SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
(Main)Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 8178-1:1996)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 8178-1:1996)
To be withdrawn (NT/2001-12-07).
Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Abgasmessung - Teil 1: Messung der gasförmigen Emission und der Partikelemission auf dem Prüfstand (ISO 8187-1:1996)
Dieser Teil der EN 28178 legt die Mess- und Auswerteverfahren für gasförmige und partikelförmige Abgasemissionen von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren fest. Die Norm gilt für Messungen unter stationären Bedingungen auf dem Prüfstand und dient dazu, einen leistungsbezogenen Emissionswert jeder Schadstoffkomponente im Abgas zu ermitteln. Verschiedene Kombinationen von Motorbelastung und Drehzahl gelten für verschiedene Motoranwendungen (siehe EN 28178-4).
Moteurs alternatifs a combustion interne - Mesurage des émissions de gaz d'échappement - Partie 1: Mesurage des émissions de gaz et de particules au banc d'essai (ISO 8178-1:1996)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 8178-1:1996)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
01-december-2000
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement -
Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO
8178-1:1996)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 1:
Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 8178-1:1996)
Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Abgasmessung - Teil 1: Messung der gasförmigen
Emission und der Partikelemission auf dem Prüfstand (ISO 8187-1:1996)
Moteurs alternatifs a combustion interne - Mesurage des émissions de gaz
d'échappement - Partie 1: Mesurage des émissions de gaz et de particules au banc
d'essai (ISO 8178-1:1996)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8178-1:1996
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
27.020 Motorji z notranjim Internal combustion engines
zgorevanjem
SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
INTERNATIONAL IS0
STANDARD
8178-I
First edition
1996-08-I 5
Reciprocating internal combustion
engines - Exhaust emission
measurement -
Part 1:
Test-bed measurement of gaseous and
particulate exhaust emissions
Moteurs alternatifs 2 combustion interne - Mesurage des 6missions de
gaz d’khappement -
Partie 7: Mesurage des km&ions de gaz et de particules au bane d’essai
Reference number
IS0 8178-I :1996(E)
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
Page
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........................
................ ............................
2 Normative references
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~~.~.~.
3 Definitions . . . .
.........
..............................................
4 Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols and subscripts . . . . .~.~.~.~.
.*.
2 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abbreviations
.............................
......... ....................................
5 Test conditions
....... ......................................................
5.% General requirements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.
5.2 Engine test conditions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.
5.3 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 . Engine air inlet system
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.
5.5 Engine exhaust system
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . a . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . -.O . . . . .
Lubricating oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. -.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.~.~.
Test fuels
. . . . . . . . . . . . -.
Measurement equipment and data to be measured
7
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . . . . -.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamometer specification
Exhaust gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.- . . . . . -- . . . . .
7.2
. . . . . . . . . . .~.~.~.~.~.~.“.
7.3 Accuracy
..~.....~m....~....**...
7.4 Determination of the gaseous components
7.5 Particulate determination . . . .-. . . . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibration of the analytical instruments
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.~.“.~.~.~.~.~.
Introduction
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.~~.~.~.~.~.~.”
.2 Calibration gases
0 IS0 1996
All rights reserved. Unless otherwlse specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
in&ding photocopyng and
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 @ CH-1211 Gengve 20 @ Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
II
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
0 IS0 IS0 81784:1996(E)
8.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system . . . 18
8.4 Leakage test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.5 Calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.6 Verification of the calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.7 Efficiency test of the NO, converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 19
8.8 Adjustment of the FID .*. 21
8.9 Interference effects with CO, CO,, NO, and 0, analysers . 23
\
8.10 Calibration intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9 Calibration of the particulate measuring system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9.2 Flow measurement . . . 25
9.3 Checking the dilution ratio . . 25
....................................
9.4 Checking the partial flow conditions 25
9.5 Calibration intervals . . 25
IO Running conditions (test cycles) . 25
11 Test run . 26
11.1 Preparation of the sampling filters . 26
11.2 Installation of the measuring equipment . 26
11.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine . 26
11.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio . 26
11.5 Determination of test points . . 26
11.6 Checking of the analysers . 27
11.7 Test cycles . 27
.................................................. 28
11.8 Re-checking the analysers
11.9 Test report . 28
12 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions . 28
12.1 Gaseous emissions . 28
12.2 Particulate emissions . 28
13 Calculation of the gaseous emissions . 28
13.1 Determination of the exhaust gas flow . 28
13.2 Dry/wet correction . 29
0.
III
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
0 IS0
IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
30
13.3 NO, correction for humidity and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.4 Calculation of the emission mass flow rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Calculation of the specific emissions
13.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
14 Calculation of the particulate emission . . . . . . . .*. 33
14.1 Particulate correction factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
14.2 Partial flow dilution system . . 34
14.3 Full flow dilution system
.................................................... 36
14.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate . 36
14.5 Calculation of the specific emissions
................................. 37
14.6 Effective weighting factor . 38
15 Determination of the gaseous emissions . . . . . . . .*.
38
15.1 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NO,, 02 . 38
15.2 Ammonia analysis . . 44
15.3 Methane analysis . 45
15.4 Methanol analysis . 49
15.5 Formaldehyde analysis . . 49
16 Determination of the particulates . 52
16.1 Dilution system . 52
16.2 Particulate sampling system . 67
Annexes
A Calculation of the exhaust gas mass flow and/or of the combustion
air consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Equipment and auxiliaries to be installed for the test to determine
B
engine power (see also 5.3 and 11.5) . . .*.*. 83
C Efficiency calculation and corrections for the non-methane
hydrocarbon cutter measuring method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
86
D Formulae for the calculation of the coefficients U, V, w in 13.4 87
D.l For ideal gases at 273,15 K (0 “C) and lOI, kPa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
D.2 For real gases at 0 “C and 101,3 kPa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
0.3 General formulae for the calculation of concentrations at
temperature T and pressure g .*. . . . . . . . . . 87
E Heat calculation (transfer tube) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
0 IS0
IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
E.l Transfer tube heating example . 89
E.2 Heat transfer calculation . 90
F Bibliography . 93
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISG member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISQ
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISG, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(I EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 8178-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSG/TC 70, Internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, f~haust
gas emission measurement.
ISG 8178 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Reciproca tlng in ter-nal combustion engines - Exhaust emission meas-
uremen t:
- Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust
emissions
- Part 2: Measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions
at site
- Part 3: Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust
gas
smoke under steady-state conditions
- Part 4: Test cycles for different engine applications
- Part 5: Test fuels
- Part 6: Test report
- Part 7: Engine family determination
- Part 8: Engine group determination
- Part 9: Test bed measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions
from engines used in non-road mobile machinery
Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this part of BSG 8178. An-
nexes E and F are for information only.
vi
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0 IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
- Exhaust
Reciprocating internal combustion engines
emission measurement -
Part 1:
Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust
emissions
1 Scope
This part of IS0 8178 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust
emission from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RIG engines) under steady-state conditions on a test
bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas polluant. Various combinations of engine
load and speed reflect different engine applications (see IS0 8178-4).
This part of IS0 8178 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines
for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This part of IS0 8178 may be applied to engines used e.g. in
earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.
In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with IS0 8178-2, the field test
document. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognized that data ob-
tained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the
auspices of this part of IS0 8178. Therefore, it is recommended that this option be exercised only with engines
built in very limited quantities such as very large marine or generating set engines.
For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations,
regulations for powerplants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply.
Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by
an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calibration methods specified in IS0 8178-2 are appropriate.
This part of IS0 8178 is intended for use as a measurement procedure to determine the gaseous and particulate
NOTE 1
emission levels of RIC engines for non-automotive use. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engine’s emission characteristics
which, through use of the proper weighting factors, can be used as an indication of that engine’s emission levels under various
applications. The emission results are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt hour and represent the mass rate of emissions
per unit of work accomplished.
Although this part of IS0 8178 is designed for non-automotive engines, it shares many principles with particulate
and gaseous emission measurements that have been in use for many years for on-road engines. One test pro-
cedure that shares many of these principles is the full dilution method currently specified for certification of 1985
1
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
and later heavy duty truck engines in the USA. Another is the procedure for direct measurement of the gaseous
emissions in the undiluted exhaust gas, as currently specified for the certification of heavy duty truck engines in
Japan and Europe.
Many of the procedures described below are detailed accounts of faboratov methods, since determining an
emissions value requires performing a complex set of individual measurements, rather than obtaining a single
measured value. Thus, the results obtained depend as much on the process of performing the measurements as
they depend on the engine and test method.
Evaluating emissions from off-road engines is more complicated than the same task for on-road engines due to
the diversity of off-road applications. For example, on-road applications primarily consist of moving a load from one
point to another on a paved roadway. The constraints of the paved roadways maximum acceptable pavement
loads and maximum allowable grades of fuel, narrow the scope of on-road vehicle and engine sizes. Gff-road en-
gines and vehicles include a wider range of size, including the engines that power the equipment. Many of the
engines are large enough to preclude the application of test equipment and methods that were acceptable for
on-road purposes. In cases where the application of dynamometers is not possible the tests shall be made at site
or under appropriate conditions.
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part
of ISG 8178. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of IS8 8178 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. i’vlembers of IEC and IS8 maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards.
ISO 3046-3: 1989, Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Performance - Part 3: Test measurements.
IS0 5167-I : 1991, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices - Part 7 ,* orifice plates,
nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full.
IS8 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.
, Exhaust emission measurement - Part 2: Meas-
IS0 8178-2: -.I Reciprocating in ternal combustion engines -
urement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions at site.
IS0 8178-4: --I), Reciprocating in ternal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 4: Test
cycles for different engine applications.
-l) , Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test
IS0 8178-5:
fuels.
IS0 8178-6: .--I) , Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 6: Test
report.
SAE J 1151 :I 988, Methane measurement using gas chromatography.
SAE J 1936:1989, Chemical methods for the measurement of nonregulated diesel emissions.
1) To be published.
2
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
0 IS0
IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of IS0 8178, the following definitions apply.
3.1 particulates: Any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust gases with clean, fil-
tered air at a temperature of less than or equal to 325 K (52 “C), as measured at a point immediately upstream
of the primary filter; this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons and sulfates, and associated water.
NOTE 2 Particulates defined in this part of IS0 8178 are substantially different in composition and weight from particulates
or dust sampled directly from the undiluted exhaust gas using a hot filter method (e.g. IS0 9096). Particulates measurement
as described in this part of IS0 8178 is conclusively proven to be effective for fuel sulfur levels up to 0,8 %.
3.2 partial flow dilution method: The process of separating a part of the raw exhaust gases from the total
exhaust flow, then mixing with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to passing through the particu ate sam-
pling filter (see 16.1 .I, figures 10 to 18).
3.3 full flow dilution method: The process of mixing dilution air with the total exhaust flow prior to s ?parating
a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis.
NOTE 3 It is common in many full-flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust
gases a second time
to obtain lpriate sample temperatures 19).
at the particulate filter (see 16.1.2, figure
appro
3.4 isokinetic sampling: The process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample by maintaining the mean
sample velocity at the probe equal to the exhaust stream mean velocity.
3.5 non-isokinetic sampling: The process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample independent of the
exhaust stream velocity.
36 . multiple filter method: The process of using one pair of filters for each of the individual test cycle mode
s;
the modal weighting factors are accounted for after sampling during the data evaluation phase of the test
3.7 single filter method: The process of using one pair of filters for all test cycle modes. Modal weighting fac-
tors must be accounted for during the particulate sampling phase of the test cycle by adjusting sample flow rate
and/or sampling time.
NOTE 4 This method dictates that particular attention be given to sampling duration and flow rates.
3.8 specific emissions: Emissions expressed on the basis of brake power as defined in 3.9.
NOTE 5 For many engine types within the scope of this part of IS0 8178 the auxiliaries which will be fitted to the engine
in service are not known at the time of manufacture or certification.
When it is not appropriate to test the engine in the conditions as defined in annex B, e.g., if the engine and
transmission form a single integral unit, the engine can only be tested with other auxiliaries fitted. In this case the
dynamometer settings should be determined in accordance with 5.3 and 11.5. The auxiliary losses should not
exceed 5 % of the maximum observed power. Losses exceeding 5 % must be approved, prior to the test, by the
parties involved.
39 brake power: The observed power measured at the crankshaft or its equivalent, the engine being equipped
only with the standard auxiliaries necessary for its operation on the test bed (see 5.3 and annex B).
3.10 auxiliaries: The equipment and devices listed in annex B.
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
IS0 8178=1:1996(E).
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols and subscripts
Symbols
According
Term
Unit
to EEC SI’)
regulations
Cross sectional area of the isokinetic sampling probe
m2
AP
A,
Cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe m2
AT Ax
cone, C Background corrected concentration
corr ppm % (v/v)
coned Concentration of the dilution air
cdil ppm % (v/v)
cone, Concentration (with suffix of the component nominating)
Cx ppm % WA4
DF D Dilution factor
1
EAF E Excess air factor (kg dry air per kg fuel)
E Excess air factor (kg dry air per kg fuel) at reference conditions
EAFRef ref
Laboratory atmospheric factor
.a f . f a
F Fuel specific factor for the carbon balance calculation
FFCB
cb
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on dry basis
FFD Fd
Fuel specific factor used for the calculations of wet concentrations from dry
FFH Fh
concentrations
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on wet basis
1
FFW Fw
Intake air mass flow rate on dry basis
GAIRD qmad kg/h
Intake air mass flow rate on wet basis
4
GAIRW maw kg/h
G Dilution air mass flow rate on wet basis
DILW qmdw kg/h
Equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
GEDFW ‘?:dx kg/h
Exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
9
GEXHW mxw kg/h
Fuel mass flow rate
GFUEL 4mf kg/h
Diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
GTOTW qmdx
kg/h
GAS, Gas emission (with subscript denoting compound)
kg/kWmh
eX
Absolute humidity of the intake air
Ha Ha
g/kg
Absolute humlidiity of the dilution air
Hd Hd
mil
H
Reference value of absolute humidityz)
HREF ref
s/kg
HTCRAT HC Hydrogen-to-carbon ratio
mol/mol
i i
Subscript denoting an individual mode
Humidity correction factor for NO, for diesel engines
KHDIES Khd
K Humidity correction factor for NO, for gasoline (petrol) engines
HPET
Khp
Humidity correction factor for particulates
1
KP
KP
K Dry to wet correction factor for the intake air
KWa wa
K Dry to wet correction factor for the dilution air
KWd wd
K Dry to wet correction factor for the diluted exhaust gas
KW, we
K K Dry to wet correction factor for the raw exhaust gas
Wr wr
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
0 IS0
IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
Symbols
According
Term
Unit
to EEC SI’)
regulations
M Percent torque related to the maximum torque for the test engine speed
L
%
mass Emissions mass flow rate
qmPT
g/h
Particulate sample mass of the dilution air collected
Md md
w
Mass of the dilution air sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
MDIL mdil
kg
Particulate sample mass collected
Mf mf
w
M Mass of individual gas
GASi mgasi
kg
m Mass of the diluted exhaust sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
MSAM sam
kg
Saturation vapour pressure of the engine intake airs)
Pa Pa kPa
Total barometric pressure4)
PB Pb kPa
Saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air
pd kPa
Pd
Dry atmospheric pressure
kPa
PS Ps
P P Uncorrected brake power
kW
P Declared total power absorbed by auxiliaries fitted for the test and not required by
kW
‘AUX aux
annex B
Maximum measured or declared power at the test engine speed under test condi-
pm pm kW
tions (see 11.5)
PT Particulate emission
g/kW-h
ePT
Particle mass flow rate
pTmass qmPT
kg/h
Dilution ratio
1
4 rdil
r Ratio of cross sectional areas of isokinetic probe and exhaust pipe
1
ra
Relative humidity of the intake air
Ra Ra %
Relative humidity of the dilution air
Rd Rd %
FI D response factor
Rf rf 1
FID response factor for methanol
RfM rm 1
s s Dynamometer setting
kW
Absolute temperature of the intake air
K
Ta Ta
Absolute dewpoint temperature
K
TDd Td
T T
Absolute reference temperature (of combustion air: 298 K)
K
ref ref
Absolute temperature of the intercooled air
K
Tsc Tc
T Absolute intercooled air reference temperature
K
TSCRef cref
Intake air volume flow rate on dry basis
m3/h
‘AIRD %ad
Intake air volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
VAIRW QVaw
Volume of the dilution air sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
m3
vDIL vdil
Dilution air volume flow rate on wet basis
‘Dl LW %fdw m3/h
Equivalent diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
VEDFW 6dx m3/h
Exhaust gas volume flow rate on dry basis
VEXHD qVxd m3/h
Exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
qVxwi m3/h
VEXHW
5
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
Diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
Weighting factor
1) According to IS0 31 on Quantities and units.
2) IQ71 g/kg; for calculation of NO, and particulate humidity correction factors.
3) Correspond to psy or PSY (test ambient conditions) as defined in KS0 3046-I.
4) Corresponds to px or PX (site total pressure in ambient conditions); pv or PY (test total pressure in ambient conditions)
as defined in IS0 3046-I.
4.2 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemicalI corn
ACN Acetonitrile
Cl Carbon ‘l equivalent hydrocarbon
CH Methane
4
Ethane
w,
Propane
C3H8
CH,OH Methanol
co Carbon monoxide
co Carbon dioxide
2
DNPH Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
DOP Dioctyl phthalate
HC Hydrocarbons
HCHO Formaldehyde
Water
H,O
NH Ammonia
3
Non-methane hydrocarbons
NMHC
NO Nitric oxide
NO Nitrogen dioxide
2
NO Oxides of nitrogen
X
Dinitrogen oxide
N,O
0 Oxygen
2
RME Rapeseed oil methylester
so Sulfur dioxide
2
so Sulfur trioxide
3
6
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SIST EN ISO 8178-1:2000
IS0 8178=1:1996(E)
0 IS0
4.3 Abbreviations
CFV Critical flow venturi
CLD Chemiluminescent detector
cvs Constant volume sampling
Electrochemical sensor
ECS
Flame ionization detector
FID
Fourier transform infrared analyser
FTIR
GC Gas chromatograph
HCLD Heated chemiluminescent detector
HFID Heated flame ionization detector
High pressure liquid chromatograph
HPLC
Non-dispersive infrared analyser
NDIR
NMC Non-methane cutter
PDP Positive displacement pump
PMD Paramagnetic detector
PT Particulates
Ultraviolet detector
UVD
Zirconium dioxide sensor
ZRDO
5 Test conditions
5.1 General requirements
All volumes and volumetric flow rates shall be related to 273 K (0” C) and 101,3 kPa.
5.2 Engine test conditions
5.2.1 Test condition parameter
The absolute temperature Ta of the engine intake air expressed in Kelvin, and the dry atmospheric pressure pS,
expressed in kPa, shall be measured, and the parameter fa shall be determined according to the following pro-
visions:
Naturally aspirated and mechanic
...
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