SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
(Amendment)Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
This part of IEC 62127 specifies methods of use of calibrated hydrophones for the measurement in liquids of acoustic fields generated by ultrasonic medical equipment operating
in the frequency range up to 40 MHz. The objectives of this standard are:
– to define a group of acoustic parameters that can be measured on a physically sound basis;
– to define a second group of parameters that can be derived under certain assumptions from these measurements, and called derived intensity parameters;
– to define a measurement procedure that may be used for the determination of acoustic pressure parameters;
– to define the conditions under which the measurements of acoustic parameters can be made in the frequency range up to 40 MHz using calibrated hydrophones;
– to define procedures for correcting, for limitations caused by the use of hydrophones with finite bandwidth and finite active element size.
NOTE 1 Throughout this standard, SI units are used. In the specification of certain parameters, such as beam areas and intensities, it may be convenient to use decimal multiples or submultiples. For example beam area may be specified in cm2 and intensities in W/cm2 or mW/cm2.
NOTE 2 The hydrophone as defined may be of a piezoelectric or an optic type. The introduction however implies that optical hydrophones are not covered.
Ultraschall - Hydrophone - Teil 1: Messung und Charakterisierung von medizinischen Ultraschallfeldern bis zu 40 MHz
Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Partie 1: Mesures et caractérisation des champs ultrasonores médicaux jusqu'à 40 MHz
Ultrazvok - Hidrofoni - 1. del: Meritve in karakterizacija medicinskih ultrazvočnih polj do 40 MHz - Dopolnilo A1 (IEC 62127-1:2007/A1:2013)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
01-februar-2014
8OWUD]YRN+LGURIRQLGHO 0HULWYHLQNDUDNWHUL]DFLMDPHGLFLQVNLKXOWUD]YRþQLK
SROMGR0+]'RSROQLOR$ ,(& $
Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical
ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
Ultraschall - Hydrophone - Teil 1: Messung und Charakterisierung von medizinischen
Ultraschallfeldern bis zu 40 MHz
Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Partie 1: Mesures et caractérisation des champs ultrasonores
médicaux jusqu'à 40 MHz
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62127-1:2007/A1:2013
ICS:
11.040.01 Medicinska oprema na Medical equipment in general
splošno
17.140.50 Elektroakustika Electroacoustics
SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62127-1/A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2013
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.040.50
English version
Ultrasonics - Hydrophones -
Part 1: Measurement and characterization
of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
(IEC 62127-1:2007/A1:2013)
Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Ultraschall - Hydrophone -
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation Teil 1: Messung und Charakterisierung
des champs ultrasoniques médicaux von medizinischen Ultraschallfeldern bis
jusqu'à 40 MHz zu 40 MHz
(CEI 62127-1:2007/A1:2013) (IEC 62127-1:2007/A1:2013)
This amendment A1 modifies the European Standard EN 62127-1:2007; it was approved by CENELEC on 2013-
03-15. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
the conditions for giving this amendment the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62127-1:2007/A1:2013 E
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
EN 62127-1:2007/A1:2013 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 87/518/FDIS, future amendment 1 to edition 1 of IEC 62127-1, prepared by
IEC/TC 87 "Ultrasonics" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 62127-1:2007/A1:2013.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-12-15
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2016-03-15
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62127-1:2007/A1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the Bibliography of EN 62127-1:2007, replace the existing reference to IEC 61157 by the following:
IEC 61157:2007 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61157:2007 (not modified).
In the Bibliography of EN 62127-1:2007, add the following new reference:
IEC/TS 61949:2007 NOTE Harmonised as CLC/TS 61949:2008 (not modified).
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
- 3 - EN 62127-1:2007/A1:2013
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
Modification in Annex ZA of EN 62127-1:2007:
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
In Annex ZA of EN 62127-1:2007, replace the reference to the ISO Guide to the
expression of uncertainty in measurement as follows:
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 - Uncertainty of measurement - - -
Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
IEC 62127-1
®
Edition 1.0 2013-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX Q
ICS 11.040.50 ISBN 978-2-83220-599-0
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
– 2 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
87/518/FDIS 87/524/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
_____________
Replace throughout the document:
“non-linear” by “nonlinear”,
This replacement applies to the English text only.
Replace throughout the document:
“non-linearity” by “nonlinearity”
This replacement applies to the English text only.
INTRODUCTION
Delete, in the second paragraph, the term “piezoelectric”.
Delete, in the second paragraph, the last two sentences.
1 Scope
Delete, in Note 2, the second sentence.
2 Normative references
Replace the reference to the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement as
follows:
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
Replace, throughout this clause, the phrase “watts per metre squared” by “watts per square
metre” (9 times).
Replace, throughout this clause, the phrase “metres squared” by “square metres” (3 times).
3.1
acoustic pulse waveform
Delete Note 2.
3.3
acoustic frequency
acoustic-working frequency
Replace, in the second sentence of Note 1," 3.3.1 and 3.3.2" by "3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 and
3.3.4".
3.3.1
zero-crossing acoustic-working frequency
f
awf
Replace the existing text of the definition by the following:
number, n, of consecutive half-cycles (irrespective of polarity) divided by twice the time
between the commencement of the first half-cycle and the end of the n-th half-cycle
NOTE 1 None of the n consecutive half-cycles should show evidence of phase change.
NOTE 2 The measurement should be performed at terminals in the receiver that are as close as possible to the
receiving transducer (hydrophone) and, in all cases, before rectification.
NOTE 3 This frequency is determined according to the procedure specified in IEC/TR 60854.
NOTE 4 This frequency is intended for continuous-wave systems only.
3.3.2
arithmetic-mean acoustic-working frequency
f
awf
Add the following note to the definition:
NOTE 3 If f is not found within the range < 3f , f is to be understood as the lowest frequency above this range
2 1 2
at which the spectrum magnitude is 3 dB below the peak magnitude.
3.3.3
peak pulse acoustic frequency
Delete the full stop after the symbol f .
p
3.4
azimuth axis
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
In the figure, replace “Y” by “Z” and “Z” by “Y”.
In the key of the figure, replace “Y beam axis” by “Y elevation axis” and “Z elevation axis” by
“Z beam axis”.
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
– 4 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
3.7
beam area
Replace the symbol by: “A , A ”
b,6 b,20
Replace the existing text of Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 If the position of the plane is not specified, it is the plane passing through the point corresponding to the
maximum value of the pulse-pressure-squared integral in the whole acoustic field.
Replace, in Note 3, the word “levels” by “fractions”.
3.22
effective radius of a non-focused ultrasonic transducer
Replace the term by effective radius of a non-focusing ultrasonic transducer
Replace the term in the Note by effective radius of a non-focusing ultrasonic transducer
3.28
far field
Replace the existing text by the following:
region of the field where z > z aligned along the beam axis for planar non-focusing
T
transducers
NOTE 1 In the far field, the sound pressure appears to be spherically divergent from a point on or near the
radiating surface. Hence the pressure produced by the sound source is approximately inversely proportional to the
distance from the source.
NOTE 2 The term “far field” is used in this International Standard only in connection with non-focusing source
transducers. For focusing transducers a different terminology for the various parts of the transmitted field applies
(see IEC 61828).
NOTE 3 If the shape of the transducer aperture produces several transition distances, the one furthest from the
transducer is used.
3.34
instantaneous intensity
Replace the existing text of Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 Instantaneous intensity is the product of instantaneous acoustic pressure and particle velocity. It is
difficult to measure intensity in the ultrasound frequency range. For the measurement purposes referred to in this
International Standard and under conditions of sufficient distance from the external transducer aperture (at least
one transducer diameter, or an equivalent transducer dimension in the case of a non-circular transducer) the
instantaneous intensity can be approximated by the derived instantaneous intensity.
3.37
near field
Replace the existing definition and note by the following:
region of the field where z < z aligned along the beam axis for planar non-focusing
T
transducers
NOTE 1 For circular planar transducers, this is at a distance less than A /πλ, where A is the output beam
ob ob
area and λ is the wavelength of the ultrasound corresponding to the acoustic frequency.
NOTE 2 If the shape of the transducer aperture produces several transition distances, the one closest to the
transducer shall be used.
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
3.38
non-linear propagation parameter
Replace the existing term, symbol and definition by the following:
local distortion parameter
σ
q
index which permits the prediction of nonlinear distortion of ultrasound for a specific
ultrasonic transducer, and is given by σ from:
q
2πf β 1
awf
(2)
σ = z p
q m
3
ρ⋅c F
a
where:
z is the axial distance of the point of interest to the transducer face;
p is the mean-peak acoustic pressure at the point in the acoustic field corresponding to
m
the spatial-peak temporal-peak acoustic pressure;
β is the nonlinearity parameter ( β = 1 + B/2A = 3,5 for pure water at 20 °C );
f is the acoustic-working frequency;
awf
F is the local area factor .
a
[SOURCE: IEC/TS 61949:2007, definition 3.12, modified – the text of the definition has
changed substantially, the equation however is unchanged.]
3.43
peak acoustic pressure
Replace the existing symbol by: “p (or p ) or p (or p )”.
r - c +
3.44
peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure
Replace the existing symbol by: “p (or p )”
r -
3.45
peak-compressional acoustic pressure
Replace symbol by: “p (or p )”
c +
3.47
pulse-average intensity
I
pa
Replace, in the definition, the word “ratio” by “quotient”.
Add the following new note and number the existing note as Note 2.:
NOTE 1 This definition applies to pulses and bursts.
3.51
pulse repetition period
Delete, in Note 1, the second sentence ("See also IEC 60469-1:1987, 5.3.2.1.").
3.52
pulse repetition rate
Delete Note 1.
Renumber Note 2 as Note.
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
– 6 – 62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013
3.65
temporal-average intensity
Replace the existing Note 1 by the following:
NOTE 1 The time-average should be taken over an integral number of acoustic repetition periods.
Add the following new Note 2 and renumber the existing Note 2 as Note 3:
NOTE 2 (Relating to ultrasonic medical diagnostic systems) in principle, the temporal-average intensity is an
average over a relatively long time interval. For non-auto-scanning systems, the instantaneous intensity should
be averaged over one or more pulse repetition periods. For auto-scanning systems, the instantaneous
intensity should be averaged over one or more scan repetition periods for a specified operating mode.
3.76
ultrasonic transducer element group dimensions
Replace, in the definition, the term “ultrasonic transducer element group” by “ultrasonic
transducer element group” (bold font for the entire term).
Add the following new definitions:
3.78
derived instantaneous intensity
quotient of squared instantaneous acoustic pressure and characteristic acoustic impedance
of the medium at a particular instant in time at a particular point in an acoustic field
2
p(t)
I(t) = (1)
ρ c
where:
p(t) is the instantaneous acoustic pressure;
ρ is the density of the medium;
c is the speed of sound in the medium
NOTE 1 For measurement purposes referred to in this International Standard, the derived instantaneous
intensity is an approximation of the instantaneous intensity.
NOTE 2 Increased uncertainty should be taken into account for measurements very close to the transducer.
NOTE 3 Derived instantaneous intensity is expressed in watts per square metre (W/m2).
3.79
local area factor
F
a
square root of the ratio of the source aperture area to the beam area at the point of interest.
The relevant local beam area, A , is that for which the pulse-pressure-squared integral is
b
2
greater than 0,135 (that is, 1/e ) times the maximum value in the cross-section.
0,69A
SAeff
F = (24)
a
A
b,−6dB
NOTE If the beam profile is approximately Gaussian at the distance of interest and the area at the -6dB level,
A , is known, the local beam area can be calculated as A = A /0,69: (0,69 = 3ln(10)/10).
b,-6dB b b,-6dB
[SOURCE: IEC/TS 61949:2007, definition 3.11 modified – the third sentence of the original
definition has been changed into a note.]
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SIST EN 62127-1:2008/A1:2014
62127-1 Amend.1 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
3.80
number of pulses per ultrasonic scan line
n
pps
the number of acoustic pulses travelling along a particular ultrasonic scan line
NOTE 1 Here ultrasonic scan line refers to the path of acoustic pulses on a particular beam axis in scanning
and non-scanning modes.
NOTE 2 This number can be used in the calculation of any ultrasound temporal average value from hydrophone
measurements.
NOTE 3 The following shows an example of the number of pulses per ultrasonic scanline and the number of
ultrasonic scanlines (shows the end of a frame):
1 2 3 4; 1 2 3 4; 1 2 3 4… n =1; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; … n =2; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4; 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4; … n = 4; n = 4
pps sl
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4; … n = 4; n = 4 (within one frame the pulses
pps sl
down each line may not occur contiguously)
Within one frame, all scan lines may not have the same npps value.
An example is: 1 2 2 3 3 4; 1 2 2 3 3 4; … avg n =1,5; max n = 2; n = 4
pps pps sl
[SOURCE: IEC 61157:2007/Amendment 1—, definition 3.45]
3.81
number of ultrasonic scanlines
n
sl
the number of ultrasonic scanlines that are excited during one scan repetition period
NOTE This number can be used in the calculation of any ultrasound temporal average value from hydrophone
measurements.
[SOURCE: IEC 61157:2007/Amendment 1—, definition 3.46]
3.82
source aperture area
A
SAeff
equivalent aperture area for an ultrasonic transducer of unknown characteristics, measured
as the area inside the –20 dB pulse-pressure-squared-integral contour in the closest
possible measurement plane (source aperture plane) to the external transducer aperture
NOTE 1 See Figure 3.
2
NOTE 2 Source aperture area is expressed in square metres (m ).
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