SIST EN 13084-1:2007
(Main)Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
This European Standard deals with the general requirements and the basic performance criteria for the design and construction of all types of free standing chimneys including their liners. A chimney may also be considered as free standing, if it is guyed or laterally supported or if it stands on another structure.
Chimneys attached to buildings should be considered as free-standing chimneys in accordance with this European Standard when at least one of the following criteria is met:
- the distance between the lateral supports is more than 4 m;
- the free-standing height above the uppermost structural attachment is more than 3 m;
- the free-standing height above the uppermost structural attachment for chimneys with rectangular cross section is more than five times the smallest external dimension;
- the horizontal distance between the building and the outer surface of the chimney is more than 1 m.
Chimneys attached to free-standing masts are considered as free-standing chimneys.
The structural design of free-standing chimneys takes into account operational conditions and other actions to verify mechanical resistance and stability and safety in use. Detailed requirements relating to specialized designs are given in the standards for concrete chimneys, steel chimneys and liners.
NOTE In other parts of the series EN 13084 rules will be given where chimney products in accordance with EN 1443
(and the relating product standards) may be used in free-standing chimneys.
Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm behandelt die allgemeinen Anforderungen und die Grundkriterien für Entwurf, Berechnung und Konstruktion aller Arten von freistehenden Schornsteinen, einschließlich deren Innenrohre. Ein Schornstein kann auch dann als freistehend betrachtet werden, wenn er abgespannt oder seitlich abgestützt ist oder auf einem anderen Bauwerk steht.
An einem Gebäude seitlich abgestützte Schornsteine sind im Sinne dieser Europäischen Norm als freistehende Schornsteine zu betrachten, wenn mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien erfüllt ist:
- der Abstand zwischen den seitlichen Abstützungen ist größer als 4 m;
- die freistehende Höhe über der obersten statisch wirksamen Abstützung ist größer als 3 m;
- die freistehende Höhe über der obersten statisch wirksamen Abstützung bei Schornsteinen mit einem rechtwinkligen Querschnitt beträgt mehr als das fünffache des kleinsten Außenmaßes;
- der horizontale Abstand zwischen dem Gebäude und der Außenfläche des Schornsteines ist größer als 1 m.
An freistehenden Masten befestigte Schornsteine werden als freistehende Schornsteine betrachtet.
Die Bemessung von freistehenden Schornsteinen berücksichtigt die Betriebsbedingungen und sonstige Einwir¬kungen, um die mechanische Festigkeit, Standsicherheit und Nutzungssicherheit nachzuweisen. Detaillierte Anforderungen bezüglich der einzelnen Konstruktionsarten werden in den Normen für Beton¬schornsteine, Stahlschornsteine und Innenrohre gegeben.
ANMERKUNG Regeln für die Verwendung von Schornsteinprodukten nach EN 1443 (und der damit verbundenen Produktnormen) in freistehenden Schornsteinen werden in anderen Teilen von EN 13084 angegeben.
Cheminées autoportantes - Partie 1 : Exigences générales
La présente Norme européenne traite des exigences générales et des critères de performances fondamentaux concernant la conception et la réalisation de tous les types de cheminées autoportantes y compris leur paroi intérieure. Il est permis de considérer une cheminée comme étant autoportante si elle est haubanée ou soutenue ou si elle repose sur une autre structure.
Les cheminées attachées aux bâtiments doivent être considérées comme cheminées autoportantes si au moins un des critères suivants est satisfait :
la distance entre les supports latéraux est supérieure à 4 m ;
la hauteur autoportante au-dessus du support constructif est supérieure à 3 m ;
la hauteur autoportante au-dessus du support constructif des cheminées de section transversale rectangulaire est plus de cinq fois supérieure à la dimension extérieure la plus petite ;
la distance horizontale entre le bâtiment et la surface extérieure de la cheminée est supérieure à 1 m.
Les cheminées attachées aux poteaux autoportants sont considérées comme cheminées autoportantes.
Le calcul des cheminées autoportantes prend en considération les conditions d’opération et d’autres effets pour vérifier la résistance mécanique, la stabilité et la sécurité d’utilisation. Les exigences détaillées concernant les types de construction particuliers sont données dans les normes pour cheminées en béton, cheminées en acier et parois intérieures.
NOTE Les règles pour l’utilisation des produits de cheminées selon l’EN 1443 (et les normes de produit respectives) dans les cheminées autoportantes seront données dans les autres parties de la série EN 13084.
Prostostoječi dimniki - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirementsCheminées autoportantes - Partie 1 : Exigences généralesFreistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13084-1:2007SIST EN 13084-1:2007en91.060.40Dimniki, jaški, kanaliChimneys, shafts, ductsICS:SIST EN 13084-1:2001/AC:2006SIST EN 13084-1:20011DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13084-1:200701-maj-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13084-1February 2007ICS 91.060.40Supersedes EN 13084-1:2000
English VersionFree-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirementsCheminées autoportantes - Partie 1 : Exigences généralesFreistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 December 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13084-1:2007: E
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Performance requirements; general design.8 4.1 Materials.8 4.2 Flue gas considerations.8 4.2.1 General.8 4.2.2 Design parameters.8 4.2.3 Heat flow calculations.9 4.2.4 Flow calculations.11 4.2.5 Chemical attack.11 4.3 Environmental aspects.13 4.3.1 Noise.13 4.3.2 Temperature.13 4.3.3 Protection against falling ice.14 4.3.4 Gas tightness.14 4.4 Insulation.14 4.5 Ventilation.15 4.6 Protective coatings.15 4.7 Foundation.15 4.8 Accessories.15 4.8.1 Access.15 4.8.2 Lightning protection.16 4.8.3 Aircraft warning system.16 4.8.4 Additional accessories.17 5 Performance requirements: Structural design.17 5.1 Basic design principles.17 5.2 Actions.18 5.2.1 General.18 5.2.2 Permanent actions.18 5.2.3 Variable actions.18 5.2.4 Accidental actions.20 5.3 Imperfections.21 5.4 Foundation.21 5.5 Liner.21 6 Site activities.21 7 Inspection and maintenance.22 8 Instrumentation.22 Annex A (normative)
Gas flow calculation.23 A.1 Principal features of the method of calculation.23 A.2 Parameters related to construction type.23 A.2.1 Roughness.23 A.2.2 Thermal resistance.23 A.3 Basic values for the calculation.24
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 3 A.3.1 Air temperature.24 A.3.2 Outside air pressure.24 A.3.3 Flue gas.24 A.3.4 Gas constant.25 A.3.5 Density of outside air.26 A.3.6 Specific heat capacity.26 A.3.7 Correction factor for temperature.26 A.3.8 Flow safety coefficient.26 A.4 Determination of temperatures.27 A.4.1 Flue gas temperatures.27 A.4.2 Coefficient of cooling.27 A.4.3 Heat transmission coefficient.27 A.4.4 Internal heat transfer coefficient.28 A.5 Density of flue gas.29 A.6 Flue gas velocity.29 A.7 Pressure at entry of flue gas into chimney.30 A.7.1 Calculation of pressure.30 A.7.2 Theoretical draught available due to chimney effect.30 A.7.3 Pressure resistance of the flue gas carrying tube.30 A.7.4 Flue friction coefficient.31 A.7.5 Individual resistance coefficient.31 A.7.6 Change in pressure due to change of velocity.31 A.7.7 Pressure caused by sudden interruption of the flue gas stream (Implosion).31 A.8 Minimum velocity.32 Annex B (informative)
Site activities.37 B.1 Execution.37 B.2 Programming and coordination of works.37 B.3 Site safety.37 B.4 Local conditions.38 Bibliography.39
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13084-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 297 “Free- standing industrial chimneys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2007. This document supersedes EN 13084-1:2000 This document is part 1 of a package of standards as listed below. EN 13084-1, Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys EN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys - Part 4: Brick liners – Design and execution EN 13084-5, Free-standing chimneys - Part 5: Material for brick liners - Product specifications EN 13084-6, Free-standing chimneys - Part 6: Steel liners - Design and execution EN 13084-7, Free-standing chimneys – Part 7: Product specifications of cylindrical steel fabrications for use in single wall steel chimneys and steel liners EN 13084-8, Free-standing chimneys – Part 8: Design and execution of mast construction with satellite components Additionally applies: EN 1993-3-2, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures – Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys – Chimneys According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 5
1 Scope This European Standard deals with the general requirements and the basic performance criteria for the design and construction of all types of free-standing chimneys including their liners. A chimney may also be considered as free-standing, if it is guyed or laterally supported or if it stands on another structure.
Chimneys attached to buildings have to be structurally designed as free-standing chimneys in accordance with this European Standard when at least one of the following criteria is met:
the distance between the lateral supports is more than 4 m; the free-standing height above the uppermost structural attachment is more than 3 m;
the free-standing height above the uppermost structural attachment for chimneys with rectangular cross section is more than five times the smallest external dimension; the horizontal distance between the building and the outer surface of the chimney is more than 1 m.
Chimneys attached to free-standing masts are considered as free-standing chimneys.
The structural design of free-standing chimneys takes into account operational conditions and other actions to verify mechanical resistance and stability and safety in use. Detailed requirements relating to specialized designs are given in the standards for concrete chimneys, steel chimneys and liners.
NOTE In other parts of the series EN 13084 rules will be given where chimney products in accordance with EN 1443
(and the relating product standards) may be used in free-standing chimneys.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels EN 1418, Welding personnel - Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials EN 1443, Chimneys - General requirements EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys – Part 2: Concrete chimneys EN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys – Part 4: Brick liners – Design and execution EN 13084-5, Free-standing chimneys – Part 5: Materials for brick liners - Product specifications EN 13084-6, Free-standing chimneys – Part 6: Steel liners - Design and execution EN 13084-7, Free-standing chimneys – Part 7: Product specifications of cylindrical steel fabrications for use in single wall steel chimneys and steel liners
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 6 EN 13084-8, Free-standing chimneys – Part 8: Design and execution of mast construction with satellite components EN 1990,
Eurocode – Basis of structural design EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings EN 1991-1-4:2005, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions EN 1993-3-2, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys EN 1998-6, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 6: Towers, masts and chimneys
EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2005) EN ISO 14731, Welding co-ordination - Tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731:2006) EN ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - General rules (ISO 15607:2003) EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004) EN ISO 15610, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification based on tested welding consumables (ISO 15610:2003) EN ISO 15611, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification based on previous welding experience (ISO 15611:2003) EN ISO 15612, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure (ISO 15612:2004) EN ISO 15613, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification based on pre-production welding test (ISO 15613:2004) EN ISO 15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004) EN ISO 15614-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test - Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 15614-2:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 windshield structural shell designed for load bearing purposes and to protect the flue from wind actions
NOTE It may also function as a flue.
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 7
3.2 lining system total system, if any, which separates the flue gases from the windshield. This comprises a liner and its supports, the space between liner and windshield and insulation, where existing 3.3 liner structural membrane of the lining system 3.4 accessible space space between windshield and liner that is designed for entry by personnel 3.5 spoiler device attached to the surface of a chimney with the objective of reducing cross wind response 3.6 protective cap cap at the top of the chimney which covers the space between windshield and liner 3.7 climbing sockets threaded sockets inserted in the concrete windshield to enable climbing dogs to be attached to the surface 3.8 down draught negative pressure on the lee-side of the chimney top, which can cause the flue gases to be drawn down 3.9 guyed chimney chimney, the stability of which is ensured by guy ropes 3.10 intransient heat flow flow of heat, where the temperature of each point does not change with time 3.11 transient heat flow flow of heat, where the temperature changes with time 3.12 positive pressure pressure inside the liner which is greater than the pressure outside the liner 3.13 negative pressure pressure inside the liner which is lower than the pressure outside the liner 3.14 flue gas gaseous products of combustion or other processes, including air, which may comprise of solids or liquids 3.15 concrete chimney chimney, the windshield of which is made of concrete
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 8 3.16 steel chimney chimney, the windshield of which is made of steel 4 Performance requirements; general design 4.1 Materials Materials shall conform to the appropriate CEN or ISO standards. Where no such standards exist, other materials may be used if their properties are well defined and their suitability has been proven. This proof shall take account of the mechanical, thermal and chemical loads. For concrete and steel chimneys as well as for liners see EN 13084-2, EN 13084-4, EN 13084-5, EN 13084-6, EN 13084-7, EN 13084-8 and EN 1993-3-2. 4.2 Flue gas considerations 4.2.1 General Thermal and flow calculations shall be carried out to ensure that the flue gases will be conveyed from the combustion appliance to atmosphere taking into account the effects of the flue gases on the environment and the safety in use. However, the effect of the flue gases concerning the pollution with gaseous and particle components is not the subject matter of this standard. To carry out these calculations, design parameters as stated in 4.2.2 are required. These also apply to the assessment of chemical attack on those structural elements which are in contact with flue gases. 4.2.2 Design parameters The following design parameters shall take into account the various operating conditions during normal and defined abnormal operations: a) nature of chimney operation, whether continuous, intermittent or occasional; b) planned frequency of shut-downs for internal inspection and maintenance; c) composition of the flue gases and concentrations of chemicals in the flue gases deleterious for the chimney; d) concentration of dust and particularly of abrasive dust in the flue gas; e) mass flow of each flue gas stream; f) flue gas temperature at entry of each flue gas duct into chimney; g) range of maximum acid dew point temperatures of the flue gases; h) admissible or required pressure at entry of flue gas ducts into chimney;
i) altitude of the site and any special local topographic features (e.g. nearby hills, cliffs); j) maximum, average and minimum outside temperature; k) maximum, average and minimum atmospheric pressure;
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 9 l) maximum, average and minimum humidity of the ambient air; m) relevant design parameters used for appliances (for example boiler) to which the chimney is connected. 4.2.3 Heat flow calculations Temperatures in the flue gas carrying tube, in thermal insulating layers and in the windshield shall be determined. The drop in the temperature of the flue gases as they pass up to the outlet shall be calculated.
Values for thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient may be taken from Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Values for materials not included in these tables or values differing from these, may be taken if their source is referenced.
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 10
Table 1 — Thermal conductivities for building materials Material Description Bulk density kg/m3 TemperatureT °C Thermal conductivity
W/(m⋅K) Concrete
2400
2,1 Lightweight concrete
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0,47 0,59 0,72 0,87 0,99 1,20 Brickwork
1800 2000 2200
0,81 0,96 1,00 Acid resistant brickwork
1,2 Brickwork of diatomaceous clay
800 800 800 500 a
500 a
500 a
200 400 600 200 400 600 0,18 0,19 0,21 0,09 0,10 0,11 Cellular glass
130 20 200 300 0,05 0,09 0,12
90 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 0,038 0,045 0,053 0,064 0,076 0,090 0,122 0,168 0,230 Mineral wool resistant up to 750 °C
125
50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 0,039 0,046 0,053 0,061 0,070 0,080 0,105 0,140 0,180 Structural steel and weather resistant structural steel
7850
60 Stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 7900 7900 7980 7950 7980 8000
15 15 15 14 15 14 NOTE Where no values for bulk density and temperature are given, the thermal conductivity
may be assumed as independent of these values. a Shall only be used as insulation.
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 11
Table 2 — Heat transfer coefficientsa Zone Heat transfer coefficient . W/(m2⋅K) Inner surface of the liner 8+w b In case of accessible space between windshield and liner: outer surface of the liner inner surface of the windshield
8 8 In case of non-accessible space between windshield and liner: outer surface of the liner: temperature > 80 °C; temperature ≤ 80 °C inner surface of the windshield
20 12 8 Outer surface of the windshield 24 c a These values are approximate values which lead to sufficiently accurate results for flue gas carrying tubes with an interior diameter of more than 1 m. b w is the mean flue gas velocity in m/s. A detailed calculation of . is given in Annex A. c For verification of the suitability of the materials as regards temperature a value . = 6 W/(m2⋅K) shall be taken.
4.2.4 Flow calculations Flow calculations shall include calculations of pressure conditions inside the flue gas carrying tube and of flow velocity. They have to take into account the density of the flue gases and of the ambient air as well as energy losses, such as directional losses, losses due to friction and due to the joints.
If flue gas can permeate through the liner, for example in a brickwork liner, no positive pressure is allowed during normal operation conditions.
NOTE The start up pressure is not a normal operating condition in accordance with this European Standard. The calculation should be carried out in accordance with Annex A. In the case of chimneys with a height of less than 20 m, the calculation may be carried out in accordance with EN 13384-1, provided that the conditions given in that standard apply. 4.2.5 Chemical attack Chemical attack of the structural elements in contact with flue gases can occur by condensation of different flue gases to acid, for example sulphuric or hydrochloric acid polluted by chlorides or fluorides. Depending on the nature and period of time of the attack the chemical effect is graded into:
1) low; 2) medium; 3) high; 4) very high.
The chemical attack of flue gases containing SO3 is graded according to Table 3 depending on the period during which the temperature of the liner wall falls below the acid dew point. Periods during which the installation is out of service are to be disregarded when determining the operating hours.
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 12 Table 3 applies to flue gases containing 50 mg/m3 of SO3. In the case of other values of SO3 concentration, the operating hours given in Table 3 vary in inverse proportion to the SO3 content. If the SO3 content is not known, a 2 % conversion of SO2 into SO3 may be assumed unless other values can be proven.
For other flue gases, the level of chemical attack shall be determined by other methods. The temperature of the acid dew point of flue gases containing water vapour (H2O) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) can be taken from Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Temperature of the acid dew point, TADP, of flue gases containing water vapour (H2O) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) Table 3 — Chemical attack due to flue gases containing 50 mg/m3 of SO3 Operating hours per year a Liner face in contact with flue gas Parts of the chimney protected by the liner Degree of chemical attack TADP > 150 °C TADP ≤ 150 °C TADP > 150 °C TADP ≤ 150 °C Low < 10 < 30 < 50 < 150 Medium 10 to 50 30 to 150 50 to 250 150 to 750 High 50 to 1 000 150 to 3 000 250 to 5 000 750 to 15 000b Very high > 1 000 > 3 000 > 5 000 > 15 000b a
During which the temperature of the attacked component is below the acid dew point of the flue gases which are in contact with that component.
b
Only for interpolation purposes (see 3rd paragraph of 4.2.5), however, in no case more than 8760 h
(1 year).
EN 13084-1:2007 (E) 13 The presence of chlorides or fluorides in the flue gas condensate can radically increase corrosion rates. Estimation of the corrosion rate in these circumstances depends upon a number of complex factors and would require the advice of a corrosion expert in each individual case.
In the absence of such advice, the degree of chemical attack may be considered as "low", if the temperature of chimney components in contact with flue gas is below acid dew point for periods of less
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.