SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
(Main)Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-worn wireless communication devices - Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation and procedures (Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-worn wireless communication devices - Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation and procedures (Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
This document specifies protocols and test procedures for the reproducible and repeatable
measurement of the conservative exposure peak spatial average SAR (psSAR) induced inside
a simplified model of the head and the body by radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices,
with a defined measurement uncertainty. These protocols and procedures apply to a
significant majority of the population, including children, during the use of hand-held and
body-worn wireless communication devices. These devices include single or multiple
transmitters or antennas, and are operated with their radiating structure(s) at distances up to
200 mm from a human head or body. This document is employed to evaluate SAR compliance
of different types of wireless communication devices used next to the ear, in front of the face,
mounted on the body, operating in conjunction with other RF-transmitting, non-transmitting
devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clips), or embedded in garments. The applicable frequency
range is from 4 MHz to 10 GHz. Devices operating in the applicable frequency range can be
tested using the phantoms and other requirements defined in this document.
The device categories covered include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones, cordless
microphones, and radio transmitters in personal, desktop and laptop computers, for
multi-band operations using single or multiple antennas, including push-to-talk devices. This
document can also be applied for wireless power transfer devices operating above 4 MHz.
This document does not apply to implanted medical devices
Messverfahren für die Beurteilung der spezifischen Absorptionsrate bei der Exposition von Personen gegenüber hochfrequenten Feldern von handgehaltenen und am Körper getragenen schnurlosen Kommunikationsgeräten - Teil 1528: Körpermodelle, Messgeräte und -verfahren (Frequenzbereich von 4 MHz bis 10 GHz)
Procédure de mesure pour l'évaluation du débit d'absorption spécifique de l'exposition humaine aux champs radiofréquence produits par les dispositifs de communications sans fil tenus à la main ou portés près du corps - Partie 1528: Modèles humain, instrumentation et procédures (Plage de fréquences comprise entre 4 MHz et 10 GHz)
Merilni postopki za ocenjevanje stopnje specifične absorpcije pri izpostavljenosti ljudi elektromagnetnim sevanjem brezžičnih komunikacijskih naprav, ki se držijo v roki ali pritrdijo na telo - 1528. del: Modeli človeka, instrumenti in postopki (frekvenčno območje od 4 MHz do 10 GHz)
Ta dokument določa protokole in preskusne postopke za standardizirano in ponovljivo merjenje konservativnega največjega prostorskega povprečja izpostavljenosti SAR (psSAR), induciranega znotraj poenostavljenega modela glave in telesa z radiofrekvenčnimi (RF) oddajnimi napravami, z opredeljeno merilno negotovostjo. Ti protokoli in postopki veljajo za veliko večino prebivalstva, vključno z otroki, pri uporabi komunikacijskih naprav, ki se držijo v roki ali pritrdijo na telo. Te naprave imajo enega ali več oddajnikov oziroma anten in delujejo s svojimi sevalnimi strukturami na razdaljah do 200 mm od človeške glave ali telesa. Ta dokument se uporablja za oceno skladnosti SAR različnih vrst brezžičnih komunikacijskih naprav, ki se uporabljajo ob ušesu, pred obrazom, so nameščene na telesu, delujejo v povezavi z drugimi napravami ali dodatki (npr. sponke za pas), ki oddajajo ali ne oddajajo radiofrekvenčne energije, ali so vdelane v oblačila. Naprave delujejo v frekvenčnem območju od 4 MHz do 10 GHz. Naprave, ki delujejo v ustreznem frekvenčnem območju, je mogoče
preskusiti z uporabo fantomov in drugih zahtev, opredeljenih v tem dokumentu.
Zajete kategorije naprav med drugim vključujejo mobilne telefone, brezžične mikrofone in radijske oddajnike v osebnih, namiznih in prenosnih računalnikih za večpasovne operacije z uporabo ene ali več anten, vključno z napravami PTT (push-to-talk). Ta dokument je mogoče uporabiti tudi za naprave za brezžični prenos energije, ki delujejo pri frekvenci več kot 4 MHz.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za vsajene medicinske pripomočke
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
01-februar-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62209-1:2017
SIST EN 62209-2:2010
SIST EN 62209-2:2010/A1:2019
Merilni postopki za ocenjevanje stopnje specifične absorpcije pri izpostavljenosti
ljudi elektromagnetnim sevanjem brezžičnih komunikacijskih naprav, ki se držijo v
roki ali pritrdijo na telo - 1528. del: Modeli človeka, instrumenti in postopki
(frekvenčno območje od 4 MHz do 10 GHz)
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human
exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-worn wireless
communication devices - Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation and procedures
(Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2021
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
33.050.10 Telefonska oprema Telephone equipment
SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 17.220.20 Supersedes EN 62209-1:2016, EN 62209-2:2010 and all
of its amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific
absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency fields from
hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices -
Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation, and procedures
(Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
(IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020)
Procédure de mesure pour l'évaluation du débit Messverfahren für die Beurteilung der spezifischen
d'absorption spécifique de l'exposition humaine aux champs Absorptionsrate bei der Exposition von Personen
radiofréquence produits par les dispositifs de gegenüber hochfrequenten Feldern von handgehaltenen
communications sans fil tenus à la main ou portés près du und am Körper getragenen schnurlosen
corps - Partie 1528: Modèles humain, instrumentation et Kommunikationsgeräten - Teil 1528: Körpermodelle,
procédures (Plage de fréquences comprise entre 4 MHz et Messgeräte und -verfahren (Frequenzbereich von 4 MHz
10 GHz) bis 10 GHz)
(IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020) (IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-06-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2021 E
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2021) consists of the text of IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
prepared by IEC/TC 106 "Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields
associated with human exposure".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022-05-19
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024-11-19
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62209-1:2016 and EN 62209-2:2010 and all of their amendments and
corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (not modified)
IEC 62479:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62479:2010 (modified)
IEC 62311:2019 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62311:2020 (not modified)
IEC 60154-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60154-2
ISO 10012:2003 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 10012:2003 (not modified)
ISO/IEC 17043:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010 (not modified)
2
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2021 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62209-3 2019 Measurement procedure for the EN IEC 62209-3 2019
assessment of specific absorption rate of
human exposure to radio frequency
fields from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices - Part 3:
Vector measurement-based systems
(Frequency range of 600 MHz to 6 GHz)
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: - -
Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
IEC/IEEE 62209-1528
®
Edition 1.0 2020-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of
human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices –
Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation, and procedures
(Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8533-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
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SIST EN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2022
– 2 – IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
© IEC/IEEE 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms and definitions . 18
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 26
4.1 Physical quantities . 26
4.2 Constants . 26
4.3 Abbreviated terms . 27
5 Quick start guide and evaluation plan checklist . 28
6 Measurement system specifications . 30
6.1 General requirements for full SAR testing . 30
6.2 Phantom specifications . 31
6.2.1 General . 31
6.2.2 Basic phantom parameters . 31
6.2.3 Head phantom . 33
6.2.4 Flat phantom . 34
6.2.5 Device-specific phantoms . 35
6.3 Influence of hand on SAR in head . 35
6.4 Scanning system requirements . 36
6.5 Device holder specifications . 36
6.6 Characteristics of the readout electronics . 37
7 Protocol for SAR assessment . 37
7.1 General . 37
7.2 Measurement preparation . 37
7.2.1 Preparation of tissue-equivalent medium and system check. 37
7.2.2 Preparation of the wireless communication DUT . 38
7.2.3 DUT operating mode requirements . 38
7.2.4 Positioning of the DUT relative to the phantom . 40
7.2.5 Antenna configurations . 57
7.2.6 Options and accessories . 57
7.2.7 DUTs with alternative form factor . 57
7.2.8 Test frequencies for DUTs . 58
7.3 Tests to be performed for DUTs . 58
7.3.1 General . 58
7.3.2 Basic approach for DUT testing . 59
7.4 Measurement procedure . 60
7.4.1 General . 60
7.4.2 Full SAR testing procedure . 60
7.4.3 Drift . 64
7.4.4 SAR measurements of DUTs with multiple antennas or multiple
transmitters . 66
7.5 Post-processing of SAR measurement data . 72
7.5.1 Interpolation . 72
7.5.2 Extrapolation . 72
7.5.3 Definition of the averaging volume . 72
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© IEC/IEEE 2020
7.5.4 Searching for the maxima . 73
7.6 Time-period averaged SAR considerations. 73
7.6.1 General . 73
7.6.2 RF conducted power . 73
7.6.3 Time-period averaged SAR measurement settings for SAR
measurement methods . 73
7.6.4 Exposure condition and test position considerations . 74
7.6.5 Time-period averaged SAR for simultaneous transmission . 74
7.6.6 TX factor assessment . 74
7.6.7 SAR measurements . 75
7.6.8 Uncertainty in TPAS evaluations . 75
7.7 Proximity sensors considerations . 76
7.7.1 General . 76
7.7.2 Procedures for determining proximity sensor triggering distances . 77
7.7.3 Procedure for determining proximity sensor coverage area . 80
7.7.4 SAR measurement procedure involving proximity sensors . 81
7.8 SAR correction for deviations of complex permittivity from targets . 81
7.8.1 General . 81
7.8.2 SAR correction formula . 82
7.8.3 Uncertainty of the correction formula . 83
7.9 Minimization of testing time . 83
7.9.1 General . 83
7.9.2 Fast SAR testing. 84
7.9.3 SAR test reductions . 89
8 Measurement uncertainty estimation. 100
8.1 General . 100
8.2 Requirements on the uncertainty evaluation . 101
8.3 Description of uncertainty models . 102
8.3.1 General . 102
8.3.2 SAR measurement of a DUT . 102
8.3.3 System validation and system check measurement . 102
8.3.4 System check repeatability and reproducibility . 102
8.3.5 Fast SAR testing (relative measurement) . 102
8.4 Parameters contributing to uncertainty . 104
8.4.1 Measurement system errors. 104
8.4.2 Phantom and device (DUT or validation antenna) errors . 105
8.4.3 Corrections to the SAR result (if applied) . 107
9 Measurement report . 108
9.1 General . 108
9.2 Items to be recorded in the measurement report . 108
Annex A (normative) SAR measurement system verification . 112
A.1 Overview. 112
A.2 System check . 112
A.2.1 Purpose . 112
A.2.2 Phantom set-up . 113
A.2.3 System check antenna . 113
A.2.4 System check antenna input power measurement . 114
A.2.5 System check procedure . 115
A.2.6 System check acceptance criteria . 116
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A.3 System validation . 116
A.3.1 Purpose . 116
A.3.2 Phantom set-up . 116
A.3.3 System validation antennas . 116
A.3.4 Input power measurement . 117
A.3.5 System validation procedure . 117
A.4 Fast SAR testing system validation and system check . 119
A.4.1 General . 119
A.4.2 Fast SAR testing system validation . 119
A.4.3 Fast SAR testing system check . 120
Annex B (informative) SAR test reduction supporting information . 122
B.1 General . 122
B.2 Test reduction based on characteristics of DUT design . 122
B.2.1 General . 122
B.2.2 Statistical analysis overview . 122
B.2.3 Analysis results . 123
B.2.4 Conclusions . 126
B.2.5 Expansion to multi-transmission antennas . 126
B.3 Test reduction based on analysis of SAR results on other signal modulations . 126
B.3.1 General . 126
B.3.2 Analysis results . 127
B.4 Test reduction based on SAR level analysis . 128
B.4.1 General . 128
B.4.2 Statistical analysis . 129
B.4.3 Test reduction applicability example . 132
B.5 Other statistical approaches to search for the high SAR test configurations . 134
B.5.1 General . 134
B.5.2 Test reductions based on a DOE . 134
B.5.3 One factor at a time (OFAT) search . 134
B.5.4 Analysis of unstructured data . 134
Annex C (informative) Measurement uncertainty of results obtained from specific fast
SAR testing methods . 135
C.1 General . 135
C.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation – contributing parameters . 135
C.2.1 General . 135
C.2.2 Probe calibration and system calibration drift . 136
C.2.3 Isotropy . 136
C.2.4 Probe positioning . 137
C.2.5 Mutual sensor coupling . 138
C.2.6 Scattering within the probe array . 139
C.2.7 Sampling error . 139
C.2.8 Array boundaries . 139
C.2.9 Probe or probe array coupling with the DUT . 139
C.2.10 Measurement system immunity / secondary reception . 139
C.2.11 Deviations in phantom shape . 140
C.2.12 Spatial variation in dielectric properties . 140
C.2.13 Reconstruction . 140
C.3 Uncertainty budget . 140
Annex D (normative) SAR system validation antennas . 143
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D.1 General antenna requirements . 143
D.2 Standard dipole antenna . 143
D.2.1 Mechanical description . 143
D.2.2 Numerical target SAR values . 146
D.3 Standard waveguide . 148
D.3.1 Mechanical description . 148
D.3.2 Numerical target SAR values . 149
D.4 System validation antennas for below 150 MHz . 149
D.4.1 General . 149
D.4.2 Confined loop antenna . 150
D.4.3 Meander dipole antenna . 152
D.5 Orthogonal E-field source – VPIFA . 153
D.5.1 Mechanical description . 153
D.5.2 Numerical target SAR values . 156
Annex E (normative) Calibration and characterization of dosimetric (SAR) probes . 157
E.1 Introductory remarks . 157
E.2 Linearity . 158
E.3 Assessment of the sensitivity of the dipole sensors . 158
E.3.1 General . 158
E.3.2 Two-step calibration procedures . 158
E.3.3 One-step calibration procedure – reference antenna method . 164
E.3.4 One-step calibration procedure – coaxial calorimeter method . 168
E.4 Isotropy . 170
E.4.1 Axial isotropy . 170
E.4.2 Hemispherical isotropy . 170
E.5 Lower detection limit . 175
E.6 Boundary effect. 176
E.7 Response time . 176
Annex F (informative) Example recipes for phantom tissue-equivalent media . 177
F.1 General . 177
F.2 Ingredients . 177
F.3 Tissue-equivalent medium liquid formulas (permittivity/conductivity) . 178
Annex G (normative) Phantom specifications . 180
G.1 Rationale for the phantom characteristics . 180
G.1.1 General . 180
G.1.2 Rationale for the SAM phantom . 180
G.1.3 Rationale for the flat phantom . 180
G.2 SAM phantom specifications . 181
G.2.1 General SAM phantom specifications. 181
G.2.2 SAM phantom shell specification . 185
G.3 Flat phantom specifications . 187
G.4 Justification of flat phantom dimensions . 188
G.5 Rationale for tissue-equivalent media .
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
01-november-2020
Merilni postopki za ocenjevanje stopnje specifične absorpcije pri izpostavljenosti
ljudi elektromagnetnim sevanjem brezžičnih komunikacijskih naprav, ki se držijo v
roki ali pritrdijo na telo - 1528. del: Modeli človeka, instrumenti in postopki
(frekvenčno območje od 4 MHz do 10 GHz)
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human
exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-worn wireless
communication devices - Part 1528: Human models, instrumentation and procedures
(Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
33.050.10 Telefonska oprema Telephone equipment
oSIST prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
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oSIST prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
106/514/FDIS
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD (FDIS)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC/IEEE 62209-1528 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2020-04-10 2020-05-22
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
106/464/CDV, 106/475C/RVC
IEC TC 106 : METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN
EXPOSURE
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr Diego Cuartielles
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 9,TC 27,TC 29,TC 34,SC 62A,SC 62B,TC 69,TC
77,TC 79,TC 96,TC 100,TC 124,CISPR
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
This document is a draft distributed for approval. It may not be referred to as an International Standard until published as
such.
In addition to their evaluation as being acceptable for industrial, technological, commercial and user purposes, Final Draft
International Standards may on occasion have to be considered in the light of their potential to become standards to which
reference may be made in national regulations.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they
are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio
frequency fields from hand-held and body-worn wireless communication devices - Part 1528: Human
models, instrumentation and procedures (Frequency range of 4 MHz to 10 GHz)
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2022
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2020 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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oSIST prEN IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020
– 2 – IEC/IEEE FDIS 62209-1528
IEC/IEEE 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms and definitions . 18
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 26
4.1 Physical quantities . 26
4.2 Constants . 26
4.3 Abbreviated terms . 27
5 Quick start guide and evaluation plan checklist . 28
6 Measurement system specifications . 30
6.1 General requirements for full SAR testing . 30
6.2 Phantom specifications . 31
6.2.1 General . 31
6.2.2 Basic phantom parameters . 31
6.2.3 Head phantom . 33
6.2.4 Flat phantom . 34
6.2.5 Device-specific phantoms . 35
6.3 Influence of hand on SAR in head . 35
6.4 Scanning system requirements . 36
6.5 Device holder specifications . 36
6.6 Characteristics of the readout electronics . 37
7 Protocol for SAR assessment . 37
7.1 General . 37
7.2 Measurement preparation . 37
7.2.1 Preparation of tissue-equivalent medium and system check. 37
7.2.2 Preparation of the wireless communication DUT . 38
7.2.3 DUT operating mode requirements . 38
7.2.4 Positioning of the DUT relative to the phantom . 40
7.2.5 Antenna configurations . 57
7.2.6 Options and accessories . 57
7.2.7 DUTs with alternative form factor . 57
7.2.8 Test frequencies for DUTs . 58
7.3 Tests to be performed for DUTs . 58
7.3.1 General . 58
7.3.2 Basic approach for DUT testing . 59
7.4 Measurement procedure . 60
7.4.1 General . 60
7.4.2 Full SAR testing procedure . 60
7.4.3 Drift . 64
7.4.4 SAR measurements of DUTs with multiple antennas or multiple
transmitters . 66
7.5 Post-processing of SAR measurement data . 72
7.5.1 Interpolation . 72
7.5.2 Extrapolation . 72
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IEC/IEEE FDIS 62209-1528 – 3 –
IEC/IEEE 2020
7.5.3 Definition of the averaging volume . 72
7.5.4 Searching for the maxima . 73
7.6 Time-period averaged SAR considerations. 73
7.6.1 General . 73
7.6.2 RF conducted power . 73
7.6.3 Time-period averaged SAR measurement settings for SAR
measurement methods . 73
7.6.4 Exposure condition and test position considerations . 74
7.6.5 Time-period averaged SAR for simultaneous transmission . 74
7.6.6 TX factor assessment . 74
7.6.7 SAR measurements . 75
7.6.8 Uncertainty in TPAS evaluations . 75
7.7 Proximity sensors considerations . 76
7.7.1 General . 76
7.7.2 Procedures for determining proximity sensor triggering distances . 77
7.7.3 Procedure for determining proximity sensor coverage area . 80
7.7.4 SAR measurement procedure involving proximity sensors . 81
7.8 SAR correction for deviations of complex permittivity from targets . 81
7.8.1 General . 81
7.8.2 SAR correction formula . 82
7.8.3 Uncertainty of the correction formula . 83
7.9 Minimization of testing time . 83
7.9.1 General . 83
7.9.2 Fast SAR testing. 84
7.9.3 SAR test reductions . 89
8 Measurement uncertainty estimation. 100
8.1 General . 100
8.2 Requirements on the uncertainty evaluation . 101
8.3 Description of uncertainty models . 102
8.3.1 General . 102
8.3.2 SAR measurement of a DUT . 102
8.3.3 System validation and system check measurement . 102
8.3.4 System check repeatability and reproducibility . 102
8.3.5 Fast SAR testing (relative measurement) . 102
8.4 Parameters contributing to uncertainty . 104
8.4.1 Measurement system errors. 104
8.4.2 Phantom and device (DUT or validation antenna) errors . 105
8.4.3 Corrections to the SAR result (if applied) . 107
9 Measurement report . 108
9.1 General . 108
9.2 Items to be recorded in the measurement report . 108
Annex A (normative) SAR measurement system verification . 112
A.1 Overview. 112
A.2 System check . 112
A.2.1 Purpose . 112
A.2.2 Phantom set-up . 113
A.2.3 System check antenna . 113
A.2.4 System check antenna input power measurement . 114
A.2.5 System check procedure . 115
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A.2.6 System check acceptance criteria . 116
A.3 System validation . 116
A.3.1 Purpose . 116
A.3.2 Phantom set-up . 116
A.3.3 System validation antennas . 116
A.3.4 Input power measurement . 117
A.3.5 System validation procedure . 117
A.4 Fast SAR testing system validation and system check . 119
A.4.1 General . 119
A.4.2 Fast SAR testing system validation . 119
A.4.3 Fast SAR testing system check . 120
Annex B (informative) SAR test reduction supporting information . 122
B.1 General . 122
B.2 Test reduction based on characteristics of DUT design . 122
B.2.1 General . 122
B.2.2 Statistical analysis overview . 122
B.2.3 Analysis results . 123
B.2.4 Conclusions . 126
B.2.5 Expansion to multi-transmission antennas . 126
B.3 Test reduction based on analysis of SAR results on other signal modulations . 126
B.3.1 General . 126
B.3.2 Analysis results . 127
B.4 Test reduction based on SAR level analysis . 128
B.4.1 General . 128
B.4.2 Statistical analysis . 129
B.4.3 Test reduction applicability example . 132
B.5 Other statistical approaches to search for the high SAR test configurations . 134
B.5.1 General . 134
B.5.2 Test reductions based on a DOE . 134
B.5.3 One factor at a time (OFAT) search . 134
B.5.4 Analysis of unstructured data . 134
Annex C (informative) Measurement uncertainty of results obtained from specific fast
SAR testing methods . 135
C.1 General . 135
C.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation – contributing parameters . 135
C.2.1 General . 135
C.2.2 Probe calibration and system calibration drift . 136
C.2.3 Isotropy . 136
C.2.4 Probe positioning . 137
C.2.5 Mutual sensor coupling . 138
C.2.6 Scattering within the probe array . 139
C.2.7 Sampling error . 139
C.2.8 Array boundaries . 139
C.2.9 Probe or probe array coupling with the DUT . 139
C.2.10 Measurement system immunity / secondary reception . 139
C.2.11 Deviations in phantom shape . 140
C.2.12 Spatial variation in dielectric properties . 140
C.2.13 Reconstruction . 140
C.3 Uncertainty budget . 140
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Annex D (normative) SAR system validation antennas . 143
D.1 General antenna requirements . 143
D.2 Standard dipole antenna . 143
D.2.1 Mechanical description . 143
D.2.2 Numerical target SAR values . 146
D.3 Standard waveguide . 148
D.3.1 Mechanical description . 148
D.3.2 Numerical target SAR values . 149
D.4 System validation antennas for below 150 MHz . 149
D.4.1 General . 149
D.4.2 Confined loop antenna . 150
D.4.3 Meander dipole antenna . 152
D.5 Orthogonal E-field source – VPIFA . 153
D.5.1 Mechanical description . 153
D.5.2 Numerical target SAR values . 156
Annex E (normative) Calibration and characterization of dosimetric (SAR) probes . 157
E.1 Introductory remarks . 157
E.2 Linearity . 158
E.3 Assessment of the sensitivity of the dipole sensors . 158
E.3.1 General . 158
E.3.2 Two-step calibration procedures . 158
E.3.3 One-step calibration procedure – reference antenna method . 164
E.3.4 One-step calibration procedure – coaxial calorimeter method . 168
E.4 Isotropy . 170
E.4.1 Axial isotropy . 170
E.4.2 Hemispherical isotropy . 170
E.5 Lower detection limit . 175
E.6 Boundary effect. 176
E.7 Response time . 176
Annex F (informative) Example recipes for phantom tissue-equivalent media . 177
F.1 General . 177
F.2 Ingredients . 177
F.3 Tissue-equivalent medium liquid formulas (permittivity/conductivity) . 178
Annex G (normative) Phantom specifications . 180
G.1 Rationale for the phantom characteristics . 180
G.1.1 General . 180
G.1.2 Rationale for the SAM phantom . 180
G.1.3 Rationale for the flat phantom . 180
G.2 SAM phantom specifications . 181
G.2.1 General SAM phantom specifications. 181
G.2.2 SAM phantom shell specification . 185
G.3 Flat phantom specifications . 187
G.4 Justification of flat phantom dimensions . 188
G.5 Rationale for tissue-equivalent media . 191
G.6 Definition of a phantom coordinate system and a DUT coordinate system . 193
Annex H (informative) Measurement of the dielectric properties of tissue-equivalent
media and uncertainty estimation . 195
H.1 Overview. 195
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H.2 Measurement techniques . 195
H.2.1 General . 195
H.2.2 Instrumentation . 195
H.2.3 General principles . 195
H.3 Slotted coaxial transmission line . 196
H.3.1 General . 196
H.3.2 Equipment set-up . 196
H.3.3 Measurement procedure . 197
H.4 Contact coaxial probe . 197
H.4.1 General . 197
H.4.2 Equipment set-up . 198
H.4.3 Measurement procedure . 199
H.5 TEM transmission line . 199
H.5.1 General . 199
H.5.2 Equipment set-up . 200
H.5.3 Measurement procedure . 200
H.6 Dielectric properties of reference liquids . 201
Annex I (informative) Studies for potential hand effects on head SAR . 204
I.1 Overview. 204
I.2 Background. 204
I.2.1 General . 204
I.2.2 Hand phantoms . 205
I.3 Summary of experimental studies . 205
I.3.1 Experimental studies using fully compliant SAR measurement systems . 205
I.3.2 Experimental studies using other SAR measurement systems . 205
I.4 Summary of computational studies . 206
I.5 Conclusions . 206
Annex J (informative) Skin enhancement factor . 207
J.1 Background. 207
J.2 Rationale . 208
J.3 Simulations . 208
J.4 Recommendation . 209
Annex K (normative) Application-specific phantoms . 211
K.1 General . 211
K.2 Phantom basic requirements . 211
K.3 Examples of specific alternative phantoms . 211
K.3.1 Face-down SAM phantom .
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