SIST EN 16215:2020
(Main)Animal feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis - Determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs by GC/HRMS and of indicator PCBs by GC/HRMS
Animal feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis - Determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs by GC/HRMS and of indicator PCBs by GC/HRMS
This document is applicable to the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), (together termed ‘dioxins’ (PCDD/Fs)) and dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs and ndl-PCBs) in animal feeding stuffs. Collaborative studies have been carried out. The method is suitable for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and ndl-PCBs at the appropriate MRL in compound feed and ingredients e.g. oil, mineral clay. The method is applicable to samples containing trace level amounts of one or more dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-likePCBs. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is
- 0,05 pg/g (OCDD/F = 0,1 pg/g) for the relevant individual congeners of dioxins/furans,
- 0,05 pg/g for non-ortho PCBs,
- 10 pg/g for mono-ortho PCBs, and
- 100 pg/g for non-dioxin-like-PCBs.
For determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the procedure can be used as confirmatory method as defined by Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 for dioxins and dl-PCB in feed [1]. Confirmatory methods as described in this standard are high-resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) methods. If only the analysis of non-dioxin-like PCBs is required, a GC-LRMS method can be used (e.g. EN 15741 [2]) provided that appropriate analytical performance criteria are met in the relevant range for the matrix of interest.
This document is split into four modules. Each module describes a part of the whole procedure (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) to be followed:
a) Module A: Description of standards which might be used;
b) Module B: Description of extraction procedures;
c) Module C: Description of clean-up procedures;
d) Module D: GC/HRMS determination.
Each module describes a part of the whole method as well as, when applicable, alternatives which should be equivalent. Each module has to be regarded as an example. Combining modules and/or alternatives gives a highly flexible, "performance based" procedure. It is permitted to modify the method if all performance criteria laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 [1] are met.
Any deviation of the described method, combination of modules needs to be recorded as part of the QA/QC procedures of accredited laboratories and should be available on request.
Figure 1 - Flow scheme for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and non-dioxin-like-PCBs in feed
Figure 2 - Flow scheme for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and non-dioxin-like-PCBs in oil and fat
Futtermittel - Probenahme- und Untersuchungsverfahren - Bestimmung von Dioxinen und dioxin-ähnlichen PCBs mittels GC/HRMS und von Indikator-PCBs mittels GC/HRMS
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die Bestimmung von polychlorierten Dibenzo p dioxinen (PCDD), polychlorierten Dibenzofuranen (PCDF), (zusammen als „Dioxine“ bezeichnet [PCDD/F]) und dioxin-ähnlichen PCB und nicht dioxin ähnlichen PCB (dl PCB und ndl PCB) in Futtermitteln. Ringversuche sind durchgeführt worden. Das Verfahren ist für die Bestimmung von Dioxinen, dl PCB und ndl PCB bei der entsprechenden MRL in Mischfutter und Inhaltsstoffen, z. B. Öl, Tonmineral, geeignet. Das Verfahren ist auf Proben anwendbar, die Spurenkonzentrationen von einem Dioxin oder mehreren Dioxinen, dioxin-ähnlichen PCB und nicht dioxin ähnlichen PCB enthalten. Die Bestimmungsgrenze (LOQ) beträgt
- 0,05 pg/g (OCDD/F = 0,1 pg/g) für die relevanten einzelnen Kongeneren der Dioxine/Furane,
- 0,05 pg/g für non-ortho PCB,
- 10 pg/g für mono-ortho PCB und
- 100 pg/g für nicht dioxin ähnliche PCB.
Für die Bestimmung von Dioxinen und dioxin-ähnlichen PCB kann das Verfahren, wie in der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 152/2009 der Kommission [1] für Dioxine und dl PCB in Futtermitteln festgelegt, als Bestätigungsverfahren angewendet werden. Bestätigungsverfahren, wie in dieser Norm beschrieben, sind Verfahren mit hochauflösender Gaschromatographie/hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie (HRGC/HRMS). Falls nur die Analyse der nicht dioxin ähnlichen PCB erforderlich ist, kann ein GC LRMS Verfahren (z. B. EN 15741 [2]) angewendet werden, vorausgesetzt, dass für die zu untersuchende Matrix im relevanten Bereich die entsprechenden analytischen Leistungskriterien erfüllt werden.
Dieses Dokument ist in vier Module aufgeteilt. Jedes Modul beschreibt einen Teil des gesamten Verfahrens (siehe Bild 1 und Bild 2) wie folgt:
a) Modul A: Beschreibung der Normen, die angewendet werden können;
b) Modul B: Beschreibung der Extraktionsverfahren;
c) Modul C: Beschreibung der Reinigungsverfahren;
d) Modul D: GC/HRMS Bestimmung.
Jedes Modul beschreibt einen Teil des gesamten Verfahrens sowie, falls anwendbar, Alternativen, die gleich¬wertig sein sollten. Jedes Modul muss als ein Beispiel betrachtet werden. Das Kombinieren von Modulen und/oder Alternativen ermöglicht ein hochflexibles, „leistungsbezogenes“ Verfahren. Es ist zulässig, das Verfahren zu verändern, wenn sämtliche Leistungskriterien entsprechend der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 152/2009 der Kommission [1] erfüllt werden.
Jede Abweichung vom beschriebenen Verfahren und die Kombination der Module müssen als Teil der QA/QC Verfahren von anerkannten Laboratorien aufgezeichnet werden und sollten auf Anfrage verfügbar sein.
Aliments des animaux : Méthodes d’échantillonnage et d’analyse - Dosage des dioxines, des PCB de type dioxine et des PCB indicateurs par GC/HRMS
Le présent document concerne le dosage des dibenzo-p-dioxines polychlorés (PCDD), des dibenzofuranes polychlorés (PCDF) (conjointement appelés « dioxines » (PCDD/F)) ainsi que des PCB de type dioxine et des PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine (dl-PCB et ndl-PCB) dans les aliments des animaux. Des études comparatives ont été menées. La méthode convient au dosage des dioxines, des dl PCB et des ndl-PCB à la LMR appropriée dans les aliments et les ingrédients composés tels que l’huile et l’argile minérale. La méthode est applicable aux échantillons contenant, à l’état de traces, un(e) ou plusieurs dioxines, PCB de type dioxine et PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine. La limite de quantification (LQ) est de :
- 0,05 pg/g (OCDD/F = 0,1 pg/g) pour les congénères individuels concernés des dioxines/furanes ;
- 0,05 pg/g pour les PCB non-ortho ;
- 10 pg/g pour les PCB mono-ortho ; et
- 100 pg/g pour les PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine.
Pour le dosage des dioxines et des PCB de type dioxine, le mode opératoire peut être utilisé comme méthode de confirmation, conformément aux définitions du Règlement (CE) no 152/2009 de la Commission relatif aux dioxines et aux dl-PCB dans les aliments [1]. Les méthodes de confirmation décrites dans la présente norme sont les méthodes de chromatographie en phase gazeuse haute résolution/spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (HRGC/HRMS). Si seule l’analyse des PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine est requise, une méthode GC-LRMS peut être utilisée (par exemple, EN 15741 [2]), à condition que les critères de performance analytique appropriés soient atteints dans la gamme de concentration correspondant aux aliments concernés.
Le présent document se divise en quatre modules. Chaque module décrit une partie de l’ensemble du mode opératoire (voir la Figure 1 et la Figure 2) à respecter :
a) Module A : Description des normes susceptibles d’être utilisées ;
b) Module B : Description des modes opératoires d’extraction ;
c) Module C : Description des modes opératoires de purification ;
d) Module D : Dosage par GC/HRMS.
Chaque module décrit une partie de l’ensemble de la méthode ainsi que, le cas échéant, des alternatives équivalentes. Chaque module doit être considéré comme un exemple. La combinaison des modules et/ou alternatives donne un mode opératoire très souple qui est « basé sur les performances ». Il est possible de modifier la méthode si tous les critères de performance énoncés dans le Règlement (CE) no 152/2009 de la Commission [1] sont remplis.
En cas d’écart par rapport à la méthode décrite, il est nécessaire d’enregistrer la combinaison de modules dans le cadre des procédures AQ/CQ des laboratoires accrédités et il convient que cette combinaison soit disponible sur demande.
[sans figure]
Figure 1 - Logigramme relatif au dosage des dioxines, des dl-PCB et des PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine dans les aliments
[sans figure]
Figure 2 - Logigramme relatif au dosage des dioxines, des dl-PCB et des PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine dans l’huile/la graisse
Krma: metode vzorčenja in analize - Določevanje dioksinov in dioksinu podobnih PCB z GC/HRMS in indikatorjev PCB z GC/HRMS
Ta dokument se uporablja za določevanje polikloriranih dibenzo-p-dioksinov (PCDD), polikloriranih dibenzofuranov (PCDF) (s skupnim imenom »dioksini« (PCDD/F)) ter dioksinom podobnih polikloriranih bifenilov in dioksinom nepodobnih polikloriranih bifenilov (dl-PCB in ndl-PCB) v krmi. Izvedene so bile medlaboratorijske študije. Metoda je primerna za določevanje dioksinov, dioksinom podobnih polikloriranih bifenilov in dioksinom nepodobnih polikloriranih bifenilov v krmi in sestavinah, na primer olju ter mineralni glini, pri ustrezni mejni vrednosti ostankov. Metoda se uporablja za vzorce, ki vsebujejo enega ali več dioksinov, dioksinom podobne poliklorirane bifenile in dioksinom nepodobne poliklorirane bifenile v sledovih. Mejne vrednosti kvantifikacije (LOQ) so:
– 0,05 pg/g (OCDD/F = 0,1 pg/g) za ustrezne posamezne analoge dioksinov/furanov,
– 0,05 pg/g za neorto poliklorirane bifenile,
– 10 pg/g za za monoorto poliklorirane bifenile in
– 100 pg/g za dioksinom nepodobne poliklorirane bifenile.
Pri določevanju dioksinov in dioksinom podobnih polikloriranih bifenilov je postopke mogoče uporabiti kot potrditveno metodo v skladu z Uredbo Komisije (ES) št. 152/2009 za dioksine in dioksinom podobne poliklorirane bifenile v krmi [1]. Potrditvene metode, kot je opisano v tem standardu, so metode visokoločljivostne plinske kromatografije/visokoločljivostne masne spektrometrije (HRGC/HRMS). Če je potrebna samo analiza dioksinom nepodobnih polikloriranih bifenilov, je mogoče uporabiti metodo plinske kromatografije/nizkoločljivostne masne spektrometrije (GC-LRMS) (npr. EN 15741 [2]) pod pogojem, da so za zadevno matriko v ustreznem območju izpolnjena ustrezna merila analitskega izvajanja.
Ta dokument je razdeljen v štiri module. Vsak modul opisuje del celotnega postopka (glej sliki 1 in 2), ki ga je treba upoštevati:
a) Modul A: opis standardov, ki se lahko uporabljajo;
b) Modul B: opis postopkov za ekstrakcijo;
c) Modul C: opis postopkov za očiščenje;
d) Modul D: določitev s plinsko kromatografijo/visokoločljivostno masno spektrometrijo.
Vsak modul opisuje del celotne metode in, kadar je to primerno, alternative, ki naj bodo enakovredne. Posamezni modul je treba obravnavati kot primer. S kombinacijo modulov in/ali alternativ se oblikuje izredno prilagodljiv postopek, ki temelji na učinkovitosti. Metodo je mogoče spremeniti, če so izpolnjena vsa merila učinkovitosti, ki so navedena v Uredbi Komisije (ES) št. 152/2009 [1]. V primeru odstopanj od opisane metode je treba kombinacijo modulov zabeležiti kot del postopkov za zagotavljanje in nadzor kakovosti (QA/QC) akreditiranih laboratorijev, ki naj bo na voljo za zahtevo.
Slika 1 – Shema poteka za določevanje dioksinov, dioksinom podobnih polikloriranih bifenilov in dioksinom nepodobnih polikloriranih bifenilov v krmi
Slika 2 – Shema poteka za določevanje dioksinov, dioksinom podobnih polikloriranih bifenilov in dioksinom nepodobnih polikloriranih bifenilov v olju in maščobi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16215:2012
Krma: metode vzorčenja in analize - Določevanje dioksinov in dioksinu podobnih
PCB z GC/HRMS in indikatorjev PCB z GC/HRMS
Animal feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis - Determination of dioxins and
dioxin-like PCBs by GC/HRMS and of indicator PCBs by GC/HRMS
Futtermittel - Probenahme- und Untersuchungsverfahren - Bestimmung von Dioxinen
und dioxin-ähnlichen PCBs mittels GC/HRMS und von Indikator-PCBs mittels GC/HRMS
Aliments des animaux : Méthodes d’échantillonnage et d’analyse - Dosage des dioxines,
des PCB de type dioxine et des PCB indicateurs par GC/HRMS
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16215:2020
ICS:
65.120 Krmila Animal feeding stuffs
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16215
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 65.120 Supersedes EN 16215:2012
English Version
Animal feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis -
Determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs by
GC/HRMS and of indicator PCBs by GC/HRMS
Aliments des animaux : Méthodes d'échantillonnage et Futtermittel - Probenahme- und
d'analyse - Dosage des dioxines, des PCB de type Untersuchungsverfahren - Bestimmung von Dioxinen
dioxine et des PCB indicateurs par GC/HRMS und dioxin-ähnlichen PCBs mittels GC/HRMS und von
Indikator-PCBs mittels GC/HRMS
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16215:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Principle . 9
5 Reagents . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Dioxins, furans, non-ortho PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs and
their labelled analogues . 10
6 Apparatus . 10
7 Sampling . 10
8 Preparation of test sample . 11
9 Procedure. 11
9.1 General . 11
9.2 Animal feed stuff sample and oil/fat sample . 11
10 Extraction . 11
10.1 General . 11
10.2 Module BI Extraction using automated Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE) system . 12
10.3 Module BII: Manual extraction procedure . 13
11 Clean-up . 14
11.1 General . 14
11.2 Module CI: Automated clean-up . 16
11.3 Module CII: Manual sample clean-up, removal of fat and group separation . 19
11.4 Additional clean-up-steps for fraction A and fraction B of module CII . 22
11.5 Module CIII: Removal of matrix, manual sample clean-up and group separation . 24
12 Module D: Gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometer (GC-HRMS) . 29
12.1 General . 29
12.2 Reagents and materials . 29
12.3 Procedure. 29
13 Calculation and expression of results . 31
13.1 General . 31
13.2 Calibration by Isotope Dilution . 31
13.3 Linearity . 31
13.4 Calibration criteria . 31
13.5 Identification and confirmation. 31
13.6 Calculation . 32
13.7 Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) values . 33
13.8 Recovery . 36
14 Precision . 36
15 Test report . 38
Annex A (informative) Description of PTV injection system . 39
A.1 Large volume injection (100 µl) – GC-HRMS Calibration mixtures dioxins and non-
ortho PCBs . 39
A.2 Sample preparation procedure . 40
A.3 PTV injection conditions using 100 µl injection . 40
Annex B (informative) Description of standards and concentration of the standard
solutions . 41
B.1 CAS Registry numbers for dioxins, furans, non-ortho PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs and
non-dioxin-like PCBs and their labelled analogues . 41
B.2 Standard solutions . 42
B.3 GC-standard solutions . 45
Annex C (informative) Example of automated procedure . 48
Annex D (informative) Mass spectrometer (MS) . 50
Annex E (informative) Use of additional clean-up after fractionation using a small multi-
layer silica column . 54
E.1 Preparation of the silica mixtures . 54
E.2 Preparation of the small multi-layer column . 54
Bibliography . 55
European foreword
This document (EN 16215:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 327 “Animal
feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16215:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— incorrect technical details have been corrected,
— references have been updated,
— inconsistencies were removed, and
— editorial adaptations have been made.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The previous version of this document was developed in response to Directive 2002/32/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed. The
document provides analytical laboratories active in the field of feed analysis with guidance for the
analysis of dioxins and PCBs and meets criteria as set in Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27
January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed.
In this updated version, obvious mistakes were corrected.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document is applicable to the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs),
polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), (together termed ‘dioxins’ (PCDD/Fs)) and dioxin-like PCBs and
non-dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs and ndl-PCBs) in animal feeding stuffs. Collaborative studies have been
carried out. The method is suitable for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and ndl-PCBs at the
appropriate MRL in compound feed and ingredients e.g. oil, mineral clay. The method is applicable to
samples containing trace level amounts of one or more dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-likePCBs.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) is
— 0,05 pg/g (OCDD/F = 0,1 pg/g) for the relevant individual congeners of dioxins/furans,
— 0,05 pg/g for non-ortho PCBs,
— 10 pg/g for mono-ortho PCBs, and
— 100 pg/g for non-dioxin-like-PCBs.
For determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the procedure can be used as confirmatory method as
defined by Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 for dioxins and dl-PCB in feed [1]. Confirmatory
methods as described in this standard are high-resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass
spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) methods. If only the analysis of non-dioxin-like PCBs is required, a GC-LRMS
method can be used (e.g. EN 15741 [2]) provided that appropriate analytical performance criteria are
met in the relevant range for the matrix of interest.
This document is split into four modules. Each module describes a part of the whole procedure (see
Figure 1 and Figure 2) to be followed:
a) Module A: Description of standards which might be used;
b) Module B: Description of extraction procedures;
c) Module C: Description of clean-up procedures;
d) Module D: GC/HRMS determination.
Each module describes a part of the whole method as well as, when applicable, alternatives which should
be equivalent. Each module has to be regarded as an example. Combining modules and/or alternatives
gives a highly flexible, “performance based” procedure. It is permitted to modify the method if all
performance criteria laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 [1] are met.
Any deviation of the described method, combination of modules needs to be recorded as part of the
QA/QC procedures of accredited laboratories and should be available on request.
Figure 1 — Flow scheme for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and non-dioxin-like-PCBs in
feed
Figure 2 — Flow scheme for the determination of dioxins, dl-PCBs and non-dioxin-like-PCBs in
oil and fat
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 6498, Animal feeding stuffs - Guidelines for sample preparation (ISO 6498)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia. available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
limit of detection
smallest measured content, from which it is possible to deduce the presence of the analyte with
reasonable statistical certainty
Note 1 to entry: The limit of detection is numerically equal to three times the standard deviation of the mean of
blank determinations (n > 10).
3.2
limit of quantification
lowest content of the analyte that can be measured with reasonable statistical certainty
Note 1 to entry: If both accuracy and precision are constant over a concentration range around the limit of
detection, then the limit of quantification is numerically equal to six times the standard deviation of the mean of
blank determinations (n > 10).
Note 2 to entry: For dl-PCBs and PCDD/F: Use correct definition for limit of quantification for each congener as
in Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 [1].
Note 3 to entry: Limit of quantification should be in the range of about one fifth of the level of interest.
3.3
feed additives
substances that comply with the definition of feed additives given in the Commission Regulation (EC) No
1831/2003 [3]
3.4
upper, middle and lower bound concentrations for WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ and WHO-PCB-TEQ
concentrations calculated assuming that all values of the different congeners less than the limit of
quantification are equal to the limit of quantification
Note 1 to entry: For lower bound concentrations LOQ = 0 is used. For middle bound concentrations 1/2 LOQ is
used.
4 Principle
A test portion of animal feeding stuff or ingredient is fortified with C labelled internal standards
(dioxins, furans, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs) and extracted using a manual or an
automated method.
After automated or manual clean-up an aliquot of the extract is concentrated and injected into a GC-HRMS
using a split less injector (an alternative here is PTV injection (Programmed Temperature Vaporizer
injection)), see the NOTE below.
Quantification is based on isotope dilution.
Preconditions of combining modules for extraction and clean-up are:
a) for each extraction module an equal sample intake of 10 g for feed or feed ingredients with a fat
content ≤ 25 % or 2,5 g fat or oil is required;
b) in order to achieve the required LOQ for dioxins a final volume of 10 μl in combination with an
injection volume of 2 μl is required. If a different injection volume is applied, the final volume has to
be adjusted directly proportional.
NOTE In case more sensitivity is necessary or less volume reduction is wanted, injection of a larger volume by
PTV (an example is described in Annex A) or higher sample intake is possible (see also 9.2.2 NOTE).
5 Reagents
5.1 General
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and with purity suitable for dioxin and PCB residue
analysis. Check the purity of the reagents and reference materials (e.g. standard solutions) by performing
a blank test under the same conditions as used in the method. The chromatogram should not show any
interfering impurity at the retention time of compounds of interest.
5.2 Dioxins, furans, non-ortho PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs and
their labelled analogues
— C-spiking solution for PCDD/F (internal standard);
— C-spiking solution for PCB (internal standard);
— calibration solutions PCDD/F;
— calibration solutions PCB;
— recovery standard PCDD/F;
— recovery standard PCB.
See Annex B for a description of standards and concentrations of the standard solutions.
6 Apparatus
All technical descriptions are examples of possible system setups and parameters and should be scaled
or adopted to the user’s equipment.
6.1 Evaporator, suitable for volumes up to 200 ml and inlet for nitrogen gas.
6.2 Evaporator tubes, end point about 0,5 ml.
6.3 Homogenizer.
6.4 Pasteur pipette, borosilicate glass, approx. length 150 mm.
6.5 Vortex mixer.
6.6 Measuring cylinder, borosilicate glass, 100 ml, 2 ml graduations with a precision of ± 0,5 ml.
6.7 Measuring cylinder, borosilicate glass, glass-stoppered, 25 ml, 1 ml graduation with a precision
of ± 0,5 ml graduation and 50 ml, 2 ml graduation with a precision of ± 0,5 ml graduation.
7 Sampling
The sample should be truly representative and not damaged or changed during transport or storage.
Sampling is not part of the method specified in this document. A recommended sampling method is given
in EN ISO 6497 [4].
8 Preparation of test sample
Prepare the test sample in accordance with EN ISO 6498.
Dry or low moisture products such as cereals and cereal products, mixed feeds, and hay should be ground
carefully so that it passes completely through a sieve with 1 mm apertures. Mix thoroughly.
High moisture products such as grasses and silages and liquid feed should be (freeze-)dried and after that
ground carefully so that it passes completely through a sieve with 1 mm apertures. Mix thoroughly.
Oil / fat are directly dissolved in n-hexane.
9 Procedure
9.1 General
Analyse the following samples in each series:
— procedure blank (n = 1);
— (certified) reference material at appropriate level or a home-made reference sample;
— all samples (maximum 20).
The procedure blank should be free of contaminants at or above the limits of quantification.
9.2 Animal feed stuff sample and oil/fat sample
9.2.1 10 g animal feed stuff sample (12 % moisture content)
Weigh an appropriate amount, e.g. 10,0 g (±0,10 g) of the prepared test sample into a 100 ml glass vial.
Sample amount is based on 12 % moisture content. If extracting by Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE),
add 3 g diatomaceous earth and mix thoroughly. Fortify the sample with 500 µl C-DIOXNOP-2 (Annex B,
B.2.31) and 500 µl C-MOPIP-2 (Annex B, B.2.33) and incubate until solvent has been evaporated and
continue at 10.2 (module BI) or 10.3 (module BII). For samples with more than 25 % fat, the sample
intake should be reduced proportionally.
9.2.2 2,5 g oil/fat sample
Weigh an appropriate amount, e.g. 2,5 g (±0,10 g) of the oil/fat sample into graduated cylinder of 25 ml
13 13
(6.7). Fortify the sample with 500 µl C-DIOXNOP-2 (Annex B, B.2.31) and 500 µl C-MOPIP-2 (Annex B,
B.2.33). Fill the graduated cylinder to 25 ml with n-hexane. Close the graduated cylinder with a glass
stopper and mix thoroughly. Continue sample clean-up procedure at paragraph 11.2 (module CI) or 11.3
(module CII) or 11.5 (module CIII).
NOTE The calculation in 13.6 is based on sample intake of 10 g for feed with fat content of ≤ 25 % and 2,5 g for
fat and oil. Deviations of sample intake can be considered in the formulas in 13.6 (M = sample intake in gram).
10 Extraction
10.1 General
The sample amount used for extraction may vary from 5 g to 50 g depending on the expected level of
contamination. However, the calculation in 13.6 is based on sample intake of 10 g for feed with fat content
of ≤ 25 % and 2,5 g for fat and oil. Deviations of sample intake should be considered in the formula’s in
13.6 (M = sample intake in gram).
The internal standard consisting of C-labelled congeners listed in Table B.1 shall be added directly onto
the sample before extraction, or onto the oil sample before clean-up.
The extraction procedure is carried out using Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE) with consecutively
toluene and a mixture of toluene/ethanol (module BI) or Soxhlet extraction (module BII). Duration of
extraction should be adjusted according to kind and amount of sample used. The minimum requirement
for Soxhlet extraction is 50 extraction cycles.
Other extraction techniques like microwave assisted extraction can also be used but shall be of proven
equal performance.
10.2 Module BI Extraction using automated Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE) system
10.2.1 Reagents and materials
10.2.1.1 Diatomaceous earth.
10.2.1.2 n-Hexane, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.2.1.3 Toluene, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.2.1.4 Ethanol, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.2.1.5 Toluene/ethanol, in volume portions of 9/1.
Mix 900 ml toluene (10.2.1.3) with 100 ml ethanol (10.2.1.4) thoroughly. Store at room temperature in a
tightly closed bottle. The solution is tenable under these conditions for at least 1 year.
10.2.1.6 Anhydrous sodium sulphate, heated at 160 °C for at least 24 h.
10.2.1.7 Nitrogen.
10.2.1.8 Silanised glass wool.
10.2.1.9 Apparatus.
10.2.1.10 Pressurized Fluid Extraction apparatus.
The apparatus shall be able to extract the samples at 100 °C and 10 MPa.
10.2.1.11 Pressurized Fluid Extraction cell, e.g. 30 to 40 ml.
10.2.1.12 Measuring cylinder, borosilicate glass, 25 ml, 1 ml graduation with a precision of ± 0,5 ml.
10.2.1.13 Funnel.
10.2.1.14 Evaporator, suitable for volumes up to 200 ml and inlet for nitrogen gas.
10.2.1.15 Evaporator tubes, 0,5 ml end point.
10.2.2 Procedure
Put the sample (9.2.1) in a Pressurized Fluid Extraction cell (10.2.1.11) and fill with diatomaceous earth
(10.2.1.1) and place the extraction cell into the Pressurized Fluid Extraction apparatus (10.2.1.10). For
the extraction the following parameters could be used:
— temperature 100 °C;
— pressure 10 MPa;
— preheat 0 min;
— heat 5 min;
— static 15 min;
— flush 40 vol. % of extraction cell, e.g. for a 33 ml extraction cell = 13,2 ml;
— purge 300 s;
— cycles 3;
— solvent cycle 1 toluene (10.2.1.3);
— solvent cycles 2 and 3 toluene/ethanol in volume portions of 9/1 (10.2.1.4).
Combine solvent obtained with each cycle and filter over a funnel (10.2.1.13) equipped with a glass wool
plug (10.2.1.8) and 5 g pre-dried sodium sulphate (10.2.1.6). Evaporate the filtrate using an evaporator
(10.2.1.14) until an end volume of 0,5 ml. Take the sample extract from the evaporator tube and place in
a glass-stoppered graduated 25 ml cylinder (6.7) and wash the evaporator tube 5 times with 4 ml n-
hexane each time (i.e. 20 ml total) (10.2.1.2). The n-hexane is added to graduated cylinder containing the
sample extract. Bring the volume to 25 ml with n-hexane (10.2.1.2), close the graduated cylinder with the
glass stopper and mix thoroughly. Continue sample clean-up procedure using the automated procedure
(module CI, 11.2) or at paragraph using the manual method (module CII, 11.3 or module CIII, 11.5).
NOTE Comparable techniques in combination with appropriate parameters can be used provided that
Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 [1] is obeyed.
10.3 Module BII: Manual extraction procedure
10.3.1 Reagents and materials
10.3.1.1 DCM, dichloromethane, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.3.1.2 Toluene, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.3.1.3 Ethanol, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.3.1.4 n-Hexane, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
10.3.1.5 Toluene/ethanol, in volume portions of 9/1.
Mix 900 ml toluene (10.2.1.2) with 100 ml ethanol (10.2.1.3) thoroughly. Store at room temperature in a
tightly closed bottle. The solution is tenable under these conditions for at least 1 year.
10.3.1.6 Anhydrous sodium sulphate, heated at 160 °C for at least 24 h.
10.3.1.7 Measuring cylinder, borosilicate glass, 25 ml, 1 ml graduation with a precision of ± 0,5 ml.
10.3.1.8 Silanised glass wool
10.3.2 Apparatus
10.3.2.1 Extraction thimbles, cleaned by extracting in Soxhlet extractor for 2 h with DCM (10.3.1.1).
10.3.2.2 Recirculating cooler.
10.3.2.3 Soxhlet extractor.
10.3.2.4 Heating apparatus, e.g. mantle.
10.3.2.5 Anti-bumping granules.
10.3.2.6 Round bottom flask (RBF), borosilicate glass, 500 ml.
10.3.2.7 Funnel, standard, 150 mm, 80 mm diameter, borosilicate glass.
10.3.2.8 Evaporator, suitable for volumes up to 200 ml and inlet for nitrogen gas.
10.3.2.9 Evaporator tubes, 0,5 ml end point.
10.3.3 Procedure
Wash the Soxhlet extractor (10.3.2.3) including round bottom flasks (RBF) (10.3.2.6) subsequently with
toluene (10.3.1.2) and dichloromethane (DCM) (10.3.1.1) Switch on the refrigerated recirculator
(10.3.2.2) and leave to cool. Put sample (9.2.1) in the prepared extraction thimble (10.3.2.1) and place
thimbles (10.3.2.1) plugged with silanised glass wool (10.3.1.8) into Soxhlet extractor (10.3.2.3). Add
200 ml toluene (10.3.1.2) and 3 - 6 anti-bumping granules (10.3.2.5) to the RBF (10.3.2.6) and place into
heating mantle (10.3.2.4). Connect all the Soxhlet extractor together including the condenser and check
all seals are tight. Set the Soxhlets running at a rate of 5 cycles per hour to 7 cycles per hour. Leave the
Soxhlets extracting for 4 h.
Switch off heating mantles and allow apparatus to cool and remove the RBF containing toluene from the
Soxhlet apparatus. Add 200 ml toluene/ethanol (10.3.1.5) and 3 anti-bumping granules to 6 anti-
bumping granules (10.3.2.5) to a new RBF (10.3.2.6) and place into heating mantle (10.3.2.4). Connect all
the Soxhlet equipment together including the condenser and check all seals are tight. Set the Soxhlet
running at a rate of 5 cycles per hour to 7 cycles per hour. Leave the Soxhlet extracting for 16 h until 20 h
or overnight.
Switch off heating mantles and allow apparatus to cool and combine the toluene extract and the
toluene/ethanol extract. Filter the Soxhlet extract through a funnel equipped with a silanised glass wool
plug (10.3.1.8) and 5 g anhydrous sodium sulphate (10.3.1.6). Evaporate the filtrate using an evaporator
(6.1) until the solvent has evaporated (approximately 0,5 ml). Take the sample extract from the
evaporator tube and place in a glass-stoppered graduated 25 ml cylinder (6.7) and wash the evaporator
tube 5 times with 4 ml n-hexane each time (i.e. 20 ml total) (10.3.1.4). The n-hexane is added to graduated
cylinder containing the sample extract. Bring the volume to 25 ml with n-hexane (10.3.1.4), close the
graduated cylinder with the glass stopper and mix thoroughly. Continue sample clean-up procedure using
the automated procedure (module CI, 11.2) or at paragraph using the manual method (module CII, 11.3
or module CIII, 11.5).
NOTE Comparable techniques, e.g. Twisselmann technique (hot extraction) in combination with appropriate
parameters can be used provided that Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 [1] is obeyed. In addition, the
azeotropic mixture of toluene/ethanol in volume portions of 3/7 can be used.
11 Clean-up
11.1 General
The use of clean-up methods is indispensable for an appropriate preparation of the sample extract for
the subsequent quantitative determination. Clean-up procedures have to concentrate PCDDs/PCDFs and
dioxin-like PCBs in the extracts and to remove interfering matrix components present in the raw extract.
Below principles of frequently used clean-up techniques are briefly described.
11.1.1 Gel permeation chromatography
The interesting molecular weight range for PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs of 200 g/mol to
500 g/mol can be isolated from larger molecules such as fat / oil and polymers which might overload
other clean-up methods.
11.1.2 Multi-layer column
This method consists of multi-layer column liquid chromatography using silica with different activity
grades and surface modifications. Compounds with different chemical properties than PCDDs/PCDFs and
dioxin-like PCBs can be removed.
11.1.3 Sulphuric acid treatment
A direct treatment of the sample extract for removal of oxidizable co-extractives with sulphuric acid is
possible but is not recommended due to safety reasons. Furthermore, this method should be carried out
very carefully to avoid losses of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs on the formed carboniferous
surfaces. This procedure is not described within this standard but might be used for initial treatment of
very dirty oil or fat samples e.g. frying oil.
11.1.4 Activated carbon column
This method consists of column adsorption chromatography using activated carbon and may be used to
separate planar PCDD/PCDF and coplanar PCB molecules from mono-ortho PCB and other interfering
non-planar molecules. Additionally, activated carbon can also be used to clean the PCDD/PCDDF fraction
or separate non-ortho PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs.
11.1.5 Alumina column
A method concerning column fluid chromatography on alumina of different activity grade and
acidity/basicity. Interfering compounds with small differences in polarity or structure compared to
PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs can be removed. Additionally, alumina columns can be used to
separate PCDDs/PCDFs from dioxin-like PCBs.
11.1.6 Florisil column
Column fluid chromatography on Florisil of different activity grade can be used to separate PCDDs/PCDFs
from PCBs, also dioxin-like PCBs and other interfering compounds with small differences in polarity or
structure compared to PCDDs/PCDFs.
11.1.7 Procedure sample clean-up
Proven clean-up procedures shall be used containing normally two or more of the above described
techniques which can be combined in different orders. A detailed description of the automated clean-up
procedure is given in Module CI (automated method). In module CII and module CIII manual methods are
described, where module CII describes the clean-up over a mixed silica column followed by an activated
carbon column where non-ortho PCB, PCDDs/PCDFs are separated from mono-ortho PCBs and non-
dioxin-like PCBs. Module CIII describes the clean-up procedure using mixed silica followed by GPC or
Florisil. Other methods can also be used but shall be of proven equal performance as the methods
described in modules C.
11.2 Module CI: Automated clean-up
11.2.1 General
The purification method consists of a comprehensive automated system. Extracts are transferred by a
pump to the system and purified consecutively on an acid silica column, a neutral silica column, a basic
alumina column and an activated carbon/ diatomaceous earth column. For the elution of the columns,
custom made solvents and mixtures are used: n-hexane, n-hexane/dichloromethane in volume portions
of 1/1, ethyl acetate/toluene in volume portions of 1/1 and toluene. For a more detailed description of
the several steps, see Annex C.
After the automated procedure two fractions are obtained: mono-ortho substituted PCBs and non-dioxin-
like-PCBs (Fraction A) and planar PCDD/Fs and non-ortho substitute PCBs (Fraction B). For additional
clean-up especially in case of dirty complex samples (oxidized fat/oil) a small multi-layer silica column
might be used.
11.2.2 Reagents and materials
11.2.2.1 Toluene, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
11.2.2.2 n-Hexane, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
11.2.2.3 Dichloromethane, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
11.2.2.4 Ethyl acetate, for dioxin and PCB analysis.
11.2.2.5 Ethyl acetate/toluene, in volume portions of 1/1.
Mix 1 l ethyl acetate (11.2.2.4) with 1 l toluene (11.2.2.1) thoroughly. Store at room temperature in a
tightly closed bottle. The solution is tenable under these conditions for at least 1 year.
11.2.2.6 Dichloromethane/n-hexane, in volume portions of 1/1.
Mix 1 l dichloromethane (11.2.2.3) with 1 l n-hexane (11.2.2.2) thoroughly. Store at room temperature in
a tightly closed bottle. The solution is tenable under these conditions for at least 5 years if the weight is
carefully controlled by the addition of solvent to replace any losses due to evaporation.
11.2.2.7 Iso-octane, HPLC-grade.
11.2.2.8 Sulphuric acid H SO , 96 %, 1,84 specific gravity.
2 4
11.2.2.9 63-200 silica mesh size 63 µm to 200 µm.
11.2.2.10 NaOH pellets.
11.2.2.11 NaOH, 1 mol/l.
Dissolve 40,0 g NaOH pellets (11.2.2.10) in 1 l water.
11.2.2.12 High capacity disposable acidic silica columns (packed with 45 g of acidic silica).
High capacity disposable acidic silica is prepared by mixing concentrated H SO (11.2.2.8) with 63-
2 4
200 silica (11.2.2.9) in volume/mass portions of 11/25 and shaking until free flowing and free of clumps.
Before acidifying silica is baked at 500 °C for 5 h.
11.2.2.13 Neutral silica
Neutral silica is prepared by mixing DI water with 63-200 silica (11.2.2.9) in volume/mass portions of
1/19 ratio and shaking until free flowing and free of clumps.
11.2.2.14 Basic silica
Base modified silica is prepared by mixing 1 mol/l NaOH (11.2.2.11) with 63-200 silica (11.2.2.9) in
volume/mass portions of 3/10 and shaking until free flowing and free of clumps.
11.2.2.15 Carbon AX-21.
11.2.2.16 Celite.
11.2.2.17 Methanol, glass distilled.
11.2.3 Apparatus
11.2.3.1 Automated sample clean-up system
The system shall be able to clean samples automatically on respectively a silica, alumina and carbon
column using different solvents.
11.2.3.2 High capacity disposable acidic silica column, e.g. Fluid Management System, Watertown,
USA (see 11.2.4.3 NOTE 1).
11.2.3.3 Mixed bed silica column.
11.2.3.4 Alumina column, 11 g of basic alumina.
Alumina is activated at 1 000 °C for 12 h.
11.2.3.5 Carbon column, 0,34 g of carbon AX-21/Celite mixture.
Carbon AX-21 (11.2.2.15) is washed with methanol (11.2.2.17) and let dry and then baked at 130 °C for
72 h. Mixture is prepared in mass portions of 2/23, carbon/Celite.
11.2.3.6 Connection fitting for high capacity disposable acidic silica column.
11.2.3.7 Connection fitting for mixed bed silica, alumina and carbon columns.
11.2.3.8 GC-autosampler vial, approximately 2 ml.
11.2.3.9 Flat bottom micro inserts, approximately 0,2 ml.
11.2.3.10 Evaporator, suitable for volumes up to 200 ml and inlet for nitrogen gas.
11.2.3.11 Evaporator tubes, 0,5 ml end point.
11.2.4 Procedure
11.2.4.1 Use an automated clean-up system which is designed to extract and clean-up of toxic
compounds such as dioxins, furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and non-dioxin-like PCBs from environmental, food
or feed samples.
To the 25 ml sample extracts (prepared according to paragraph (9.2.2) or (10.2) or (10.3)) 50 µl clean-
up standard Cl – 2,3,7,8 TCDD (Annex B, B.2.3) is added and homogenized (6.3). The graduated
cylinder with the n-hexane diluted sample extract is placed in the automated sample clean-up (11.2.3.1)
In 24 automated steps the sample is cleaned and the mono-ortho PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs are
collected in fraction ‘A’. In fraction ‘B’ the dioxins/furans and non-ortho PCBs are collected. In Table D.1
the 24 automated sample clean-up steps are described, see Annex D.
In the first 13 steps the system (columns and tubing) is washed with solvent. Step 1 to step 4 uses n-
hexane (11.2.2.2) for washing and step 5 for conditioning the combination of the high capacity disposable
acidic silica column (11.2.3.2) and the mixed bed silica column (11.2.3.3). In step 6 and step 7 toluene
(11.2.2.1) is used for cleaning the tubing and the carbon column. Furthermore, in step 8 and step 9 and
step 10 and step 11 tubing and carbon column are flushed with mixtures of solvents with decreasing
polarity to finish with n-hexane (11.2.2.2) in step 12 and step 13. Step 14 includes the transfer of sample
extract through the combined silica columns to the alumina column (11.2.3.4). Step 15 elutes the
combined silica and alumina columns with n-hexane (11.2.2.2). The contaminants are trapped in the
alumina column. In step 16 tubing is flushed with dichloromethane/n-hexane (11.2.2.6). In step 17 the
alumina column is eluted with dichloromethane/n-hexane (11.2.2.6). The eluting compounds are
directed to the carbon column (11.2.3.5). Mono-ortho PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs go through the
carbon column and are collected in fraction ’A’. Step 18 and step 19 are for flushing the tubing and the
carbon column with ethyl acetate/toluene (11.2.2.5). Instep 20 and step 21 the same tubing and column
is flushed with n-hexane (11.2.2.2). Step 22 involves washing the tubing with toluene (11.2.2.1). In
step 23 the carbon column is eluted in the reverse direction using toluene (11.2.2.1) and fraction ‘B’ is
collected. At the end of the procedure (step 24), the tubing is washed with n-hexane (11.2.2.2).
11.2.4.2 Fraction ‘A’ is collected in 200 ml graduated glass evaporator tube. Place the evaporator tube
(6.2) containing the extract into the evaporator (6.1) unit with the bath temperature at 40 °C ± 2 °C, and
set the nitrogen pressure to ~0,7 bar. Select sensor end point detection and begin concentration. Be
aware that the displayed pressure may fall below 0,7 bar during use. When the volume has reduced by
about one quarter, one half and three quarters, wash the evaporator tube (6.2) interior walls each time
with iso-octane (11.2.2.7, 5 ml to 10 ml) from a wash bottle and re-concentrate. When the end point is
reached, wash the tube walls again with iso-octane (11.2.2.7, 5 ml to 10 ml), swirl and concentrate. Repeat
twice more to remove. Finally, when the end point is again reached, remove the tube from the evaporator.
To fraction ‘A’ 100 µl TCDD-RS-VI (Annex B, B.2.20) is added and the evaporator tube is washed with 2 ml
iso-octane (11.2.2.7) and mixed on a vortex mixer (6.5). Then fraction ‘A’ is concentrated to an
appropriate volume, e.g. 25 µl to 50 µl and transferred to a GC auto sampler-vial (11.2.3.8) with a flat
bottom micro insert (11.2.3.9). Continue at module D: paragraph 12, GC-HRMS.
NOTE For additional clean-up especially in case of dirty complex samples (oxidized fat/oil) a small multi-layer
silica column could be used as described in 11.5.6 or in Annex E provided that Commission Regulation (EC)
No 152/2009 [1] is obeyed.
11.2.4.3 Fraction ‘B’ is collected in 200 ml graduated glass evaporator tube. Place the evaporator tube
(6.2) containing the extract into the evaporator (6.1) unit with the bath temperature at 40 °C ± 2 °C, and
set the compressed air pressure to ~0,7 bar. Select sensor end-p
...
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