SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
Graphic technology - Print product metadata for PDF files - Part 1: Architecture and core requirements for metadata
Graphic technology - Print product metadata for PDF files - Part 1: Architecture and core requirements for metadata
ISO 21812-1 can be used to communicate the intended appearance of print products and their components. Examples of intended use are: direct interpretation within a production process, creation of job tickets such as XJDF, or populating records in an MIS. This document builds on the DPart syntax as specified in ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT) and ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0) which is designed for encoding metadata related to pages or groups of pages in PDF files.
Technologie graphique - Métadonnées des produits d'impression pour les fichiers PDF - Partie 1: Architecture et exigences principales pour les métadonnées
Grafična tehnologija - Metapodatki tiskovin za datoteke PDF - 1. del: Arhitektura in osnovne zahteve za metapodatke
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
01-april-2020
Grafična tehnologija - Metapodatki tiskovin za datoteke PDF - 1. del: Arhitektura in
osnovne zahteve za metapodatke
Graphic technology - Print product metadata for PDF files - Part 1: Architecture and core
requirements for metadata
Technologie graphique - Métadonnées des produits d'impression pour les fichiers PDF -
Partie 1: Architecture et exigences principales pour les métadonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 21812-1:2019
ICS:
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
37.100.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
grafično tehnologijo graphic technology
SIST ISO 21812-1:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21812-1
First edition
2019-06
Graphic technology — Print product
metadata for PDF files —
Part 1:
Architecture and core requirements
for metadata
Technologie graphique — Métadonnées des produits d'impression
pour les fichiers PDF —
Partie 1: Architecture et exigences principales pour les métadonnées
Reference number
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Notation . 2
4.1 Keywords . 2
4.2 Cardinality . 2
4.3 Values of lists . 2
4.4 XPath Notation . 3
5 Conformance . 3
6 Technical requirements . 3
6.1 Encoding metadata keys . 3
6.2 Encoding metadata values . 4
6.2.1 Mapping of the encoding of XJDF Intent . 4
6.2.2 Encoding of XML . 4
6.3 Document part (DPart) hierarchy . 5
6.4 Defining metadata within a DPart . 5
6.5 Registered second class name prefixes . 5
7 CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy . 6
7.1 Background . 6
7.2 CIP4_Root hierarchy . 6
7.3 CIP4_Metadata level . 7
7.4 Recipient level . 7
7.5 Intent level . 8
7.5.1 Background. 8
7.5.2 Intent referencing . 8
7.6 Supported XJDF Intents .10
7.6.1 Background.10
7.6.2 Scope of Intents .10
7.6.3 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_AssemblingIntent .10
7.6.4 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_BindingIntent .12
7.6.5 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_ColorIntent .14
7.6.6 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_FoldingIntent .14
7.6.7 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_HoleMakingIntent .17
7.6.8 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_LayoutIntent .17
7.6.9 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_MediaIntent .18
7.6.10 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_ProductionIntent .19
7.7 Restrictions on mapping XJDF Intent types .20
7.8 CIP4_IntentSummary level .20
7.9 Production level .21
7.9.1 CIP4_Production .21
7.10 Common metadata structures .22
7.10.1 General.22
7.10.2 Contact information .22
7.10.3 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Person .23
7.10.4 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Company .23
7.10.5 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Address .24
7.10.6 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_ComChannel .24
8 PDF metadata encoding example .25
8.1 Introduction .25
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
8.2 Example metadata for a single recipient .25
Bibliography .27
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21812 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Introduction
PDF files represent content pages and do not normally contain information identifying the usage of
these content pages in print production. Document part metadata is a simple mechanism that allows
for the exchange of information regarding a set of content pages to aid the receiver of the PDF files in
determining the intended use of those content pages in the final print product. By understanding the
intended use of content pages, the receiver of the PDF file can make more informed decisions regarding
the production process for the final print product.
Several Industry groups have initiated work in the area of workflow control and print product
semantics for use with document exchange using PDF. These include CIP4, Ghent Workgroup, the PDF/
VT Competence Center, and TC 130 WG 2.
A set of application notes for this document may be found at http: //www .printtechnologies
.org/standards/tools - -best -practices/. In addition, pointers may be found on this site to development
tools provided for the assistance of developers and users of applications prepared based on this
document.
A standard set of such document part metadata is needed to allow composition system and pdf creation
vendors to effectively allow their users to communicate with printing and finishing systems that will
receive and act on the provided PDF content data. This document defines a standard for document part
metadata keys for PDF and their meanings for the purposes of driving workflows or aiding the creation
of print production job tickets such as JDF or XJDF.
The intent is to accomplish this through standardizing the document part metadata that can be
provided by a document creator. This document builds on the initial CIP4 ICS-Common Metadata for
Document Production Workflow published in 2010. This document focuses on defining standardized
document part metadata for PDF files using the DPart syntax as defined in ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0).
This document is the first part of a series of international standards that define a set of metadata keys
and their meanings for use in PDF files to identify printed products and their component pages, to
describe their appearance and characteristics and to guide their production.
The structure of the metadata is intended to encapsulate sufficient information in a PDF file to guide
the production of printed products without the creator needing to know the details of the production
processes that will be used.
It is expected that additional parts of this document will be published that standardize additional print
application specific metadata using the architecture defined in this document.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Graphic technology — Print product metadata for PDF
files —
Part 1:
Architecture and core requirements for metadata
1 Scope
The document part metadata in a PDF file that conforms to this document can be used to communicate
the intended appearance of print products and their components. Examples of intended use are:
direct interpretation within a production process, creation of job tickets such as XJDF, or populating
records in an MIS. This document builds on the DPart syntax as specified in ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0) which is designed for encoding metadata related to pages or groups of pages in
PDF files.
NOTE The document part metadata provided in this document applies to individual document parts, whereas
XMP metadata typically applies to the scope of the entire document. XMP can apply to the scope of an individual
page or part of a page but this usage is very uncommon. Thus, XMP is not applicable for the case where metadata
is required for sets of pages such as multiple recipients or binding information. For example, XMP is used within
PDF/X for file conformance identification and is also used for additional file level information such as author.
This document defines standardized metadata to:
— provide product intent specifications such as paper media selection and binding information;
— identify the type of product that the content pages are intended to represent (e.g. a brochure, letter
or postcard);
— identify the intended recipient of each of the content pages for variable document printing
applications.
This document defines a base conformance level that includes the syntax of the metadata framework
and the semantics of a core set of metadata.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16612-2, Graphic technology — Variable data exchange — Part 2: Using PDF/X-4 and PDF/X-5 (PDF/
VT-1 and PDF/VT-2)
ISO 32000-1:2008, Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
ISO 32000-2, Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
ISO 12647-2:2013, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations,
proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes
Language E.M. (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), 6 October 2000, World Wide Web Consortium, Available
from internet
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018, CIP4 Organization, Available from internet
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
JDF
job definition format
3.2
print product
outcome of the processing of a document through a print manufacturing process
Note 1 to entry: Examples include a perfect bound book or postcard.
3.3
product part
part of a print product
Note 1 to entry: Examples include the cover part of a saddle-stitched booklet.
3.4
recipient
person or institution that receives a print product
3.5
XJDF
simplified version of JDF as defined by XJDF Specification Release 2.0
4 Notation
4.1 Keywords
Glossary items are designated in bold.
EXAMPLE recipient.
Metadata keywords are designated in bold font.
EXAMPLE CIP4_Root.
Metadata values are designated in italic font.
EXAMPLE true.
4.2 Cardinality
Optional keys are labelled (Optional) in the description and required keys are labelled (Required).
4.3 Values of lists
This specification provides both open and closed value lists. Open value lists provide a list of suggested
values that should be used. Open value lists are marked as (Extendable). Additional values may be added
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
in case no value in the list sufficiently matches the requirements of the conforming writer. Open lists
are identified by specifying that one of the values should be used. Closed lists shall not be extended.
Closed lists are identified by specifying that only values that are defined in the list shall be used. Closed
value lists are marked as (Closed).
NOTE Some of the standardized metadata values have been defined as open lists of suggested values. The
goal is to provide as much interoperability as possible without restricting the use of the standard to a limited
set of use cases or print products. If extensions to these open lists are used, the correct interpretation of the
extended values needs to be ensured.
4.4 XPath Notation
A notation that is based on XPath will be used to describe nested PDF dictionaries in the DPart
hierarchy. Unless stated otherwise, no assumption is made whether the respective dictionaries are
direct objects or indirect objects within the PDF structure. The root of any such XPath always specifies
a child of a DPM dictionary. For instance, CIP4_Root/CIP4_Metadata/CIP4_Conformance specifies a
key named CIP4_Root in a DPM dictionary that references a dictionary that contains a CIP4_MetaData
key that references a dictionary that contains a key with the name CIP4_Conformance.
5 Conformance
This document specifies a base conformance level for the exchange of document part metadata in
PDF files. The base conformance level defines the syntax and semantics of document part metadata
properties.
Conforming document part metadata shall conform to all the technical requirements set out in
Clauses 6 to 7 of this document. Conforming document part metadata shall include a conforming CIP4_
Root dictionary at the root of the document part hierarchy of the document part metadata as defined in
7.2 of this document. A conforming writer is an application that shall write a conforming file according
to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming processor is an application that shall read and appropriately process the metadata
encoded within a conforming file according to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming file is a pdf file that contains document part metadata conforming to the requirements
specified in this document and that also conforms to ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT), ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0),
or any file that is in accordance with ISO 32000-1, such as PDF/X-4 (ISO 15930-7) and that includes an
extensions dictionary (ISO 32000-1:2008, 7.12) as follows. The prefix used for the name of the extension
shall be GTSm, the value of the BaseVersion entry shall be /1.7 and the value of the ExtensionLevel
entry shall be 1.
EXAMPLE In a PDF with only this extension, the extensions dictionary would look like:
<<
/GTSm << /BaseVersion /1.7 /ExtensionLevel 1 >>
>>
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Encoding metadata keys
Each metadata key shall be encoded as a PDF name that consists of the second class name prefix of the
metadata property followed by an underscore symbol and the name of the metadata property.
Elements and attributes that are defined in the XJDF namespace but not in this document may be used.
They shall then be specified using the local name with a prefix of CIP4. A conforming writer wishing
to add private metadata properties into the CIP4 hierarchy may do so but shall explicitly identify those
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
private metadata properties and levels by specifying an alternate second class name prefix for that
property.
NOTE ISO 32000-2:2017, Annex E contains the definition of second class prefixes.
EXAMPLE A vendor that is using the second class name prefix ACME that wishes to encode a value for a key
named foobar in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Recipient hierarchy will therefore use a metadata property called CIP4_
Root/CIP4_Recipient/ACME_foobar.
6.2 Encoding metadata values
6.2.1 Mapping of the encoding of XJDF Intent
Explicit product definitions shall only be specified in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent hierarchy. This
hierarchy is based on the Intent resources that are defined in chapter 6, Product Intent Description of
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018.
The key names in CIP4_Intent shall match the respective XJDF Intent element names. Any attributes on
an XJDF Intent element shall be specified as keys in their respective parent level.
6.2.2 Encoding of XML
NOTE Most XJDF datatypes are specified in XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.
The data types of XML attributes shall be mapped according to Table 1 below.
Table 1 — XJDF datatypes
XJDF datatype PDF Comments
datatype
integer integer
float number
List array Any list that is encoded in XJDF as a whitespace separated list of base type is
encoded as an array of the respective base type, e.g. IntegerList will be encod-
ed as an Array of integers.
Range array Any range is encoded as an array of 2 elements of the respective base type, e.g.
IntegerRange will be encoded as an array of 2 integers.
Enumeration name Computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are encoded
as names.
NMTOKEN
ID
Enumerations array Lists of computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are
encoded as array of names
NMTOKENS
boolean boolean
String text string NOTE 1 The encoding of text strings as UTF-8 is only valid in ISO 32000-2.
dateTime date string NOTE 2 See 7.9.4 Dates in ISO 32000-2:2017 for a definition of PDF date string.
date
Any other singu- string This includes duration, etc.
lar data type
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 21812-1:2020
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Table 1 (continued)
XJDF datatype PDF Comments
datatype
XML elements dictionary XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 1 shall
with maximum be encoded as a metadata key whose value is a dictionary. The name of the
cardinality of one metadata key shall be the local name of the element with a CIP4 second class
name prefix.
Any PDF dictionary that represents an XML element may contain an optional
key with a name of Type and a value of the local name of the element with a
CIP4 prefix.
NOTE 3 This addition allows for identification of the dictionaries when they
are encoded as indirect objects.
XML elements array XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 2 or
with a maximum more shall be encoded as a metadata key whose value is an array of dictionar-
cardinality of 2 or ies. The name of the metadata key shall be the local name of the element with
more a CIP4 second class name prefix. All other restrictions are identical to XML
elements with a maximum cardinality of one.
6.3 Document part (DPart) hierarchy
Files conforming to this document shall contain a DPartRoot entry in the Catalog dictionary, the value
of which shall be the root node of a hierarchy of DPart dictionaries (a document part hierarchy).
The hierarchy of DPart dictionaries and the DPart entries in page objects shall conform to 14.12 of
ISO 32000-2:2017.
NOTE 1 The reference to 14.12 of ISO 32000-2:2017 is included solely for the purpose of defining the document
part hierarchy; there is no requirement that a file that complies with the ISO 21812 series need be a compliant
32000-2 file in other respects. See Clause 5 Conformance.
The root node of the DPart hierarchy shall contain a DPM key, and other DPart dictionaries may
contain a DPM key.
NOTE 2 A DPM key in the root is necessary to carry the metadata required by Clause 5 Confor
...
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Deleted: /TC 130 N 3903
ISO
Deleted: TC130/WG2/TF5 N 070¶
ISO/FDIS
21812-1
Deleted: :
First edition
2019‐06 Deleted: (E)
Deleted: ISO TC 130/WG 2/TF5¶
Graphic technology — Print product metadata for PDF
Secretariat: SAC
Date: 2019-01-14¶
files —
Deleted: Digital data exchange —
Part 1:Architecture and core requirements for metadata
Technologie graphique — Métadonnées des produits d'impression pour les fichiers PDF — Deleted: FDIS stage¶
Warning for WDs and CDs¶
Partie 1: Architecture et exigences principales pour les métadonnées
This document is not an
ISO International Standard. It is
distributed for review and comment.
It is subject to change without
notice and may not be referred to as
an International Standard.¶
Recipients of this draft are invited to
submit, with their comments,
notification of any relevant patent
rights of which they are aware and
to provide supporting
documentation.¶
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved i
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21812 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Introduction
PDF files represent content pages and do not normally contain information identifying the usage of
these content pages in print production. Document part metadata is a simple mechanism that allows for
the exchange of information regarding a set of content pages to aid the receiver of the PDF files in
determining the intended use of those content pages in the final print product. By understanding the
intended use of content pages, the receiver of the PDF file can make more informed decisions regarding
the production process for the final print product.
Several Industry groups have initiated work in the area of workflow control and print product
semantics for use with document exchange using PDF. These include CIP4, Ghent Workgroup, the
PDF/VT Competence Center, and TC 130 WG 2.
A set of application notes for this document may be found at
http://www.printtechnologies.org/standards/tools‐‐best‐practices/. In addition, pointers may be
found on this site to development tools provided for the assistance of developers and users of
applications prepared based on this document.
A standard set of such document part metadata is needed to allow composition system and pdf creation
vendors to effectively allow their users to communicate with printing and finishing systems that will
receive and act on the provided PDF content data. This document defines a standard for document part
metadata keys for PDF and their meanings for the purposes of driving workflows or aiding the creation
of print production job tickets such as JDF or XJDF.
The intent is to accomplish this through standardizing the document part metadata that can be
provided by a document creator. This document builds on the initial CIP4 ICS‐Common Metadata for
Document Production Workflow published in 2010. This document focuses on defining standardized
document part metadata for PDF files using the DPart syntax as defined in ISO 16612‐1 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000‐2 (PDF 2.0).
This document is the first part of a series of international standards that define a set of metadata keys
and their meanings for use in PDF files to identify printed products and their component pages, to
describe their appearance and characteristics and to guide their production.
The structure of the metadata is intended to encapsulate sufficient information in a PDF file to guide the
production of printed products without the creator needing to know the details of the production
processes that will be used.
It is expected that additional parts of this document will be published that standardize additional print
application specific metadata using the architecture defined in this document.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Graphic technology — Digital data exchange — Print product
metadata for PDF files — Part 1: Architecture and core
requirements for metadata
1 Scope
The document part metadata in a PDF file that conforms to this document can be used to communicate
the intended appearance of print products and their components. Examples of intended use are: direct
interpretation within a production process, creation of job tickets such as XJDF, or populating records in
an MIS. This document builds on the DPart syntax as specified in ISO 16612‐1 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000‐2 (PDF 2.0) which is designed for encoding metadata related to pages or groups of pages in
PDF files.
NOTE The document part metadata provided in this document applies to individual document parts, whereas
XMP metadata typically applies to the scope of the entire document. XMP can apply to the scope of an individual
page or part of a page but this usage is very uncommon. Thus, XMP is not applicable for the case where metadata
is required for sets of pages such as multiple recipients or binding information. For example, XMP is used within
PDF/X for file conformance identification and is also used for additional file level information such as author.
This document defines standardized metadata to:
— provide product intent specifications such as paper media selection and binding information;
— identify the type of product that the content pages are intended to represent (e.g. a brochure, letter
or postcard);
— identify the intended recipient of each of the content pages for variable document printing
applications.
This document defines a base conformance level that includes the syntax of the metadata framework
and the semantics of a core set of metadata.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16612‐2, Graphic technology — Variable data exchange — Part 2: Using PDF/X-4 and PDF/X-5
(PDF/VT-1 and PDF/VT-2)
ISO 32000‐1:2008, Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
ISO 32000‐2:2017, Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
ISO 12647‐2:2013, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour
separations, proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
ISO 3166‐1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country
codes
LANGUAGE E.M. (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), 6 October 2000, World Wide Web Consortium, Available
from internet
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018, CIP4 Organization, Available from internet
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
JDF
job definition format
3.2
print product
outcome of the processing of a document through a print manufacturing process
Note 1 to entry: Examples include a perfect bound book or postcard.
3.3
product part
part of a print product
Note 1 to entry: Examples include the cover part of a saddle‐stitched booklet.
3.4
recipient
person or institution that receives a print product
3.5
XJDF
simplified version of JDF as defined by XJDF Specification Release 2.0
4 Notation
4.1 Keywords
Glossary items are designated in bold.
EXAMPLE recipient.
Metadata keywords are designated in bold font.
EXAMPLE CIP4_Root.
Metadata values are designated in italic font.
EXAMPLE true.
4.2 Cardinality
Optional keys are labelled (Optional) in the description and required keys are labelled (Required).
4.3 Values of lists
This specification provides both open and closed value lists. Open value lists provide a list of suggested
values that should be used. Open value lists are marked as (Extendable). Additional values may be
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
added in case no value in the list sufficiently matches the requirements of the conforming writer. Open
lists are identified by specifying that one of the values should be used. Closed lists shall not be extended.
Closed lists are identified by specifying that only values that are defined in the list shall be used. Closed
value lists are marked as (Closed).
NOTE Some of the standardized metadata values have been defined as open lists of suggested values. The
goal is to provide as much interoperability as possible without restricting the use of the standard to a limited set
of use cases or print products. If extensions to these open lists are used, the correct interpretation of the extended
values needs to be ensured.
4.4 XPath Notation
A notation that is based on XPath will be used to describe nested PDF dictionaries in the DPart
hierarchy. Unless stated otherwise, no assumption is made whether the respective dictionaries are
direct objects or indirect objects within the PDF structure. The root of any such XPath always specifies a
child of a DPM dictionary. For instance, CIP4_Root/CIP4_Metadata/CIP4_Conformance specifies a
key named CIP4_Root in a DPM dictionary that references a dictionary that contains a CIP4_MetaData
key that references a dictionary that contains a key with the name CIP4_Conformance.
5 Conformance
This document specifies a base conformance level for the exchange of document part metadata in PDF
files. The base conformance level defines the syntax and semantics of document part metadata
properties.
Conforming document part metadata shall conform to all the technical requirements set out in
Clauses 6 to 7 of this document. Conforming document part metadata shall include a conforming
CIP4_Root dictionary at the root of the document part hierarchy of the document part metadata as
defined in 7.2 of this document. A conforming writer is an application that shall write a conforming file
according to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming processor is an application that shall read and appropriately process the metadata
encoded within a conforming file according to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming file is a pdf file that contains document part metadata conforming to the requirements
specified in this document and that also conforms to ISO 16612‐2 (PDF/VT), ISO 32000‐2 (PDF 2.0), or
any file that is in accordance with ISO 32000‐1, such as PDF/X‐4 (ISO 15930‐7) and that includes an
extensions dictionary (ISO 32000‐1:2008, 7.12) as follows. The prefix used for the name of the
extension shall be GTS_, the value of the BaseLevel entry shall be 1.7 and the value of the ExtensionLevel
entry shall be 1.
EXAMPLE In a PDF with only this extension, the entensions dictionary would look like:
<<
/GTS_ << /BaseLevel /1.7 /ExtensionLevel 1 >>
>>
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Encoding metadata keys
Each metadata key shall be encoded as a PDF name that consists of the second class name prefix of the
metadata property followed by an underscore symbol and the name of the metadata property.
Elements and attributes that are defined in the XJDF namespace but not in this document may be used.
They shall then be specified using the local name with a prefix of CIP4. A conforming writer wishing to
add private metadata properties into the CIP4 hierarchy may do so but shall explicitly identify those
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
private metadata properties and levels by specifying an alternate second class name prefix for that
property.
NOTE ISO 32000‐2:2017, Annex E contains the definition of second class prefixes.
EXAMPLE A vendor that is using the second class name prefix ACME that wishes to encode a value for a key
named foobar in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Recipient hierarchy will therefore use a metadata property called
CIP4_Root/CIP4_Recipient/ACME_foobar.
6.2 Encoding metadata values
6.2.1 Mapping of the encoding of XJDF Intent
Explicit product definitions shall only be specified in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent hierarchy. This
hierarchy is based on the Intent resources that are defined in chapter 6, Product Intent Description of
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018.
The key names in CIP4_Intent shall match the respective XJDF Intent element names. Any attributes on
an XJDF Intent element shall be specified as keys in their respective parent level.
6.2.2 Encoding of XML
NOTE Most XJDF datatypes are specified in XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.
The data types of XML attributes shall be mapped according to Table 1 below.
Table 1 — XJDF datatypes
XJDF datatype PDF Comments
datatype
integer integer
float number
List array Any list that is encoded in XJDF as a whitespace separated list of base type is
encoded as an array of the respective base type, e.g. IntegerList will be encoded
as an Array of integers.
Range array Any range is encoded as an array of 2 elements of the respective base type, e.g.
IntegerRange will be encoded as an array of 2 integers.
Enumeration name Computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are encoded
as names.
NMTOKEN
ID
Enumerations array Lists of computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are
encoded as array of names
NMTOKENS
boolean boolean
String text string NOTE 1 The encoding of text strings as UTF‐8 is only valid in ISO 32000‐2.
dateTime date NOTE 2 See 7.9.4 Dates in ISO 32000‐2 for a definition of PDF date string.
string
date
Any other string This includes duration, etc.
singular data
type
XML elements dictionary XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 1 shall
with maximum be encoded as a metadata key whose value is a dictionary. The name of the
cardinality of metadata key shall be the local name of the element with a CIP4 second class
one name prefix.
Any PDF dictionary that represents an XML element may contain an optional
key with a name of Type and a value of the local name of the element with a
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CIP4 prefix.
NOTE 3 This addition allows for identification of the dictionaries when they
are encoded as indirect objects.
XML elements array XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 2 or
with a maximum more shall be encoded as a metadata key whose value is an array of
cardinality of 2 dictionaries. The name of the metadata key shall be the local name of the
or more element with a CIP4 second class name prefix. All other restrictions are
identical to XML elements with a maximum cardinality of one.
6.3 Document part (DPart) hierarchy
Files conforming to this document shall contain a DPartRoot entry in the Catalog dictionary, the value
of which shall be the root node of a hierarchy of DPart dictionaries (a document part hierarchy).
The hierarchy of DPart dictionaries and the DPart entries in page objects shall conform to 14.12 of
ISO 32000‐2:2017.
NOTE 1 The reference to 14.12 of ISO 32000‐2 is included solely for the purpose of defining the document part
hierarchy; there is no requirement that a file that complies with the ISO 21812 series need be a compliant 32000‐
2 file in other respects. See Clause 5 Conformance.
The root node of the DPart hierarchy shall contain a DPM key, and other DPart dictionaries may
contain a DPM key.
NOTE 2 A DPM key in the root is necessary to carry the metadata required by Clause 5 Conformance.
If metadata in conformance with this document is to be associated with a node of the DPart hierarchy
then the DPart shall reference a DPM dictionary that shall reference the CIP4_Root dictionary that
contains the metadata.
6.4 Defining metadata within a DPart
Metadata properties defined for a given DPart shall be considered to apply to all DParts that are child
nodes of that DPart. Metadata properties shall not be specified in DParts that are in the scope of parent
DParts which already specify the same metadata properties. In accordance with ISO 16612‐2 and
ISO 32000‐2, each DPart node may have at most one DPM containing a dictionary of one or more
metadata properties from the common metadata hierarchy specified within it.
6.5 Registered second class name prefixes
Table 2 defines the list of registered second class name prefixes.
Table 2 — Registered Second Class Name Prefixes
Prefix Namespace URI Organization
GTS https://www.npes.org/pdfx/ns/id/ NPES and ISO
CIP4 https://www.CIP4.org/PDFMetaData_2_0 CIP4
7 CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy
7.1 Background
The CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy is designed to associate metadata to individual pages or ranges
of pages. Standard metadata definitions are provided by this document for use in describing:
— finished printed products or pages of printed products;
— summary information to aid in optimizing the production process;
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
— recipient information for variable data jobs.
7.2 CIP4_Root hierarchy
At least one DPM dictionary of a conforming file shall have a CIP4_Root key whose value is a reference
to a CIP4_Root dictionary.
The root dictionary of CIP4 metadata trees is CIP4_Root. Some types of metadata are restricted in
scope to specific DParts. These restrictions are called out in the column labelled "Scope" in Table 3.
Some metadata types can only occur at certain levels within the DPart hierarchy. These restrictions are
called out in the column labelled scope. The following levels are defined.
— any: The metadata may occur at any level in the DPart hierarchy.
— root: The metadata shall occur only in the document root in the DPart hierarchy. The root DPart is
defined as the DPart that is referenced from DPartRoot.
— record: The metadata shall occur only in the recipient level in the DPart hierarchy.
Table 3 — CIP4_Root
Name Data type Scope Description
Type name any (Required) The value of Type shall be CIP4_Root.
CIP4_DescriptiveName string any (Optional) Human readable description of the DPart.
CIP4_ExternalID name any (Optional) External identifier of the DPart.
CIP4_Intent dictionary any (Optional) CIP4_Intent specifies the creator's view of a product
or document.
CIP4_IntentSummary dictionary any (Optional) CIP4_IntentSummary shall specify intent properties
of a DPart that are in use within the scope of the DPart. If
present, all references to specific intents from
CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent shall be indirect references to a specific
intent that is referenced from CIP4_IntentSummary.
CIP4_Metadata dictionary root (Required) The CIP4_Metadata dictionary contains metadata
properties that provide information regarding the PDF document
as a whole.
CIP4_Production dictionary any (Optional) The CIP4_Production dictionary contains metadata
properties that may be used to parameterize a job ticket or
provide additional production information that is not available in
CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent.
CIP4_Recipient dictionary record (Optional) The CIP4_Recipient dictionary contains metadata
properties with information regarding the intended recipient of
the pages. CIP4_Recipient shall not be specified in DPart levels
other than those selected by the value of RecordLevel in
DPartRoot.
7.3 CIP4_Metadata level
Table 4 defines the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Metadata level that shall contain metadata properties that
provide information regarding the PDF document as a whole. The CIP4_Root/CIP4_Metadata shall not
be defined in any DPart node other than the root DPart node.
Table 4 — CIP4_Metadata
Name Data type Description
Type name (Required) The value of Type shall be CIP4_Metadata.
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CIP4_Accounting dictionary (Optional) CIP4_Accounting identifies the CIP4_Contact
information of where to send the invoice for the production
of the PDF data.
CIP4_Administrator dictionary (Optional) CIP4_Administrator identifies the CIP4_Contact
information regarding the execution of the PDF data.
CIP4_Author dictionary (Optional) CIP4_Author identifies the CIP4_Contact
information for the author of the PDF data.
CIP4_Conformance array (Required) CIP4_Conformance is an array of string that
indicates the conformance to which the metadata in the PDF
data adheres. A value of CIP4_IntentBase_2.0 shall be used if
no other more restrictive value applies.
NOTE 1 The value of CIP4_IntentBase_2.0 was chosen to
indicate that current intent is a mapping from XJDF.
Each ICS that restricts the use of metadata properties defined
in this ICS should include a required value for this metadata
property that uniquely identifies that ICS. That required value
shall adhere to the requirements for XML name token.
CIP4_Creator string (Required) CIP4_Creator identifies the conforming writer of
the metadata.
CIP4_JobID name (Optional) CIP4_JobID identifies the job or contract to which
the PDF data as a whole belongs in the context of the
originating system.
CIP4_ModificationDate date string (Optional) CIP4_ModificationDate identifies the date at
which the PDF data was last modified or created. A
conforming writer shall update CIP4_ModificationDate to
the current date and time whenever the PDF file is modified.
NOTE 2 CIP4_ModificationDate allows detection of the
modifications to PDF data by a non‐conforming writer. The
PDF specification already encodes a last modification date but
this modification date by itself is not necessarily sufficient to
detect modifications relating to the metadata by a non‐
conforming writer.
CIP4_ProjectID name (Optional) CIP4_ProjectID identifies the project or group of
jobs that the PDF data as a whole belongs to in the context of
the originating system.
CIP4_Sender dictionary (Optional) CIP4_Sender identifies the CIP4_Contact
information for the sender or originator of the PDF data.
7.4 Recipient level
Table 5 CIP4_Recipient contains metadata properties with information regarding the intended recipient
of the pages.
Table 5 — CIP4_Recipient
Name Data type Description
CIP4_ExternalIDname (Optional) The value of the CIP4_ExternalID property shall uniquely identify the
recipient within this PDF document.
CIP4_Contact dictionary (Optional) The value of the CIP4_Contact property shall provide contact
information about the recipient.
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
7.5 Intent level
7.5.1 Background
In XJDF from which this document has been derived, Product Intent specifies the creator's view of a
product or document. Providing intent level information within the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent hierarchy
of a PDF allows a PDF creator to specify additional properties that define how the respective pages that
are referenced by the DPart shall be used in the context of a finished printed product.
7.5.2 Intent referencing
Each dictionary in Table 6 CIP4_Intent, should be an indirect reference to a dictionary that is referenced
from CIP4_Root/CIP4_IntentSummary under the same name.
Table 6 — CIP4_Intent
Name Data type Description
Type name (Required) The value of Type shall be CIP4_Intent.
CIP4_ProductType name (Optional, Extendable) The value of CIP4_ProductType property
shall indicate the general product class that the DPart represents.
The name should be one of the following:
— BackCover: The last page or sheet of a soft‐cover book or
magazine, commonly a heavier media.
— Body: Generic content inside of a Cover.
— Book: Body with a Cover and a Spine.
— BookBlock: The assembled body of pages for a hard‐cover book.
— BookCase: The assembled covers and spine component of a hard‐
cover book, prior to "casing in" (attaching to the book block)
— Booklet: Body with a Cover without a Spine (typically stapled).
— Box: Convenience packaging that is not envisioned to be
protection for shipping.
— Brochure: A single folded sheet.
— BusinessCard: A small card that displays contact information for
an individual employed by a company.
— Cover: A single sheet covering a side of a print product.
— CoverLetter: A letter accompanying another print product.
— Envelope: A folded paper container, with sealable flap, that
encloses and protects a document or contents.
— FrontCover: The first page or sheet of a soft‐cover book or
magazine, commonly a heavier media.
— Insert: A product part intended to be inserted into a print
product
— Jacket: Hard cover case jacket
— Label: A piece of paper or plastic that is attached to an object in
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
order to give information about it.
— Leaflet: A single unfolded sheet
— Letter: A written or printed communication addressed to a
person or organization and usually transmitted by mail or
messenger.
— Map: A drawing/representation of a particular area such as a
city, or a continent, showing its main features, as they would
appear if viewed from above.
— Newspaper: A newspaper product.
— Notebook: A book or block with a set of identical or similar pages,
e.g. a writing tablet, where all page fronts have identical content,
and all page backs have identical content.
— Postcard: A card designed for sending a message by mail without
an envelope.
— Poster: A large printed picture.
— ResponseCard: A SelfMailer to respond to an offer.
— Section: Main division of a book such as a chapter, typically with a
name or number.
— SelfMailer: A document to be sent via the post without an
additional envelope.
— Spine: The bound edge of a book. Also, the portion of the cover
that connects the front and back cover, wrapping the binding
edge.
— WrapAroundCover: A single sheet containing the front cover,
spine and back cover.
The value of the CIP4_ProductType property may be any name but
for sake of interoperability and automatic processing the property
should be given a value listed in this specification if the finished
product has the same physical characteristics or purpose.
EXAMPLE 1 An invoice can be classified as a Letter if it is sent in a
windowed envelope or as a SelfMailer if the invoice pages will be
folded and glued into an addressed envelope.
EXAMPLE 2 A data sheet can be classified as a Leaflet if it is a single
unfolded sheet or as a Brochure if it's a single folded sheet or a Booklet
if it contains multiple pages stapled together.
CIP4_AssemblingInten dictionary (Optional) CIP4_AssemblingIntent specifies how various parts of a
t PDF document are inserted into containers such as envelopes or
assembled with manufactured products such as stands for banners.
CIP4_AssemblingIntent shall not be specified if CIP4_BindingIntent
is present
CIP4_BindingIntent dic
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21812-1
First edition
2019-06
Graphic technology — Print product
metadata for PDF files —
Part 1:
Architecture and core requirements
for metadata
Technologie graphique — Métadonnées des produits d'impression
pour les fichiers PDF —
Partie 1: Architecture et exigences principales pour les métadonnées
Reference number
ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Notation . 2
4.1 Keywords . 2
4.2 Cardinality . 2
4.3 Values of lists . 2
4.4 XPath Notation . 3
5 Conformance . 3
6 Technical requirements . 3
6.1 Encoding metadata keys . 3
6.2 Encoding metadata values . 4
6.2.1 Mapping of the encoding of XJDF Intent . 4
6.2.2 Encoding of XML . 4
6.3 Document part (DPart) hierarchy . 5
6.4 Defining metadata within a DPart . 5
6.5 Registered second class name prefixes . 5
7 CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy . 6
7.1 Background . 6
7.2 CIP4_Root hierarchy . 6
7.3 CIP4_Metadata level . 7
7.4 Recipient level . 7
7.5 Intent level . 8
7.5.1 Background. 8
7.5.2 Intent referencing . 8
7.6 Supported XJDF Intents .10
7.6.1 Background.10
7.6.2 Scope of Intents .10
7.6.3 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_AssemblingIntent .10
7.6.4 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_BindingIntent .12
7.6.5 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_ColorIntent .14
7.6.6 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_FoldingIntent .14
7.6.7 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_HoleMakingIntent .17
7.6.8 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_LayoutIntent .17
7.6.9 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_MediaIntent .18
7.6.10 CIP4_Intent/CIP4_ProductionIntent .19
7.7 Restrictions on mapping XJDF Intent types .20
7.8 CIP4_IntentSummary level .20
7.9 Production level .21
7.9.1 CIP4_Production .21
7.10 Common metadata structures .22
7.10.1 General.22
7.10.2 Contact information .22
7.10.3 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Person .23
7.10.4 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Company .23
7.10.5 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_Address .24
7.10.6 CIP4_Contact/CIP4_ComChannel .24
8 PDF metadata encoding example .25
8.1 Introduction .25
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
8.2 Example metadata for a single recipient .25
Bibliography .27
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21812 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Introduction
PDF files represent content pages and do not normally contain information identifying the usage of
these content pages in print production. Document part metadata is a simple mechanism that allows
for the exchange of information regarding a set of content pages to aid the receiver of the PDF files in
determining the intended use of those content pages in the final print product. By understanding the
intended use of content pages, the receiver of the PDF file can make more informed decisions regarding
the production process for the final print product.
Several Industry groups have initiated work in the area of workflow control and print product
semantics for use with document exchange using PDF. These include CIP4, Ghent Workgroup, the PDF/
VT Competence Center, and TC 130 WG 2.
A set of application notes for this document may be found at http: //www .printtechnologies
.org/standards/tools - -best -practices/. In addition, pointers may be found on this site to development
tools provided for the assistance of developers and users of applications prepared based on this
document.
A standard set of such document part metadata is needed to allow composition system and pdf creation
vendors to effectively allow their users to communicate with printing and finishing systems that will
receive and act on the provided PDF content data. This document defines a standard for document part
metadata keys for PDF and their meanings for the purposes of driving workflows or aiding the creation
of print production job tickets such as JDF or XJDF.
The intent is to accomplish this through standardizing the document part metadata that can be
provided by a document creator. This document builds on the initial CIP4 ICS-Common Metadata for
Document Production Workflow published in 2010. This document focuses on defining standardized
document part metadata for PDF files using the DPart syntax as defined in ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0).
This document is the first part of a series of international standards that define a set of metadata keys
and their meanings for use in PDF files to identify printed products and their component pages, to
describe their appearance and characteristics and to guide their production.
The structure of the metadata is intended to encapsulate sufficient information in a PDF file to guide
the production of printed products without the creator needing to know the details of the production
processes that will be used.
It is expected that additional parts of this document will be published that standardize additional print
application specific metadata using the architecture defined in this document.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
Graphic technology — Print product metadata for PDF
files —
Part 1:
Architecture and core requirements for metadata
1 Scope
The document part metadata in a PDF file that conforms to this document can be used to communicate
the intended appearance of print products and their components. Examples of intended use are:
direct interpretation within a production process, creation of job tickets such as XJDF, or populating
records in an MIS. This document builds on the DPart syntax as specified in ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT) and
ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0) which is designed for encoding metadata related to pages or groups of pages in
PDF files.
NOTE The document part metadata provided in this document applies to individual document parts, whereas
XMP metadata typically applies to the scope of the entire document. XMP can apply to the scope of an individual
page or part of a page but this usage is very uncommon. Thus, XMP is not applicable for the case where metadata
is required for sets of pages such as multiple recipients or binding information. For example, XMP is used within
PDF/X for file conformance identification and is also used for additional file level information such as author.
This document defines standardized metadata to:
— provide product intent specifications such as paper media selection and binding information;
— identify the type of product that the content pages are intended to represent (e.g. a brochure, letter
or postcard);
— identify the intended recipient of each of the content pages for variable document printing
applications.
This document defines a base conformance level that includes the syntax of the metadata framework
and the semantics of a core set of metadata.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16612-2, Graphic technology — Variable data exchange — Part 2: Using PDF/X-4 and PDF/X-5 (PDF/
VT-1 and PDF/VT-2)
ISO 32000-1:2008, Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
ISO 32000-2, Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
ISO 12647-2:2013, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations,
proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes
Language E.M. (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), 6 October 2000, World Wide Web Consortium, Available
from internet
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ISO 21812-1:2019(E)
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018, CIP4 Organization, Available from internet
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
JDF
job definition format
3.2
print product
outcome of the processing of a document through a print manufacturing process
Note 1 to entry: Examples include a perfect bound book or postcard.
3.3
product part
part of a print product
Note 1 to entry: Examples include the cover part of a saddle-stitched booklet.
3.4
recipient
person or institution that receives a print product
3.5
XJDF
simplified version of JDF as defined by XJDF Specification Release 2.0
4 Notation
4.1 Keywords
Glossary items are designated in bold.
EXAMPLE recipient.
Metadata keywords are designated in bold font.
EXAMPLE CIP4_Root.
Metadata values are designated in italic font.
EXAMPLE true.
4.2 Cardinality
Optional keys are labelled (Optional) in the description and required keys are labelled (Required).
4.3 Values of lists
This specification provides both open and closed value lists. Open value lists provide a list of suggested
values that should be used. Open value lists are marked as (Extendable). Additional values may be added
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in case no value in the list sufficiently matches the requirements of the conforming writer. Open lists
are identified by specifying that one of the values should be used. Closed lists shall not be extended.
Closed lists are identified by specifying that only values that are defined in the list shall be used. Closed
value lists are marked as (Closed).
NOTE Some of the standardized metadata values have been defined as open lists of suggested values. The
goal is to provide as much interoperability as possible without restricting the use of the standard to a limited
set of use cases or print products. If extensions to these open lists are used, the correct interpretation of the
extended values needs to be ensured.
4.4 XPath Notation
A notation that is based on XPath will be used to describe nested PDF dictionaries in the DPart
hierarchy. Unless stated otherwise, no assumption is made whether the respective dictionaries are
direct objects or indirect objects within the PDF structure. The root of any such XPath always specifies
a child of a DPM dictionary. For instance, CIP4_Root/CIP4_Metadata/CIP4_Conformance specifies a
key named CIP4_Root in a DPM dictionary that references a dictionary that contains a CIP4_MetaData
key that references a dictionary that contains a key with the name CIP4_Conformance.
5 Conformance
This document specifies a base conformance level for the exchange of document part metadata in
PDF files. The base conformance level defines the syntax and semantics of document part metadata
properties.
Conforming document part metadata shall conform to all the technical requirements set out in
Clauses 6 to 7 of this document. Conforming document part metadata shall include a conforming CIP4_
Root dictionary at the root of the document part hierarchy of the document part metadata as defined in
7.2 of this document. A conforming writer is an application that shall write a conforming file according
to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming processor is an application that shall read and appropriately process the metadata
encoded within a conforming file according to the requirements specified in this document.
A conforming file is a pdf file that contains document part metadata conforming to the requirements
specified in this document and that also conforms to ISO 16612-2 (PDF/VT), ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0),
or any file that is in accordance with ISO 32000-1, such as PDF/X-4 (ISO 15930-7) and that includes an
extensions dictionary (ISO 32000-1:2008, 7.12) as follows. The prefix used for the name of the extension
shall be GTSm, the value of the BaseVersion entry shall be /1.7 and the value of the ExtensionLevel
entry shall be 1.
EXAMPLE In a PDF with only this extension, the extensions dictionary would look like:
<<
/GTSm << /BaseVersion /1.7 /ExtensionLevel 1 >>
>>
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Encoding metadata keys
Each metadata key shall be encoded as a PDF name that consists of the second class name prefix of the
metadata property followed by an underscore symbol and the name of the metadata property.
Elements and attributes that are defined in the XJDF namespace but not in this document may be used.
They shall then be specified using the local name with a prefix of CIP4. A conforming writer wishing
to add private metadata properties into the CIP4 hierarchy may do so but shall explicitly identify those
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private metadata properties and levels by specifying an alternate second class name prefix for that
property.
NOTE ISO 32000-2:2017, Annex E contains the definition of second class prefixes.
EXAMPLE A vendor that is using the second class name prefix ACME that wishes to encode a value for a key
named foobar in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Recipient hierarchy will therefore use a metadata property called CIP4_
Root/CIP4_Recipient/ACME_foobar.
6.2 Encoding metadata values
6.2.1 Mapping of the encoding of XJDF Intent
Explicit product definitions shall only be specified in the CIP4_Root/CIP4_Intent hierarchy. This
hierarchy is based on the Intent resources that are defined in chapter 6, Product Intent Description of
XJDF Specification, Release 2.0, 2018.
The key names in CIP4_Intent shall match the respective XJDF Intent element names. Any attributes on
an XJDF Intent element shall be specified as keys in their respective parent level.
6.2.2 Encoding of XML
NOTE Most XJDF datatypes are specified in XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes.
The data types of XML attributes shall be mapped according to Table 1 below.
Table 1 — XJDF datatypes
XJDF datatype PDF Comments
datatype
integer integer
float number
List array Any list that is encoded in XJDF as a whitespace separated list of base type is
encoded as an array of the respective base type, e.g. IntegerList will be encod-
ed as an Array of integers.
Range array Any range is encoded as an array of 2 elements of the respective base type, e.g.
IntegerRange will be encoded as an array of 2 integers.
Enumeration name Computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are encoded
as names.
NMTOKEN
ID
Enumerations array Lists of computer readable values such as NMTOKEN, enumeration or ID are
encoded as array of names
NMTOKENS
boolean boolean
String text string NOTE 1 The encoding of text strings as UTF-8 is only valid in ISO 32000-2.
dateTime date string NOTE 2 See 7.9.4 Dates in ISO 32000-2:2017 for a definition of PDF date string.
date
Any other singu- string This includes duration, etc.
lar data type
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Table 1 (continued)
XJDF datatype PDF Comments
datatype
XML elements dictionary XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 1 shall
with maximum be encoded as a metadata key whose value is a dictionary. The name of the
cardinality of one metadata key shall be the local name of the element with a CIP4 second class
name prefix.
Any PDF dictionary that represents an XML element may contain an optional
key with a name of Type and a value of the local name of the element with a
CIP4 prefix.
NOTE 3 This addition allows for identification of the dictionaries when they
are encoded as indirect objects.
XML elements array XML elements that are specified in XJDF with a maximum cardinality of 2 or
with a maximum more shall be encoded as a metadata key whose value is an array of dictionar-
cardinality of 2 or ies. The name of the metadata key shall be the local name of the element with
more a CIP4 second class name prefix. All other restrictions are identical to XML
elements with a maximum cardinality of one.
6.3 Document part (DPart) hierarchy
Files conforming to this document shall contain a DPartRoot entry in the Catalog dictionary, the value
of which shall be the root node of a hierarchy of DPart dictionaries (a document part hierarchy).
The hierarchy of DPart dictionaries and the DPart entries in page objects shall conform to 14.12 of
ISO 32000-2:2017.
NOTE 1 The reference to 14.12 of ISO 32000-2:2017 is included solely for the purpose of defining the document
part hierarchy; there is no requirement that a file that complies with the ISO 21812 series need be a compliant
32000-2 file in other respects. See Clause 5 Conformance.
The root node of the DPart hierarchy shall contain a DPM key, and other DPart dictionaries may
contain a DPM key.
NOTE 2 A DPM key in the root is necessary to carry the metadata required by Clause 5 Conformance.
If metadata in conformance with this document is to be associated with a node of the DPart hierarchy
then the DPart shall reference a DPM dictionary that shall reference the CIP4_Root dictionary that
contains the metadata.
6.4 Defining metadata within a DPart
Metadata properties defined for a given DPart shall be considered to apply to all DParts that are child
nodes of that DPart. Metadata properties shall not be specified in DParts that are in the scope of
parent DParts which already specify the same metadata properties. In accordance with ISO 16612-2
and ISO 32000-2, each DPart node may have at most one DPM containing a dictionary of one or more
metadata properties from the common metadata hierarchy specified within it.
6.5 Registered second class name prefixes
Table 2 defines the list of registered second class name prefixes.
Table 2 — Registered Second Class Name Prefixes
Prefix Namespace URI Organization
GTS http:/ /www. npes. org/pdfx/ns/id/ NPES and ISO
CIP4 CIP4
http:/ /www. CIP4 .org/PDFMetaData _2 _0
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7 CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy
7.1 Background
The CIP4 Common metadata hierarchy is designed to associate met
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