SIST EN ISO 10439-3:2015
(Main)Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Axial and centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors - Part 3: Integrally geared centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439-3:2015)
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Axial and centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors - Part 3: Integrally geared centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439-3:2015)
ISO 10439-3:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439‑1.
Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Axial- und Radialkompressoren und Expanderkompressoren für Sonderanwendungen zur Handhabung von Gas oder Prozessluft - Teil 3: Radialkompressoren mit integrierter Getriebeeinheit (ISO 10439-3:2015)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Compresseurs axiaux et centrifuges et compresseurs-détenteurs - Partie 3: Compresseurs centrifuges et axiaux à multiplicateur intégré (ISO/DIS 10439-3:2010)
L'ISO 10439-3:2015 spécifie les exigences minimales et fournit des recommandations pour les compresseurs axiaux, les compresseurs centrifuges mono-arbres à multiplicateur intégré et les compresseurs-détendeurs pour applications spéciales de traitement des gaz et de l'air dans les industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel. L'ISO 10439-3:2015 spécifie les compresseurs centrifuges à multiplicateur intégré en combinaison avec l'ISO 10439‑1.
Petrokemična industrija ter industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Aksialni, radialni in ekspanzijski kompresorji - 3. del: Radialni kompresorji z vgrajenim gonilom (ISO 10439-3:2015)
Ta del standarda ISO 10439 določa minimalne zahteve in daje priporočila za aksialne kompresorje, radialne kompresorje z eno gredjo in vgrajenim gonilom ter ekspanzijske kompresorje za posebne namene, ki obdelujejo plin ali procesni zrak v petrokemični industriji ter industriji za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina. Ta del standarda ISO 10439 določa radialne kompresorje z vgrajenim gonilom v povezavi s standardom ISO 10439‑1.
OPOMBA 1: Glej API 672 za vdelane kompresorje instrumentalnega zraka.
OPOMBA 2: Na teh strojih so včasih zagotovljene ekspanzijske faze.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
3HWURNHPLþQDLQGXVWULMDWHULQGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD
$NVLDOQLUDGLDOQLLQHNVSDQ]LMVNLNRPSUHVRUMLGHO 5DGLDOQLNRPSUHVRUML]
YJUDMHQLPJRQLORP ,62
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Axial and centrifugal compressors
and expander-compressors - Part 3: Integrally geared centrifugal compressors (ISO
10439-3:2015)
Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Axial- und Radialkompressoren und
Expanderkompressoren für Sonderanwendungen zur Handhabung von Gas oder
Prozessluft - Teil 3: Radialkompressoren mit integrierter Getriebeeinheit (ISO 10439-
3:2015)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Compresseurs axiaux et
centrifuges et compresseurs-détenteurs - Partie 3: Compresseurs centrifuges et axiaux à
multiplicateur intégré (ISO/DIS 10439-3:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10439-3:2015
ICS:
23.140 .RPSUHVRUMLLQSQHYPDWLþQL Compressors and pneumatic
VWURML machines
75.180.20 Predelovalna oprema Processing equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10439-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2015
ICS 75.180.20; 71.120.99 Supersedes EN ISO 10439:2002
English Version
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Axial and
centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors - Part 3:
Integrally geared centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439-3:2015)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Axial- und
Compresseurs axiaux et centrifuges et compresseurs- Radialkompressoren und Expanderkompressoren für
détenteurs - Partie 3: Compresseurs centrifuges et axiaux à Sonderanwendungen zur Handhabung von Gas oder
multiplicateur intégré (ISO 10439-3:2015) Prozessluft - Teil 3: Radialkompressoren mit integrierter
Getriebeeinheit (ISO 10439-3:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10439-3:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10439-3:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118
"Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines and equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas
industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10439:2002.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10439-3:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10439-3:2015 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10439-3
First edition
2015-02-15
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural
gas industries — Axial and centrifugal
compressors and expander-
compressors —
Part 3:
Integrally geared centrifugal
compressors
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel —
Compresseurs axiaux et centrifuges et compresseurs-détenteurs —
Partie 3: Compresseurs centrifuges et axiaux à multiplicateur intégré
Reference number
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, abbreviated terms, and definitions . 1
4 General . 2
4.1 Dimensions and units . 2
4.2 Statutory requirements . 2
4.3 Unit responsibility . 2
4.4 Basic design . 2
4.4.1 Performance . 2
4.5 Materials . 2
4.6 Casings . 2
4.6.1 Pressure-containing casings . 2
4.6.2 Casing repair. 3
4.6.3 Material inspection of pressure-containing parts . 3
4.6.4 Pressure casing connections . 3
4.6.5 Casing support structure . 3
4.6.6 External forces and moments . 3
4.6.7 Variable inlet and/or diffuser guide vanes . . 4
4.7 Rotating elements. 4
4.8 Dynamics . 4
4.9 Bearings and bearing housings. 5
4.9.1 General. 5
4.9.2 Hydrodynamic radial bearings . 5
4.9.3 Hydrodynamic thrust bearings . 5
4.9.4 Bearing housings . 6
4.10 Shaft end seals . 6
4.11 Integral gearing . 6
4.12 Nameplates and rotation arrows .10
5 Accessories .10
5.1 Drivers .10
5.2 Couplings and guards .10
5.3 Lubrication and sealing systems .10
5.4 Mounting plates.10
5.5 Controls and instrumentation .11
5.6 Piping and appurtenances .12
5.6.1 General.12
5.6.2 Process piping and accessories .12
5.7 Special tools .12
6 Inspection, testing, and preparation for shipment .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Inspection .12
6.2.1 Gear contact checks .13
6.3 Testing .13
6.3.1 Mechanical running test .13
6.3.2 Assembled compressor gas leakage test .15
6.3.3 * Optional tests .15
6.4 Preparation for shipment .16
7 Supplier’s data .16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Proposals .16
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
7.3 Contract data .16
Annex A (normative) Datasheets .17
Annex B (informative) Vendor (Supplier) data and drawing requirements (VDDR) .30
Annex C (informative) Nomenclature .40
Annex D (informative) Typical materials for integrally geared compressors .43
Annex E (informative) Inspector’s checklist .59
Annex F (informative) External forces and moments .64
Annex G (normative) Rating formulae for integral gearing .65
Bibliography .68
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 118, Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines
and equipment, Subcommittee SC 1, Process compressors.
This first edition, together with ISO 10439-1, ISO 10439-2, and ISO 10439-4, replaces ISO 10439:2002.
ISO 10439 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum, petrochemical and natural
gas industries — Axial and centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Non-integrally geared centrifugal and axial compressors
— Part 3: Integrally geared centrifugal compressors
— Part 4: Expander-compressors
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on the 7th edition of the American Petroleum Institute standard API 617.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements might be
needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a supplier
from offering or the purchaser from accepting alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the
individual application. This can be particularly appropriate where there is innovative or developing
technology. Where an alternative is offered, the supplier should identify any variations from this
International Standard and provide details.
A asterisk (*) at the beginning of the paragraph of a clause or subclause indicates that either a decision is
required or further information is to be provided by the purchaser. This information should be indicated
on data sheets or stated in the enquiry or purchase order (see examples in Annex A, ISO 10439-2:2015,
Annex A, and ISO 10439-4:2015, Annex A).
This International Standard includes the following annexes:
— Annex A: Datasheets
— Annex B: Vendor (Supplier) data and drawing requirements (VDDR)
— Annex C: Nomenclature
— Annex D: Typical materials for integrally geared compressors
— Annex E: Inspector’s checklist
— Annex F: External forces and moments
— Annex G: Rating formulae for integral gearing
Annex A and Annex G form a normative part of this part of ISO 10439. Annexes B to F are for information only.
In this International Standard, where practical, US customary units are included in parentheses for
information.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries —
Axial and centrifugal compressors and expander-
compressors —
Part 3:
Integrally geared centrifugal compressors
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial
compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-
compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum,
petrochemical, and natural gas industries. This part of ISO 10439 specifies integrally geared centrifugal
compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439-1.
NOTE 1 See API 672 for packaged plant instrument air compressors.
NOTE 2 Expander stages are sometimes provided on these machines.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5389, Turbocompressors — Performance test code
ISO 8068, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Family T (Turbines) — Specification
for lubricating oils for turbines
ISO 10439-1, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Axial and centrifugal compressors
and expander-compressors — Part 1: General requirements
API 670, Machinery protection systems
AGMA 2015-1-A01, Accuracy classification system — Tangential measurements for cylindrical gears
AGMA 2101-D04, Fundamental rating factors and calculation methods for involute spur and helical gear teeth
ASME PTC 10-1997, Performance test code on compressors and exhausters
3 Terms, abbreviated terms, and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms, abbreviated terms, and definitions given in ISO 10439-1 apply.
NOTE A cross-section showing nomenclature of an integrally geared centrifugal compressor is included in
Annex C.
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
4 General
4.1 Dimensions and units
The dimensional and unit requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1.
4.2 Statutory requirements
The statutory requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1.
4.3 Unit responsibility
The unit responsibilities shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1.
4.4 Basic design
4.4.1 Performance
4.4.1.1 The sectional head-capacity characteristic curve of each compressor section shall rise
continuously from the rated point to predicted surge. The compressor, without the use of a bypass, shall be
suitable for continuous operation at any capacity at least 10 % greater than the predicted surge capacity
shown in the proposal.
4.4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the design lubricant shall be hydrocarbon oil of viscosity Grade 32
with an FZG load stage of 5, in accordance with ISO 8068. Viscosity Grade 46 with an FZG load stage
of 5 can be used as a design lubricant, with the purchaser’s approval. Oils with extreme pressure (EP)
additives shall not be used.
NOTE Typical oil used in refineries and chemical plants has an FZG of 5 or higher. Requiring a higher FZG by
design can require the need for special oil for this equipment.
4.5 Materials
Materials shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.5.
NOTE Refer to Annex D for typical materials.
4.6 Casings
Casings shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6 and 4.6.1 to 4.6.6.
4.6.1 Pressure-containing casings
4.6.1.1 * The maximum allowable working pressure of each pressure casing shall be at least equal
to the specified relief valve set pressure for that casing. The purchaser will specify the relief valve set
pressure(s) for final discharge pressure and intermediate casing pressures, if applicable.
NOTE If only one relief valve pressure is specified, its set pressure does not usually apply to the
intermediate pressure.
4.6.1.1.1 When a relief valve set pressure is not specified, each pressure casing shall be rated for at least
125 % of the maximum specified discharge pressure (gauge) of that pressure casing as determined by the
supplier. System protection shall be furnished by the purchaser.
4.6.1.2 Socket-head or spanner-type bolting shall not be used externally unless specifically approved
by the purchaser. For limited space locations, integrally flanged fasteners might be required.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
4.6.2 Casing repair
Casings repairs shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.2.
4.6.3 Material inspection of pressure-containing parts
Casing material inspection of pressure-containing parts shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.3.
4.6.4 Pressure casing connections
Pressure casing connections shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4 and 4.6.4.1 and 4.6.4.2.
4.6.4.1 Main process connections
Main process connections shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4.2.
4.6.4.2 Auxiliary connections
4.6.4.2.1 If flanged or machined and studded openings are impractical, threaded connections can be used
where they do not come in contact with flammable or toxic gas, with the purchaser’s approval as follows:
a) on non-weldable materials, such as cast iron;
b) where essential for maintenance (disassembly and assembly).
These threaded openings shall be as specified in ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4.3.8.
4.6.4.2.2 Auxiliary connections shall be at least DN 20 (NPS 3/4-in). See 4.11.1.7 to 4.11.1.8 and Table 1
for auxiliary gearbox connections.
NOTE See ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4.1.3 for allowable connection sizes.
4.6.4.2.3 Threaded connections for pipe sizes DN 20 (NPS 3/4-in) to DN 40 (NPS 1-1/2-in) size are
permissible with the approval of the purchaser.
NOTE See ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4.1.3 for allowable connection sizes.
4.6.5 Casing support structure
The mounting of the pressure casing (volute) to the gearbox shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015,
4.4.1.7. Bolting used to mount pressure casings shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.1.7.
4.6.6 External forces and moments
4.6.6.1 The supplier shall furnish the allowable forces and moments for each main process nozzle
which has a customer connection in tabular form with the proposal. If nozzle loadings are not furnished,
they shall be no less than NEMA SM23.
NOTE 1 Forces and moments allowed on integrally geared compressors are generally less than those allowed
in ISO 10439-2 compressors (see Annex F).
NOTE 2 Piping system design needs to be rigorous in order to avoid piping expansion joints.
4.6.6.2 Pressure casing and supports shall be designed to have sufficient strength and rigidity to avoid
adversely affecting impeller running clearances, gear contact pattern, seals, bearings, and coupling alignment.
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
4.6.7 Variable inlet and/or diffuser guide vanes
4.6.7.1 * Adjustable guide vanes shall be provided when specified or required by the supplier to meet
specified operating conditions.
4.6.7.2 When provided, adjustable inlet guide vanes and operating mechanisms shall be suitable for all
specified operating conditions, as well as start-up, shutdown, trip-out, settling-out, and momentary surge.
4.6.7.2.1 Guide vanes shall be mounted in replaceable bushings. Vanes can be positioned in the housing
by replaceable permanently sealed rolling element bearings, if approved by the purchaser.
4.6.7.2.2 When adjustable guide vanes are used for toxic, flammable, or explosive process gas, then the
linkage passing through the casing or enclosure shall be sealed to prevent leakage.
4.6.7.2.3 The inlet guide vanes shall be located sufficiently close to the eye of the impeller to be effective.
4.6.7.2.4 The vane foils shall have an aerodynamically smooth surface, especially where the shank
enters the gas stream through the housing. A cantilevered design in lieu of a centre-supported vane design
is preferred.
4.6.7.2.5 The vanes shall be designed such that the vanes will tend to open on loss of the control signal.
4.6.7.2.6 A vane control system consisting of a valve positioner with direct driven local position
indicator shall be provided that will be visible during operation of the machine.
4.6.7.2.7 * Additional components to the vane control system in 4.6.7.2.6 shall be as specified.
4.6.7.3 * If specified, the actuation shaft seal shall be buffered using a barrier gas.
4.7 Rotating elements
4.7.1 Each impeller and shaft shall be clearly marked with a unique identification number. This number
shall be on an accessible area that is not prone to maintenance damage.
4.7.2 Unless other shaft protection is approved by the purchaser, renewable components shall be
furnished at close clearance points. Sleeves, spacers, or bushings shall be made of materials that are
corrosion-resistant in the specified service (see ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.5.1.6 for limitations).
4.7.2.1 Shaft sleeves shall be provided under shaft end seals. Sleeves shall be treated to resist wear and
sealed to prevent gas leakage between the shaft and sleeve.
4.7.3 Thrust loads from impellers and gears shall be absorbed by individual thrust bearings on pinions
or transmitted to the bull gear thrust bearing by means of thrust rider rings fixed to the pinions and bull
gear. All specified operating conditions and start-up conditions shall be evaluated for residual thrust loads.
NOTE Balance pistons are normally not used. Thrust balancing can be achieved by helix thrust force direction
of the gearing and offsetting impeller aerodynamic thrust forces.
4.7.4 Impeller requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.7.10.
4.8 Dynamics
Dynamics requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1.
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
4.8.1 For equipment covered in this part of ISO 14039, a lateral analysis shall be carried out for each
shaft. For the bull gear, this shall consist only of an undamped critical speed map.
4.9 Bearings and bearing housings
Bearings and bearing housings shall be in accordance with 4.9.1 to 4.9.4 and ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.9.
4.9.1 General
4.9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, radial and thrust bearings shall be of the hydrodynamic fluid film type.
4.9.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, thrust bearings and radial bearings shall be fitted with bearing-
metal temperature sensors installed in accordance with API 670.
4.9.1.2.1 As design criteria, bearing metal temperatures shall not exceed 100 °C (212 °F) at specified
operating conditions with a maximum oil inlet temperature of 50 °C (120 °F).
4.9.1.2.2 In the event the design criteria in 4.9.1.2.1 cannot be met, the purchaser and the supplier shall
agree on acceptable bearing metal temperatures.
4.9.2 Hydrodynamic radial bearings
4.9.2.1 Sleeve or pad radial bearings shall be used and shall be split for ease of assembly. The use of non-
split designs requires the purchaser’s approval. The bearings shall be precision bored with steel, copper,
cupro-nickel, or bronze-backed babbitted liners, pads, or shells. The bearings shall be equipped with anti-
rotation pins and shall be positively secured in the axial direction.
4.9.2.2 * If specified, tilting pad bearing pads shall be copper-alloy backed.
4.9.2.3 * Unless otherwise specified, the liners, pads, or shells shall be in axially split housings. The
bearing design shall not require removal of the coupling hub to permit replacement of the bearing liners,
pads, or shells unless approved by the purchaser.
4.9.3 Hydrodynamic thrust bearings
4.9.3.1 Thrust bearings can be fixed-geometry (e.g. tapered-land) or tilting-pad type, steel-backed and
babbitted, arranged for continuous pressurized lubrication to each side.
NOTE See 4.7.3 for thrust rider rings.
4.9.3.2 If specified, bearings shall be tilting pad on one or both sides.
4.9.3.3 Hydrodynamic thrust bearings shall be selected at no more than 50 % of the bearing manufacturer’s
ultimate load rating. In sizing thrust bearings, consider the following for each specified application:
a) the shaft speed;
b) the temperature of the bearing babbitt;
c) the deflection of the bearing pad;
d) the minimum oil film thickness;
e) the feed rate, viscosity, and supply conditions of the oil over the specified allowable oil supply
condition range;
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
f) the design configuration of the bearing;
g) the babbitt or other bearing surface material alloy and pad material;
h) the turbulence of the oil film;
i) load changes due to process changes over the specified operating range.
NOTE See ISO 10439-1:2015, 3.1.60 for a definition of ultimate load rating for hydrodynamic thrust bearings.
4.9.3.4 Thrust bearings shall be sized for continuous operation under the most adverse specified
operating conditions. Calculations of the thrust forces shall include, but shall not be limited to, the
following factors:
a) seal maximum design internal clearances and twice the maximum design internal clearances;
b) pressurized rotor diameter step changes;
c) stage maximum differential pressures;
d) specified extreme variations in inlet, interstage, and discharge pressures;
e) the maximum thrust force that can be transmitted to the compressor thrust bearing by other
equipment in the train (i.e. couplings, gears, or a motor without a thrust bearing);
f) the maximum thrust force from the sleeve bearing type drive if the motor or generator is
directly connected.
4.9.4 Bearing housings
4.9.4.1 The term bearing housing refers to all bearing enclosures including the gearbox.
4.9.4.2 Bearing housings for pressure-lubricated hydrodynamic bearings shall be arranged to minimize
foaming. The drain system shall be adequate to maintain the oil and foam level below shaft seals.
4.9.4.3 Oil reservoirs and housings that enclose moving lubricated parts (such as bearings and
shaft seals), highly polished parts, instruments, and control elements shall be designed to minimize
contamination by moisture, dust, and other foreign matter during periods of operation and idleness.
4.9.4.4 Provision shall be made in the bearing housings for the probes specified in 5.5.7.1.
4.10 Shaft end seals
4.10.1 Process seals and seal systems shall be in accordance with ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.10.
NOTE 1 Typical cross sections of various seal systems are given in ISO 10439-1:2015, Annex B.
NOTE 2 Equipment covered in this part can be available with any of the shaft end seal types covered in
ISO 10439-1 or additional hybrid types are available.
4.10.2 * The purchaser shall specify the type of shaft end seal(s) to be provided and all operating
conditions including start-up, shutdown, and settling-out conditions.
4.11 Integral gearing
4.11.1 The supplier shall dowel or key the gearbox to the mounting plate to maintain alignment.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
NOTE Integrally geared compressors are fixed to the mounting plate and are not to be moved for alignment
(to avoid distortion of the gearbox).
4.11.1.1 To the maximum extent practical, gearboxes shall be designed with internal oil passages
to minimize external piping. External piping connections shall conform to the requirements of
ISO 10439-1:2015, 4.6.4.3.
4.11.1.2 The design of internal piping and tubing shall achieve proper support and protection to prevent
damage from vibration or from shipment, operation, and maintenance. Cantilevered piping in excess of
10 pipe diameters shall include reinforcing gussets in two planes at all pipe-to-flange connections.
4.11.1.3 The gearbox shall be designed to permit rapid drainage of lube oil and to minimize oil foaming
(which could lead to excessive heating of the oil). For gears with pitch line velocities of more than 125 m/s
(25 000 ft/min), consideration should be given to design features such as windage baffles, false bottoms,
adequate sump depth, and an additional full-size drain connection.
4.11.1.4 A removable and gasketed inspection cover or covers shall be provided in the gearbox to permit
direct visual inspection of the full-face width of the pinion(s) and gear. The inspection opening or openings
shall be at least one-half the width of the gear face.
4.11.1.5 Permanent coatings or paint shall not be applied to the interior of the casing, unless the
purchaser approves in advance the material and method of application.
4.11.1.6 A single lube-oil supply connection is preferred.
4.11.1.7 A single lube-oil drain connection from the gear casing is preferred. The minimum drainpipe
size shall be sized to be no more than half full and shall be based on the total inlet flow to the gear casing,
as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Drain pipe sizes
a
Inlet flow rate Minimum drain size
US Gallons per
Litres per minute Millimetres Inch
minute
74 19 50 2
176 46 75 3
370 97 100 4
1 146 302 150 6
a
Nominal pipe size.
4.11.1.8 Gearboxes shall be provided with a plugged or flanged-and-blinded purge gas connection.
4.11.2 Gearbox split lines shall use a metal-to-metal joint. Adequate sealing shall be provided with a
suitable joint compound or groove-type seals. Gaskets (including string type) shall not be used on the
gearbox split lines.
4.11.3 Gear rating
4.11.3.1 When a gearbox has a gear mesh with a ratio of 7:1 or greater, all of the gearing in that gearbox
shall be rated in accordance with Annex G. All other gear sets shall be rated per API 613.
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
4.11.3.2 The rated power of the gearing shall not be less than the driver nameplate rating multiplied by
the driver service factor. When there are multiple pinions, the power rating of the gear sets shall not be
less than the following:
a) 110 % of the maximum power transmitted by the gear set.
b) The maximum power of the driver (including service factor) prorated between all the gear sets,
based on normal power demands. If the maximum transmitted torque occurs at a continuous
operating speed other than the maximum continuous speed, this torque and its corresponding
speed shall be the basis for sizing the gear set.
4.11.3.3 The power rating based upon both pitting resistance and bending strength shall be calculated
for each member of each gear set in the unit. The pinion and bull gear teeth can have different ratings due
to differences in material properties, geometry factors, and number of cycles under load. The lowest of
the four ratings (pinion bending, pinion pitting, bull gear bending, bull gear pitting) shall be used as the
gear rating (see Annex G). Wherever possible, gear sets shall be designed such that failure will occur due
to pitting rather than bending (i.e. wear out before breaking).
NOTE Higher gear ratios require a large number of teeth; therefore, it might not be possible to provide tooth
design (which will fail in pitting rather than bending) without compromising other aspects of the gear design (i.e.
higher pitchline velocities).
4.11.3.4 Gearing shall be designed and manufactured to meet the requirements of AGMA 2015-1-A01,
accuracy Grade 4.
NOTE For equivalent loading conditions, gearing produced to higher quality levels will always result in
longer service life and reduced bearing loads.
4.11.3.5 The manufacturer shall provide documentation showing that the required quality levels in
4.11.3.4 have been met.
4.11.3.6 The pinion face width to working pitch diameter ratio (L/d ratio) shall be limited based on
pinion tooth hardness, as follows:
4.11.3.6.1 For pinion hardness equal to or less than 38 Rc (BHN 354), L/d shall be limited to 2,0 maximum.
4.11.3.6.2 For pinion hardness equal to or greater than 58 Rc (BHN 615), L/d shall be limited to 1,6 maximum.
4.11.3.6.3 For pinion hardness between 38 and 58 Rc (BHN 354 and BHN 615), L/d shall be limited to
L/d = 2,76 – 0,02 × H (see Figure 1), where H is the hardness in Rockwell C.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 10439-3:2015(E)
Figure 1 — Face width limit
4.11.3.7 The material used for gearing shall meet the specifications for AGMA 2101 Grade 2 material,
as a minimum. If a superior grade of material is used, credit for the better material shall not be taken in
the gear rating.
4.11.3.8 The tooth portion of pinions shall be integral with their shafts.
4.11.3.9 The bull gear can be integral with or separate from its shaft. Separate shafts shall be assembled
into the bull gear with an interference fit suitable for all torque requirements including pulsations.
4.11.3.10 Shafts shall be made of one-piece, heat-treated steel that is suitably machined. Shafts that
have a finished diameter larger than 200 mm (8 in) shall be forged steel. Shafts that have a finished
diameter of 200 mm (8 in) or less shall be forged steel or hot rolled barstock, providing such barstock
meet
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