SIST EN 15240:2007
(Main)Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systems
Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systems
This European Standard describes the common methodology for inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings for space cooling and or heating from an energy consumption standpoint. The inspection can consider for instance the following points to assess the energy performance and proper sizing of the system:
- System conformity to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present state of the building.
- Correct system functioning.
- Function and settings of various controls.
- Function and fitting of the various components.
- Power input and the resulting energy output.
It is not intended that a full audit of the air conditioning system is carried out, but a correct assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any recommendations on improvement of the system or use of alternative solutions. National regulations and guidelines targeting energy efficiency and in line with the main objectives of this standard are also applicable.
NOTE Provision of adequate ventilation and system balancing are dealt with in EN 15239.
The qualification of the persons or organisation responsible for inspections is not covered by this standard, but the requirements for inspections are covered.
The frequency of the mandatory inspection is defined on national level. Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection are introduced in Annex C.
Lüftung von Gebäuden - Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Leitlinien für die Inspektion von Klimaanlagen
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die übliche Methode für die Inspektion von in Gebäuden installierten Klimaanlagen für das Kühlen und/oder Heizen von Räumen, bezogen auf den Energieverbrauch. Bei der Inspektion können zum Beispiel folgende Punkte zur Bewertung der Gesamtenergieeffizienz und der geeigneten Dimensionierung der Anlage untersucht werden:
- die Anlagenkonformität mit der ursprünglichen Auslegung und späteren Änderungen, tatsächliche Anforderungen und aktueller Gebäudezustand;
- ordnungsgemäßes Funktionieren der Anlage;
- Funktion und Einstellung der verschiedenen Regeleinrichtungen;
- Funktion und Anschluss der verschiedenen Bauteile;
- Leistungsaufnahme und daraus resultierende Energieleistung.
Die Durchführung einer vollständigen Auditprüfung der Klimaanlage ist nicht das Ziel, sondern eine ordnungsgemäße Bewertung der Funktionsfähigkeit und der Hauptauswirkungen auf den Energieverbrauch und die sich daraus ergebende Festlegung von Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Anlage oder von Alternativlösungen.
ANMERKUNG Vorgaben zum geeigneten Lüftungs und Anlagenabgleich sind in prEN EPBD WI 30 behandelt.
Ventilation des bâtiments - Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Lignes directrices pour l'inspection des systemes de climatisation
La présente Norme européenne décrit la méthodologie commune pour l'inspection des systemes de conditionnement d'air dans les bâtiments aux fins de rafraîchissement ou de chauffage des locaux, du point de vue de la consommation d'énergie. L'inspection peut, par exemple, prendre en compte les points suivants pour évaluer la performance énergétique et le dimensionnement correct du systeme :
- la conformité du systeme par rapport a la conception d'origine et a ses modifications ultérieures, aux besoins réels et a l'état actuel du bâtiment ;
- le fonctionnement correct du systeme ;
- la fonction et la consigne des différents parametres de régulation ;
- la fonction et l'ajustement des divers composants ;
- la puissance absorbée et la puissance utile résultante.
Il n'est pas prévu de procéder a une vérification complete du systeme de conditionnement d'air, mais a une évaluation correcte de son fonctionnement et de ses principaux impacts sur la consommation d'énergie et de déterminer en conséquence toute recommandation relative a son amélioration ou a l'utilisation de solutions alternatives.
NOTE Les dispositions relatives a une ventilation et un équilibrage du systeme adéquats sont abordées dans le prEN EPBD WI 30.
Prezračevanje stavb - Toplotne lastnosti stavb – Navodila za nadzorstvo klimatizirnih sistemov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systemsRUVWYRVentilation des bâtiments - Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Lignes directrices pour l'inspection des systemes de climatisationLüftung von Gebäuden - Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Leitlinien für die Inspektion von KlimaanlagenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15240:2007SIST EN 15240:2007en91.140.30VLVWHPLVentilation and air-conditioningICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15240:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15240April 2007ICS 91.140.30 English VersionVentilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings -Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systemsVentilation des bâtiments - Performance énergétique desbâtiments - Lignes directrices pour l'inspection dessystèmes de climatisationLüftung von Gebäuden - Gesamtenergieeffizienz vonGebäuden - Leitlinien für die Inspektion von KlimaanlagenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15240:2007: E
EN 15240:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Inspection procedure.6 4.1 General.6 4.2 Pre-inspection and document collection.7 4.2.1 Documents.7 4.2.2 Building and system survey.8 4.2.3 Advice in case of outdated, incomplete or missing documentation.8 4.3 Methodology.8 4.3.1 General.8 4.3.2 Inspection of the refrigeration equipment.9 4.3.3 Inspection of pumps and chilled water pipe work.9 4.3.4 Inspection of effectiveness of outdoor heat rejection.9 4.3.5 Inspection of the effectiveness of heat exchange to the refrigeration system (indoor units of split and distributed systems).9 4.3.6 Inspection of air delivery systems in treated spaces.9 4.3.7 Inspection of air delivery systems at air handling units and the associated ductwork.10 4.3.8 Inspection of air inlets to the system.10 4.3.9 Inspection of the building system controls and control parameters.10 4.3.10 Metering.10 4.4 Reporting.11 5 Advice on alternative solutions and improvements.11 Annex A
(informative)
Examples for the indication of subsystems of air conditioning systems.12 A.1 General.12 A.2 Indication for subsystems.12 A.3 Examples for classification of complete air conditioning systems.13 Annex B (informative)
Examples of inspection classes of air conditioning systems.14 Annex C (informative)
Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection.15 Annex D (informative)
Checklist of pre–inspection information.16 Annex E (informative)
Recommendations for the extent of the inspection.17 E.1 General.17 E.2 List of items for inspection in each class (C, B, A).17 Annex F (informative)
Examples of checklists indicating observations and appropriate actions or advice.24 Annex G (informative)
Inspection report, example of contents.30 Annex H (informative)
Energy impacts of air conditioning, justification of inspection and improvements.32 H.1 General.32 H.2 Reduce cooling needs of the building.32 H.3 Improve the system efficiency.33 Bibliography.36
EN 15240:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15240:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2007. This standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in CEN/TR 15615, Explanation of the general relationship between various CEN standards and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document"). Attention is drawn to the need for observance of the relevant EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements.
Existing national regulations with or without reference to national standards, may restrict for the time being the implementation of the European Standards mentioned in this report. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 4 Introduction Article 9 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (abbreviated as EPBD) requires the introduction of “measures to establish a regular inspection of air conditioning systems of an effective rated output of more than 12 kW”. The inspection is to include “an assessment of the air conditioning efficiency and the sizing compared to the cooling requirements of the building”. Advice is also to be provided to the users on “possible improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on alternative solutions”. Therefore, it is not the intention to have a full audit of the air conditioning system but a correct assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any recommendations on improvement. The target groups of this standard are national regulators as well as the building services sector including professional building owners, and persons and organisations responsible for inspections. Article 2 of the EPBD defines an “air conditioning system” as “a combination of all components required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is controlled or can be lowered, possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness.” The inspection described here is therefore intended to include all types of comfort cooling and air conditioning systems that provide a total cooling output for the building above the specified 12 kW which is in turn taken to mean the rated cooling capacity of the included air conditioning systems. The total cooling output of 12 kW is associated to a building or a zone of a building according to national regulations. The term “air conditioning system” is used to represent any of the systems described below, which may heat and cool, and includes the associated water and air distribution and exhaust systems that form a necessary part of the system. It also includes the controls that are intended to regulate the use of these systems. It excludes mechanical ventilation systems that provide no mechanical cooling and components that, although they may be co-located in air conditioning systems, are dedicated to providing heating duty only. EN 15239 gives details for inspection of ventilation systems, and of the associated air distribution and exhaust systems and thus provides complementary information to this standard. prEN 15378 specifies procedures and methods for the inspection of boilers and heating systems, according to Article 8 of the EPBD.
The possibility to introduce classes is given in this standard in order to leave Member States freedom to choose between different objectives and extent of inspection, within a harmonised framework.
Air conditioning systems can be described according to the list of systems and subsystems presented in Annex A. Inspection classes can also be specified on national level. Examples of inspection classes are introduced in Annex B.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the common methodology for inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings for space cooling and or heating from an energy consumption standpoint. The inspection can consider for instance the following points to assess the energy performance and proper sizing of the system: System conformity to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present state of the building. Correct system functioning. Function and settings of various controls. Function and fitting of the various components. Power input and the resulting energy output. It is not intended that a full audit of the air conditioning system is carried out, but a correct assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any recommendations on improvement of the system or use of alternative solutions. National regulations and guidelines targeting energy efficiency and in line with the main objectives of this standard are also applicable.
NOTE Provision of adequate ventilation and system balancing are dealt with in EN 15239. The qualification of the persons or organisation responsible for inspections is not covered by this standard, but the requirements for inspections are covered.
The frequency of the mandatory inspection is defined on national level. Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection are introduced in Annex C. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12792:2003, Ventilation for buildings — Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols
EN 14511-1:2004, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 1: Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792:2003 and EN 14511-1:2004 and the following apply.
3.1 air conditioning system combination of all components required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is controlled, possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness
EN 15240:2007 (E) 6 3.2 inspection inspection, in the manner of this standard means to examine the air conditioning systems in buildings
3.3 air conditioning system control measures taken in ensuring the system operates in accordance with the design criteria
NOTE It may be a part of the building system control
3.4 commissioning sequence of events that ensure the building and its associated heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are functioning in accordance with the design parameters 3.5 design criteria set of descriptions based on particular environmental elements such as indoor air quality, thermal and acoustical comfort, energy efficiency and the associated system controls to be used for assessing the plant operation 3.6 control parameters set values of the internal environmental conditions 3.7 design documentation written descriptions of the essential design elements of the plant
3.8 cooling energy distribution system (abbreviated CED-system) subsystem, where the cooling energy is transported and distributed from the CES-system to CEE-system by a distribution medium, inclusive control systems (examples for the distribution medium are air, water, refrigeration fluid) 3.9 cooling energy emission system (abbreviated CEE-system) subsystem, where the cooling energy is emitted to the space (for example air outlets, fan coils, chilled ceiling, surface cooling) inclusive control systems 3.10 cooling energy generation system (abbreviated CEG-system) subsystem, where the cooling energy is generated by refrigeration units (examples are chillers, absorber unit, heat pumps) inclusive control systems 3.11 energy supply system (abbreviated ES-system) system supplying the necessary energy to generate the CEG-system (examples are electricity, gas, solar) inclusive control systems 4 Inspection procedure 4.1 General The inspection shall commence with examination of the relevant design and system documentation and visual checks as far as possible to ensure that the equipment described is present and according to system specification. If the documentation is not available, then an additional part of this procedure is to locate the equipment and assemble a minimum portfolio of relevant documentation.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 7 For the minimum content for the information that should be available in readiness for the inspection, the list in Annex D may be used. NOTE For the inspection of air conditioning systems classes may be specified on national level, according to one or more of the following parameters: • Usage of the air conditioned building • Air conditioned area or volume • Type of air conditioning system • Nominal cooling capacity • Annual running time • Date of installation • Legal requirements • System documentation If the inspection classes introduced in Annex B are used, then the different relevant parts of the inspection procedure can be established from the examples of procedures given in Annex F for a few sub-systems. Optional inspection items and/or measurement methods may be applied according the inspection class.
Comments on the frequency and scope of maintenance of the air conditioning systems shall be covered in relation to national requirements and good practice, e.g. industry guidelines, This, and the dates of most recent maintenance may be referred to during the ‘physical’ inspection. Where there is clear evidence that a good practice program of maintenance is being carried out, then the inspection described in this standard may be simplified or reduced in accordance with the classification.
When checking the performance of different parts of an air-conditioning system, the measurement methods employed will assist subsequent follow-ups. To make this possible, the instructions for each measurement method shall be followed and the instruments for the measurements calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Compare system sizes with likely loads. Annex F contains procedures for assessing whether refrigeration systems and air supply and extract systems are likely to be oversized. Estimate the Specific Fan Power of the air movement systems whenever relevant, from the installed fan capacities and the flow rates, noted in the commissioning records.
4.2 Pre-inspection and document collection 4.2.1 Documents 4.2.1.1 General
Prior to inspection, where possible, the design criteria, system characteristics and the operational regime shall be determined. All available original documentation relating to the building and the installed systems shall be collected and assessed. Additional documentation, if it exists, indicating any modifications or alterations to the building, the systems or the use since the original documents, shall also be obtained and assessed. Annex D provides examples of documents needed. 4.2.1.2 Design documentation Collect and identify available current relevant documents to support the inspection and the relevant subsystems and components.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 8 If a satisfactory documentation is not available, a minimum set of information on the air conditioning system and building use shall be assembled.
The energy certificate, if available, shall be used. Correspondence between documentation and actual installed components shall be checked. Any difference shall be stated in the report.
The design documents, where available, which define the relevant design criteria, shall be checked against the actual installation and the present use. 4.2.1.3 System characteristics Working or as installed drawings shall be checked against the actual installation and use of the building.
An equipment list shall be obtained or prepared. If available, the commissioning data shall be checked against the present system. 4.2.1.4 Building and system operation and maintenance status Determine whether the air conditioning system, subsystems or components are regularly and correctly operated, and maintained by qualified and/or authorised personnel according to: • System designer’s instructions • Manufacturer’s instructions of the subsystems and components • Any legal or statutory requirements The maintenance status is an important part of the inspection. Check the maintenance records for the system and for individual items of the system, as well as the building and system log book.
4.2.2 Building and system survey Advise the user to keep and maintain any documentation determined above and any survey or calculations carried out during the initial (first) pre-inspection in a file so that they are available for subsequent inspections of the building and system(s).
4.2.3 Advice in case of outdated, incomplete or missing documentation In existing buildings the design and system documentation may be incomplete or even missing. The existing documentation may be partly outdated, due to undocumented changes in the use, loads, construction elements or building services systems during the building's lifetime.
In these cases, the lacking or outdated documentation shall be identified (the checklists given in Annexes F and G may be used whenever relevant), and the organisation or person responsible for the inspection shall provide the user advice on how to develop a plan to complete the documentation.
4.3 Methodology 4.3.1 General The inspection shall determine if the equipment operates in an appropriate environment and with acceptable efficiency and if maintenance and control checking operations are regularly carried out.
NOTE 1 Some of the checks and tests described here are obligatory in some countries, and may be done separately or in connection with the full inspection, and also more frequently than the full inspection if required. The inspection should take these into account as a part of the inspection if relevant.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 9 NOTE 2 Annex F may be used as a default list for checks, further information and advice on items under 4.3.2 to 4.3.9. 4.3.2 Inspection of the refrigeration equipment
Check the refrigeration equipment.
NOTE The checks would typically include the following items:
-refrigeration plant and its immediate surroundings; -compressors; -measurement records; -capability of providing cooling: operating temperatures, refrigerant charge, refrigerant leak; -insulation of refrigerant lines; -vibration and noise level; -condensing pressure; -efficiency data of the chillers. If any regulation requires periodic leak detection and repair, the documentation of the leak test shall be examined.
4.3.3 Inspection of pumps and chilled water pipe work Check the condition and operation of chilled water pipe work and its insulation. A good insulation, especially on chilled water systems where lengths of chilled water lines can be considerable, can have a significant influence on the system energy efficiency of the system. Check for signs of leakage from the pipe work. Check the pumps and valves for the distribution of water as an energy carrier.
4.3.4 Inspection of effectiveness of outdoor heat rejection
Locate and check the condition and operation of the outdoor heat rejection units.
4.3.5 Inspection of the effectiveness of heat exchange to the refrigeration system (indoor units of split and distributed systems) Check the condition and operation of heat exchangers inside those units installed within the treated spaces. 4.3.6 Inspection of air delivery systems in treated spaces NOTE 4.3.6 to 4.3.8 is applied in cases where the air-conditioning system includes distribution of cooling energy using ventilation. See also EN 15239. In the treated indoor spaces, locate and check the air delivery openings, grilles or diffusers, and locate the route by which air is extracted from the spaces. Note if there is any evidence that occupants find the air delivery arrangement unacceptable. Assess the positioning and geometry of air supply openings in relation to extract openings, and the potential to short-circuit from supply to extract.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 10 4.3.7 Inspection of air delivery systems at air handling units and the associated ductwork The air handling unit should have a warning sign affixed that indicates that the air handler fan should be turned off and air flow stopped before the air handler door is opened for inspection. If this is not present then the inspection shall include advice to affix such a warning. NOTE EN 1886 includes suggested wording for such a warning sign.
Determine and record the frequency of filter changing or cleaning, and the time elapsed since the last change or cleaning. Assess the current state of cleanliness, damage or blockage of filters. Assess the condition of heat exchangers.
4.3.8 Inspection of air inlets to the system
Locate and check the air inlets to the system. 4.3.9 Inspection of the building system controls and control parameters Identify and provide advice of all controls, sensors and indicators which are relevant for energy performance, as appropriate, on: • location
• function • settings Locate and inspect the controls responsible for the operation of the air conditioning or comfort cooling system, the heating system controls, and their associated temperature sensors. Review documentation or other sources of information to determine the individual control zones for heating and cooling. Determine the appropriateness of zoning in relation to factors such as local levels of internal gain, orientation and exposure to solar radiation.
Determine, where applicable, the method used to set, modulate or control air flow rate in the air supply, recirculation and exhaust ducts. Provide a view of the efficiency compared to good current practice.
4.3.10 Metering
Meters may have been installed to air conditioning systems, such as energy consumption or running time meters. Regularly noting the readings of such meters can help assess the operation of the air conditioning system.
Where energy consumption has been recorded on a regular basis, an estimate shall be done from the rated input power and the consumption record, whether the equipment is running in accordance with the use of the building. If not, the inspection shall include advice to the owner to reduce the energy consumption.
Where meters are installed, but no consumption records are available, the inspection shall include advice to record meter readings on a regular basis. Where no such metering is in place, a part of the advice provided would be to install appropriate energy consumption metering at least to the more significant energy consuming air conditioning plant, and subsequently to record the consumption on a regular basis.
EN 15240:2007 (E) 11 4.4 Reporting
A report of the air conditioning inspection shall be prepared. The inspection report shall include at least the identification data of the property inspected and person and organisation in charge of the inspection, list of the relevant documents, and results of the inspection. One example of the list of the inspection report is given in Annex G.
The inspection report shall give an assessment of the total energy efficiency of the systems inspected.
5 Advice on alternative solutions and improvements
According to Article 9 of the EPBD, advice is to be provided to the users on “possible improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on alternative solutions”. As the pre-inspected and collected information, as well the inspection results are different according to the system, the advice vary regarding the improvements and alternative solutions. The advice shall consider the main impacts for improvements: • Adaptation to the actual use of the building • Reduction of the cooling load • Improvement of the maintenance • Incorrect function of the system, the subsystems and components • Replacement of the system, subsystems or components NOTE 1 Alternative solutions may be necessary for such air conditioning systems which are far away from agreed reference values, like replacement of the whole system. Detailed cost effectiveness studies are outside the scope of this assessment, but a number of opportunities may be considered worthwhile recommendi
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SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 15240:2005
PREDSTANDARD
junij 2005
Prezračevanje stavb - Energijske karakteristike stavb – Smernice za pregled
klimatizirnih sistemov
Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for
inspection of air-conditioning systems
ICS 91.140.30 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 15240:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15240
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2005
ICS
English version
Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings -
Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systems
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 156.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15240:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15240:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword. 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions. 7
4 Energy impacts of air conditioning, justification of inspection and improvements. 7
5 Inspection methodology. 8
5.1 Pre-inspection and document collection. 8
5.1.1 Documents. 8
5.1.2 Building and system survey . 9
5.1.3 Subsequent inspections. 9
5.1.4 Advice in case of outdated, incomplete or missing documentation . 9
5.2 Methodology. 9
5.2.1 Inspect refrigeration equipment . 9
5.2.2 Inspect for effectiveness of outdoor heat rejection . 10
5.2.3 Inspect for effectiveness of heat exchange to the refrigeration system (indoor
units of split and distributed systems). 11
5.2.4 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems in treated
spaces . 11
5.2.5 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems at air
handling units and associated ductwork . 11
5.2.6 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems at outdoor
air inlets . 12
5.2.7 Inspect building system controls and control parameters. 12
5.2.8 Energy consumption metering . 13
5.3 Reporting. 13
6 Advice on alternative solutions and improvements. 14
7 Frequency of inspection. 15
Annex A (informative) Checklist of pre–inspection information . 16
Annex B (informative) Checklists indicating observations and appropriate actions or
advice . 17
Annex C (informative) Example of categories of documentation and information about the
system. 22
Annex D (informative) Energy impacts of air conditioning, justification of inspection and
improvements. 24
Annex E (informative) Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection . 28
2
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prEN 15240:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15240:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
"Ventilation for buildings", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
3
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prEN 15240:2005 (E)
Introduction
Article 9 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (abbreviated as EPBD) requires the
introduction of “measures to establish a regular inspection of air conditioning systems of an effective
rated output of more than 12 kW”. The inspection is to include “an assessment of the air conditioning
efficiency and the sizing compared to the cooling requirements of the building”. Advice is also to be
provided to the users on “possible improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on
alternative solutions”.
Therefore, it is not the intention to have a full audit of the air conditioning system but a correct
assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine
any recommendations on improvement.
Article 2 of the EPBD defines an “air conditioning system” as “a combination of all components
required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is controlled or can be lowered,
possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness.”
The inspection described here is therefore intended to include all types of comfort cooling and air
conditioning systems that provide a total cooling output for the building above the specified 12 kW
which is in turn taken to mean the rated cooling capacity of the included refrigeration systems. The
term “air conditioning system” is used to represent any of the systems described below, which may
heat and cool, and includes the associated water and air distribution and exhaust systems that form a
necessary part of the system. It also includes the controls that are intended to regulate the use of
these systems. It excludes mechanical ventilation systems that provide no mechanical cooling and
components that, although they may be co-located in air conditioning systems, are dedicated to
providing heating duty only. prEN EPBD WI 30 gives details for inspection of ventilation systems, and
of the associated air distribution and exhaust systems.
Air conditioning systems can be described and classified as follows
1. Air-to-air systems
� These are single or multi-split systems, in which one or more units containing the refrigeration and
heat rejection equipment are located outdoors and are connected to one or several cooling indoor
units. The discharge of conditioned air can be free delivery or through a duct.
� Roof-top units are packaged units that also ensure the ventilation of the air conditioned space by
providing a mixture of recycled and fresh air to the evaporator.
� Package air conditioning units are used for the cooling of process (close control or control cabinet
AC)
2. Air-to-water systems
These are generally package systems that provide chilled water to fan coil units or chilled floors
and/or ceilings. They are called liquid chilling packages or chillers.
3. Water-to-air systems
� They can be individual units where the heat source is any water source as lake, seawater or
ground water. The air distribution can be free delivery or through a duct.
� The so-called "distributed" or "water loop" systems consist of a series of individual heat pumps
located in the treated spaces. These are linked by a common water circuit to a central boiler and
to an outdoor heat rejection plant. The aim of the system is to provide heat recovery between
units operating in the cooling mode and units operating in the heating mode.
NOTE. Care has to be taken to ensure that the water used does not cause corrosion or sedimentation
within the system.
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4. Water-to-water systems
These are similar to air-to-water systems but the heat source is water instead of air.
The heat source can be water from the ground water, lake, seawater or other sources. The water-to-
water system can also be linked to a cooling tower or dry cooler for the heat rejection. In both cases
water treatment is needed.
5. Centralised systems
The system combines an air handling unit with the boiler and the refrigeration equipment that feed the
heating and cooling coils respectively. This system generally ensures the ventilation, the air
cleanliness and the control of temperature and humidity.
6. Solar energy systems
These are systems where the heat source of the refrigeration equipment is the heat from solar
collector panels (Absorption systems; Trombe Wall, Solar stacks; PVs: Thermal
Storage; Phase change)
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1 Scope
This European Standard describes the common methodology for inspection of air conditioning
systems in buildings for space cooling and or heating from an energy consumption standpoint. The
inspection can consider for instance the following points to assess the energy performance and
proper sizing of the system:
System conformity to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and
the present state of the building.
Correct system functioning.
Function and settings of various controls.
Function and fitting of the various components.
Power input and the resulting energy output.
It is not intended that a full audit of the air conditioning system is carried out, but a correct assessment
of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any
recommendations on improvement of the system or use of alternative solutions.
NOTE Provision of adequate ventilation and system balancing are dealt with in prEN EPBD WI 30
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 1886, Ventilation for buildings — Air handling units — Mechanical performance
EN 12599, Ventilation for buildings — Test procedures and measuring methods for handing over
installed ventilation and air conditioning systems
EN 12792, Ventilation for buildings — Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols
EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings — performance requirements for ventilation and
room-conditioning systems
EN 14511-1, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 1: Terms and definitions
prEN EPBD WI 5, Inspection of heating systems
prEN EPBD WI 20/21, Ventilation for buildings — Calculation methods for energy requirements due to
ventilation-systems in buildings
prEN EPBD WI 22, Calculation methods for energy Efficiency improvements by the application of
integrated building automation systems
prEN EPBD WI 30, Inspection of Ventilation Systems
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3 Terms and definitions
This clause presents the vocabulary used in this standard.
For the purposes of this Standard, EN 14511-1 together with the following definitions apply:
3.1
air conditioning system
a combination of all components required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is
controlled, possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness
3.2
effective rated output for a building
sum of the individual rated cooling capacities of the included refrigeration systems in the building. The
individual cooling capacity of a refrigeration system is the sum of nameplate ratings of the refrigeration
units in the system, tested in standard conditions according to EN 14511
3.3
inspector
a person who has appropriate training or practical experience in energy inspection of air conditioning
systems and associated regulations for energy, safety and health
3.4
building system control
the measures taken in ensuring the system operates in accordance with the specified conditions
3.5
commissioning
the sequence of events that ensure the building and the HVAC system are functioning in accordance
with the design parameters
3.6
design criteria
a set of descriptions based on a particular environmental element such as indoor air quality, thermal
and acoustical comfort, energy efficiency and the associated system controls to be used for assessing
the plant operation
3.7
control parameters
the set values of the internal environmental conditions
3.8
design documentation
written descriptions of the essential design elements of the plant
4 Energy impacts of air conditioning, justification of inspection and
improvements
Saving energy for air conditioning (cooling mode) are be based on the following:
1) Reduction of the cooling needs of the building
2) improving the system efficiency on the various stages :
a. emission
b. distribution
c. generation.
According to Article 9 of the EPBD, advice is also to be provided to the users on “possible
improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on alternative solutions”.
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In the inspection, attention should be paid also on the possibilities to save energy by other measures
than those related to the system. Recommendations should, whenever appropriate, pay attention to
these issues. Some of these are described in more detail in annex D. This chapter and annex D
address mainly the cooling issues. Ventilation issues are presented in prEN EPBD WI 30, and heating
issues in prEN EPBD WI 5.
5 Inspection methodology
The inspection shall begin with examination of the relevant design and system documentation and
visual checks as far as possible to ensure that the equipment described is present and according to
system specification. If the documentation is not available, then an additional part of this procedure is
to locate the equipment and assemble a minimum portfolio of relevant documentation.
The minimum content for the information that should be available in readiness for the inspection is
listed in annex A.
Report whether there is evidence of a regular inspection and maintenance regime carried out by
recognised competent organisations. Comments on the frequencies and scope of maintenance of the
air conditioning systems shall be covered in relation to national requirements and good practice, e.g.
industry guidelines, This, and the dates of most recent maintenance may be referred to during the
‘physical’ inspection.
Where there is clear evidence that a good practice program of maintenance is being carried out, then
certain aspects of the inspections described in this standard could be simplified or reduced.
When checking the performance of different parts of an air-conditioning system, the measurement
methods employed will assist subsequent follow-ups. To make this possible, the instructions for each
measurement method shall be followed and, if necessary, instruments for the measurements be
calibrated.
Compare system sizes with likely loads. Annex B contains also simple procedures for assessing
whether refrigeration systems and air supply systems are likely to be oversized.
Estimate the Specific Fan Power of the air movement systems whenever relevant, from the installed
fan capacities and the flow rates, checked according to EN 12599, noted in the commissioning
records. Check compliance to the target values specification according to EN 13779
(NOTE. extended table and annex on Specific Fan Power in prEN 13779 revision)
5.1 Pre-inspection and document collection
5.1.1 Documents
5.1.1.1 General
Prior to inspection the design criteria, system characteristics and the operational regime shall be
determined. All available original documentation relating to the building and the installed systems
shall be collected and assessed. Additional documentation, if it exists, indicating any modifications or
alterations to the building, the systems or the use since the original documents, shall also be obtained
and assessed.
5.1.1.2 Original design documentation.
The original design documents, which define design internal and external dry and wet bulb
temperatures together with design occupancy, lighting loads, equipment loads and building loads
such as solar and transmission, shall be checked against the present use.
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5.1.1.3 System characteristics.
Working or as installed drawings shall be checked against the actual installation.
An equipment list shall be obtained or prepared.
The control diagram shall be checked.
If available, the commissioning data shall be obtained from the commissioning agent and checked
against the present system.
5.1.1.4 Building and system operation and control regime.
The inspector shall determine the operational periods of the building and system, as well as the
control zones and method of control throughout the building.
The inspector shall assess the maintenance records for the system and for individual items of the
system.
The inspector shall check the building and system log book.
5.1.2 Building and system survey
Should insufficient or inadequate documentation be available to properly determine any of the
requirements in 5.1.1, the inspector shall carry out a survey of the areas missing from the
documentation. The inspector shall then determine, by calculation if necessary, the information
required to assess the energy performance of the present system against the original design.
5.1.3 Subsequent inspections.
NOTE The documentation listed above and any survey or calculations carried out during the initial (first) pre-
inspection should be filed so that they are available for subsequent inspections of the building and systems
5.1.4 Advice in case of outdated, incomplete or missing documentation
In existing buildings the design and system documentation may be incomplete or even missing. The
existing documentation may be partly outdated, due to undocumented changes in the use, loads,
construction elements or building services systems during the building's lifetime.
In these cases, the lacking or outdated documentation shall be identified (use the checklists given in
Annexes A and B whenever relevant), and the inspector shall provide the user advice on how to
develop a plan to complete the documentation, including a schedule ending up to full evaluation of the
documentation, which may take place either before or during the next full inspection.
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Inspect refrigeration equipment
Plant environment: If installed as separate plant, inspect the general state of the refrigeration
equipment and the space immediately around it. If the area is not clear and clean then it is unlikely
that maintenance operations are regularly carried out. Does the area near the equipment (wherever
installed) show signs of staining which may indicate refrigerant leakage. If present, check whether any
attention to this is noted in the maintenance records.
Compressors: Locate the relevant refrigeration compressors. These are normally in the plant room
(some centralised systems), in outdoor units (split and multi-split systems, and unitary air-cooled
chillers) or in individual room units (distributed reversible systems). Check that these can be brought
into operation.
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Recording of measurements: Recording of any measurement available on the site can help in
checking the functioning of the equipment, such as:
suction and discharge pressure of compressor(s)
refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the compressor / outlet of evaporator
power input to the equipment
Generally these measurements are available on large units, either on the unit or via the system
management for default detection.
Operating temperatures: In operation a temperature difference across the refrigeration compressor
should be observed. Compared with the ambient temperature in the plant room (or indoors or
outdoors), one side of the refrigeration circuit should become cold and the other warm while the
compressor is working. These temperature differences should be apparent when flow and return
water pipe work or refrigerant pipes to and from the refrigerant plant are touched or, better still, the
temperatures measured using one or two surface temperature probes. If, while the refrigeration plant
is operating, the flow and return appear to be at the same temperature, or warmer than the
surroundings, then it is likely that the equipment has lost its refrigerant charge.
Refrigerant charge: If the refrigeration equipment includes a readily visible liquid sight glass, to show
the state of the refrigerant in the system, this should be observed while the equipment is operating. If
there is a reasonable difference between flow and return temperatures, but gas bubbles can be seen
passing through the sight-glass, or a distinct liquid level line can be seen across the sight glass, then
it is likely that there is and insufficient refrigerant charge in the system.
Refrigerant leak test
If any regulation requires periodic leak detection and repair, the inspector shall examine the
documentation. In case there is no regulation, the refrigerant leak detection shall still be considered
from the energy point of view.
Checking of the insulation of the refrigerant lines
A good insulation, especially on multi-split systems where lengths of refrigerant lines can be
considerable, can have a great importance on the system energy efficiency of the system.
Vibrations and noise level
Too high vibrations and noise level of the equipment can be representing of an abnormal functioning
of the unit. Refrigeration lines of split systems and air ducts shall also be checked.
5.2.2 Inspect for effectiveness of outdoor heat rejection
Locate and check the condition and operation of the outdoor heat rejection units.
If the heat rejection equipment is in an enclosure, check that this does not obstruct the flow of air to
and from the equipment, and that there are adequate openings for the free passage of air into and out
of the enclosure. Check that the openings are not themselves obstructed either by proximity to
adjacent structures, or by damage or by debris build up.
Check that all heat exchanger surfaces are free from debris and grease and that the fins are
undamaged.
Check for oily staining on direct expansion heat exchanger surfaces that might indicate refrigerant
leakage. If present, check if this is noted in the maintenance records.
In operation, ensure the correct rotation and control of heat rejection fans.
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5.2.3 Inspect for effectiveness of heat exchange to the refrigeration system (indoor units of
split and distributed systems)
Locate and check the condition and operation of heat exchangers inside those units installed within
the treated spaces.
Check that inlet and outlet grilles (where appropriate) are not obstructed either by proximity to
adjacent structures, or by damage or debris build up
Check that the heat exchanger surfaces are free from debris and (reasonably) undamaged.
Check the condition of intake air filters.
Check for staining on direct expansion heat exchanger surfaces that might indicate refrigerant
leakage. If present, check if this is noted in the maintenance records.
In operation, check the rotation and control of heat exchange fans.
5.2.4 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems in treated spaces
NOTE 5.2.4 to 5.2.6 are applied in cases where the air-conditioning system includes distribution of cooling
energy using ventilation. See also prEN EPBD WI30.
In the treated spaces, locate the air delivery openings, grilles or diffusers, and locate the route by
which air is extracted from the spaces.
Note if there is any evidence that occupants find the air delivery arrangement unacceptable, for
example taping over grilles, or have altered the designed flow distribution for example by blocking air
paths with furniture or similar obstructions, or wedging open doors.
Note the positioning and geometry of air supply openings in relation to extract openings, and the
potential to short-circuit from supply to extract. If suspected, this might be checked visually using a
smoke-pencil.
5.2.5 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems at air handling
units and associated ductwork
For safety reasons, it is necessary for air handling fans in air distribution systems to be turned off in
order to gain access inside air handlers or ductwork to inspect components such as fans, drives,
filters, heat exchangers and control dampers. A warning sign shall be provided, in accordance with
EN 1886.
Determine and record the frequency of filter changing or cleaning, and the time elapsed since the last
change or cleaning.
Assess the current state of cleanliness, damage or blockage of filters. Filter housings should be
equipped with a differential pressure gauge indicating the pressure drop and any blockage while the
system is in operation. If it is in good condition this may be used to assess filter blockage. If the gauge
is malfunctioning, perhaps due to loss of fluid, then this should be noted. Access the interior of the air
handling unit to observe filter condition directly, and check the fit and sealing of the filter and housing
within the duct.
Assess the condition of heat exchangers. Note if any of the heat exchanger surfaces are significantly
damaged, or blocked by debris or dust.
Note whether refrigeration heat exchangers have staining that could indicate refrigerant leakage. If
present, check whether any attention to this is noted in the maintenance records.
Note the fan type, and method of control.
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5.2.6 Inspect cooled air, and independent ventilation air, delivery systems at
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