discrete) of bearings used in the
bearings project
For general design approval tests, it is recommended for discrete bearings and vertical bearings to use
sample dimensions: 300 mm × 300 mm. Other dimensions than the recommended ones are possible.
In the case of resilient elements with studs or other geometrically deformable structures, the dimensions
(close to 300 mm × 300 mm and maximum 320 mm × 320 mm) of the test object shall be modified.
7 Design approval tests and routine tests
7.1 General
This clause defines the test objectives and requested information about the REFS.
In order to be able to identify REFS at a later date, the following values shall be indicated:
— the mass of the product and all its components, see 7.3.1;
— the results of a suitable and relevant material analysis.
The supplier shall provide data to meet the objectives of the tests and/or the provision of requested
information in respect of REFS including:
— the data sheet as described in Annex B, Table B.1;
— any transportation, storage and installation recommendations and procedures to preserve the
material characteristics and original performance, see 8.3.
7.2 Summary of design approval and routine tests
The general design approval tests, project design approval tests and the routine tests (for quality
assurance and quality monitoring) are stated in Table 4. The general design approval does not cover the
vertical bearings but vertical bearings can be tested analogue to horizontal bearings.
The values determined in design approval tests shall act as the reference values for quality assurance and
quality monitoring procedures.
The frequency of routine tests is defined according to the quality plan of the supplier.
Table 4 —Tests for REFS
General design Project design
Tests Clause Routine tests
approval tests approval tests
Dimensions and
7.3.1 Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
mass
Static vertical Mandatory at
7.3.2 Mandatory Mandatory
bedding modulus (23 ± 5) °C
Mandatory for
Dynamic vertical
7.3.2 Mandatory 5 Hz Mandatory 5 Hz 5 Hz at
bedding modulus
(23 ± 5) °C
Acoustic bedding
Not applicable
7.3.3 Optional Mandatory
modulus
Fatigue test 7.3.4 Mandatory Optional Not applicable
Static horizontal
7.3.5 Optional Optional Not applicable
bedding modulus
Water and climatic
7.3.6 Optional Optional Not applicable
resistance
Ageing test with
7.3.7 Optional Optional Not applicable
high temperatures
For practical reasons, the stiffness can be used instead of the bedding modulus for the test in the 7.3.
NOTE 1 Other tests can be conducted, e.g. fire resistance, resistance to chemical agents, resistance to
hydrocarbon, resistance to ozone, environment and end of life, etc.
NOTE 2 Other tests can be conducted for vertical bearings, e.g. shear test, etc.
7.3 Requirements for specifications
7.3.1 Dimensions and mass
The supplier shall indicate the range of available dimensions with tolerances of the REFS and type of joint
in case of full surface bearing or strip bearings.
The thickness and mass of REFS shall be indicated in order to enable identification.
Test arrangement:
Thickness and mass are measured with suitable instruments. The minimum accuracies to measure the
dimensions and the mass are respectively ± 1 mm and ± 1 g.
General and project design approval:
All the REFS samples for design approval shall be checked according to technical documentations on
thickness and mass.
The purchaser shall approve the technical documentation on thickness and mass given by supplier.
The values determined in design approval tests shall be the reference values for routine tests.
7.3.2 Static and dynamic vertical bedding modulus determined with flat plate (FP)
The measurement of the static and of the dynamic vertical bedding modulus of REFS determined with FP
is a key performance property of the REFS.
Test arrangement:
The static and dynamic vertical bedding modulus of REFS with FP shall be measured in accordance with
Annex C.
The dynamic bedding modulus is measured at (5 ± 1) Hz.
General design approval:
The test method shall be applied on 3 REFS samples.
If this test is performed at other temperatures, then the median value sample shall be selected for
performing this test.
The supplier shall provide the reference values for the static and the dynamic bedding modulus for
routine test, based on the values of the general design approval tests.
Project design approval:
The test method shall be applied on 3 REFS samples (same or different samples of the general design
approval test).
If this test is performed at other temperatures, then the median value sample shall be selected for
performing this test.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criteria for the project design approval test:
— C ≥ minimum value;
stat
— C ≤ maximum value.
dyn
7.3.3 Acoustic bedding modulus
The outcome of this requirement is used to verify the performance of vibration mitigation of REFS.
The test procedure and equipment are different from the determination of dynamic bedding modulus. In
contrast to the test of the dynamic bedding modulus C the test procedure to measure the higher
dyn,
frequency dynamic bedding modulus C is carried out with static preloading and with smaller vibration
A
amplitude. For this reason, the values of the two moduli are possibly not the same when measured at the
same frequency, e.g. at 5 Hz (see Figure 1).
Key
a curve for acoustic bedding modulus (C )
A
b dynamic bedding modulus at 5 Hz (Cdyn)
C bedding moduli (CA, Cstat and Cdyn)
x frequency (Hz)
y bedding modulus (N/mm )
Figure 1 — Example of a frequency-dependent bedding modulus curve
Test arrangement:
The acoustic bedding modulus and loss factor of REFS could be measured according to EN 17495.
The purchaser shall define the following pressures according to the project:
— σ (minimum load);
— σ (service load);
— σ (median load with σ = (σ + σ )/2).
0,5 0,5 1 0
The minimum frequencies applied for the acoustic bedding modulus test are: 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz.
The amplitude of dynamic excitation imposed on the sample shall be a vibration velocity of (5 ± 2) mm/s
RMS (root mean square) at the frequency of the measurement.
General and project design approval:
The test method shall be applied on the same three REFS samples already tested as in 7.3.2.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criterion for the design approval test:
— C or k ≤ maximum value.
A,iHz A,iHz
The loss factor η shall be communicated to the purchaser.
A
7.3.4 Fatigue test
This test is intended to verify the long-term behaviour of the REFS by assessing its change in the static
and dynamic bedding modulus.
Test arrangement:
The fatigue test of REFS shall be measured in accordance with Annex D.
General design approval:
The test method shall be applied on one REFS sample.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criteria for the project design approval test for a σ
and σ :
— ΔC or Δk ≤ maximum value;
stat stat
— ΔC or Δk ≤ maximum value;
dyn,test dyn,test
— ΔC or Δk ≤ maximum value.
dyn,5Hz dyn,5Hz
Project design approval
For project design approval, the general design approval fatigue test shall be considered as valid if:
— minimum load used in the available fatigue test is less than or equal to the minimum load defined for
the project,
and
— service load used in the available fatigue test is greater than or equal to service load defined for the
project.
7.3.5 Static horizontal bedding modulus
The static horizontal bedding modulus of REFS is used to describe the load distribution of the slab,
regarding the slab behaviour in the longitudinal and lateral direction.
Test arrangement:
The test of REFS shall be performed in accordance with Annex E.
General and project design approval:
The test method shall be applied on three REFS samples.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criterion for the project design approval test:
— for full surface, strip and discrete bearings, average of C or k of the three samples
stat,h stat,h
tested ≥ minimum value,
— for vertical bearings, average of C or k of the three samples tested ≤ maximum value.
stat,h stat,h
7.3.6 Water and climatic resistance of REFS
This test is used to assess the resistance of the REFS, which are used outdoors, under sub-zero conditions
and to water.
Test arrangement:
Climatic resistance of REFS shall be tested in accordance with Annex F.
General and project design approval:
The test method shall be applied on one REFS sample.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criteria for the design approval test for a load
submitted:
— on visual inspection;
— ΔC or Δk ≤ maximum percentage %.
dyn,5Hz dyn,5Hz
7.3.7 Ageing test with high temperatures
This test simulates ageing with high temperatures to analyse a possible change of mechanical properties.
Test arrangement:
The test of REFS shall be performed in accordance with Annex G.
General and project design approval:
The test method shall be applied on one REFS test sample.
The purchaser shall define the following acceptance criteria for the design approval test:
— on visual inspection;
or Δk ;
— ΔCdyn,5Hz dyn,5Hz
— Δm.
8 Data to be supplied
8.1 General
The supply of data from purchaser to supplier and vice versa is essential for correct and relevant project
design approval tests. What tests should be performed is listed in Table 4. In 8.2 supply of data by the
purchaser is covered, and in 8.3 supply of data by the supplier.
The general design approval data shall be defined in the data sheet of the REFS, as described in Annex B.
8.2 Data supplied by the purchaser (prior to the project design approval tests)
Prior to the project design approval tests, the purchaser shall provide to the supplier the following data:
a) loads applied to the REFS (see Clause 5);
b) drawings and specifications necessary to define the critical dimensions of the REFS including
tolerance (length, width, etc.) (see 7.3.1);
c) requirement for static and dynamic vertical bedding modulus or stiffness (see 7.3.2);
d) requirement for acoustic bedding modulus or stiffness (see 7.3.3);
e) requirement for fatigue test (see 7.3.4).
The purchaser may optionally specify the following items, and provide additional adequate data to the
supplier prior to design approval tests:
f) requirement for static horizontal bedding modulus or stiffness (see 7.3.5);
g) requirement for water resistance and freeze–thaw resistance (see 7.3.6);
h) requirement for ageing test with high temperatures (see 7.3.7);
i) other specific requirements, e.g. resistance to chemical agents, resistance to hydrocarbon, Resistance
to ozone, environment and end of life, etc.
8.3 Data supplied by the supplier (after the project design approval tests and prior to
first start-up of production)
The supplier shall provide to the purchaser the following documentation after project design approval
tests and prior to first start-up of production:
a) drawings, dimensions and specifications of the REFS with its tolerances of manufacturing (see 7.3.1);
b) project design approval test report of the REFS;
c) quality plan for routine testing, including the list of tests and values plus tolerances applicable to the
routine tests results;
d) the essential rules to be complied with for the transportation, the on-site storage and the installation
(e.g. handling, laying, joining, etc.) of REFS. REFS shall be installed in such way that full vibration
isolation efficiency of the product is ensured.
9 Quality control
The supplier shall operate a quality system which is defined and maintained in a quality manual. This
manual shall address all actions, functions and resources, procedures and practices concerned with
achieving and providing documentary evidence that the quality of the delivered REFS and services that
the supplier provides are to the agreed requirements. The supplier shall provide a quality plan developed
from the specification and quality manual.
The purchaser shall have access to the quality manual at the premises of the supplier.
NOTE 1 Guidance on quality systems is given in EN ISO 9000.
NOTE 2 A quality manual applies to the activity in general; a quality plan applies to the production of REFS in
specific.
10 Marking, labelling and packaging
Each REFS, at least its packaging, shall be legibly marked. The marking or labelling shall be specified by
the supplier and made known to the purchaser. The marking or labelling shall contain at least the
following items:
— product name;
— supplier or manufacturer/producer;
— batch number, or date of manufacturing.
The marking on each of the REFS shall hold at least until the moment of installation.
Annex A
(normative)
Flat plate (FP) — Design of the FP
Steel plates according to EN ISO 7500-1, base area larger than bearing at maximum compression:
— Hardness: 53 HC;
— Flatness deviation: 0,03 mm measured over 250 mm;
— Arithmetic mean roughness value: R ≤ 0,001 6 mm;
a
— Deflection at maximum load: 0,1 mm measured over 250 mm.
Annex B
(normative)
Data sheet
Table B.1 — Data sheet
Parameter Symbol Value Unit Test Procedure Remark
Short description
(constitutive
material of the
Material REFS, number of
layers, particular
design properties,
etc.)
Thickness mm
Design Figure
kg or kg/m or
Mass m
kg/element
C C and
stat,, dyn 5Hz
According to Additional
C N/mm
dyn 10Hz
Annex C for indication of σ , and
kstat,, kdyn 5Hz and kN/mm
Static and dynamic
(23 ± 5) °C σ
k
dyn 10Hz
vertical bedding
modulus and stiffness
According to
Load-deflection curve
Annex C for
Graph Cstat, Cdyn 5Hz and Cdyn 10Hz
(23 ± 5) °C
According to
Acoustic bedding Graph C (f),
A
7.3.3 for Optional
modulus ηA
(23 ± 5) °C
According to
ΔCstat, ΔCdyn test
Fatigue test % Annex D for
and ΔCdyn,5Hz
(23 ± 5) °C
According to
Static horizontal
N/mm Annex E for Optional
Cstat,h
bedding modulus
(23 ± 5) °C
Results of the
According to
visual
Water and climatic
% Annex F for Optional
inspection
resistance
(23 ± 5) °C
ΔCdyn,5Hz
Results of the
According to
visual
Ageing test with high
% Annex G for Optional
inspection
temperatures
(23 ± 5) °C
ΔCdyn,5Hz and Δm
NOTE 1 The optional parameters are possibly not included in the data sheet if tests are not requested.
NOTE 2 This data sheet is possibly replicated or copied without Copyright infringement.
Annex C
(normative)
Bedding modulus and stiffness measurement determined with FP
C.1 Static test procedure
C.1.1 Principle
A load is applied normal to the REFS and the displacement is measured.
C.1.2 Apparatus
Concerning the controlled temperature, all components (REFS, FP and load plate) shall be at a
temperature of (23 ± 5) °C. For another specified temperature prior to starting the test, the apparatus
should be able to perform tests at one or more of the following temperatures: (−20 ± 3) °C, (0 ± 3) °C and
(40 ± 3) °C.
C.1.2.1 FP (flat plate), the FP (see Annex A) is connected to the actuator and therefore, the effect of
weight is included in the load F.
C.1.2.2 REFS test sample, the surface A of a sample (see Clause 6) used in this annex corresponds to
the real surface and dimensions of the tested samples.
C.1.2.3 Abrasive cloth, sheets of abrasive cloth P240 or P220 (see ISO 6344-2:2021 and
ISO 6344-3:2021) in unworn condition. Each sheet shall not be smaller than the full area of the sample to
be tested for full surface bearing, strip bearings and vertical bearings.
C.1.2.4 Actuator, actuator capable of applying a load of 1,1 · F .
C.1.2.5 Displacement measuring instruments, instruments complying with EN ISO 9513:2012,
Table 2, class 1. When non-contact instruments are used they shall be calibrated to ensure the accuracy
of measurement complies with the following requirements. The instruments shall be capable of
measuring the vertical displacement of the FP relative to the non-deformable support within ± 0,02 mm.
C.1.2.6 Force measuring instruments, instruments complying with EN ISO 7500-1:2018, class 2
over the required range of force.
C.1.2.7 Recording equipment, equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the
displacement and applied load at the required test frequencies with a sampling frequency of at least
20 times the loading frequency.
C.1.3 Procedure
C.1.3.1 General
Place the test set-up in the following sequence:
a) flat rigid horizontal base;
b) FP (where the centre of the plate coincides with the centre of REFS test sample with a tolerance of
position ± 3 mm);
c) REFS test sample with abrasive cloth (if necessary) as shown in Figure C.1.
Key
1 non-deformable support
2 FP (flat plate)
3 REFS test sample
4 load distribution plate on FP (flat plate)
5 abrasive cloth if necessary (abrasive side in contact with REFS test sample)
Figure C.1 — Test arrangement
Locate instruments to measure the displacement between the FP and the REFS test sample and check the
rotation (minimum three displacement measuring instruments shall be located at different corners of the
plate). If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average di
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