oSIST prEN 13674-1:2023

Railway applications - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above

This document specifies Vignole railway rails of 46 kg/m and greater linear mass, for conventional and high speed railway track usage.
Pearlitic steel grades are specified covering a hardness range of 200 HBW to 440 HBW and include non heat treated non alloy steels, non heat treated alloy steels, and heat treated non alloy steels and heat treated alloy steels.
There are 24 rail profiles specified in this document.
Two classes of rail straightness are specified, differing in requirements for straightness, surface flatness and crown profile. Two classes of profile tolerances are specified.

Bahnanwendungen - Schienen - Teil 1: Vignolschienen ab 46 kg/m

Dieses Dokument enthält Festlegungen für Vignolschienen mit einer längenbezogenen Masse ab 46 kg/m für konventionelle und Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken im Eisenbahnwesen.
Es sind perlitische Stahlsorten in einem Härtebereich zwischen 200 HBW und 440 HBW festgelegt. Die Schienen sind entweder nicht wärmebehandelt und bestehen aus unlegiertem Stahl bzw. legiertem Stahl oder sind wärmebehandelt und bestehen aus unlegiertem Stahl bzw. legiertem Stahl.
In dieser Norm sind 24 Schienenprofile festgelegt.
Zwei Geradheitsklassen sind festgelegt, die sich hinsichtlich der Anforderungen an die Geradheit, die Fahrflächenebenheit und das Kopfprofil unterscheiden. Für die Profiltoleranzen sind zwei Klassen festgelegt.

Applications ferroviaires - Rails - Partie 1 : Vignole de masse supérieure ou égale à 46 kg/m

Le présent document caractérise les rails ferroviaires Vignole symétriques de masse linéaire supérieure ou égale à 46 kg/m, destinés à l’usage des voies classiques et à grande vitesse.
Les nuances d'acier perlitique spécifiées sont dans une fourchette de dureté comprise entre 200 HBW et 440 HBW et incluent les aciers non traités thermiquement non alliés, les aciers alliés non traités thermiquement, les aciers traités thermiquement non alliés et les aciers traités thermiquement alliés.
24 profils de rail sont spécifiés dans le présent document.
Deux classes de rectitudes des rails sont spécifiées, différenciées par les exigences de rectitude, la planéité de la surface et le bombé du champignon. Deux classes de tolérances de profils sont également spécifiées.

Železniške naprave - Tirnica - 1. del: Vignolove tirnice z maso 46 kg/m in več

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-May-2023
• ICS: 45.080 - Rails and railway components
• ICS: 93.100 - Construction of railways
• Technical Committee: IŽNP - Reilway applications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Apr-2023
• Due Date: 24-Aug-2023
• Completion Date: 25-May-2023
• Directive: 2016/797/EU - Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/483 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies under directive 2008/57/EC in the field of the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union
• Mandate: M/591 - Standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardisation and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation as regards railway products in support of Directive (EU) 2016/797
• Ref Project: prEN 13674-1 - Railway applications - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017 - Railway applications - Track - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Overview

prEN 13674-1 - Railway applications - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above (CEN) defines requirements for Vignole rails with a linear mass of 46 kg/m and greater for both conventional and high-speed track. The standard covers metallurgical grades, dimensional profiles, manufacturing practices, identification, qualifying and acceptance testing, and inspection criteria. It is aimed at ensuring consistent performance, safety and interchangeability of heavy rails used in modern rail infrastructure.

Key Topics

• Steel grades and hardness: Pearlitic rail steels across a hardness range of 200 HBW to 440 HBW, including non-heat-treated and heat-treated, alloy and non-alloy steel options.
• Rail profiles: 24 rail profiles are specified to cover common heavy-rail cross-sections used in track design.
• Manufacture & identification: Requirements for product integrity, blooms, rail production processes and traceability (branding, hot/cold stamping and other identification).
• Straightness & profile tolerances: Two classes of rail straightness defined with differing requirements for straightness, surface flatness and crown profile; two classes of profile tolerances.
• Qualifying tests: Procedures for qualification of rail grades and processes, including fracture toughness (K_IC), fatigue crack growth rate, full-scale fatigue tests, residual stress measurement in the rail foot, and segregation checks.
• Acceptance tests & inspection: Laboratory tests (chemical composition, microstructure, decarburisation, oxide cleanness, sulphur prints, hardness, tensile properties), dimensional tolerances, gauges, and internal/surface quality inspections.
• Normative annexes: Detailed profile drawings, K_IC test method, residual stress measurement method, limiting sulphur prints, profile/drilling gauges, microscopic inclusion assessment, and requirements for introducing new rail steel grades.

Applications

• Rail manufacturers specifying production and quality control criteria for heavy Vignole rails.
• Railway infrastructure owners, designers and procurement teams writing technical specifications for new track or renewals.
• Testing laboratories and quality assurance teams performing acceptance testing, fracture toughness and fatigue evaluations.
• Maintenance and engineering departments assessing suitability of rail grades for high-speed, heavy-haul, or conventional track environments.
• Regulators and standards committees developing interoperable European rail materials and safety criteria.

Related Standards

• Part of the EN 13674 series and outputs from CEN/TC 256. Users should reference other parts of the EN 13674 family and applicable national regulations for welding, track design and installation when specifying rails.

Keywords: prEN 13674-1, Vignole railway rails, 46 kg/m, rail steel grades, pearlitic steel, rail straightness, profile tolerances, fracture toughness, rail manufacturing, acceptance tests.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017
Železniške naprave - Tirnica - 1. del: Vignolove tirnice z maso 46 kg/m in več
Railway applications - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above
Bahnanwendungen - Schienen - Teil 1: Vignolschienen ab 46 kg/m
Applications ferroviaires - Rails - Partie 1 : Vignole de masse supérieure ou égale à 46
kg/m
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13674-1
ICS:
45.080 Tračnice in železniški deli Rails and railway
components
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2023
ICS 93.100 Will supersede EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017
English Version
Railway applications - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails
46 kg/m and above
Applications ferroviaires - Rails - Partie 1 : Rails Bahnanwendungen - Schienen - Teil 1: Vignolschienen
Vignole de masse supérieure ou égale à 46 kg/m ab 46 kg/m
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13674-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 9
5 Steel grades . 9
6 Profile drawings/properties/mass . 10
7 Manufacture . 11
7.1 Product integrity . 11
7.2 Blooms . 11
7.3 Rails . 11
7.4 Identification . 11
7.4.1 Branding . 11
7.4.2 Hot stamping . 12
7.4.3 Cold stamping . 13
7.4.4 Other identification . 13
8 Qualifying tests . 13
8.1 Procedure. 13
8.2 Fracture toughness (K ) . 13
Ic
8.2.1 Test pieces and test methods . 13
8.2.2 Qualifying criteria . 13
8.3 Fatigue crack growth rate . 14
8.3.1 Test method . 14
8.3.2 Test pieces . 14
8.3.3 Number of tests and test conditions . 14
8.3.4 Qualifying criteria . 14
8.4 Fatigue test . 15
8.4.1 Test method . 15
8.4.2 Test pieces . 15
8.4.3 Number of tests and test conditions . 15
8.4.4 Qualifying criteria . 15
8.5 Residual stress in rail foot . 15
8.5.1 Test method . 15
8.5.2 Test pieces . 15
8.5.3 Measurements . 15
8.5.4 Qualifying criteria . 15
8.6 Treated rails . 16
8.7 Segregation . 16
8.8 Other qualifying requirements . 16
9 Acceptance tests . 16
9.1 Laboratory tests . 16
9.1.1 General . 16
9.1.2 Sampling and preparation of samples and test pieces . 16
9.1.3 Chemical composition . 16
9.1.4 Microstructure . 21
9.1.5 Decarburisation . 21

9.1.6 Oxide cleanness . 22
9.1.7 Sulphur prints . 22
9.1.8 Hardness . 22
9.1.9 Tensile tests . 23
9.1.10 Tensile strength and elongation . 23
9.1.11 Retest procedures . 24
9.2 Dimension tolerances . 24
9.2.1 Profile . 24
9.2.2 Straightness, surface flatness and twist . 25
9.2.3 Cutting and drilling . 29
9.3 Gauges . 29
9.4 Inspection for internal quality and surface quality . 29
9.4.1 Internal quality . 29
9.4.2 Surface quality . 32
9.4.3 Checking of automated testing equipment . 34
Annex A (normative) Rail profiles . 46
Annex B (normative) Standard test method for the determination of the plane strain fracture
toughness (K ) of rails . 71
Ic
B.1 Test methods . 71
B.2 Test pieces . 71
B.3 Number of tests . 71
B.4 Test conditions . 71
B.5 Analysis of test data . 72
B.6 Reporting of results . 72
Annex C (normative) Method for the determination of rail foot surface longitudinal residual
stresses . 78
C.1 Procedure . 78
C.2 Strain gauges and their location . 78
Annex D (normative) Limiting sulfur prints . 81
Annex E (normative) Profile and drilling gauges . 87
Annex F (normative) Microscopic examination of rail steels using standard diagrams to assess
the content of non-metallic inclusions . 100
F.1 General . 100
F.1.1 Degree of purity . 100
F.1.2 Standard diagram plate No. 1 . 100
F.2 Preparation of specimens . 100
F.3 Structure and use of standard diagram plate No. 1 . 100
F.3.1 Use of diagram plate No. 1 . 100
F.3.2 Rating a single inclusion . 101
F.3.3 Rating of very small inclusions . 101
F.4 Test procedure . 101
F.4.1 Magnification. 101
F.4.2 Selection of inclusions . 101
F.4.2.1 General . 101
F.4.2.2 Rating of inclusions extending the diameter of observation . 101
F.4.2.3 Rating of inclusions of different types and shapes . 102
F.4.2.4 Rating of continuous and isolated inclusions . 102
F.4.2.5 Area to be examined . 102
F.5 Evaluation . 102
F.5.1 General . 102
F.5.1.1 Designation of inclusions . 102
F.5.1.2 Recording of inclusions . 102
F.5.2 Method of evaluation . 102
F.5.3 Calculation procedure for evaluation using method K . 102
Annex G (normative) Minimum requirements for the introduction of a new rail steel grade in
EN 13674-1 . 105
G.1 Mechanical and metallurgical properties . 105
G.2 Welding properties . 105
G.3 Track testing . 106
G.4 Documentation and request to CEN to introduce the new rail steel grade . 106
Annex H (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition . 107
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered. 110
Bibliography . 112

European foreword
This document (prEN 13674-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256“Railway
Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017.
EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017:
— The number of rail profiles is modified: 24 instead of 23;
— Introduction of a new steel grade: R335V;
— The minimum depth of stamping is reduced from 0,5 mm to 0,4 mm;
— 60E2 can be used as well as the 60E1 for the qualifying tests;
— The predictive equation is removed from the qualifying tests to the acceptance tests;
— Suppression of 02 as an element to be controlled and measured;
— Brinell hardness test conditions have been modified;
— New value for foot toe thickness;
— The rail transition references have been removed;
— A new normative annex “Minimum requirements for the introduction of a new rail steel grade in
EN 13674-1” has been introduced.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) /
Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
Introduction
This Introduction provides an explanation of the concepts and reasoning considered for this standard.
Whenever possible this part of EN 13674 is performance based, recognizes the European Quality System
standard EN ISO 9001 and requires manufacturers to offer the latest proven technology to consistently satisfy
the demanding quality of the required product.
This part of EN 13674 has two major divisions:
1) qualifying tests;
2) acceptance tests.
The qualifying tests take into account performance requirements. They also include typical results from
relevant acceptance tests.
The acceptance tests control those characteristics of the rail steel and rail that are of relevance to the
production of high quality rails including heat treated rails and the demands of the railway.
To ensure the supply of high quality rails, some restrictions on production processes are considered.
The performance based standard applies to all procurements falling inside the requirements of the European
th
Procurement Directive (93/38/EEC of 14 June 1993), taking into account safety implications and at the same
time addressing modern production technology and the requirements of high-speed railways. As a result of
the Directive it was recognized that there would be few opportunities (and these would have to be for
transparent safety considerations) for derogation from the standard to operate between the user and the
manufacturer.
The standard includes a prerequisite for all manufacturers to prove conformity against a set of qualifying test
criteria. Qualifying tests include all "normal" acceptance test results plus new "type-casting" features such as
fracture toughness, fatigue cracks growth rate, fatigue test and residual stress. To provide users with the
necessary confidence, acceptance limits have been based on results from rail known to have performed well
in demanding track installations.
The standard includes a quality assurance and inspection clause as part of product integrity.
In order that quality management systems are consistent across all manufacturers and that users have the
best assurance for the consistency of required product quality on this safety critical component of the track,
this rail standard recommends that the manufacturers' quality assurance systems are at least equivalent to
the requirements of EN ISO 9001. The inclusion of this requirement also reduces the need to incorporate
detailed method and calibration descriptions on items such as normal chemical composition determination
and the need to define more extensive testing.

1 Scope
This document specifies Vignole railway rails of 46 kg/m and greater linear mass, for conventional and high
speed railway track usage.
Pearlitic steel grades are specified covering a hardness range of 200 HBW to 440 HBW and include non heat
treated non alloy steels, non heat treated alloy steels, and heat treated non alloy steels and heat treated alloy
steels.
There are 24 rail profiles specified in this document.
Two classes of rail straightness are specified, differing in requirements for straightness, surface flatness and
crown profile. Two classes of profile tolerances are specified.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10163-1:2004, Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections
- Part 1: General requirements
CEN/TR 10261:2018, Iron and steel - European standards for the determination of chemical composition
EN ISO 6506-1:2014, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2014)
EN ISO 6892-1:2019, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-
1:2019)
EN ISO 14284:2022, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition (ISO 14284:2022)
EN ISO 80000-1:2022, Quantities and units - Part 1: General (ISO 80000-1:2022)
ISO 1099:2017, Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Axial force-controlled method
ISO 4968:2022, Steel - Macrographic examination by sulphur print (Baumann method)
ISO 12108:2018, Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Fatigue crack growth method
ASTM E399-22, Standard test method for linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
bloom
refers to a semi product produced from a continuous casting machine with either a square, rectangular or
circular section
3.2
heat
liquid steel melt tapped out of a converter or electric arc furnace which includes after continuous casting a
given number of blooms relating to the weight of the heat and the extension of the mixing zone
Note 1 to entry: In the case of sequence casting the blooms belonging to the mixing zone should be clearly defined.
3.3
sequence
any number of heats, of the same steel grade, which undergo continuous casting in tundishes
Note 1 to entry: Tundishes may be used in parallel.
3.4
heat treated rail
rail that has undergone accelerated cooling from austenitizing temperature during the metallurgical
transformation period
Note 1 to entry: The heat treatment can be carried out directly after rolling or following a separate reheating process
to achieve the austenitization temperature.
3.5
rolling process
process between the blooms leaving the heating furnace and exiting the finishing pass
3.6
isothermal treatment process
process whereby blooms are held for a period of time at an elevated temperature for reducing the hydrogen
content
Note 1 to entry: For maximum efficiency this is as near to (but below) the austenite to pearlite transformation
temperature as is practically possible.
Note 2 to entry: This process is sometimes referred to as sub critical diffusion annealing.
3.7
qualifying test
special test and criteria which are relevant to some aspects of the service performance of rails
Note 1 to entry: Acceptance tests also form part of the qualifying tests.
3.8
acceptance test
test carried out as part of the process and product control system, normally on a heat, sequence or tonnage
basis
3.9
rail running surface
curved surface of the rail head. Area between both gauge corners (transition points of the head inclination and
the first head radius)
3.10
units of measurement
for the purpose of determining conformance with the specification, numeric values are rounded according to
the rules stipulated in EN ISO 80000-1:2022

4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
The purchaser shall provide the supplier with the following information at the time of tender or order:
a) rail profile (see Annex A);
b) steel grade (see Clause 5);
c) profiles class, ‘X’ or ‘Y’ (see 9.2.1);
d) straightness class ‘A’ or ‘B’ of rail as specified in 9.2.2;
e) length(s) of rail (see Table 9);
f) undrilled or drilled rail ends to take fish bolts, and location and dimensions of holes when required (see
9.2.3);
g) any special treatment to be applied to bolt holes and corresponding special tolerances for bolt holes (see
9.2.3);
h) cold stamping on the cut face (see 7.4.3);
i) paint code requirements (see 7.4.4).
5 Steel grades
The applicable steel grades are given in Table 1. The hardness ranges of the steel grades shall conform to those
given in Table 1.
For the steel grades in Table 1, the steel names and steel numbers were allocated in accordance with
EN 10027-1 and EN 10027-2, respectively.
For inclusion of a new rail steel grade in this document, the supplier shall comply with the requirements of
Annex G “Minimum requirements for the introduction of a new rail steel grade in EN 13674-1”.
Table 1 — Steel grades
a
Steel grade Hardness range Description Branding lines
(HBW)
Steel name Steel
number
Non-alloy No branding lines
R200 1.0521 200 to 240 Non heat treated

Non-alloy
R220 1.0524 220 to 260 Non heat treated ————

Non-alloy ——
R260 1.0623 260 to 300 Non heat treated ————

Non-alloy Mn ————
R260Mn 1.0624 260 to 300 Non heat treated ————

Alloy (Cr, Si) ————
R320Cr 1.0915 320 to 360 Non heat treated ————
————
Alloy (V, Si) __________
Non heat treated __________
R335V 1.0639 335 - 375
_____
Non-alloy ——
b
R350HT 1.0631 350 to 390 Heat treated ———— ————

Non-alloy ——
b
R350LHT 1.0632 350 to 390 Heat treated ———— ————
——
Alloy Cr)) ——
R370CrHT 1.0992 370 to 410 Heat treated ———— ————
————
Non-alloy ————
R400HT 1.1254 400 to 440 Heat treated ———— ————

a
See Table 5 a) and Table 5 b) for chemical composition/mechanical properties.
b
See Table 6 for hardness requirements.
6 Profile drawings/properties/mass
Rail profiles, dimensions, properties and linear masses shall be in accordance with Annex A. The tolerances of
certain dimensions shall be as given in Table 7. All other quantities are informative only.
NOTE Linear masses have been calculated based on the density of steel of 7,85 kg/dm .

7 Manufacture
7.1 Product integrity
Rails shall be produced under a comprehensive system of factory production control which shall ensure
confidence in the conformity of the finished product. The system shall address this document to ensure that
the finished products consistently comply with requirements to achieve the product integrity necessary to
provide assurance of product safety in track.
Manufacturers shall demonstrate continuing compliance, including documented evidence, with the factory
production control system required.
NOTE Manufacturers having a factory production control system which complies with EN ISO 9001 are recognized
as satisfying the minimum requirements specified by this clause.
7.2 Blooms
Blooms made from basic oxygen steel or electric arc furnace steel that has been secondary ladle arc refined,
vacuum degassed and continuously cast, shall be used for the manufacture of rails.
7.3 Rails
7.3.1 The manufacturer shall operate a procedure for the effective removal of scale during the
manufacturing process.
7.3.2 The cross-sectional area of the rail shall not exceed one ninth that of the bloom from which the rail is
rolled.
7.3.3 Rail straightening shall be by a two stage roller straightening process which straightens the rail about
its XX and YY axes as defined in the rail profiles shown in Annex A. End deviations or a localised deviation on
the rail may be corrected using pressing.
NOTE Other mandatory processes are described in the relevant clauses within the document.
7.4 Identification
7.4.1 Branding
Brand marks shall be rolled in relief on one side and in the middle of the web (see Annex A) of each rail at least
once every 4 m. The brand marks on the rails shall be clearly legible and shall be 20 mm to 25 mm high, raised
between 0,6 mm and 1,3 mm.
The branding line(s) to denote grade shall be 50 mm in length for the long branding line and 25 mm in length
for the short branding line.
The brand marks shall include:
a) identification of the mill;
b) steel grade as shown in Table 1;
c) last two figures of the year of manufacture;
d) rail profile identification as shown in Annex A.
EXAMPLES
___
ROLLING MILL _______ 07 60 E1
(60 E1 profile rail rolled 2007, non-alloy rail steel grade R260).
___
ROLLING MILL _______ _______ 07 60 E1

(60 E1 profile rail rolled 2007, non-alloy heat treated rail steel grade R350HT).
NOTE The sequence of the branding marks is at the discretion of the manufacturer.
7.4.2 Hot stamping
In addition to the branding requirements of 7.4.1, each rail shall be identified by a numerical and/or
alphabetical code system, hot stamped on the non-branded side of the rail web by machine and each rail shall
be hot stamped at least once every 10 m.
The figures and letters used shall be clearly legible and shall be 16 mm high. The stamped characters shall
have a flat or radius face (1 mm to 1,5 mm wide) with bevels on each side. The letters and numbers shall be
on a 10° angle from vertical and shall have rounded corners. The stamping shall be between 0,4 mm and
1,5 mm in depth along the middle of the web as defined for the branding in annex A. The design shall be as
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Design of letters and numbers on a 10° angle for rail stamps
The identification system employed shall be such as to enable the hot stamped marking to be collated with
the:
a) number of the heat from which the rail has been rolled;
b) number of the strand and position of bloom within the strand;
c) position of the rail in the bloom (A, B . Y).
In the event of identification marks having been removed, omitted or requiring alteration, re-identification of
such marks shall be made by rotary burr or other method agreed by the customer.
NOTE 1 A rail can display different indications of position of the rail in the bloom (A,B…Y) along its length.
NOTE 2 Subsequent cutting could result in more than one rail length having the same identity.

7.4.3 Cold stamping
Cold stamping may only be used on the cut face of the rail within the central portion of the head. Cold stamping
at another position shall be agreed by the purchaser.
7.4.4 Other identification
The purchaser shall specify their requirements for any colour coding or special marking instructions and their
position on the rail at the time of enquiry or order.
8 Qualifying tests
8.1 Procedure
8.1.1 The manufacturer shall describe any bloom slow cooling or isothermal treatment process used to
demonstrate compliance with the requirements of 9.1.3.2.
8.1.2 All qualifying tests as specified in 8.2 to 8.8 shall be undertaken at least once every five years and as a
result of any significant production process change for all grades.
The manufacturer shall only carry out testing on the 60E1/60E2 profile or the heaviest section produced.
All rail grades and profiles supplied shall conform to the qualifying criteria in accordance with 8.2 to 8.8.
The results for the grades to be supplied shall be provided at the time of tendering.
In the event of a manufacturer not having produced the rail grade prior to the tender enquiry he shall have
the option of carrying out such tests on the first available sequence. When the qualifying criteria have been
complied with, compliance with the standard is demonstrated and consequently the manufacturer is qualified.
8.1.3 The samples in accordance with 8.1.4 and 8.1.5 shall be removed from finished roller straightened
rails. These samples shall not be subject to any further mechanical or thermal treatment (other than the
treatment of ageing of the tensile test pieces as described in 9.1.9.2).
8.1.4 Test pieces for fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue tests (see 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4
respectively) shall be taken from at least 3 sample rails taken at a minimum of 3 m from the cut ends of the
rail. Sample rails shall be from different heats.
8.1.5 For residual stress tests (see 8.5), there shall be 6 sample rails and the test pieces shall be taken at
least 3 m from each rail end. Sample rails shall be from at least 3 different heats.
8.1.6 All tests should be carried out by a laboratory that operates an approved and audited quality assurance
system conforming to requirements at least equivalent to EN ISO 9001.
8.1.7 The purchaser shall have access to all test records, calibrations and calculations that contribute to the
final results.
8.1.8 All test results shall be reported to the purchaser.
8.2 Fracture toughness (K )
Ic
8.2.1 Test pieces and test methods
Tests shall be performed in accordance with Annex B.
8.2.2 Qualifying criteria
The value of K shall comply with Table 2.
Ic
Table 2 — Minimum single and minimum mean values of K
Ic
Minimum single value Minimum mean value
Steel grade
1/2 1/2
K (MPa m ) K (MPa m )
Ic Ic
R200 and R220 30 35
R260 and R260Mn 26 29
R320Cr 24 26
R335V 26 29
R350HT 30 32
R350LHT, R370CrHT, R400HT 26 29
*
NOTE In some circumstances K values can be used for the purpose of qualification, see B.6.
Q
8.3 Fatigue crack growth rate
8.3.1 Test method
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the general requirements of ISO 12108:2018.
8.3.2 Test pieces
A three points bend, single edge notch test piece, of the dimensions and location within the rail shown in
Figure 2 shall be used.
8.3.3 Number of tests and test conditions
A minimum of 3 tests from each sample rail shall be performed under the following conditions:
— test temperature shall be within the range +15 °C to +25 °C;
— R = 0,5 (R = minimum cyclic load/maximum cyclic load);
— 3 points bend test piece loading span shall be 4 W (see Figure 2);
— cyclic loading frequency shall be within the range 15 Hz to 40 Hz;
— environment: laboratory air.
8.3.4 Qualifying criteria
Fatigue crack growth rates (m/Gc) shall not exceed the values given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Fatigue crack growth rates
½ ½
Steel grades
Δ K = 10 MPa m Δ K = 13,5 MPa m
All grades 17 m/Gc 55 m/Gc
8.4 Fatigue test
8.4.1 Test method
Constant amplitude fatigue tests shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 1099:2017 or ISO 12106.
In case of testing carried out according to ISO 1099:2017, a minimum of 50 initial fatigue cycles under strain
control shall be applied to define the load necessary to achieve the required strain.
8.4.2 Test pieces
The test pieces shall be machined from the sample rail as shown in Figure 3.
8.4.3 Number of tests and test conditions
A minimum of 3 test pieces shall be tested from each sample rail under the following conditions:
— test temperature shall be within the range + 15 °C to + 25 °C;
— control variable shall be axial strain amplitude of load;
— strain or load cycle shall be symmetrical about the initial, zero load.
R ratio to be used is -1.
8.4.4 Qualifying criteria
For an amplitude of total strain of 0,00135, the life of each specimen shall be greater than 5 × 10 cycles.
NOTE Life is defined as the number of cycles up to the complete separation of the specimen.
8.5 Residual stress in rail foot
8.5.1 Test method
The residual stresses in the rail foot shall be determined in accordance with Annex C.
8.5.2 Test pieces
Each of the 6 test pieces from the rail section shall be 1,00 -0/+0,10 m in length and shall be taken from rails
as described in 8.1.3 and 8.1.5.
NOTE Only a small part of the test piece will be destroyed for the purpose of measuring residual stress; the
remainder can be used for other qualifying approval tests.
8.5.3 Measurements
Longitudinal residual stress determinations shall be made on the rail foot of each of the 6 test pieces described
in 8.5.2. The location of the measurements is shown in Figure C.1.
If data are available for straightness class A rails then class B rails of the same profile need not be tested.
8.5.4 Qualifying criteria
The maximum longitudinal residual stress in the foot shall be +250 MPa (tensile stresses) for all steel grades.
8.6 Treated rails
This clause only applies to heat treated rails.
For the longest length of rail produced by the manufacturer, a one metre length of rail shall be taken from each
end and at 20 m intervals from one end of the rail. These shall be hardness tested (HBW) in accordance with
EN ISO 6506-1:2014 along their length at 25 mm intervals on the centreline of the running surface after 0,5
mm has been ground away. The hardness results shall be no more than ± 15 HBW from the mean result
obtained.
8.7 Segregation
Full section transverse test pieces shall be sulphur printed in accordance with ISO 4968:2022. For this
purpose, rail sulphur prints shall be taken from each strand from the beginning of every heat, excluding the
mixing zone, for three heats.
The samples shall be assessed and classified according to the limiting figures of Annex D. For the process to
be accepted, all samples shall be classified as acceptable.
8.8 Other qualifying requirements
In addition to the results of the tests described in 8.2 to 8.8 inclusive the manufacturer shall provide a complete
set of results for the acceptance tests described in 9.1. Samples for these tests shall be taken from the rails
used for the qualifying tests as described in 8.1.3.
9 Acceptance tests
9.1 Laboratory tests
9.1.1 General
Laboratory tests shall be performed, during production, at frequencies as stipulated in Table 4. Results for
each laboratory test shall comply with the limiting values shown in Table 5. Additional informatio
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