SIST EN ISO 18854:2015

Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 18854:2015)

ISO 18854:2015 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under steady-state conditions on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications.
It is applicable to RIC marine engines intended to be installed in small craft up to 24 m length of hull.

Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Messung der Emission von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Prüfstandsmessung der gasförmigen Emission und der Partikelemission (ISO 18854:2015)

Petits navires - Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne mesurage des émissions de gaz d'échappement - Mesurage des émissions de gaz et de particules au banc (ISO 18854:2015)

L'ISO 18854:2015 spécifie les méthodes de mesurage et d'évaluation au banc d'essai des émissions gazeuses et de particules des gaz d'échappement des moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne (RIC) en régime permanent, nécessaires pour déterminer une valeur pondérée pour chaque polluant des gaz d'échappement. Différentes combinaisons de charge et de vitesse du moteur reflètent différentes applications du moteur.
Elle est applicable aux moteurs marins RIC destinés à être installés sur les petits navires d'une longueur de coque inférieure ou égale à 24 m.

Mala plovila - Merjenje emisij izpušnih plinov batnih strojev z notranjim zgorevanjem - Merjenje plinastih emisij ter emisij trdnih delcev (ISO 18854:2015)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-Feb-2014
• Publication Date: 08-Jun-2015
• ICS: 13.040.50 - Transport exhaust emissions
• ICS: 47.020.20 - Marine engines and propulsion systems
• ICS: 47.080 - Small craft
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 15-May-2015
• Due Date: 20-Jul-2015
• Completion Date: 09-Jun-2015
• Directive: 2013/53/EU - Directive 2013/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC
• Directive: 94/25/EC - Directive 94/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft
• Mandate: M/075 - Revised mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of recreational craft
• Mandate: M/542 - [C(2015)8736] Standardisation Request to the European Committee for Standardisation and the European Committee for Electro-technical Standardisation as regards recreational craft and personal watercraft in support of Directive 2013/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC.
• Ref Project: EN ISO 18854:2015 - Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 18854:2015)

Overview

EN ISO 18854:2015 (ISO 18854:2015) specifies standardized test‑bed measurement methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines used in small craft. The standard covers steady‑state engine testing on a dynamometer to determine a single weighted value for each exhaust pollutant across representative combinations of engine speed and load. It applies to marine RIC engines intended for small craft up to 24 m length of hull and is published by CEN as EN ISO 18854:2015.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and test conditions: steady‑state test cycles, engine air inlet/exhaust/cooling/lubrication system conditions and test validity requirements.
• Engine family concept: guidance on selection of a parent engine and application of engine family principles.
• Measurement of exhaust gas flow: multiple acceptable methods are referenced - direct measurement, air & fuel measurement, fuel flow and carbon‑balance, tracer methods, air flow / air‑to‑fuel ratio, and total dilute exhaust gas flow.
• Gaseous emissions determination: analyser specifications, gas drying, sampling lines and analyser types (e.g., NDIR, HFID, GC where applicable).
• Particulate determination: particulate sampling, filter media, weighing chamber and balance standards for gravimetric analysis.
• Calibration and accuracy: calibration gases, span/zero checks, analyser warm‑up, leakage tests and overall accuracy requirements.
• Test fuels: requirements for reference fuels used in petrol and diesel engine emission tests.
• Data and reporting: procedures to calculate weighted pollutant values from steady‑state points and required measurement data.

Practical applications

• Certification testing of marine engines for small craft (pleasure craft, workboats up to 24 m) where quantified gaseous and particulate emissions are required.
• Engine development and optimization for emissions reduction (combustion tuning, aftertreatment evaluation).
• Regulatory compliance testing where EN ISO 18854:2015 provides a harmonized method to generate comparable emission data.
• Laboratory test-bed standardization to ensure repeatable, auditable emission measurements.

Who should use this standard

• Marine engine manufacturers and test laboratories.
• Small craft builders and certification bodies.
• Emissions consultants and R&D engineers working on internal combustion marine powerplants.
• Regulatory agencies referencing EU Directive 2013/53/EC (see Annex ZA relating this standard to essential requirements).

Related standards & compliance

• EN ISO 18854:2015 is the CEN-adopted version of ISO 18854:2015 and includes Annex ZA linking test methods to EU Directive 2013/53/EC for recreational craft.
• Users should reference relevant analyser, balance and fuel standards cited in the normative references of ISO 18854 for complete compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2015
Mala plovila - Merjenje emisij izpušnih plinov batnih strojev z notranjim
zgorevanjem - Merjenje plinastih emisij ter emisij trdnih delcev (ISO 18854:2015)
Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement
- Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO
18854:2015)
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Messung der Emission von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren
- Prüfstandsmessung der gasförmigen Emission und der Partikelemission (ISO
18854:2015)
Petits navires - Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne mesurage des émissions de gaz
d'échappement - Mesurage des émissions de gaz et de particules au banc (ISO
18854:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18854:2015
ICS:
13.040.50 Emisije izpušnih plinov v Transport exhaust emissions
prometu
47.020.20 Ladijski motorji Marine engines and
propulsion systems
47.080 ýROQL Small craft
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 18854
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 47.020.20; 47.080
English Version
Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust
emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and
particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 18854:2015)
Petits navires - Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Messung der Emission von
mesurage des émissions de gaz d'échappement - Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Prüfstandsmessung der
Mesurage des émissions de gaz et de particules au banc gasförmigen Emission und der Partikelemission (ISO
(ISO 18854:2015) 18854:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 March 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18854:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EC .4
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 18854:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 "Small craft".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18854:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18854:2015 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EC
This European standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission to
provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2013/53/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one member state, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZA.1: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2013/53/EC

Corresponding
Clauses/sub-clauses of this annexes/paragraphs of Comments
standard Directive 2013/53/EC
In respect of measurement and
All Clauses of this Standard Annex 1.B. 2. Exhaust evaluation methods for
emission requirements  gaseous and particulate
emissions
Fuels to be used for the
Clause 6 Annex 1.B. 2. Reference fuels emissions test for engines
fuelled with petrol and diesel

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18854
First edition
2015-04-15
Small craft — Reciprocating internal
combustion engines exhaust
emission measurement — Test-
bed measurement of gaseous and
particulate exhaust emissions
Petits navires — Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne mesurage
des émissions de gaz d’échappement — Mesurage des émissions de
gaz et de particules au banc
Reference number
ISO 18854:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 18854:2015(E)
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 18854:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 3
4.1 General symbols . 3
4.2 Symbols for fuel composition . 5
4.3 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components . 5
4.4 Abbreviations . 6
5 Test conditions . 7
5.1 Engine test conditions . 7
5.1.1 Test condition parameter . 7
5.1.2 Test validity . 7
5.2 Engines with charge air cooling . 7
5.3 Power . 8
5.4 Specific test conditions . 8
5.4.1 Engine air inlet system . 8
5.4.2 Engine exhaust system . 8
5.4.3 Cooling system . 8
5.4.4 Lubricating oil . 9
5.4.5 Adjustable carburettors . 9
5.4.6 Crankcase breather . 9
6 Test fuels . 9
7 Application of the engine family concept and choice of parent engine .9
8 Measurement equipment and data to be measured .10
8.1 General .10
8.2 Dynamometer specification .10
8.3 Exhaust gas flow .10
8.3.1 General.10
8.3.2 Direct measurement method .10
8.3.3 Air and fuel measurement method .11
8.3.4 Fuel flow and carbon balance method .11
8.3.5 Tracer measurement method .11
8.3.6 Air flow and air-to-fuel ratio measurement method .12
8.3.7 Total dilute exhaust gas flow .13
8.4 Accuracy .13
8.5 Determination of the gaseous components .14
8.5.1 General analyser specifications .14
8.5.2 Gas drying .15
8.5.3 Analysers .15
8.5.4 Sampling for gaseous emissions .17
8.6 Particulate determination .18
8.6.1 General.18
8.6.2 Particulate sampling filters .19
8.6.3 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .20
ISO 18854:2015(E)
9 Calibration of the analytical instruments .20
9.1 General requirements .20
9.2 Calibration gases .21
9.2.1 General.21
9.2.2 Pure gas . . .21
9.2.3 Calibration and span gases.21
9.2.4 Use of gas dividers .21
9.2.5 Oxygen interference gases .22
9.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system .22
9.4 Leakage test .22
9.5 Calibration procedure .22
9.5.1 Instrument assembly .22
9.5.2 Warm-up time .22
9.5.3 NDIR and HFID analyser .22
9.5.4 GC and HPCL .23
9.5.5 Establishment of the calibration curve .23
9.5.6 Alternative calibration methods .23
9.5.7 Verification of the calibration .23
9.6 Calibration of tracer gas analyser for exhaust flow measurement .23
9.7 Efficiency test of the NO converter .24
x
9.7.1 General.24
9.7.2 Test setup .24
9.7.3 Calibration .24
9.7.4 Calculation .25
9.7.5 Adding of oxygen .25
9.7.6 Activation of the ozonator .25
9.7.7 NO mode .25
x
9.7.8 Deactivation of the ozonator .25
9.7.9 NO mode . .25
9.7.10 Test interval .25
9.7.11 Efficiency requirement .25
9.8 Adjustment of the FID .26
9.8.1 Optimization of the detector response .26
9.8.2 Hydrocarbon response factors .26
9.8.3 Oxygen interference check .26
9.8.4 Efficiency of the Non-Methane Cutter (NMC) .27
9.8.5 Methanol response factor .28
9.9 Interference effects with CO, CO , NO , O , NH , and N O analysers .28
2 x 2 3 2
9.9.1 General.28
9.9.2 CO analyser interference check .29
9.9.3 NO analyser quench checks .29
x
9.9.4 O analyser interference .30
9.9.5 Cross-interference check compensation for NH and N O measurement channels
3 2
using IR and UV measurement techniques .31
9.10 Calibration intervals .33
10 Calibration of the particulate measuring system .33
10.1 General .33
10.2 Calibration procedure .33
10.2.1 Flow measurement .33
10.2.2 Exhaust gas analysers .33
10.2.3 Carbon flow check .33
10.3 Checking the partial-flow conditions .33
10.4 Calibration intervals .33
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 18854:2015(E)
11 Calibration of the CVS full-flow dilution system .34
11.1 General .34
11.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) .34
11.2.1 General.34
11.2.2 Data analysis .34
11.3 Calibration of the Critical-Flow Venturi (CFV) .35
11.3.1 General.35
11.3.2 Data analysis .35
11.4 Calibration of the Subsonic Venturi (SSV) .36
11.4.1 General.36
11.4.2 Data analysis .36
11.5 Total system verification .37
11.5.1 General.37
11.5.2 Metering with a critical flow orifice .37
11.5.3 Metering by means of a gravimetric technique .37
12 Test cycles (running conditions) .38
12.1 Requirements .38
12.2 Test cycles .38
12.2.1 Applications .38
12.2.2 Test modes and weighting factors .39
12.2.3 Performing the test .40
13 Test run.40
13.1 Preparation of the sampling filters .40
13.2 Installation of the measuring equipment . .40
13.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine .40
13.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio .40
13.5 Determination of test points .41
13.6 Checking of the analysers .41
13.7 Test cycles .41
13.7.1 Test sequence . . .41
13.7.2 Analyser response .42
13.7.3 Particulate sampling .42
13.7.4 Engine conditions .42
13.8 Re-checking the analysers .42
13.9 Test report .42
14 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions .42
14.1 Gaseous emissions .42
14.2 Particulate emissions .43
15 Calculation of the gaseous emissions.43
15.1 General .43
15.2 Determination of the exhaust gas flow .44
15.3 Dry/wet correction .44
15.4 NO correction for humidity and temperature.46
x
15.5 Calculation of the emission mass flow rates .47
15.5.1 Raw exhaust gas .47
15.5.2 Dilute exhaust gas .48
15.5.3 Determination of the NMHC concentration .50
15.6 Calculation of the specific emission .51
ISO 18854:2015(E)
16 Calculation of the particulate emission .51
16.1 Particulate correction factor for humidity .51
16.2 Partial-flow dilution system .52
16.2.1 Isokinetic systems.52
16.2.2 Systems with measurement of CO or NO concentration .52
2 x
16.2.3 Systems with CO measurement and carbon balance method .52
16.2.4 Systems with flow measurement .53
16.3 Full-flow dilution system .53
16.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate .53
16.5 Calculation of the specific emissions .54
16.6 Effective weighting factor .54
17 Determination of the gaseous emissions .55
17.1 General .55
17.2 Main exhaust components CO, CO , HC, NO , O .
2 x 2 55
17.3 Ammonia analysis .60
17.4 Methane analysis .61
17.4.1 Gas chromatographic (GC) method (Figure 6).61
17.4.2 Non-methane cutter (NMC) method (Figure 7) .63
17.5 Methanol analysis .64
17.6 Formaldehyde analysis .65
18 Determination of the particulates .67
18.1 General .67
18.2 Dilution system .67
18.2.1 Partial-flow dilution system (Figures 10 to 18) .67
18.2.2 Full-flow dilution system .79
18.3 Particulate sampling system .82
Bibliography .86
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 18854:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 188, Small craft, SC 2, Engines and propulsion systems.
ISO 18854:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is intended for use as a measurement procedure to determine the gaseous
and particulate emission levels of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines for marine use in
small craft. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engine’s emissions characteristics which, through use of
the proper weighting factors, can be used as an indication of that engine’s emission levels under various
applications. The emission results are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt-hour and represent the
mass rate of emissions per unit of work accomplished.
Although this International Standard is designed for marine engines, it shares many principles with
particulate and gaseous emission measurements that have been in use for many years for on-road
engines. One test procedure that shares many of these principles is the process of mixing dilution air
with the total exhaust flow prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis (full-
flow dilution method) as currently specified for certification of 1985 and later heavy-duty truck engines
in the USA. Another is the procedure for direct measurement of the gaseous emissions in the undiluted
exhaust gas, as currently specified for the certification of heavy-duty truck engines in Japan and Europe.
NOTE It is common in many full-flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust a second
time to obtain appropriate sample temperatures at the particulate filter (see Figure 19).
Many of the procedures described in this International Standard are detailed accounts of laboratory
methods, since determining an emissions value requires performing a complex set of individual
measurements, rather than obtaining a single measured value. Thus, the results obtained depend as
much on the process of performing the measurements as they depend on the engine and test method.
viii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18854:2015(E)
Small craft — Reciprocating internal combustion engines
exhaust emission measurement — Test-bed measurement
of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and
particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under steady-state
conditions on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant.
Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications.
This International Standard is applicable to RIC marine engines intended to be installed in small craft
up to 24 m length of hull.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are
...