SIST EN 15194:2017
(Main)Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles
Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles
This European Standard applies to EPAC bicycles for private and commercial use with exception of EPAC intended for hire from unattended station.
This European Standard is intended to cover all common significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (see Clause 4) of electrically power assisted bicycles, when used as intended and under condition of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This European Standard is intended to cover electrically power assisted bicycles of a type which have a maximum continuous rated power of 0,25 kW, of which the output is progressively reduced and finally cut off as the EPAC reaches a speed of 25 km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling.
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for engine power management systems, electrical circuits including the charging system for the design and assembly of electrically power assisted bicycles and sub-assemblies for systems having a rated voltage up to and including 48 V d.c. or integrated battery charger with a nominal 230 V a.c. input.
This European Standard specifies safety and safety related performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of EPAC bicycles and subassemblies intended for use on public roads, and lays down guidelines for instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This European Standard applies to EPAC bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and that are intended for use on public roads.
This European Standard is not applicable to EPACs which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
Fahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder - EPAC
Cycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes EPAC
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux bicyclettes à assistance électrique (EPAC) à usage privé et commercial, à l'exception des cycles destinés à la location dans une station sans surveillance.
La présente Norme européenne est destinée à traiter de tous les phénomènes dangereux significatifs, situations et événements dangereux (voir Article 4) relatifs aux bicyclettes à assistance électrique, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées dans des conditions normales et dans des conditions de mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux bicyclettes à assistance électrique d’une puissance nominale continue maximale de 0,25 kW, dont l’alimentation est réduite progressivement et finalement interrompue lorsque la bicyclette atteint une vitesse de 25 km/h, ou plus tôt, si le cycliste arrête de pédaler.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai relatives aux systèmes de gestion de la puissance du moteur, aux circuits électriques y compris au système de chargement pour la conception et l’assemblage des bicyclettes à assistance électrique et des sous-ensembles dédiés à des systèmes présentant une tension nominale allant jusqu’à 48 Vdc inclus ou intégrant un chargeur de batterie avec une entrée de 230 Vac nominal.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences de sécurité et de performance liée à la sécurité à observer lors de la conception, de l’assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes à assistance électrique destinées à une utilisation sur la voie publique et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant l'utilisation et l'entretien de celles-ci.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux bicyclettes à assistance électrique destinées à une utilisation sur la voie publique sur lesquelles la selle peut être réglée pour offrir une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale à 635 mm.
La présente Norme européenne n'est pas applicable aux EPAC qui sont fabriqués avant la date de sa publication comme EN.
Kolesa - Kolesa z električnim pomožnim pogonom - Kolesa EPAC
Ta evropski standard je namenjen obravnavi koles z električnim pomožnim pogonom, ki imajo največjo trajno nazivno moč 0,25 kW, pri čemer se izhodna moč postopno zmanjšuje in končno prekine, ko vozilo doseže hitrost 25 km/h ali prej, če kolesar preneha poganjati pedale. Ta evropski standard določa varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode za oceno načrta in montaže koles z električnim pomožnim pogonom ter podsklopov za sisteme, ki uporabljajo akumulator z enosmerno napetostjo do 48 V ali integrirani polnilnik akumulatorja z vhodno močjo 230 V. Ta evropski standard določa zahteve in preskusne metode za sisteme upravljanja porabe motorja, električne tokokroge, vključno s sistemom polnjenja, za oceno načrta in montaže koles z električnim pomožnim pogonom ter podsklopov za sisteme, ki uporabljajo akumulator z enosmerno napetostjo do vključno 48 V ali integrirani polnilnik akumulatorja z vhodno močjo 230 V.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15194:2009+A1:2012
.ROHVD.ROHVD]HOHNWULþQLPSRPRåQLPSRJRQRP.ROHVD(3$&
Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles
Fahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder - EPAC
Cycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes EPAC
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15194:2017
ICS:
43.120 (OHNWULþQDFHVWQDYR]LOD Electric road vehicles
43.150 Kolesa Cycles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 15194
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 43.120; 43.150 Supersedes EN 15194:2009+A1:2011
English Version
Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles
Cycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes Fahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder -
EPAC EPAC
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15194:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Electrical requirements . 16
4.2.1 Electric circuit . 16
4.2.2 Controls and symbols . 16
4.2.3 Batteries . 16
4.2.4 Battery charger . 17
4.2.5 Electric cables and connections . 17
4.2.6 Wiring . 18
4.2.7 Power cables and conduits . 18
4.2.8 External and internal electrical connections . 18
4.2.9 Moisture resistance . 18
4.2.10 Mechanical strength test . 19
4.2.11 Maximum speed for which the electric motor gives assistance . 19
4.2.12 Start-up assistance mode . 20
4.2.13 Power management . 21
4.2.14 Maximum power measurement — Measurement at the engine shaft . 22
4.2.15 Electro Magnetic Compatibility . 23
4.2.16 Failure mode . 23
4.2.17 Anti-tampering measure . 23
4.3 Mechanical requirements . 24
4.3.1 General . 24
4.3.2 Sharp edges . 25
4.3.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 25
4.3.4 Protrusions . 26
4.3.5 Brakes. 26
4.3.6 Steering . 39
4.3.7 Frames . 50
4.3.8 Front fork . 59
4.3.9 Wheels and wheel/tyre assembly . 67
4.3.10 Rims, tyres and tubes . 71
4.3.11 Front mudguard . 73
4.3.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 75
4.3.13 Drive-chain and drive belt . 82
4.3.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device . 83
4.3.15 Saddles and seat-posts . 87
4.3.16 Spoke protector . 93
4.3.17 Luggage carriers . 93
4.3.18 Road-test of a fully-assembled EPAC . 93
4.3.19 Lighting systems and reflectors . 94
4.3.20 Warning device . 95
4.3.21 Thermal hazards . 95
4.3.22 Performance levels (PLrs) for control system of EPACs . 95
4.4 List of significant hazards . 95
5 Marking, labelling . 96
5.1 Requirement . 96
5.2 Durability test . 97
5.2.1 Requirement . 97
5.2.2 Test method . 97
6 Instruction for use . 97
Annex A (informative) Example of recommendation for battery charging . 100
Annex B (informative) Example of relation between speed, torque and current . 101
Annex C (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility of EPAC and ESA. 104
C.1 Conditions applying to EPAC and to electrical/electronic sub-assemblies (ESA) . 104
C.1.1 Marking . 104
C.1.2 Requirements . 104
C.2 Method of measuring broad-band electromagnetic radiation from EPA . 108
C.2.1 Measuring equipment . 108
C.2.2 Test method . 109
C.2.3 Measurement . 109
C.3 Method of measuring narrow band electromagnetic radiation from EPAC . 109
C.3.1 General . 109
C.3.2 Antenna type, position and orientation . 109
C.4 Methods of testing EPAC immunity to electromagnetic radiation . 110
C.4.1 General . 110
C.4.2 Expression of results . 110
C.4.3 Test conditions . 110
C.4.4 State of the EPAC during the tests . 110
C.4.5 Type, position and orientation of the field generator . 111
C.4.6 Requisite test and condition . 112
C.4.7 Generation of the requisite field strength . 112
C.4.8 Inspection and monitoring equipment . 114
C.5 Method of measuring broad-band electromagnetic radiation from separate technical
units (ESA) . 114
C.5.1 General . 114
C.5.2 State of the ESA during the test . 114
C.5.3 Antenna type, position and orientation . 114
C.6 Method of measuring narrow-band electromagnetic radiation from separate
technical units (ESAs). 114
C.6.1 General . 114
C.6.2 Test conditions . 114
C.6.3 State of the ESA during the tests . 114
C.6.4 Antenna type, position and orientation . 114
C.7 Methods of testing the ESA immunity to electromagnetic radiation . 115
C.7.1 General . 115
C.7.2 Expression of results . 115
C.7.3 Test conditions . 115
C.7.4 State of the ESA during the tests . 115
C.7.5 Requisite test and condition . 115
C.7.6 Generation of the requisite field strength . 116
C.7.7 Inspection and monitoring equipment . 116
C.8 ESD test . 117
Annex D (informative) Steering geometry . 118
Annex E (normative) Dummy fork characteristics . 119
Annex F (informative) Explanation of the method of least squares for obtaining line of best
fit and ± 20 % limit lines for braking performance linearity . 121
Annex G (normative) Fork mounting fixture . 124
Annex H (informative) Wheel/tyre assembly - Fatigue test . 125
H.1 Requirements . 125
H.2 Test method . 125
Annex I (normative) Light, warning device, on/off symbols . 127
Annex J (informative) Walk assist mode symbols . 128
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 129
Bibliography . 134
European foreword
This document (EN 15194:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the
secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15194:2009+A1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Compared to the previous edition, this standard has been revised to align it to the essential applicable
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery Directive).
This standard also includes all mechanic requirements applicable to the EPACs and is therefore a stand-
alone document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard gives requirements for electrically power assisted cycles (EPAC).
This European Standard has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe. Its aim is to
provide a standard for the assessment of electrically powered cycles of a type which are excluded from
type approval by Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.
Due to the limitation of the voltage to 48 V d.c., there are no special requirements applicable to the
EPAC in regard to protection against electrical hazards.
Following the completion of a risk analysis, the focus in this standard is on EPAC as bicycles for city and
trekking. Folding bicycles are included.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent
to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
In real life situation an EPAC can fall over to the side causing the battery holder to break without
damage to the battery case itself. While the standard contains a strength test for the battery an
additional test is required for the situation described. This will be considered at the next revision. The
battery holder needs to withstand this realistic and typical situation. Risk assessment carried out by the
manufacturer should identify suitable measures to deal with this situation until it can be dealt with in
the standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to EPAC bicycles for private and commercial use with exception of
EPAC intended for hire from unattended station.
This European Standard is intended to cover all common significant hazards, hazardous situations and
events (see Clause 4) of electrically power assisted bicycles, when used as intended and under condition
of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This European Standard is intended to cover electrically power assisted bicycles of a type which have a
maximum continuous rated power of 0,25 kW, of which the output is progressively reduced and finally
cut off as the EPAC reaches a speed of 25 km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling.
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for engine power management
systems, electrical circuits including the charging system for the design and assembly of electrically
power assisted bicycles and sub-assemblies for systems having a rated voltage up to and including
48 V d.c. or integrated battery charger with a nominal 230 V a.c. input.
This European Standard specifies safety and safety related performance requirements for the design,
assembly, and testing of EPAC bicycles and subassemblies intended for use on public roads, and lays
down guidelines for instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This European Standard applies to EPAC bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or
more and that are intended for use on public roads.
This European Standard is not applicable to EPACs which are manufactured before the date of its
publication as EN.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 22248:1992, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Vertical impact test by dropping
(ISO 2248:1985)
EN 55012:2007, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines — Radio disturbance characteristics —
Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers (CISPR 12:2007)
EN 55016-1-1:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods — Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus — Measuring apparatus
(CISPR 16-1-1:2010)
EN 55025:2008, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines — Radio disturbance characteristics —
Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers (CISPR 25:2008)
EN 60034-1:2010, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1:2010,
modified)
EN 60068-2-75:2014, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer tests (IEC 60068-2-
75:2014)
EN 60335-1:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60335-1:2010, modified)
HD 60364-5-52:2011, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment — Wiring systems (IEC 60364-5-52:2009, modified)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61000-4-2:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-2:2008)
EN ISO 7010:2012, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
(ISO 7010:2011)
EN ISO 11243:2016, Cycles — Luggage carriers for bicycles — Requirements and test methods
(ISO 11243:2016)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
ISO 5775-1:2014, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 1: Tyre designations and dimensions
ISO 5775-2:2015, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 2: Rims
ISO 6742-1:2015, Cycles -- Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 1: Lighting and light signalling
devices
ISO 6742-2:2015, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 9633:2001, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods
ISO 11451-1:2015, Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 1: General principles and terminology
ISO 11452-1:2015, Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 1: General principles and terminology
ISO 11452-2:2004, Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 2: Absorber-lined shielded enclosure
ISO 11452-3:2016, Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell
ISO 11452-4:2011, Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 4: Harness excitation methods
ISO 11452-5:2002, Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 5: Stripline
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
cycle
vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the
person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals
3.2
bicycle
two-wheeled vehicle that is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that
vehicle, in particular by means of pedals
3.3
electrically power assisted cycle
EPAC
cycle, equipped with pedals and an auxiliary electric motor, which cannot be propelled exclusively by
means of this auxiliary electric motor, except in the start-up assistance mode
3.4
city and trekking bicycle
bicycle designed for use on public roads primarily for means of transportation or leisure
3.5
mountain-bicycle
bicycle designed for use off-road on rough terrain, on public roads and on public pathways equipped
with a suitably strengthened frame and other components, and, typically, with wide-section tyres with
coarse tread patterns and a wide range of transmission gears
3.6
racing-bicycle
bicycle intended for high-speed amateur use on public roads having a steering assembly with multiple
grip positions allowing for an aerodynamic posture, a multi-speed transmission system, tyre width not
greater than 28 mm, and a maximum mass of 12 kg for the fully assembled bicycle
3.7
recumbent bicycle
bicycle that places the rider in a laid-back reclining position
3.8
young adult bicycle
bicycle designed for use on public roads by a young adult whose weight is less than 40 kg with
maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and less than 750 mm
3.9
fully assembled bicycle
bicycle fitted with all the components necessary for its intended use
3.10
folding bicycle
bicycle designed to fold into a compact form, facilitating transport and storage
3.11
bar-end
extension secured to the end of a handlebar to provide an additional hand-grip and usually with its axis
perpendicular to the axis of the end of the handlebar
3.12
brake-lever
lever that operates a braking device
3.13
disc-brake
brake in which pads are used to grip the lateral faces of a thin disc attached to or incorporated in the
wheel-hub
3.14
braking distance
distance travelled by a bicycle between the commencement of braking (3.16) and the point at which the
bicycle comes to rest
3.15
braking force
F
Br
tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test
machine
3.16
commencement of braking
point on the test track or test machine at which the brake actuating device operated directly by the
riders hand or foot or by a test mechanism starts to move from its rest position
Note 1 to entry: On the test track, this point is determined by the first brake-actuating device (front or rear) to
operate.
3.17
brake-lever cut-off switch
device that cuts off the motor assistance while using the brake lever
3.18
composite materials
component that is entirely or partially made of a non-metallic matrix materials which is reinforced by
metallic or non-metallic materials such as short or long fibres, fabric or particles
3.19
composite wheels
wheel assembly containing any composite material
3.20
continuous rated power
output power specified by manufacturer, at which the motor reaches its thermal equilibrium at given
ambient conditions
3.21
thermal equilibrium
temperatures of motor parts which do not vary more than 2K per h
3.22
crank assembly
assembly for fatigue testing consisting of the drive side and the non-drive side crank arm, the pedal
spindle-adaptors, the bottom-bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system
EXAMPLE The chain-wheel set.
3.23
cut off speed
speed reached, by the EPAC, at the moment the current has dropped to zero or to the no load current
value
3.24
drive belt
seamless ring belt which is used as a means of transmitting motive force
3.25
dummy fork
test fork manufactured to specific characteristics that can be substituted within a test for either the fork
supplied by the manufacturer or where a fork has not been supplied
3.26
electromagnetic compatibility
ability of an EPAC or one of its electrical/electronic systems to function satisfactorily in its
electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to anything
in that environment
3.27
electromagnetic disturbance
electromagnetic phenomenon such as electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the
propagation medium itself which may degrade the performance of an EPAC or one of its
electronic/electrical systems
3.28
electromagnetic environment
all electromagnetic phenomena present in a given situation
3.29
electromagnetic immunity
ability of an EPAC or one of its electronic/electrical systems to perform without degradation of its
performance in the presence of specific electromagnetic disturbance
3.30
electronic/electrical subassembly
ESA
electronic and/or electrical component, or an assembly of components provided for installation into an
EPAC, together with all electrical connections and associated wiring for the execution of several specific
functions
3.31
ESA test
test carried out on one or more specific ESAs
3.32
ESA type in relation to electromagnetic compatibility
separate technical ESA unit that does not differ from other units in its essential design and construction
aspects
Note 1 to entry: For example:
— the function performed by the ESA;
— the general layout of the electronic and/or electrical components;
— direct vehicle control performed by the rider acting on the steering, the brakes and the accelerator
control.
3.33
exposed protrusion
protrusion which through its location and rigidity could present a hazard to the rider either through
heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident
3.34
fork steerer
fork stem
part of a fork that rotates about the steering axis of a bicycle frame head tube
Note1 to entry: It is normally connected to the fork crown or directly to the fork legs, and is normally the point
of connection between the fork and the handlebar stem.
3.35
fracture
unintentional separation into two or more parts
3.36
full discharge of the battery
point at which the battery does not deliver any power/energy to the motor, according to the battery
manufacturer’s specifications
Note1 to entry: It is recommended that the battery cells be never fully discharged and residual current of
battery be used by other devices.
3.37
highest gear
gear ratio which gives the greatest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
3.38
hub-brake
brake which acts directly on the wheel-hub
3.39
hub-generator
electric generating device built in the wheel-hub
3.40
integrated charger
charger which is a part of the bicycle and needs tools to be disassembled from it
3.41
electrical control system
electronic and/or electrical component, or an assembly of components provided for installation into a
vehicle, together with all electrical connections and associated wiring for the engine electrical power
assistance
3.42
lowest gear
gear ratio which gives the shortest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
3.43
maximum inflation pressure
maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre or rim manufacturer for a safe and efficient
performance
Note 1 to entry: If the rim and tyre both indicate a maximum inflation pressure, the maximum inflation
pressure is the lowest of the two pressures indicated.
3.44
maximum saddle height
vertical distance from the ground to the point where the top of the seat surface is intersected by the
seat-post axis, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-post set to the
minimum insertion-depth mark
3.45
maximum assisted speed by design
maximum designed speed up to which assistance is provided
3.46
minimum insertion-depth mark
mark indicating the minimum insertion-depth of handlebar stem into fork steerer (fork stem) or seat-
post into frame
3.47
narrow-band emission
emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a specific receiver or measuring instrument
3.48
no load current point
current for which there is no torque on the driving wheel
3.49
off-road rough-terrain
coarse pebble tracks, forest trails, and other general off-road tracks where tree-roots and rocks are
likely to be encountered
3.50
pedal tread-surface
surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot
3.51
primary retention system
system that keeps the front/rear wheel securely attached to the frame/fork dropouts whilst riding
3.52
public road
any designated and adopted road, pavement, path or track on which a bicycle is legally permitted to
travel and on most though not all such public roads, bicycles will share use with other forms of
transport including motorized traffic
3.53
pulley
rotating wheel mounted on an axle, that contains around its circumference teeth or groove over which a
belt can pass to transmit power
3.54
quick-release device
lever actuated mechanism that connects, retains, or secures a wheel or any other component
3.55
quick-release pedal
quick-release device
pedal that contains a device for the attachment of a rider’s foot/shoe that can be released by foot-
movement alone
3.56
rated voltage
voltage declared by the manufacturer of the bicycle
3.57
reference antenna
balanced half-wave dipole tuned to the measured frequency
3.58
reference limit
nominal level to which both the component type-approval of the vehicle and the conformity-of-
production limit value refer
3.59
rim-brake
brake in which brake-shoes act on the rim of the wheel
3.60
screw thread locking devices
devices attached or applied to the threads of a nut or bolt so that they do not unintentionally become
unlocked
EXAMPLE Lock washers, lock nuts, thread locking compound, or stiff nuts.
3.61
seat-post
component that clamps the saddle (with a bolt or assembly) and connects it with the frame
3.62
secondary retention system
system that retains the front wheel in the fork dropouts when the primary retention system is in the
open (unlocked) position
3.63
suspension-fork
front fork incorporating controlled, axial flexibility to reduce the transmission of road-shocks to the
rider
3.64
suspension-frame
frame incorporating controlled, vertical flexibility to reduce the transmission of road-shocks to the
rider
3.65
toe-clip
device attached to the pedal to grip the toe end of the rider's shoe but permitting withdrawal of the
shoe
3.66
visible crack
crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye
3.67
wheel
assembly or combination of hub, spokes or disc, and rim, but excluding tyre assembly
3.68
wheelbase
distance between the axes of the front and rear wheels of an unladen bicycle
3.69
unattended station
hire location that is not supervised by personal
3.70
simulated ground plane
plane used to orient a test part or assembly in a way that represents the cycles alignment to the ground
in a fully assembled cycle
3.71
bolted joint
components joined together with threaded fastener
3.72
anti-tampering measures
technical requirements and specifications which prevent, as far as possible, unauthorized modifications
of the EPAC's drive system which may prejudice functional safety
3.73
maximum performance
combination of cut-off speed (3.23), maximum assisted speed by design (3.45) and continuous rated
power (3.20)
3.74
motor unit
motor, gearing if integrated and control unit
3.75
aerodynamic extension
extension (or extensions) secured to the handlebar or stem, to improve the rider’s aerodynamic posture
3.76
maximum permissible total weight
weight of the fully assembled EPAC plus rider and luggage as defined by the manufacturer
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
EPAC shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant
hazards, which are not dealt with by this document. It includes evaluation of such risks for all relevant
components.
Means shall be provided to the user to prevent an unauthorized use of the EPAC e.g. key, locks,
electronic control device.
4.2 Electrical requirements
4.2.1 Electric circuit
The electrical control system shall be designed so that, should it malfunction in a hazardous manner, it
shall switch off power to the electric motor without causing a hazardous situation and it requires user
interaction to switch on again.
NOTE The mechanical brakes serve as an emergency stop device and provide fast and safe stopping in
emergency situations.
4.2.2 Controls and symbols
If symbols are used, their meaning shall be described in the instructions for use. “On” “Off” symbols,
lightings symbols, start-up assistance symbols, audible warning device symbols design shall be in
accordance with those described in Annex I and Annex J.
A master control device shall be fitted to switch on and shut off the assistance, which shall be apparent,
easy to reach and unmistakable.
This master control device shall be activated by voluntary action to enable all assistance modes (start
up and pedalling) before use of the EPAC.
4.2.3 Batteries
4.2.3.1 Requirements
a) The EPAC and batteries pack shall be designed in order to avoid risk of fire and mechanical
deterioration resulting from abnormal use. Compliance is checked by the test described in 4.2.3.2.
b) During the test the EPAC and the batteries shall not emit flames, molten metal or poisonous
ignitable gas in hazardous amounts and any enclosure shall show no damage that could impair
compliance with this European Standard. Safety and compatibility of the battery/charger
combination shall be ensured, according to the manufacturer's specifications.
c) The battery terminals shall be protected against creating an accidental short circuit.
d) An appropriate care shall be taken to ensure that the batteries are protected against overcharging.
An appropriate overheating and short circuit protection device shall be fitted.
NOTE Example solutions are given in Annex A.
Batteries and the charger unit shall be labelled in order to be able to check their compatibility.
4.2.3.2 Test method
Compliance with 4.2.3.1 a) is verified by the following test:
a) Battery terminals are short-circuited with the batteries in a fully charged condition.
b) Motor terminals are short-circuited; all commands are in “ON” position, while the batteries are fully
charged.
c) The EPAC is operated with the electric motor or drive system blocked until the motor torque stops
or the battery is fully discharged.
d) The battery is charged for double the recommended charging period or for 24 h whichever is
greater.
NOTE Testing the battery for example according to EN 62133 or EN 50604–1 is considered as sufficient test
to fulfil this requirement.
4.2.4 Battery charger
Chargers for EPAC are considered to be operated in a residential (household) environment.
NOTE
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