SIST EN ISO 16315:2016
(Main)Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016, Corrected version 2021-11)
Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016, Corrected version 2021-11)
ISO 16315:2016 addresses the design and installation of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems used for the purpose of electrical propulsion and/or electrical hybrid (system with both a rechargeable battery and a fuelled power source) propulsion.
ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems operated in the following ranges either individually or in combination: direct current of less than 1 500 V DC; single-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V; three-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V.
ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems installed in small craft up to 24 m length of the hull (LH according to ISO 8666).
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Elektrische Antriebssysteme (ISO 16315:2016, korrigierte Fassung 2021-11)
Diese Internationale Norm gilt für die Auslegung und die Installation von elektrischen Wechselstrom (AC)- und Gleichstromsystemen (DC), die zu elektrischen Antriebszwecken und/oder elektrisch hybriden (Systeme mit wiederaufladbarer Batterie und mit Kraftstoff betriebener Energiequelle) Antriebszwecken verwendet werden.
Diese Internationale Norm gilt für elektrische Antriebssysteme, die in den folgenden Bereichen einzeln oder in Kombination betrieben werden:
— Gleichstrom weniger als DC 1 500 V;
— einphasiger Wechselstrom bis zu AC 1 000 V;
— dreiphasiger Wechselstrom bis zu AC 1 000 V.
Diese Internationale Norm gilt für elektrische Antriebssysteme, die in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen mit einer Rumpflänge von bis zu 24 m (LH nach ISO 8666) eingebaut sind.
Darüber hinaus führt diese Internationale Norm in Anhang A zusätzliche Informationen auf, die im Eignerhandbuch enthalten sein müssen, sowie in Anhang B zusätzliche Informationen, die dem Installateur bereitgestellt werden müssen.
Petits navires - Système de propulsion électrique (ISO 16315:2016, Version corrigée 2021-11)
L'ISO 16315:2016 porte sur la conception et l'installation des systèmes électriques à courant alternatif (a.c.) et à courant continu (d.c.) utilisés à des fins de propulsion électrique et/ou de propulsion électrique hybride (système comprenant à la fois une source d'énergie provenant d'une batterie d'accumulateur rechargeable et d'une source d'énergie à moteur thermique).
L'ISO 16315:2016 s'applique aux systèmes de propulsion électriques utilisés dans les plages suivantes, soit individuellement ou en combinaison: courant continu inférieur à 1 500 V d.c.; courant alternatif monophasé jusqu'à 1 000 V a.c; courant alternatif triphasé jusqu'à 1 000V a.c.
L'ISO 16315:2016 s'applique aux systèmes de propulsion électriques installés sur les petits navires de longueur de coque inférieure ou égale à 24 m (LH mesurée conformément à l'ISO 8666).
Mala plovila - Električni pogonski sistemi (ISO 16315:2016, popravljena različica 2021-11)
Ta mednarodni standard obravnava načrtovanje električnih sistemov z izmeničnim tokom (AC) in enosmernim tokom (DC), uporabljenih za namene električnega pogona in/ali električnega hibridnega (sistema z akumulatorjem za polnjenje in virom energije na gorivo) pogona.
Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za električne pogonske sisteme, ki delujejo v naslednjih območjih, in sicer posamezno ali v kombinaciji:
– enosmerni tok, nižji od 1500 V DC;
– enofazni izmenični tok do 1000 V AC;
– trifazni izmenični tok do 1000 V AC.
Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za električne pogonske sisteme, nameščene v majhna plovila z dolžino ladijskega trupa do 24 m (LH v skladu s standardom ISO 8666).
Ta mednarodni standard v dodatku A navaja tudi dodatne informacije, ki morajo biti vključene v navodila za uporabo, v dodatku B pa dodatne informacije, ki jih je treba posredovati izvajalcu namestitve.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 16-May-2016
- Technical Committee
- I13 - Imaginarni 13
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 14-Apr-2016
- Due Date
- 19-Jun-2016
- Completion Date
- 17-May-2016
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
Overview
EN ISO 16315:2016 (ISO 16315:2016, corrected version 2021-11) defines requirements for the design, installation and testing of electrical propulsion and hybrid propulsion systems on small craft up to 24 m hull length (LH, ISO 8666). It covers both direct current (DC) systems (less than 1 500 V) and alternating current (AC) systems (single‑ and three‑phase up to 1 000 V), and applies when propulsion and/or hybrid (battery + fuelled power source) arrangements are used.
Keywords: EN ISO 16315:2016, ISO 16315, small craft electric propulsion, hybrid propulsion, marine electrical systems.
Key Topics
The standard addresses the technical and safety aspects of electric propulsion systems, including:
- General requirements and system architecture - components, arrangements for propulsion and general on-board electrical circuits, DC and AC layouts.
- Electrical ratings and equipment - motors, converters, transformers and enclosures suitable for marine environments.
- Controls, monitoring and alarms - throttle/steering controls, emergency stop, fault trip reset, “get-you-home” mode, instrument displays and system alerts.
- Protection against electric shock and over‑current - measures for direct contact protection, fault‑to‑earth detection, automatic disconnection and appropriate protective device characteristics.
- Battery installation and monitoring - isolation, operational switching, permanently energized circuits, ventilation and prevention of explosive gas accumulation.
- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and segregation of DC and AC systems to prevent interference with other on‑board systems.
- Testing and documentation - commissioning tests, owner’s manual content, hazard markings and maintenance advice.
Applications
EN ISO 16315 is practical guidance for implementing safe, reliable electric propulsion on small craft. Typical applications include:
- Electric-only propulsion systems for leisure craft and tenders.
- Hybrid propulsion installations combining rechargeable batteries with fuelled generators or engines.
- Retrofitting conventional boats with electric or hybrid drives.
- Commissioning and acceptance testing of propulsion electrical systems.
Who uses this standard
- Marine and naval architects
- Boat and yacht builders
- Electric propulsion system manufacturers and integrators
- Marine electrical engineers and surveyors
- Classification societies and notified bodies
- Boat owners and fleet operators specifying safe installations
Related standards and regulatory context
- EN ISO 16315:2016 has an informative Annex ZA linking it to EU Directive 2013/53/EU; compliance with the standard (within its scope) provides a presumption of conformity with relevant essential requirements of the Directive.
- ISO 8666 (hull length definitions) is referenced for LH measurement.
EN ISO 16315 is essential for anyone designing, installing or certifying electric propulsion on small craft, helping ensure safety, regulatory alignment and reliable operation.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016, Corrected version 2021-11)". This standard covers: ISO 16315:2016 addresses the design and installation of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems used for the purpose of electrical propulsion and/or electrical hybrid (system with both a rechargeable battery and a fuelled power source) propulsion. ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems operated in the following ranges either individually or in combination: direct current of less than 1 500 V DC; single-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V; three-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V. ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems installed in small craft up to 24 m length of the hull (LH according to ISO 8666).
ISO 16315:2016 addresses the design and installation of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems used for the purpose of electrical propulsion and/or electrical hybrid (system with both a rechargeable battery and a fuelled power source) propulsion. ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems operated in the following ranges either individually or in combination: direct current of less than 1 500 V DC; single-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V; three-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V. ISO 16315:2016 applies to electrical propulsion systems installed in small craft up to 24 m length of the hull (LH according to ISO 8666).
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 47.020.60 - Electrical equipment of ships and of marine structures; 47.080 - Small craft. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to kSIST FprEN ISO 16315:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2013/53/EU, 94/25/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/075, M/542. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2016
0DODSORYLOD(OHNWULþQLSRJRQVNLVLVWHPL ,62
Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016)
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Elektrische Antriebssysteme (ISO 16315:2016)
Petits navires - Système de propulsion électrique (ISO 16315:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16315:2016
ICS:
47.020.60 (OHNWULþQDRSUHPDODGLMLQ Electrical equipment of ships
NRQVWUXNFLMQDPRUMX and of marine structures
47.080 ýROQL Small craft
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 16315
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 47.080
English Version
Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016)
Petits navires - Système de propulsion électrique (ISO Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Elektrische Antriebssysteme
16315:2016) (ISO 16315:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 February 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16315:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU . 4
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16315:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 "Small
craft"
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16315:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16315:2016 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach
Directive 2013/53/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one member state, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and EU Directives
Clauses/sub-clauses of this Corresponding annexes/ Comments
European Standard paragraphs of Directive
2013/53/EU
Annex 1, Clause 5.3 – Electrical
System
2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 Electrical systems shall be designed The normative references in
and installed so as to ensure proper Clause 2 of this standard are
operation of the watercraft under indispensable for its
normal conditions of use application
4.1, 4.13, 6, 8.5, 8.6 Electrical systems shall be designed
and installed so as to minimise risk of
fire and electric shock
4, 7 All electrical circuits, except engine
starting circuits supplied from
batteries, shall remain safe when
exposed to overload
4, 9, 10 Electric propulsion circuits shall not
interact with other circuits in such a
way that either would fail to operate
as intended
4.1, 8.5, Annex B(a) Ventilation shall be provided to
prevent the accumulation of
explosive gases which might be
emitted from batteries
8.1 Batteries shall be firmly secured and
protected from ingress of water
4.14, 5, Annex A Annex I, Clause 2.5 – Owner’s Clause 4.14, Figure 1 gives
Manual enclosure hazard markings
Clause 5 provides information
on system alerts and alarms to
be included in the owner’s
manual
Annex A provides information
necessary for safe use of the
product drawing particular
attention to set up,
maintenance, regular
operation, the prevention of
risks and risk management
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16315
First edition
2016-03-15
Small craft — Electric propulsion
system
Petits navires — Système de propulsion électrique
Reference number
ISO 16315:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 16315:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General requirements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Components of an electric propulsion system . 6
4.3 Electric propulsion systems. 6
4.4 Arrangements for other electrical equipment and circuits on-board a small
craft connected to a common energy source for both propulsion and general
electrical installation . 8
4.4.1 DC systems . 8
4.4.2 AC systems. 8
4.5 Environmental factors . 9
4.6 Electrical ratings . 9
4.7 Equipment .10
4.7.1 Transformers .10
4.7.2 Converters .10
4.7.3 Motors .10
4.8 Enclosures .10
4.9 Identification of equipment and conductors .10
4.10 Segregation of DC and AC systems .11
4.11 Steering and throttle controls .11
4.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).11
4.13 Electrical equipment in the vicinity of battery banks .11
4.14 Hazardous areas .11
5 Controls, monitoring, system alerts and trips alarms .12
5.1 Electrical/electronic controls for electric propulsion systems .12
5.1.1 Controls .12
5.1.2 Emergency stop .13
5.1.3 Fault trip reset.13
5.1.4 “Get you home” mode .13
5.2 Instruments, alerts and trip alarms .13
5.2.1 General.13
5.2.2 Operating mode and status .13
5.2.3 System alerts .14
5.2.4 Fault trip alarms .14
6 Protection against electric shock .14
6.1 Protection against direct contact .14
6.2 Automatic disconnection of supply to the electric propulsion system under fault-
to-earth conditions (earthed two wire DC systems and earthed neutral AC systems) .14
6.3 Fault-to-earth monitoring and tripping arrangements for DC fully insulated
systems, DC 3-wire systems .15
6.4 Fault-to-earth tripping in AC non-neutral earthed systems (IT-type system) .16
7 Protection against over-current .16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Characteristics of protective devices .16
7.3 Overcurrent devices in the outgoing circuit(s) from a battery .17
8 Battery monitoring and installation .17
8.1 General arrangements .17
ISO 16315:2016(E)
8.2 Isolation of battery packs or battery banks .17
8.3 Operational switching of battery pack(s) or battery bank(s) .18
8.4 Permanently energized circuits .18
8.5 Ventilation .19
8.6 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres .19
9 Electrical installation .19
9.1 General .19
9.2 Segregation of electrical propulsion system cables .19
10 Testing .20
10.1 General .20
10.2 Earthing and bonding.20
10.3 Insulation resistance .20
10.3.1 General.20
10.3.2 DC electrical propulsion systems .20
10.3.3 AC electrical propulsion systems .20
10.3.4 Switchboards, panel boards and distribution boards .20
10.3.5 Power and lighting final circuits.21
10.3.6 Generators and motors.21
10.3.7 Transformers .21
10.4 Electrical/electronic controls systems for propulsion motor control .21
10.5 On load test and inspection of electrical propulsion systems, and associated switch
gear and control gear .21
10.6 Voltage drop .21
Annex A (normative) Information and instructions to be included in the owner’s manual .22
Annex B (normative) Installation documentation .23
Bibliography .24
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 188, Small craft, together with CEN/BT/WG 69,
Small craft and IEC/TC 18, Electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units.
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Introduction
Electrical propulsion systems are becoming more common in recreational craft and other small craft
and propulsion system voltages of up to AC 1 000 V and DC 1 500 V are possible together with variable
speed drives operating at frequencies which differ from 50/60 Hz or DC.
Electric propulsion systems for small craft are generally designed and constructed from a number of
component parts many of which can be of proprietary origin and all of the electrical and control items
are interconnected by cables and operated as a system.
There are a significant number of electrical propulsion system architectures for small craft and the
main types are the following.
— DC sourced. The main power source is a propulsion battery which is either recharged from on-
board DC generators, or on-board AC generators/an AC shore supply through battery chargers. The
electric propulsion system(s) may be variable speed through a DC motor controller or AC through a
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) or be fixed speed with a variable pitch propeller or other mechanical
means of providing thrust. The electric propulsion system may be electrically separate from other
electrical systems on board (e.g. be fully insulated via the motor controller, or be an AC IT system via
a VFD or motor starter). Or the electrical propulsion system may be integrated with the whole craft
DC electrical system using converters DC/DC, DC/AC to provide for different services/consumers.
— AC sourced. The main power source is AC generator(s) generally configured as TT, TN-C or TN-S.
The electric propulsion system(s) may be DC variable speed through a AC/DC converter and DC
motor controller, or AC through a VFD, or be fixed speed with a variable pitch propeller or other
mechanical means of providing thrust. The electric propulsion system may be DC fully insulated
system or be an AC IT system via a galvanically isolated VFD or via an isolating transformer. A DC
propulsion system(s) may be supported by propulsion battery.
— Also possible are hybrid systems similar to the types being introduced for road vehicles where the
source is an internal combustion engine providing, for example, energy to a relatively lightweight
energy storage system with power take-off via converters to propulsion motor(s) and other electrical
consumers.
It is essential that the electric propulsion system designer/installer be competent with all aspects
of the equipment included in the design of a particular system such that the component parts of the
propulsion system are integrated in a coherent and safe manner.
Current electrical standards for small craft of less than 24 m LH are the following:
a) ISO 10133 which is limited to recommendation for the design, construction and installation of
direct current systems that operate at a voltage of DC 50 V or less; and
b) ISO 13297 which is limited to single phase alternating current electrical systems less than AC 250 V.
Neither of these standards includes requirements for electrical propulsion systems.
c) IEC 60092-507 is applicable to small craft up to 50 m/500 GT and includes requirements for three-
phase systems not exceeding AC 500 V and single-phase systems not exceeding AC 250 V and for
DC systems and sub-systems not exceeding DC 50 V nominal, and includes a section on electric
propulsion systems.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16315:2016(E)
Small craft — Electric propulsion system
1 Scope
This International Standard addresses the design and installation of alternating current (AC) and direct
current (DC) electrical systems used for the purpose of electrical propulsion and/or electrical hybrid
(system with both a rechargeable battery and a fuelled power source) propulsion.
This International Standard applies to electrical propulsion systems operated in the following ranges
either individually or in combination:
— direct current of less than 1 500 V DC;
— single-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V;
— three-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V.
This International Standard applies to electrical propulsion systems installed in small craft up to 24 m
length of the hull (L according to ISO 8666).
H
This International Standard also lists in Annex A additional information to be included in the owner’s
manual as well as Annex B additional information to be provided to the installer.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8846, Small craft — Electrical devices — Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases
ISO 9094, Small craft — Fire protection
ISO 10133:2012, Small craft — Electrical systems — Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations
ISO 10239, Small craft — Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) systems
ISO 10240, Small craft — Owner’s manual
ISO 11105, Small craft — Ventilation of petrol engine and/or petrol tank compartments
ISO 13297:2014, Small craft — Electrical systems — Alternating current installations
ISO 25197:2012, Small craft — Electrical/electronic control systems for steering, shift and throttle
IEC 60079-series, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60092-202:1994/Amd 1:1996, Electrical installation in ships — Part 202: System design — Protection
IEC 60092-303, Electrical installation in ships — Part 303: Equipment — Transformers for power and
lighting
IEC 60092-352, Electrical installation in ships — Part 352: Choice and installation of electrical cables
IEC 60092-507:2014, Electrical installations in ships — Part 507: Small vessels
IEC 60898-1, Electrical accessories — Circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar
installations — Part 1: Circuit-breakers for a.c. operation
ISO 16315:2016(E)
IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — General requirements
— Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 60947-2, Low voltage switchgear and control gear — Part 2: Circuit breakers
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1100 V — Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for isolating transformers and power supply
units incorporating isolating transformers
IEC 61558-2-6, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1 100 V — Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for safety isolating transformers and power
supply units incorporating safety isolating transformers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
safety voltage
voltage which does not exceed AC 50 V r.m.s. between conductors, or between any conductor and
earth, in a circuit isolated from the supply by means such as a safety isolating transformer, or converter
with separate winding
voltage which does not exceed 50 DC V between conductors, or between any conductor and earth,
in a circuit which is isolated from higher voltage circuits
Note 1 to entry: Consideration should be given to the reduction of the limit of 50 V under certain conditions, such
as wet surroundings or exposure to heavy seas or where direct contact with live parts is involved.
Note 2 to entry: The voltage limit should not be exceeded either at full load or no load, but it is assumed, for the
purpose of this definition, that any transformer or converter is operated at its rated supply voltage.
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.19]
3.2
rated voltage
U
nominal AC r.m.s. line voltage to earth
nominal AC r.m.s. voltage between line conductor and neutral conductor
nominal DC voltage between poles
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-507:2014, 3.1.4]
3.3
live part
conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal operation including a neutral
conductor, but by convention not a PEN conductor (a conductor combining the functions of both a
protective conductor and a neutral conductor)
Note 1 to entry: This term does not necessarily imply risk of electric shock.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-19, modified as follows: The text “or a PEM conductor or PEL
conductor” has been deleted. The text in brackets has been added]
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.4
earthed
grounded, en US
connected to the general mass of the hull of the craft in such a manner as will ensure at all times an
immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.9, modified as Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
3.5
readily accessible
capable of being reached quickly and safely for effective use without the use of tools
[SOURCE: ISO 13297:2014, 3.17]
3.6
final circuit
portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent protection device for that circuit
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.17, modified – The words “overcurrent protective device of a board”
have been replaced with “overcurrent protection device for that circuit”]
3.7
overcurrent protection device
device provided to interrupt an electric circuit in case the conductor current in the electric circuit
exceeds a predetermined value for a specified duration
3.8
fuse
device that by the fusing of one or more of its specifically designed and proportioned components,
opens the circuit in which it is inserted by breaking the current when this exceeds a given value for a
sufficient time
Note 1 to entry: The fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-18-01, modified]
3.9
circuit-breaker
mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit
conditions, and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified
abnormal circuit conditions such as those of a short circuit
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-20]
3.10
residual current device
RCD
mechanical switching device designed to make, carry and break currents under normal service
conditions and to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value
under specified conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-442:1994, 442-05-02, modified as Note has been omitted]
3.11
protective conductor
PE (identification)
conductor provided for purposes of safety, for example, protection against electric shock
Note 1 to entry: In an electrical installation, the conductor identified PE is normally also considered as protective
earthing conductor.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-09]
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.12
bond
connection of non-current-carrying parts to ensure continuity of electrical connection, or to equalize
the potential between parts comprising, for example, the armour or lead sheath of adjacent length of
cable, the bulkhead, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.7, modified – Last part concerning “cables in a radio-receiving room”
has been deleted.]
3.13
conductor
conductive part intended to carry a specified electric current
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-01-07]
3.14
neutral conductor
conductor electrically connected to the neutral point and capable of contributing to the distribution of
electrical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-06]
3.15
line conductor
phase conductor (in AC systems) (deprecated) pole conductor (in DC systems) (deprecated)
conductor which is energized in normal operation and capable of contributing to the transmission or
distribution of electric energy but which is not a neutral conductor
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-08]
3.16
transformer
energy converter with isolating separation between the input and output windings and the protective
conductor
3.17
switch
mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit
conditions which may include specified operating overload conditions and also carrying for a specified
time currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit
Note 1 to entry: A switch may be capable of making but not breaking short-circuit currents.
3.18
panel board
assembly of devices, such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments and indicators, for the
purpose of controlling and/or distributing electrical power
Note 1 to entry: Examples of devices include circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments and indicators.
3.19
disconnector
mechanical switching device which provides, in the open position, an isolating distance in accordance
with specified requirements
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1994, 441-14-05]
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.20
battery pack
mechanical assembly comprising battery cells and retaining frames or trays and possibly components
for battery management
Note 1 to entry: Note1 to entry: Typical battery packs will be a single assembly, voltage and connection in an
enclosure.
Note 2 to entry: Several connected battery packs form a battery bank.
[SOURCE: ISO 12405-2:2012, 3.2, modified by additional Note 1 and 2 to entry]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
Electric propulsion systems for small craft are generally designed and constructed from a number of
component parts many of which can be of proprietary origin and all of the electrical and control items
are interconnected by cables and operated as a system.
It is essential that the propulsion system designer/installer shall be competent with all aspects of the
equipment included in the design of a particular system such that the component parts of the propulsion
system are integrated in a coherent and safe manner.
The rated power output of each electric propulsion system at the motor shaft shall be designed to match
the propeller characteristics and the required rotational speed range or thrust range of variable pitch
propellers/thrusters.
The electric propulsion system may be electrically separate from other electrical systems on board a
small craft.
Different types of AC electrical system include four-wire with neutral earthed, but without hull return
(TN-C), five-wire with neutral earthed, but without hull return (TN-S), and IT systems with their
particular requirements for earth leakage current monitoring, alarm and tripping systems.
DC systems may be either earthed, or be fully insulated with particular requirements for insulation
resistance monitoring, alarm and tripping systems. For DC propulsion systems operating at voltages
greater than safety voltage, a three-wire system (e.g. DC +48 V/0/−48V) may be considered with the
mid-point conductor earthed to limit prospective touch voltage.
For DC electric propulsion systems and other electrical systems with rated nominal voltages in excess
of safety voltage, the precautions against the risk of electric shock shall be observed.
DC electric propulsion systems may have large capacity battery bank(s) or pack(s) as the main power
source, and particular attention is required for the following:
a) ventilation requirements necessary for battery bank or battery pack compartments;
b) requirements for an overcurrent device and an isolation switch for each propulsion battery bank or
battery pack;
c) circuit protection requirements for permanently energised circuits supplied from a battery bank
or battery pack.
Electric propulsion circuits shall be designed to protect against the following:
— fire by the use of overcurrent protection, grounding/earthing, terminal protection and conductor
type and size;
— shock by the use of enclosures, conductor and terminal insulation, automatic disconnection and
grounding/earthing system protection as appropriate.
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Electric propulsion circuits shall not interact with other circuits in such a way that circuits would fail to
operate as intended.
4.2 Components of an electric propulsion system
The electric propulsion system may include several sub-systems and components including, but not
limited to, the following:
— batteries;
— battery management systems;
— AC or DC generators;
— AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC converters, Variable Frequency Drives;
— electric propulsion motors;
— propulsion panel board;
— propulsion motor controls, monitoring, system alerts and trip alarms;
— transformers;
— conductors and cables;
— isolation switches (disconnectors), circuit breakers, contactors, fuses.
Each of these propulsion system components shall conform to the relevant ISO/IEC standard.
4.3 Electric propulsion systems
4.3.1 An electrical propulsion system may be
a) DC, sourced from battery(s) or DC generator(s) or AC/DC converters from an AC source, or
b) AC, sourced from alternator(s) or a DC/AC converter from a DC source [e.g. battery(s)].
The energy source(s) of an electric propulsion system may be reserved for this purpose and be
electrically separate from other electrical systems on board a craft, or all electrical systems on board
a craft may be directly connected to a common source but propulsion system(s) may have specific
requirements for electrical separation, earthing/bonding, conductor installation, etc. from the other
items of electrical equipment and circuits included in the overall design.
The rated voltage of an electric propulsion may be different from other electrical systems on-board a
craft and uses either AC or DC systems.
— For an AC propulsion system, it may be at variable frequency.
— For a DC propulsion system sourced from an AC system, the DC electrical propulsion system may
be obtained from an AC/DC converter with galvanic separation between input and output and
appropriate arrangements made at the output for fully insulated or negative earth propulsion
systems. Similarly, an earthed two wires propulsion system may be supplied from an insulated two
wires source via a DC/DC converter with galvanic separation and vice versa.
— For a DC propulsion system sourced from a DC system, the source shall have the same characteristics.
Systems may require attention to the treatment of the neutral earth, and also have specific
requirements in respect of earthing and bonding relative to the requirements of other electrical
systems on-board a craft.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 16315:2016(E)
4.3.2 A DC electrical propulsion system may be configured as
a) fully insulated two-wire system (IT) or
b) two-wire system with negative earth/bonded (TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S).
4.3.3 A single-phase AC electrical propulsion system may be configured as
a) single-phase two wire insulated (IT), or
b) single-phase two-wire with earthed neutral (TT or TN-C without hull return); or TT (when shore
connected), or
c) single-phase three-wire with mid-point earthed, both neutral and protective conductor (PE)
earthed at the energy source without hull return (TN-S).
4.3.4 A three-phase electrical propulsion system may be configured as
a) three-phase three-wire insulated (IT), or
b) three-phase four-wire with earthed neutral (TT or TN-C without hull return); or TT (when shore
connected), or
c) three-phase five-wire with mid-point earthed, both neutral and protective conductor (PE) earthed
at the energy source without hull return (TN-S).
If the AC propulsion system is required to be an IT from a TN source (or vice-versa), then an isolation
transformer conforming to IEC 61558-2-4 (U up to AC 1 100 V, maximum rated output 25 kVA for
single phase, 40 kVA for three-phase) may be used providing galvanic separation between primary and
secondary windings with appropriate arrangements
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2016
Mala plovila - Električni pogonski sistemi (ISO 16315:2016, popravljena različica
2021-11)
Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016, Corrected version 2021-11)
Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Elektrische Antriebssysteme (ISO 16315:2016, korrigierte
Fassung 2021-11)
Petits navires - Système de propulsion électrique (ISO 16315:2016, Version corrigée
2021-11)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16315:2016
ICS:
47.020.60 Električna oprema ladij in Electrical equipment of ships
konstrukcij na morju and of marine structures
47.080 Čolni Small craft
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 16315
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 47.080
English Version
Small craft - Electric propulsion system (ISO 16315:2016,
Corrected version 2021-11)
Petits navires - Système de propulsion électrique (ISO Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Elektrische Antriebssysteme
16315:2016, Version corrigée 2021-11) (ISO 16315:2016, korrigierte Fassung 2021-11)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 February 2016.
This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre on 22 December 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16315:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU . 4
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16315:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 "Small
craft"
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16315:2016, Corrected version 2021-11 has been approved by CEN as EN
ISO 16315:2016 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach
Directive 2013/53/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one member state, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and EU Directives
Clauses/sub-clauses of Corresponding annexes/ Comments
this European Standard paragraphs of Directive
2013/53/EU
Annex 1, Clause 5.3 – Electrical
System
2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 Electrical systems shall be designed The normative references
and installed so as to ensure proper in Clause 2 of this standard
operation of the watercraft under are indispensable for its
normal conditions of use application
4.1, 4.13, 6, 8.5, 8.6 Electrical systems shall be
designed and installed so as to
minimise risk of fire and electric
shock
4, 7 All electrical circuits, except engine
starting circuits supplied from
batteries, shall remain safe when
exposed to overload
4, 9, 10 Electric propulsion circuits shall
not interact with other circuits in
such a way that either would fail
to operate as intended
4.1, 8.5, Annex B(a) Ventilation shall be provided to
prevent the accumulation of
explosive gases which might be
emitted from batteries
8.1 Batteries shall be firmly secured
and protected from ingress of
water
4.14, 5, Annex A Annex I, Clause 2.5 – Owner’s Clause 4.14, Figure 1 gives
Manual enclosure hazard markings
Clause 5 provides
information on system
alerts and alarms to be
included in the owner’s
manual
Annex A provides
information necessary for
safe use of the product
drawing particular
attention to set up,
maintenance, regular
operation, the prevention of
risks and risk management
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16315
First edition
2016-03-15
Corrected version
2021-11
Small craft — Electric propulsion
system
Petits navires — Système de propulsion électrique
Reference number
ISO 16315:2016(E)
ISO 16315:2016(E)
© ISO 2016
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General requirements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Components of an electric propulsion system . 6
4.3 Electric propulsion systems . 6
4.4 Arrangements for other electrical equipment and circuits on-board a small craft
connected to a common energy source for both propulsion and general electrical
installation . 8
4.4.1 DC systems . 8
4.4.2 AC systems . 8
4.5 Environmental factors . 9
4.6 Electrical ratings . 9
4.7 Equipment . 10
4.7.1 Transformers . 10
4.7.2 Converters . 10
4.7.3 Motors . 10
4.8 Enclosures. 10
4.9 Identification of equipment and conductors . 10
4.10 Segregation of DC and AC systems. 11
4.11 Steering and throttle controls . 11
4.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 11
4.13 Electrical equipment in the vicinity of battery banks . 11
4.14 Hazardous areas . 11
5 Controls, monitoring, system alerts and trips alarms .12
5.1 Electrical/electronic controls for electric propulsion systems .12
5.1.1 Controls . 12
5.1.2 Emergency stop . 13
5.1.3 Fault trip reset . 13
5.1.4 “Get you home” mode .13
5.2 Instruments, alerts and trip alarms . 13
5.2.1 General .13
5.2.2 Operating mode and status . 13
5.2.3 System alerts . 14
5.2.4 Fault trip alarms . 14
6 Protection against electric shock .14
6.1 Protection against direct contact . 14
6.2 Automatic disconnection of supply to the electric propulsion system under
fault-to-earth conditions (earthed two wire DC systems and earthed neutral AC
systems) . 14
6.3 Fault-to-earth monitoring and tripping arrangements for DC fully insulated
systems, DC 3-wire systems . 15
6.4 Fault-to-earth tripping in AC non-neutral earthed systems (IT-type system) . 16
7 Protection against over-current .16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Characteristics of protective devices . 16
7.3 Overcurrent devices in the outgoing circuit(s) from a battery . 17
8 Battery monitoring and installation .17
iii
ISO 16315:2016(E)
8.1 General arrangements . 17
8.2 Isolation of battery packs or battery banks . 18
8.3 Operational switching of battery pack(s) or battery bank(s) . 18
8.4 Permanently energized circuits . 18
8.5 Ventilation . 19
8.6 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres . 19
9 Electrical installation .19
9.1 General . 19
9.2 Segregation of electrical propulsion system cables . 20
10 Testing.20
10.1 General . 20
10.2 Earthing and bonding. 20
10.3 Insulation resistance.20
10.3.1 General .20
10.3.2 DC electrical propulsion systems . 20
10.3.3 AC electrical propulsion systems . 21
10.3.4 Switchboards, panel boards and distribution boards . 21
10.3.5 Power and lighting final circuits . 21
10.3.6 Generators and motors . 21
10.3.7 Transformers . 21
10.4 Electrical/electronic controls systems for propulsion motor control . 21
10.5 On load test and inspection of electrical propulsion systems, and associated
switch gear and control gear . 21
10.6 Voltage drop . 22
Annex A (normative) Information and instructions to be included in the owner's manual .23
Annex B (normative) Installation documentation .24
Bibliography .25
iv
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 188, Small craft, together with CEN/BT/WG 69,
Small craft and IEC/TC 18, Electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units.
This corrected version of ISO 16315:2016 incorporates the following corrections:
— the missing IEC logo on the cover page has been added.
v
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Introduction
Electrical propulsion systems are becoming more common in recreational craft and other small craft
and propulsion system voltages of up to AC 1 000 V and DC 1 500 V are possible together with variable
speed drives operating at frequencies which differ from 50/60 Hz or DC.
Electric propulsion systems for small craft are generally designed and constructed from a number of
component parts many of which can be of proprietary origin and all of the electrical and control items
are interconnected by cables and operated as a system.
There are a significant number of electrical propulsion system architectures for small craft and the
main types are the following.
— DC sourced. The main power source is a propulsion battery which is either recharged from on-
board DC generators, or on-board AC generators/an AC shore supply through battery chargers. The
electric propulsion system(s) may be variable speed through a DC motor controller or AC through a
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) or be fixed speed with a variable pitch propeller or other mechanical
means of providing thrust. The electric propulsion system may be electrically separate from other
electrical systems on board (e.g. be fully insulated via the motor controller, or be an AC IT system via
a VFD or motor starter). Or the electrical propulsion system may be integrated with the whole craft
DC electrical system using converters DC/DC, DC/AC to provide for different services/consumers.
— AC sourced. The main power source is AC generator(s) generally configured as TT, TN-C or TN-S.
The electric propulsion system(s) may be DC variable speed through a AC/DC converter and DC
motor controller, or AC through a VFD, or be fixed speed with a variable pitch propeller or other
mechanical means of providing thrust. The electric propulsion system may be DC fully insulated
system or be an AC IT system via a galvanically isolated VFD or via an isolating transformer. A DC
propulsion system(s) may be supported by propulsion battery.
— Also possible are hybrid systems similar to the types being introduced for road vehicles where the
source is an internal combustion engine providing, for example, energy to a relatively lightweight
energy storage system with power take-off via converters to propulsion motor(s) and other electrical
consumers.
It is essential that the electric propulsion system designer/installer be competent with all aspects
of the equipment included in the design of a particular system such that the component parts of the
propulsion system are integrated in a coherent and safe manner.
Current electrical standards for small craft of less than 24 m LH are the following:
a) ISO 10133 which is limited to recommendation for the design, construction and installation of
direct current systems that operate at a voltage of DC 50 V or less; and
b) ISO 13297 which is limited to single phase alternating current electrical systems less than AC
250 V.
Neither of these standards includes requirements for electrical propulsion systems.
c) IEC 60092-507 is applicable to small craft up to 50 m/500 GT and includes requirements for three-
phase systems not exceeding AC 500 V and single-phase systems not exceeding AC 250 V and for
DC systems and sub-systems not exceeding DC 50 V nominal, and includes a section on electric
propulsion systems.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16315:2016(E)
Small craft — Electric propulsion system
1 Scope
This International Standard addresses the design and installation of alternating current (AC) and direct
current (DC) electrical systems used for the purpose of electrical propulsion and/or electrical hybrid
(system with both a rechargeable battery and a fuelled power source) propulsion.
This International Standard applies to electrical propulsion systems operated in the following ranges
either individually or in combination:
— direct current of less than 1 500 V DC;
— single-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V;
— three-phase alternating current up to AC 1 000 V.
This International Standard applies to electrical propulsion systems installed in small craft up to 24 m
length of the hull (L according to ISO 8666).
H
This International Standard also lists in Annex A additional information to be included in the owner's
manual as well as Annex B additional information to be provided to the installer.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8846, Small craft — Electrical devices — Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases
ISO 9094, Small craft — Fire protection
ISO 10133:2012, Small craft — Electrical systems — Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations
ISO 10239, Small craft — Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) systems
ISO 10240, Small craft — Owner’s manual
ISO 11105, Small craft — Ventilation of petrol engine and/or petrol tank compartments
ISO 13297:2014, Small craft — Electrical systems — Alternating current installations
ISO 25197:2012, Small craft — Electrical/electronic control systems for steering, shift and throttle
IEC 60079 (series), Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60092-202:1994/Amd 1:1996, Electrical installation in ships — Part 202: System design — Protection
IEC 60092-303, Electrical installation in ships — Part 303: Equipment — Transformers for power and
lighting
IEC 60092-352, Electrical installation in ships — Part 352: Choice and installation of electrical cables
IEC 60092-507:2014, Electrical installations in ships — Part 507: Small vessels
IEC 60898-1, Electrical accessories — Circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar
installations — Part 1: Circuit-breakers for a.c. operation
ISO 16315:2016(E)
IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — General requirements
— Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 60947-2, Low voltage switchgear and control gear — Part 2: Circuit breakers
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1100 V — Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for isolating transformers and power supply
units incorporating isolating transformers
IEC 61558-2-6, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1 100 V — Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for safety isolating transformers and power
supply units incorporating safety isolating transformers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
safety voltage
voltage which does not exceed AC 50 V r.m.s. between conductors, or between any conductor and
earth, in a circuit isolated from the supply by means such as a safety isolating transformer, or converter
with separate winding voltage which does not exceed 50 DC V between conductors, or between
any conductor and earth, in a circuit which is isolated from higher voltage circuits
Note 1 to entry: Consideration should be given to the reduction of the limit of 50 V under certain conditions, such
as wet surroundings or exposure to heavy seas or where direct contact with live parts is involved.
Note 2 to entry: The voltage limit should not be exceeded either at full load or no load, but it is assumed, for the
purpose of this definition, that any transformer or converter is operated at its rated supply voltage.
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.19]
3.2
rated voltage
U
nominal AC r.m.s. line voltage to earth nominal AC r.m.s. voltage between
line conductor and neutral conductor nominal DC voltage between poles
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-507:2014, 3.1.4]
3.3
live part
conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal operation including a neutral
conductor, but by convention not a PEN conductor (a conductor combining the functions of both a
protective conductor and a neutral conductor)
Note 1 to entry: This term does not necessarily imply risk of electric shock.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-19, modified as follows: The text “or a PEM conductor or PEL
conductor” has been deleted. The text in brackets has been added]
3.4
earthed
grounded, en US
connected to the general mass of the hull of the craft in such a manner as will ensure at all times an
immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.9, modified as Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.5
readily accessible
capable of being reached quickly and safely for effective use without the use of tools
[SOURCE: ISO 13297:2014, 3.17]
3.6
final circuit
portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent protection device for that circuit
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.17, modified – The words “overcurrent protective device of a board”
have been replaced with “overcurrent protection device for that circuit”]
3.7
overcurrent protection device
device provided to interrupt an electric circuit in case the conductor current in the electric circuit
exceeds a predetermined value for a specified duration
3.8
fuse
device that by the fusing of one or more of its specifically designed and proportioned components,
opens the circuit in which it is inserted by breaking the current when this exceeds a given value for a
sufficient time
Note 1 to entry: The fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-18-01, modified]
3.9
circuit-breaker
mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit
conditions, and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified
abnormal circuit conditions such as those of a short circuit
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-20]
3.10
residual current device
RCD
mechanical switching device designed to make, carry and break currents under normal service
conditions and to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value
under specified conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-442:1994, 442-05-02, modified as Note has been omitted]
3.11
protective conductor
PE (identification)
conductor provided for purposes of safety, for example, protection against electric shock
Note 1 to entry: In an electrical installation, the conductor identified PE is normally also considered as protective
earthing conductor.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-09]
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.12
bond
connection of non-current-carrying parts to ensure continuity of electrical connection, or to equalize
the potential between parts comprising, for example, the armour or lead sheath of adjacent length of
cable, the bulkhead, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60092-101:1994, 1.3.7, modified – Last part concerning “cables in a radio-receiving room”
has been deleted.]
3.13
conductor
conductive part intended to carry a specified electric current
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-01-07]
3.14
neutral conductor
conductor electrically connected to the neutral point and capable of contributing to the distribution of
electrical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-06]
3.15
line conductor
phase conductor (in AC systems) (deprecated) pole conductor (in DC systems) (deprecated)conductor
which is energized in normal operation and capable of contributing to the transmission or distribution
of electric energy but which is not a neutral conductor
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-08]
3.16
transformer
energy converter with isolating separation between the input and output windings and the protective
conductor
3.17
switch
mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit
conditions which may include specified operating overload conditions and also carrying for a specified
time currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit
Note 1 to entry: A switch may be capable of making but not breaking short-circuit currents.
3.18
panel board
assembly of devices, such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments and indicators, for the
purpose of controlling and/or distributing electrical power
Note 1 to entry: Examples of devices include circuit breakers, fuses, switches, instruments and indicators.
3.19
disconnector
mechanical switching device which provides, in the open position, an isolating distance in accordance
with specified requirements
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1994, 441-14-05]
ISO 16315:2016(E)
3.20
battery pack
mechanical assembly comprising battery cells and retaining frames or trays and possibly components
for battery management
Note 1 to entry: Note1 to entry: Typical battery packs will be a single assembly, voltage and connection in an
enclosure.
Note 2 to entry: Several connected battery packs form a battery bank.
[SOURCE: ISO 12405-2:2012, 3.2, modified by additional Note 1 and 2 to entry]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
Electric propulsion systems for small craft are generally designed and constructed from a number of
component parts many of which can be of proprietary origin and all of the electrical and control items
are interconnected by cables and operated as a system.
It is essential that the propulsion system designer/installer shall be competent with all aspects of the
equipment included in the design of a particular system such that the component parts of the propulsion
system are integrated in a coherent and safe manner.
The rated power output of each electric propulsion system at the motor shaft shall be designed to match
the propeller characteristics and the required rotational speed range or thrust range of variable pitch
propellers/thrusters.
The electric propulsion system may be electrically separate from other electrical systems on board a
small craft.
Different types of AC electrical system include four-wire with neutral earthed, but without hull return
(TN-C), five-wire with neutral earthed, but without hull return (TN-S), and IT systems with their
particular requirements for earth leakage current monitoring, alarm and tripping systems.
DC systems may be either earthed, or be fully insulated with particular requirements for insulation
resistance monitoring, alarm and tripping systems. For DC propulsion systems operating at voltages
greater than safety voltage, a three-wire system (e.g. DC +48 V/0/−48V) may be considered with the
mid-point conductor earthed to limit prospective touch voltage.
For DC electric propulsion systems and other electrical systems with rated nominal voltages in excess
of safety voltage, the precautions against the risk of electric shock shall be observed.
DC electric propulsion systems may have large capacity battery bank(s) or pack(s) as the main power
source, and particular attention is required for the following:
a) ventilation requirements necessary for battery bank or battery pack compartments;
b) requirements for an overcurrent device and an isolation switch for each propulsion battery bank or
battery pack;
c) circuit protection requirements for permanently energised circuits supplied from a battery bank
or battery pack.
Electric propulsion circuits shall be designed to protect against the following:
— fire by the use of overcurrent protection, grounding/earthing, terminal protection and conductor
type and size;
— shock by the use of enclosures, conductor and terminal insulation, automatic disconnection and
grounding/earthing system protection as appropriate.
ISO 16315:2016(E)
Electric propulsion circuits shall not interact with other circuits in such a way that circuits would fail to
operate as intended.
4.2 Components of an electric propulsion system
The electric propulsion system may include several sub-systems and components including, but not
limited to, the following:
— batteries;
— battery management systems;
— AC or DC generators;
— AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC converters, Variable Frequency Drives;
— electric propulsion motors;
— propulsion panel board;
— propulsion motor controls, monitoring, system alerts and trip alarms;
— transformers;
— conductors and cables;
— isolation switches (disconnectors), circuit breakers, contactors, fuses.
Each of these propulsion system components shall conform to the relevant ISO/IEC standard.
4.3 Electric propulsion systems
4.3.1 An electrical propulsion system may be
a) DC, sourced from battery(s) or DC generator(s) or AC/DC converters from an AC source, or
b) AC, sourced from alternator(s) or a DC/AC converter from a DC source [e.g. battery(s)].
The energy source(s) of an electric propulsion system may be reserved for this purpose and be
electrically separate from other electrical systems on board a craft, or all electrical systems on board
a craft may be directly connected to a common source but propulsion system(s) may have specific
requirements for electrical separation, earthing/bonding, conductor installation, etc. from the other
items of electrical equipment and circuits included in the overall design.
The rated voltage of an electric propulsion may be different from other electrical systems on-board a
craft and uses either AC or DC systems.
— For an AC propulsion system, it may be at variable frequency.
— For a DC propulsion system sourced from an AC system, the DC electrical propulsion system may
be obtained from an AC/DC converter with galvanic separation between input and output and
appropriate arrangements made at the output for fully insulated or negative earth propulsion
systems. Similarly, an earthed two wires propulsion system may be supplied from an insulated two
wires source via a DC/DC converter with galvanic separation and vice versa.
— For a DC propulsion system sourced from a DC system, the source shall have the same characteristics.
Systems may require attention to the treatment of the neutral earth, and also have specific requirements
in respect of earthing and bonding relative to the requirements of other electrical systems on-board a
craft.
ISO 16315:2016(E)
4.3.2 A DC electrical propulsion system may be configured as
a) fully insulated two-wire system (IT) or
b) two-wire system with negative earth/bonded (TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S).
4.3.3 A single-phase AC electrical propulsion system may be configured as
a) single-phase two wire insulated (IT), or
b) single-phase two-wire with earthed neutral (TT or TN-C without hull return); or TT (when shore
connected), or
c) single-phase three-wire with mid-point earthed, both neutral and protective conductor (PE)
earthed at the energy source without hull return (TN-S).
4.3.4
...
Die SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 ist eine bedeutende Norm, die sich mit der Konstruktion und Installation von elektrischen Antriebssystemen in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen beschäftigt. Der Standard behandelt sowohl Gleichstrom- (DC) als auch Wechselstrom- (AC) Systeme, die für elektrische Antriebslösungen entwickelt wurden. Diese Norm ist besonders relevant für die neuen Entwicklungen im Bereich der umweltfreundlichen Antriebstechnologien, insbesondere mit dem Fokus auf Hybridantriebe, die sowohl über wiederaufladbare Batterien als auch über einen externen Kraftstoffantrieb verfügen. Der Anwendungsbereich der SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 ist präzise definiert. Sie gilt für elektrische Antriebssysteme, die in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen bis zu einer Länge von 24 m installiert werden. Die Norm berücksichtigt dabei spezifische Spannungsbereiche: Sie umfasst Gleichstromsysteme bis zu 1.500 V DC sowie einphasige und dreiphasige Wechselstromsysteme, die jeweils bis zu 1.000 V AC betrieben werden können. Diese Breite an Anwendungsmöglichkeiten macht die Norm zu einem wichtigen Referenzdokument für Hersteller und Betreiber von kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen. Ein wesentlicher Stärke dieser Norm ist ihre Fähigkeit, die Sicherheit und Effizienz von elektrischen Antriebssystemen zu fördern. Durch die klare Definition technischer Anforderungen und Installationsrichtlinien wird sichergestellt, dass die Systeme sicher betrieben werden können. Zudem unterstützt die Norm die Entwicklung innovativer und nachhaltiger Antriebstechnologien, die für die maritime Industrie von zentraler Bedeutung sind, insbesondere im Kontext der zunehmenden Anforderungen an umweltfreundliche Lösungen. Die Relevanz der SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 erstreckt sich über die technische Implementierung hinaus. Sie ist ein unverzichtbares Dokument für regulatorische Anforderungen und bietet Richtlinien, die sowohl für Hersteller als auch für Ingenieure von höchstem Interesse sind. In einer Zeit, in der die Branche zunehmend auf nachhaltige Praktiken angewiesen ist, spielt dieser Standard eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Unterstützung der Umstellung auf elektrische Antriebssysteme und der Einhaltung internationaler Standards. Insgesamt bietet die SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 eine umfassende und robuste Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Installation von elektrischen Antriebssystemen in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen und ist ein unentbehrliches Werkzeug für alle, die in diesem Bereich tätig sind.
Die SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 ist ein bedeutendes Standarddokument, das sich mit den Anforderungen an elektrische Antriebssysteme in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen beschäftigt. Der Geltungsbereich dieser Norm ist klar definiert und umfasst sowohl Wechselstrom (AC) als auch Gleichstrom (DC) Systeme, die für elektrische Antriebe und hybride Antriebssysteme ausgelegt sind. Diese Hybridantriebssysteme kombinieren wiederaufladbare Batterien mit einer betriebenen Energiequelle, was die Flexibilität und Effizienz im Betrieb von kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen erhöht. Ein herausragendes Merkmal der ISO 16315:2016 ist ihre Anwendbarkeit auf elektrische Antriebssysteme, die entweder einzeln oder in Kombination operieren, wobei Gleichstrom von weniger als 1.500 V DC sowie einphasiger und dreiphasiger Wechselstrom bis zu 1.000 V abgedeckt sind. Diese Spezifizierungen garantieren, dass die Norm sowohl für einfache als auch komplexe elektrische Systeme in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen geeignet ist, was einen breiten Anwendungsbereich für Hersteller und Betreiber schafft. Ein weiterer wichtiger Vorteil der SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 ist die Fokussierung auf die Installations- und Entwurfsrichtlinien für elektrische Antriebssysteme in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen bis zu einer Länge von 24 m. Diese Einschränkung des Geltungsbereichs stellt sicher, dass der Standard spezifisch auf die Bedürfnisse und Herausforderungen des Marktes für kleine Wasserfahrzeuge ausgerichtet ist, was zu einer höheren Sicherheit und Effizienz in der Anwendung führt. Die Relevanz der ISO 16315:2016 kann nicht genug betont werden, insbesondere in Anbetracht der wachsenden Nachfrage nach umweltfreundlichen Antriebslösungen und nachhaltigen Technologien in der maritimen Branche. Durch die Bereitstellung von klaren Richtlinien fördert der Standard die Implementierung sicherer und zuverlässiger elektrischer Antriebssysteme und trägt so zur Verbesserung der Umweltbilanz kleiner Wasserfahrzeuge bei. Insgesamt bietet die SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 eine umfassende Grundlage für die Entwicklung, den Entwurf und die Installation von elektrischen Antriebssystemen in kleinen Wasserfahrzeugen, was sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug für die Branche macht.
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016은 소형 선박을 위한 전기 추진 시스템의 설계 및 설치에 관한 중요한 표준으로, 전기 추진 및 전기 하이브리드 추진 시스템(재충전 가능한 배터리와 연료 기반 전원원을 결합한 시스템)의 요구 사항을 다루고 있습니다. 이 표준은 직류(DC) 및 교류(AC) 전기 시스템에 대해 구체적인 지침을 제공하며, 이는 전기 추진을 목적으로 하는 소형 선박에 필수적인 요소입니다. 이 표준의 범위는 직류가 1,500V 미만인 경우, 단상 교류가 최대 1,000V까지, 그리고 삼상 교류가 최대 1,000V까지의 전기 추진 시스템에 적용됩니다. 또한, SIST EN ISO 16315:2016은 길이가 24미터 이하인 소형 선박에 설치된 전기 추진 시스템에만 적용되므로, 특정한 범위 내에서의 안전성과 효율성을 확보하는 데 기여합니다. SIST EN ISO 16315:2016의 강점은 전기 추진 시스템의 설계 및 설치에 대한 종합적인 지침을 제공함으로써, 해양 환경에서의 안전성을 높이고, 기술적 표준을 준수할 수 있도록 한다는 점입니다. 이 표준은 사용자들이 다양한 전기 추진 옵션을 이해하고 선택하는 데 도움을 주며, 지속 가능한 해양 산업을 위한 기초를 마련합니다. 마지막으로, 이 표준은 전기 추진 시스템의 발전과 보급을 촉진하여, 환경 친화적인 해양 교통 수단으로의 전환에 기여할 수 있는 중요한 문서입니다. 따라서 SIST EN ISO 16315:2016은 전기 추진 시스템의 설계와 설치에 있어 필수적으로 고려해야 할 표준입니다.
La norme SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 est un document essentiel qui traite des systèmes de propulsion électrique dans les petites embarcations. Son champ d'application couvre la conception et l'installation des systèmes électriques alimentés par courant alternatif (AC) et courant direct (DC), spécifiquement destinés à des applications de propulsion électrique et de propulsion hybride. Les points forts de cette norme résident dans sa capacité à offrir des lignes directrices précises pour des systèmes de propulsion électrique opéré dans des plages définies, tant pour le courant continu inférieur à 1 500 V DC que pour les systèmes de courant alternatif, qu'il soit monophasé ou triphasé, jusqu'à 1 000 V. Cela assure une compatibilité et une sécurité optimales lors de l'installation et de l'utilisation de ces systèmes. La norme est particulièrement pertinente dans le contexte actuel où l'industrie maritime cherche à réduire son empreinte carbone. En intégrant des systèmes électriques et hybrides, elle répond aux exigences modernes de durabilité tout en offrant aux concepteurs et aux installateurs un cadre normatif solide. De plus, l'application de cette norme aux petites embarcations jusqu'à 24 mètres de longueur de coque, comme précisé dans la norme ISO 8666, en fait un outil précieux pour les acteurs de ce segment de marché. In fine, la SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 se positionne comme une référence indispensable pour toutes les parties prenantes impliquées dans le développement et l'implémentation de systèmes de propulsion électrique dans le secteur nautique, garantissant la sécurité, la fiabilité et l'efficacité des installations.
La norme SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 aborde de manière approfondie la conception et l'installation des systèmes électriques de propulsion, tant en courant alternatif (CA) qu'en courant continu (CC), spécifiquement destinés aux petits navires. Avec une portée qui s'étend aux systèmes de propulsion électrique, ainsi qu'aux systèmes hybrides (combinant une batterie rechargeable et une source d'alimentation alimentée), cette norme joue un rôle crucial dans le développement des innovations maritimes. Un des points forts de la norme ISO 16315:2016 est son application précise aux systèmes de propulsion électrique, limités à des valeurs spécifiques : des courants continus de moins de 1 500 V CC et des courants alternatifs monophasés et triphasés jusqu'à 1 000 V AC. Cette précision dans les limites de tension contribue à garantir la sécurité et l'efficacité des installations électriques des petits navires, ce qui renforce la confiance des navigateurs dans l'utilisation de ces technologies avancées. De plus, la norme s'applique spécifiquement aux petites embarcations d'une longueur de coque allant jusqu'à 24 m, ce qui démontre sa pertinence pour une large gamme de navires. En intégrant des exigences de conception et d'installation adaptées aux spécificités de ce segment du marché, la SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 constitue un guide essentiel pour les fabricants et les concepteurs. Cela favorise non seulement l'harmonisation des pratiques, mais aussi l'amélioration continue des systèmes de propulsion électrique. L'importance de cette norme dans le contexte des tendances actuelles vers des solutions de transport plus durables et moins polluantes ne peut être sous-estimée. En facilitant l'adoption de systèmes de propulsion électrique et hybrides, la norme ISO 16315:2016 répond efficacement aux défis environnementaux contemporains tout en offrant des opportunités pour le développement technologique dans le secteur maritime. En résumé, la norme SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 se distingue par sa portée, sa clarté réglementaire, et son alignement avec les besoins croissants en matière de durabilité, faisant d'elle un outil indispensable pour l'industrie maritime contemporaine.
The SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 standard provides comprehensive guidelines for the design and installation of electrical propulsion systems specifically tailored for small craft. Its relevance is highlighted by addressing both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical systems, which are essential for modern marine propulsion solutions. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its inclusive scope, which allows for systems operating at various voltage levels, including less than 1,500 V DC and up to 1,000 V for both single-phase and three-phase AC systems. This adaptability enables the standard to cater to a wide range of electrical propulsion types, making it applicable to various small crafts up to 24 meters in length, in accordance with ISO 8666. The emphasis on electrical hybrid propulsion, which integrates both rechargeable batteries and fuel-based power sources, reflects a forward-thinking approach that aligns with contemporary trends towards sustainability and energy efficiency in marine transportation. Thus, this standard not only emphasizes safety and performance but also promotes innovative technologies that benefit the environment. Overall, SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 serves as an essential reference for manufacturers, designers, and engineers involved in the small craft sector, ensuring that electrical propulsion systems are developed and implemented with the highest standards of quality and safety. Its adoption can significantly enhance operational effectiveness, improve compliance with international regulations, and foster advancements in marine technology.
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、小型船舶における電動推進システムの設計と設置に関する包括的な指針を提供しており、その適用範囲は現代の海洋技術において非常に重要です。この規格は、交流（AC）および直流（DC）の電気システムを対象にしており、特に1,500 V DC未満の直流、1,000 Vまでの単相交流、1,000 Vまでの三相交流が含まれています。 この標準の強みの一つは、再充電可能なバッテリーシステムと燃料電源を併用するハイブリッド推進システムの設計に対応している点です。これにより、環境への配慮が高まる中で、より持続可能な航行を可能にする基盤を提供します。さらに、SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、IS0 8666に基づいて24メートル以下の船体（LH）に設置される電動推進システムに適用されるため、特に小型船舶の推進技術に特化しています。 この文書は、設計者、メーカー、そして船舶の運用者にとって、信頼性が高く、効率的な電動推進システムの実現を目指すためのガイドラインを示しています。技術的要件が明確に示されていることで、業界全体における標準化が促進され、その結果、利便性や安全性が向上します。 SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、海洋産業における最新の電動推進システムに関する標準の翻訳として、特に再生可能エネルギーの活用や電動化の流れにおいて、非常に関連性の高い文書です。この規格に従うことで、より環境に優しい航行が実現でき、さらに競争力を高めることが期待されます。
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 표준 문서는 소형 수상 스포츠 및 여가용 보트를 위한 전기 추진 시스템의 설계 및 설치에 관한 내용을 다룹니다. 이 표준은 교류(AC) 및 직류(DC) 전기 시스템의 규정을 제공하며, 전기 추진 및 하이브리드 추진 시스템(충전 가능한 배터리와 연료 공급원 모두를 갖춘 시스템)의 설계를 돕기 위해 마련되었습니다. ISO 16315:2016의 강점 중 하나는 전기 추진 시스템이 적용될 수 있는 범위가 명확히 규정되어 있다는 점입니다. 본 표준은 직류 전압이 1,500V 미만인 시스템, 단상 교류 전압이 1,000V까지인 시스템, 3상 교류 전압이 1,000V까지인 시스템을 모두 포함합니다. 이러한 포괄적인 범위는 전문가들이 다양한 시스템을 구현하고 최적화할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, 표준은 24m 길이의 선체를 가진 소형 수상 비행기에서 사용되는 전기 추진 시스템에 적용됩니다. 이는 기업들과 제조업체들이 이들 범위 내의 소형 보트에 필요한 전기 설비를 설계할 때 필수적인 기준이 됩니다. SIST EN ISO 16315:2016은 전기 추진 시스템의 신뢰성과 안전성을 보장하기 위한 체계적인 접근 방식을 제공하며, 이로 인해 관련 산업에서 매우 중요한 문서로 자리잡고 있습니다. 따라서, 모든 관련 엔지니어 및 설계자는 이 표준을 준수함으로써 성능과 안전성을 확보할 수 있습니다. 이러한 특성은 전기 추진 시스템의 표준화와 기술 발전을 선도하는 데 기여하고 있습니다.
The SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 standard presents a comprehensive framework for the design and installation of electrical propulsion systems in small crafts. It encompasses both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) systems, recognizing the evolving landscape of marine propulsion technologies. The standard specifically targets electrical propulsion used in small crafts measuring up to 24 meters in length, which is crucial for ensuring that safety and performance criteria are met within this category. One of the primary strengths of ISO 16315:2016 is its detailed guidance on the operational parameters of the electrical systems. It clearly delineates the permissible ranges for DC systems of less than 1,500 V and AC systems up to 1,000 V, both for single-phase and three-phase applications. This clarity is essential for manufacturers and installers, as it provides a common understanding of technical requirements and enhances compatibility across various systems. Additionally, the incorporation of hybrid propulsion systems in the standard is a significant advancement. As the marine industry shifts towards more sustainable practices, the inclusion of systems that utilize both rechargeable batteries and fuel-powered sources showcases the standard's relevance in promoting eco-friendly solutions. This adaptability not only benefits manufacturers but also aligns with global trends towards increased environmental responsibility in marine operations. The scope of the standard is precisely targeted, ensuring that it addresses the specific needs of small craft operators while maintaining rigorous safety and performance standards. Its international recognition enhances its credibility and provides a benchmark for compliance across different markets. Overall, SIST EN ISO 16315:2016 stands out as a crucial standard for the marine industry, ensuring that electrical propulsion systems are safe, efficient, and environmentally sustainable.
SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、小型船舶における電動推進システムの設計と設置に関する国際標準を規定しています。この標準は、交流（AC）および直流（DC）電気システムの使用に関連し、特に電気推進または電気ハイブリッド推進システムの導入に焦点を当てています。具体的には、DC電圧が1,500V未満、単相ACが1,000V、三相ACが1,000Vまでの範囲で運用される電気推進システムに適用されます。 この標準の強みは、小型船舶の設計における電気推進技術の整合性を確保することにあります。SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、船舶の全長が24mまでの小型船に対して適用され、将来の技術進化に対応するための基盤を提供します。また、ハイブリッドシステムの使用を認めることにより、環境への配慮と効率性の向上を促進しています。 さらに、ISO 16315:2016は、電気推進システムの安全性と信頼性を向上させるための設計基準を定め、必要な試験および検証手続きを示しています。これにより、エンジニアや製造業者は、国際的な市場に適応した高性能で安全な小型船舶の電動推進システムを開発することができます。 この標準は、持続可能な航行を実現するための重要な手段となり、電動推進技術の普及を促進する役割を果たしています。SIST EN ISO 16315:2016は、業界全体にとって価値のある指針であり、これに準拠することで、信頼性の高い電動推進システムの採用と運用が期待されます。
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