SIST EN 14579:2004
(Main)Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation
Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation
This document specifies a method for the determination of the velocity of propagation of pulses of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in natural stone, both in laboratory and in situ.
Prüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit der Schallausbreitung
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Ultraschall-Longitudinalwellenimpulsen in Naturstein fest.
Méthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Détermination de la vitesse et propagation du son
Le présent document décrit une méthode pour déterminer la vitesse de propagation des impulsions des ondes ultrasoniques longitudinales dans la pierre naturelle.
Preskušanje naravnega kamna – Ugotavljanje hitrosti širjenja zvoka
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Preskušanje naravnega kamna – Ugotavljanje hitrosti širjenja zvokaPrüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit der SchallausbreitungMéthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Détermination de la vitesse et propagation du sonNatural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation91.100.15Mineralni materiali in izdelkiMineral materials and products73.020Rudarstvo in kamnolomsko izkopavanjeMining and quarryingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14579:2004SIST EN 14579:2004en01-december-2004SIST EN 14579:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14579:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14579October 2004ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 English versionNatural stone test methods - Determination of sound speedpropagationMéthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Déterminationde la vitesse de propagation du sonPrüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung derGeschwindigkeit der SchallausbreitungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 August 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14579:2004: ESIST EN 14579:2004
EN 14579:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Principle.4 3 Symbols and abbreviations.4 4 Apparatus.4 4.1 General.4 4.2 Performance requirements.4 4.3 Transducers.5 4.4 Apparatus for the determination of the arrival time of the pulse.5 4.5 Other apparatus.5 5 Preparation of the specimens.5 5.1 Sampling.5 5.2 Test specimens.5 5.2.1 General.5 5.2.2 Dimensions.5 5.2.3 The test specimens shall be prisms of 300 mm x 75 mm x 50 mm with a tolerance of ±±±± 2mm. Planes of anisotropy.5 5.2.4 Drying the specimens.5 6 Test procedure.6 6.1 General.6 6.2 Determination of Pulse Velocity.6 6.2.1 Factors influencing pulse velocity measurements.6 6.2.2 Transducer arrangement.6 6.2.3 Path length measurement.7 6.2.4 Coupling the transducer onto the stone.7 6.2.5 Measurement of the transit time.7 7 Expression of the results.7 8 Test report.8 Annex A (normative)
Determination of pulse velocity in the case of indirect transmission.9 Annex B (informative)
Factors influencing the measurement of the velocity of sound.10 B.1 General Points.10 B.2 Water Content.10 B.3 Path Length.10 B.4 Shape and sizes of the test specimens.11 B.5 Fissures and voids.11 Bibliography.12
SIST EN 14579:2004
EN 14579:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14579:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005. This standard is one of the series for tests on natural stone.
Test methods for natural stone consist of the following parts: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods – Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods – Determination of compressive strength
EN 1936, Natural stone test methods – Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity EN 12370, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation
EN 12372, Natural stone test methods – Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load
EN 12407, Natural stone test methods – Petrographic examination
EN 13161, Natural stone test methods – Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 13364, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373, Natural stone test methods – Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods – Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 13919, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by SO2 action in the presence of humidity EN 14066, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock
EN 14147, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist
EN 14205, Natural stone test methods - Determination of Knoop hardness EN 14231, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester EN 14157:2004, Natural stone test methods – Determination of abrasion resistance
EN 14158:2004, Natural stone test methods – Determination of rupture energy
EN 14579:2004, Natural stone test methods – Determination of sound speed propagation
prEN 14580:2002, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the static elastic modulus
prEN 14581:2002, Natural stone test methods – Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.SIST EN 14579:2004
EN 14579:2004 (E) 4
1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the velocity of propagation of pulses of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in natural stone, both in laboratory and in situ. 2 Principle A pulse of longitudinal vibrations is produced by an electro-acoustical transducer held in contact with one surface of the stone under test. After traversing a known path length in the stone, the pulse of vibrations is converted into an electrical signal by a second transducer and electronic timing circuits enable the transit time of the pulse to be measured. 3 Symbols and abbreviations V
pulse velocity, in km/s L
path length, in mm T
time taken by the pulse to transverse the length, in µs 4 Apparatus 4.1 General 4.1.1 The apparatus consists essentially of an electrical pulse generator, a pair of transducers, an amplifier and an electronic timing device for measuring the time interval elapsing between the onset of a pulse generated at the transmitting transducer and the onset of its arrival at the receiving transducer. 4.1.2 Two forms of electronic timing apparatus are available: a) an oscilloscope on which the first front of the pulse is displayed in relation to a suitable time scale; b) an interval timer with a direct reading digital display. NOTE An oscilloscope provides the facility for examining the wave form, which can be advantageous in complex situations. 4.2 Performance requirements The apparatus shall comply with the following performance requirements:
- to measure transit times in the calibration bar to an accuracy of ± 0,1 µs;
- to ensure a sharp pulse onset, that is the electronic excitation pulse applied to the transmitting transducer shall have a rise time of not greater than one-quarter of its natural period;
- the pulse repetition frequency shall be low enough to ensure that the onset of the received signal is free from interference by reverberations. SIST EN 14579:2004
EN 14579:2004 (E) 5 4.3 Transducers The natural frequency of the transducers shall be within the range 20 to 150 kHz. NOTE Frequencies as low as 10 kHz and as high as 200 kHz may sometimes be used. High frequency pulses have a well defined onset, but, as they pass through the natural stone, they become attenuated more rapidly than pulses of lower frequency. It is therefore preferable to use high frequency transducers (82 kHz to 200 kHz) for short path lengths (down to 50 mm) and low frequency transducers (10 kHz to 40 kHz) for long path lengths (up to a maximum of 15 m). Transducers with a frequency of 40 kHz to 82 kHz are found to be useful for most applications. 4.4 Apparatus for the determination of the arrival time of the pulse The apparatus shall be capable of determining the time of arrival of the first front of the pulse, even though this may be of small amplitude compared with that of the first half wave of the pulse. 4.5 Other apparatus A weighing instrument with an accuracy of 0,01 % of the mass to be weighed. A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (70 ± 5) °C. 5 Pre
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