SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018

Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications

This part of IEC 61190 prescribes the requirements and test methods for electronic grade
solder alloys, for fluxed and non-fluxed bar, ribbon, powder solders and solder paste, for
electronic soldering applications and for "special" electronic grade solders. For the generic
specifications of solder alloys and fluxes, see ISO 9453. This document is a quality control
document and is not intended to relate directly to the material's performance in the
manufacturing process.
Special electronic grade solders include all solders which do not fully comply with the
requirements of standard solder alloys and solder materials listed herein. Examples of special
solders include anodes, ingots, preforms, bars with hook and eye ends, and multiple-alloy
solder powders.

Verbindungsmaterialien für Baugruppen der Elektronik – Teil 1-3: Anforderungen an Elektroniklote und an Festformlote mit oder ohne Flussmittel für das Löten von Elektronikprodukten

Matériaux de fixation pour les assemblages électroniques - Partie 1-3: Exigences relatives aux alliages à braser de catégorie électronique et brasure solide fluxée et non-fluxée pour les applications de brasage électronique

L'IEC 61190-1-3:2017 prescrit les exigences et méthodes d'essai pour les alliages à braser de catégorie électronique, les brasures en baguette, en ruban et en poudre fluxées et non fluxées et les pâtes à braser, pour les applications de brasage électronique et pour les brasures de catégorie électronique "spéciales". Pour les spécifications génériques relatives aux alliages et aux flux à braser, voir l'ISO 9453. Le présent document est un document de contrôle de la qualité et n'a pas pour objet de s'intéresser directement à la performance du matériau au cours du procédé de fabrication.
La présente édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a)   Le niveau maximal d'impureté du plomb a été révisé et le tableau d'alliages à braser sans plomb qui comporte des alliages à braser sans plomb supplémentaires.

Povezovalni materiali za elektronske sestave - 1-3. del: Zahteve za spajkalne zlitine ter za spajkalne žice s spajkalno tekočino in brez nje za uporabo v elektroniki

Ta del standarda IEC 61190 predpisuje zahteve in preskusne metode za spajkalne zlitine, spajkalne palice, trakove in praške s talilom ali brez njega ter spajkalne paste za uporabo v elektroniki in »posebne« spajke. Za splošne specifikacije spajkalnih zlitin in talil glej standard ISO 9453. Ta dokument se uporablja kot dokument za nadzor kakovosti in ni namenjen neposredni povezavi z zmogljivostjo materiala med proizvodnim postopkom.
Posebne spajke za uporabo v elektroniki vključujejo vse spajke, ki niso povsem skladne z zahtevami standardnih spajkalnih zlitin in spajkalnih materialov, ki so navedeni v tem delu standarda. Primeri posebnih spajk vključujejo anode, ingote, predoblikovance, palice, zaključene s kljuko in ušesom, ter spajkalne praške z več zlitinami.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Sep-2018
• ICS: 25.160.50 - Brazing and soldering
• ICS: 31.190 - Electronic component assemblies
• Technical Committee: ITIV - Electronics assembly technology and Environmental standardization
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Aug-2018
• Due Date: 13-Oct-2018
• Completion Date: 07-Sep-2018
• Ref Project: EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly -- Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications
• Effective Date: 07-Apr-2015
• Revised: SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007/A1:2010 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications (IEC 61190-1-3:2007/A1:2010)
• Effective Date: 07-Apr-2015
• Replaces: SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly -- Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications
• Effective Date: 13-Mar-2018
• Replaces: SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007/A1:2010 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications (IEC 61190-1-3:2007/A1:2010)
• Effective Date: 13-Mar-2018
• Replaces: SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007 - Attachment materials for electronic assembly -- Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
01-oktober-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007
SIST EN 61190-1-3:2007/A1:2010
3RYH]RYDOQLPDWHULDOL]DHOHNWURQVNHVHVWDYHGHO=DKWHYH]DVSDMNDOQH]OLWLQH
WHU]DVSDMNDOQHåLFHVVSDMNDOQRWHNRþLQRLQEUH]QMH]DXSRUDERYHOHNWURQLNL
Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic
grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering
applications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
ICS:
25.160.50 Trdo in mehko lotanje Brazing and soldering
31.190 Sestavljeni elektronski Electronic component
elementi assemblies
SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61190-1-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2018
ICS 31.190 Supersedes EN 61190-1-3:2007
English Version
Attachment materials for electronic assembly - Part 1-3:
Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and
non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications
(IEC 61190-1-3:2017)
Matériaux de fixation pour les assemblages électroniques - Verbindungsmaterialien für Baugruppen der Elektronik - Teil
Partie 1-3: Exigences relatives aux alliages à braser de 1-3: Anforderungen an Elektroniklote und an Festformlote
catégorie électronique et brasure solide fluxée et non-fluxée mit oder ohne Flussmittel für das Löten von
pour les applications de brasage électronique Elektronikprodukten
(IEC 61190-1-3:2017) (IEC 61190-1-3:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-01-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018 E

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 91/1468/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61190-1-3, prepared by IEC/TC 91
"Electronics assembly technology" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018.

The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2018-10-17
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2021-01-17
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 61190-1-3:2017 and EN 61190-1-3:2017/A1:2010.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61190-1-3:2017 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.

In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

IEC 61189-5 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 61189-5 (series).
IEC 61189-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61189-6
ISO 9453 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9453.
ISO 9454-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9454-1.
ISO 9454-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9454-2.

2

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60194 2015 Printed board design, manufacture and - -
assembly - Terms and definitions
IEC 61189-5-2 2015 Test methods for electrical materials, EN 61189-5-2 2015
interconnection structures and assemblies
- Part 5-2: Test methods for printed board
assemblies: Soldering flux
IEC 61189-5-3 2015 Test methods for electrical materials, EN 61189-5-3 2015
interconnection structures and assemblies
- Part 5-3: Test methods for printed board
assemblies: Soldering paste
IEC 61189-5-4 2015 Test methods for electrical materials, EN 61189-5-4 2015
interconnection structures and assemblies
- Part 5-4: Test methods for printed board
assemblies: Solder alloys and fluxed and
non-fluxed solid wire
IEC 61190-1-1 2002 Attachment materials for electronic EN 61190-1-1 2002
assembly - Part 1-1: Requirements for
soldering fluxes for high-quality
interconnections in electronics assembly
IEC 61190-1-2 -  Attachment materials for electronic EN 61190-1-2 -
assembly - Part 1-2: Requirements for
soldering pastes for high-quality
interconnects in electronics assembly


3

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018



IEC 61190-1-3

®


Edition 3.0 2017-12




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE











Attachment materials for electronic assembly –

Part 1-3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-

fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications




Matériaux de fixation pour les assemblages électroniques –

Partie 1-3: Exigences relatives aux alliages à braser de catégorie électronique et


brasure solide fluxée et non-fluxée pour les applications de brasage

électronique











INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 31.190 ISBN 978-2-8322-5127-0



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
– 2 – IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Classification . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Alloy composition . 11
4.3 Solder form . 12
4.4 Flux type . 12
4.5 Flux percentage and metal content . 13
4.6 Other characteristics . 14
5 Requirements . 14
5.1 Materials . 14
5.2 Alloys . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Variation D alloys . 14
5.3 Solder forms . 15
5.3.1 General . 15
5.3.2 Bar solder . 15
5.3.3 Wire solder . 15
5.3.4 Ribbon solder . 15
5.3.5 Solder powder . 15
5.3.6 Special solder . 16
5.4 Flux type and form . 16
5.4.1 General . 16
5.4.2 Flux percentage . 16
5.4.3 Solder cores . 17
5.4.4 Solder coatings . 17
5.5 Flux residue dryness . 17
5.6 Spitting . 17
5.7 Solder pool . 17
5.8 Labelling for product identification. 17
5.9 Workmanship . 18
6 Quality assurance provisions . 18
6.1 Responsibility for inspection and compliance . 18
6.1.1 General . 18
6.1.2 Quality assurance programme . 18
6.1.3 Test equipment and inspection facilities . 18
6.1.4 Inspection conditions . 18
6.2 Classification of inspections . 18
6.3 Inspection of materials . 23
6.4 Qualification inspections . 23
6.4.1 General . 23
6.4.2 Sample size . 23
6.4.3 Inspection routine . 23

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
6.5 Quality conformance . 24
6.5.1 General . 24
6.5.2 Inspection routine . 24
6.5.3 Sampling plan . 24
6.5.4 Rejected lots . 24
6.6 Preparation of solder alloy for test . 24
6.6.1 General . 24
6.6.2 Wire solder up to approximately 6 mm diameter. 24
6.6.3 Ribbon solder and wire solder larger than approximately 6 mm diameter . 24
7 Preparation for delivery – Preservation, packing and packaging . 24
Annex A (informative) Selection of various alloys and fluxes for use in electronic
soldering – General information concerning IEC 61190-1-3 . 25
A.1 Overview. 25
A.2 Intended use . 25
A.2.1 General . 25
A.2.2 Alloys . 25
A.3 Acquisition requirements . 26
A.4 Standard solder product packages . 27
A.4.1 General . 27
A.4.2 Wire and ribbon solders . 27
A.4.3 Bar solders . 27
A.4.4 Solder powder . 27
A.5 Protocol for establishing short names for IEC 61190-1-3 alloys . 28
A.5.1 Lead containing solder alloys and specialty alloy . 28
A.5.2 Lead-free solder alloys . 28
A.6 Standard description of solid solder products . 29
Annex B (normative) Lead-free solder alloys . 30
Annex C (informative) Marking method of solder designation for mounted board, used
in electronic equipment . 41
C.1 General . 41
C.2 Marking . 41
C.2.1 Recommendation for marking . 41
C.2.2 Marking for solder designation . 41
C.2.3 Marking unit and location . 42
Bibliography . 43

Figure 1 – Report form for solder alloy tests . 19
Figure 2 – Report form for solder powder tests . 20
Figure 3 – Report form for non-fluxed solder tests . 21
Figure 4 – Report form for fluxed wire/ribbon solder tests . 22
Figure C.1 – Example of the marking for assembled board . 42

Table 1 – Solder materials . 12
Table 2 – Flux types and designating symbols . 13
Table 3 – Flux percentage . 14
Table 4 – Standard solder powders . 16
Table 5 – Solder inspections . 23

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
– 4 – IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017
Table B.1 – The composition and temperature characteristics of lead-free solder alloys . 30
Table B.2 – The composition and temperature characteristics of common tin-lead
alloys . 33
Table B.3 – The composition and temperature characteristics for specialty (non-tin/lead)
alloys . 36
Table B.4 – the cross-reference from solidus and liquidus temperatures to alloy names
by temperature . 37
Table B.5 – The cross-reference from ISO 9453 alloy numbers and designations to
IEC 61190-1-3 alloy names . 39

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ATTACHMENT MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY –

Part 1–3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed
and non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61190-1-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 91:
Electronics assembly technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2007 and
Amendment 1:2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The maximum impurity level of Pb has been revised and the table of lead free solder
alloys includes some additional lead free solder alloys.

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
– 6 – IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
91/1468/FDIS 91/1488/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61190 series, under the general title Attachment materials for
electronic assembly, can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) draws attention to the fact that it is
claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents concerning
particular alloy compositions.
IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the IEC that they are willing to negotiate
licences under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants
throughout the world. In this respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are
registered with IEC. Information may be obtained from:
KR PAT No. 10-0797161
(KR patent application number: KR10-2007-0050905)
KOREA Institute of Industrial technology
89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do 331-822 Korea
KR PAT No.10-0445350
Heesung Material LTD.
820-7, Donghang-ri, Yangseong-Myeon,Anseong-Si,Gyeonggi-Do, 456-931, KOREA
JP PAT No.3152945 , and the foreign patents
Nihon Superior
NS Bldg., 1-16-15 Esaka-Cho, Suita City, Osaka, 564-0063, Japan
JP PAT No.3296289, and the foreign patents
Fuji Electronics
Gate City Ohsaki, East tower 11-2, Osaki 1-Chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0032, Japan
JP PAT No. 3736819
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.
41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd.
3-65 Midorigaoka Toyota-city, Aichi 471-8502, Japan
JP PAT No. 3622788, and the foreign patents
JP PAT No.3753168, and the foreign patents
Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd.
Senju Hashido-cho 23, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8555, Japan
NOTE Patent rights vary between country of manufacture, sale, use and final destination; suppliers or users
remain responsible for establishing the exact legal position relevant to their own situation.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights other than those identified above. IEC shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO (www.iso.org/patents) and IEC (http://patents.iec.ch) maintain on-line data bases of
patents relevant to their standards. Users are encouraged to consult the data bases for the
most up to date information concerning patents.

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SIST EN IEC 61190-1-3:2018
– 8 – IEC 61190-1-3:2017 © IEC 2017
ATTACHMENT MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY –

Part 1–3: Requirements for electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed
and non-fluxed solid solder for electronic soldering applications



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61190 prescribes the requirements and test methods for electronic grade
solder alloys, for fluxed and non-fluxed bar, ribbon, powder solders and solder paste, for
electronic soldering applications and for "special" electronic grade solders. For the generic
specifications of solder alloys and fluxes, see ISO 9453. This document is a quality control
document and is not intended to relate directly to the material's performance in the
manufacturing process.
Special electronic grade solders include all solders which do not fully comply with the
requirements of standard solder alloys and solder materials listed herein. Examples of special
solders include anodes, ingots, preforms, bars with hook and eye ends, and multiple-alloy
solder powders.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60194:2015, Printed board design, manufacture and assembly – Terms and definitions
IEC 61189-5-2:2015, Test methods for electrical materials, printed boards and other
interconnection structures and assemblies – Part 5-2: General test methods for materials and
assemblies – Soldering flux for printed board assemblies
IEC 61189-5-3:2015, Test methods for electrical materials, printed boards and other
interconnection s
...