SIST EN IEC 63300:2024
(Main)Test methods for electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores
Test methods for electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores
This standard provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of application and matters needing attention for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor, effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability, frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This standard is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
Prüfverfahren für elektrische und magnetische Eigenschaften magnetischer Pulverkerne
Méthodes d'essai des propriétés électriques et magnétiques des noyaux en poudre magnétique
L'IEC 63300:2023 fournit les méthodes d'essai des propriétés électriques et magnétiques des noyaux en poudre magnétique utilisés pour les composants inductifs des équipements électroniques, des alimentations à découpage et des équipements de conversion de puissance. Il décrit les principes de mesure, le domaine d'application et les points d'importance pour chaque méthode.
Les paramètres utilisés pour caractériser les noyaux en poudre magnétique comprennent: le facteur d'inductance, la perméabilité effective, la perméabilité relative complexe, le coefficient de température de perméabilité, le coefficient de fréquence de perméabilité, la caractéristique de polarisation en courant continu, les pertes de puissance et le facteur de qualité. Le présent document sert de base pour la détermination des paramètres caractéristiques des noyaux en poudre magnétique.
Preskusne metode za električne in magnetne lastnosti jeder iz magnetnega prahu
Ta standard določa preskusne metode za električne in magnetne lastnosti jeder iz magnetnega prahu, ki se uporabljajo za induktivne komponente v elektronski opremi, stikalnih napajalnikih in pretvornikih energije, pri čemer za vsako metodo uvaja načela merjenja, področje uporabe in teme, ki jim je treba nameniti pozornost.
Parametri, ki se uporabljajo za opredelitev značilnosti jeder iz magnetnega prahu, vključujejo faktor induktance, efektivno prepustnost, kompleksno relativno prepustnost, temperaturni koeficient prepustnosti, frekvenčni koeficient prepustnosti, enosmerno prednapetost, izgubo moči in faktor kakovosti. Ta dokument je osnova za določanje značilnih parametrov jeder iz magnetnega prahu.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2024
Preskusne metode za električne in magnetne lastnosti jeder iz magnetnega prahu
Test methods for electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores
Prüfverfahren für elektrische und magnetische Eigenschaften magnetischer Pulverkerne
Méthodes d'essai des propriétés électriques et magnétiques des noyaux en poudre
magnétique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 63300:2023
ICS:
29.030 Magnetni materiali Magnetic materials
29.100.10 Magnetne komponente Magnetic components
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 63300
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2023
ICS 29.030; 29.100.10
English Version
Test methods for electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic
powder cores
(IEC 63300:2023)
Méthodes d'essai des propriétés électriques et Prüfverfahren für elektrische und magnetische
magnétiques des noyaux en poudre magnétique Eigenschaften magnetischer Pulverkerne
(IEC 63300:2023) (IEC 63300:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2023-08-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 63300:2023 E
European foreword
The text of document 51/1419/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 63300, prepared by IEC/TC 51 "Magnetic
components, ferrite and magnetic powder materials" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote
and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 63300:2023.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-05-01
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2026-08-01
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 63300:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 61007:2020 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61007:2020 (not modified)
IEC 62044 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 62044 (series)
IEC 62044-1 NOTE Approved as EN 62044-1
IEC 62044-2 NOTE Approved as EN 62044-2
IEC 62044-3 NOTE Approved as EN 62044-3
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 63182-2 - Magnetic powder cores - Guidelines on EN IEC 63182-2 -
dimensions and the limits of surface
irregularities - Part 2: Ring-cores
IEC 63300 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Test methods for electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores
Méthodes d'essai des propriétés électriques et magnétiques des noyaux en
poudre magnétique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.030, 29.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-7139-1
– 2 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
3.3 Symbols . 10
4 Instruments and equipment. 10
4.1 General provisions . 10
4.2 Excitation source . 10
4.2.1 General provisions . 10
4.2.2 Sinusoidal wave excitation source . 11
4.2.3 Square wave excitation source . 11
4.2.4 Calculation of magnetic flux density . 12
4.3 Measuring equipment . 12
4.3.1 General provisions . 12
4.3.2 Voltmeter . 12
4.3.3 Data acquisition unit . 13
4.4 Sensor . 13
4.4.1 Sampling resistor . 13
4.4.2 Current transformer . 13
4.5 Other descriptions . 14
4.5.1 Intermediate connector . 14
4.5.2 Thermostat . 14
5 Sample . 14
5.1 Magnetic core . 14
5.2 Winding . 14
5.2.1 Winding conditions . 14
5.2.2 Dual winding . 15
5.2.3 Single winding . 15
5.3 Mounting of sample . 16
5.4 Parameters of sample . 16
6 Measuring conditions . 16
6.1 Relation to practice . 16
6.2 Effective parameters . 17
6.3 Magnetic state of measurement . 17
7 Test methods for power loss . 17
7.1 Summary . 17
7.2 AC power method . 18
7.3 DC power method . 18
7.4 Calorimetric method . 18
8 Test methods for effective permeability. 18
8.1 Summary . 18
8.2 Large signal AC method . 19
8.3 Impedance method . 19
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
8.4 Pulse method . 19
9 Test method for effective complex permeability . 19
10 Test method for quality factor (Q) . 20
11 Verification of measurement accuracy . 20
Annex A (informative) AC power method . 21
A.1 Overview. 21
A.2 Basic circuit diagram . 21
A.3 Measuring device . 22
A.3.1 High frequency excitation source . 22
A.3.2 Exciting winding N and voltage sensing winding N . 22
1 2
A.3.3 Sensing resistor R . 22
A.3.4 Data collector . 22
A.4 Test steps . 22
A.5 Measuring principle . 22
A.6 Error analysis. 23
A.7 Matters to consider . 24
A.7.1 Measurement error . 24
A.7.2 Deduction of the winding loss . 24
A.8 Specific test methods . 24
A.8.1 B-H analyzer method . 24
A.8.2 Power analyzer method . 24
A.8.3 Capacitive reactive compensation method . 24
A.9 Measurement for quality factor (Q) . 26
Annex B (informative) DC power method. 27
B.1 Overview. 27
B.2 Basic circuit diagram . 27
B.3 Measuring device . 27
B.3.1 DC voltage source U . 27
i
B.3.2 DC/AC inverter . 27
B.3.3 Exciting winding N . 27
B.3.4 DC ammeter and DC voltmeter for measuring the average value . 28
B.4 Test steps . 28
B.5 Measuring principle . 28
B.6 Matters to consider . 29
B.6.1 Inverter loss. 29
B.6.2 Deduction of winding loss . 29
Annex C (informative) Calorimetric method . 30
C.1 Overview. 30
C.2 Basic circuit diagram . 30
C.3 Measuring device . 30
C.3.1 Excitation source . 30
C.3.2 Temperature sensor . 30
C.3.3 Thermal insulated container . 30
C.3.4 Thermal medium . 31
C.3.5 Sample . 31
C.4 Test steps . 31
C.5 Measuring principle . 31
C.6 Matters to consider . 32
– 4 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
C.7 Specific test methods . 32
C.7.1 Calibration calorimetric method . 32
C.7.2 Comparative calorimetric method . 33
Annex D (informative) Large signal AC method . 35
D.1 Overview. 35
D.2 Basic circuit diagram . 35
D.3 Measuring device . 36
D.3.1 High-frequency excitation source . 36
D.3.2 Exciting winding N and voltage sensing winding N . 36
1 2
D.3.3 Sampling resistor R . 36
D.3.4 Data collector . 36
D.4 Test steps . 36
D.5 Measuring principle . 37
D.6 Matters to consider . 37
Annex E (informative) Impedance method . 38
E.1 Overview. 38
E.2 Basic circuit diagram . 38
E.3 Measuring device . 38
E.3.1 Impedance analyzer or LCR meter . 38
E.3.2 Exciting winding N . 38
E.4 Test steps . 39
E.5 Measuring principle . 39
E.6 Matters to consider . 39
Annex F (informative) Pulse method . 40
F.1 Overview. 40
F.2 Basic circuit diagram . 40
F.3 Measuring device . 40
F.3.1 Sampling resistor R . 40
F.3.2 Switch S . 40
F.3.3 Exciting winding N . 41
F.3.4 Capacitor C . 41
F.4 Test steps . 41
F.5 Measuring principle . 41
F.6 Matters to consider . 42
Annex G (informative) Method of verification and criteria for judgment . 43
Annex H (informative) Imposing of DC bias on the core . 46
H.1 Overview. 46
H.2 Matters to consider . 48
Annex I (informative) References . 49
I.1 Overview. 49
I.2 Effect of rise time of square wave excitation on the core loss . 49
I.3 Phase error limit . 50
I.4 Derivation of Formula (8) . 51
I.5 SRF consideration of the sample . 52
Bibliography . 54
Figure 1 – Figure of square waveform . 12
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
Figure A.1 – Diagram of AC power method . 21
Figure A.2 – Circuit diagram of reactive power compensation of capacitor . 25
Figure A.3 – Phasor diagram of reactive power compensation of capacitor . 26
Figure B.1 – Diagram of DC meter method . 27
Figure C.1 – Diagram of the calorimetric method . 30
Figure C.2 – Diagram of the calibration calorimetric method . 33
Figure C.3 – Diagram of the comparative calorimetric method. 34
Figure D.1 – Diagram of large signal AC method. 35
Figure E.1 – Diagram of impedance method. 38
Figure F.1 – Diagram of pulse method . 40
Figure F.2 – Exciting voltage and current waveform on the exciting winding. 42
Figure G.1 – Diagram of air-core inductor . 44
Figure H.1 – Diagram of imposition of DC bias . 47
Figure I.1 – Square wave excitation source . 50
Figure I.2 – Diagram of the ratio error and phase error . 50
Figure I.3 – Equivalent circuit model of sample . 52
Table 1 – Comparisons of measuring methods for power loss . 17
Table I.1 – Example for k, α, β and other parameters . 50
Table I.2 – Example of core losses error with different t . 50
r
Table I.3 – Example of core losses measuring error and ratio error for the phase error . 51
Table I.4 – Example of ΔL at different frequencies . 53
– 6 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TEST METHODS FOR ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC POWDER CORES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch . IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63300 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 51: Magnetic components, ferrite
and magnetic powder materials. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
51/1419/CDV 51/1436/RVC
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
INTRODUCTION
Magnetic powder cores have the characteristics of low relative permeability, high saturated flux
density and low loss. Therefore, compared with ungapped ferrite, the equivalent impedance of
a sample of magnetic powder core is much smaller, and the magnetizing current is very large,
so the required excitation source will have both high frequency and high-power capacity, which
is difficult to obtain in practice. Moreover, the impedance angle of a magnetic powder core
under test is very close to 90°, and this results in great difficulties to obtain accurate
measurements of power loss.
The IEC 62044 series provides measuring methods of magnetic properties at low and high
excitation levels for magnetic cores made of magnetic oxides or metallic powders. However,
the methods introduced in the IEC 62044 series cannot fully meet the measurement
requirements for magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores. It is therefore useful to have a
standard for suitable measuring methods for the magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores.
New test methods with pulse wave excitation and DC power method that account for the
characteristics of magnetic power cores are introduced in this document, in addition to some
modifications for the traditional test methods. Also, an air core inductor with single winding or
dual windings is introduced in the document to verify or calibrate the accuracy of test methods
for magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores, because of the linear properties of an air
core inductor.
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
TEST METHODS FOR ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC POWDER CORES
1 Scope
This document provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic
powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power
supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of
application and matters of importance for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor,
effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability,
frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This
document is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 63182-2, Magnetic powder cores – Guidelines on dimensions and the limits of surface
irregularities – Part 2: Ring-cores
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviated terms
ARV average rectification value
EPR equivalent parallel resistance
ESR equivalent series resistance
FFT fast Fourier transform
MSE modified Steinmetz equation
PWM pulse width modulation
RMS root mean square
SCR silicon controlled rectifier
SRF self-resonant frequency
ZVS zero voltage switching
– 10 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
3.3 Symbols
All the formulae in this document use basic SI units. When multiples or sub-multiples are used,
the appropriate power of 10 shall be introduced.
f is the frequency, in hertz (Hz);
T is the cycle, in seconds (s);
S
B is the peak value of effective magnetic flux density, in teslas (T);
m
H is the peak value of effective magnetic field strength, in amperes per meter (A/m);
m
P is the power loss absorbed by the core, in watts (W);
c
P is the winding loss, in watts (W);
w
P is the power density absorbed by the core, in watts per cubic meter (W/m );
cv
A is the effective cross-sectional area of the core, in square meters (m );
e
l is the effective magnetic path length of the core, in meters (m);
e
V is the effective volume of the core, in cubic meters (m );
e
φ is the phase, in radians (rad);
∆φ is the phase shift absolute error, in radians (rad);
N is the number of turns of the voltage sensing winding;
∆T is the temperature rise, in degrees Celsius (°C);
N is the number of turns of the exciting winding;
-7
µ is the magnetic constant (the permeability of vacuum), approximately 4 × π × 10
H/m;
µ is the effective amplitude permeability;
ea
µ is the effective incremental permeability.
e∆
4 Instruments and equipment
4.1 General provisions
A suitable circuit (as specified in Annex A to Annex F and Annex H) and instruments shall be
chosen for measuring.
4.2 Excitation source
4.2.1 General provisions
The properties of magnetic powder cores provided by manufacturers are generally based on a
sinusoidal wave excitation source, because that is the most repeatable and easily replicated
measurement. Applications include many diverse non-sinusoidal conditions, and therefore
methods for testing with other waveshapes are necessary for specific cases. Sine wave basic
data is most useful as a common point of reference for characterizing materials, comparing
materials, correlating testing between labs, and setting clear specification limits. Excitation
sources in this document include sinusoidal wave and square wave sources. Note that the
waveform of a voltage source (setting the magnetic flux density) does not necessarily match
the waveform of the associated current (since the magnetic field strength follows in accordance
with the inductive properties of the device under test). Likewise, the waveform of a current
source (setting the magnetic field strength) does not necessarily match the waveform of the
associated voltage (from the induced flux density). The excitation source shall have low internal
impedance, with frequency and amplitude stable to within ±0,1 % during measurement.
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
4.2.2 Sinusoidal wave excitation source
When sinusoidal wave excitation is specified, the total harmonic content of the excitation source
shall be less than 1 %. When the excitation voltage is sinusoidal, the magnetic flux density is
calculated as in Formula (1).
2×U
1rms
B = (1)
m
2××πf× A × N
e 1
where
U is the root mean square (RMS) of the excitation voltage, in volts (V).
1rms
4.2.3 Square wave excitation source
When square wave (the pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform with 0,5 duty cycle) excitation
is specified，as shown in Figure 1 (the negative half wave is the same as the positive half wave
in shape), the overshoot U shall be less than 5 % of the peak pulse amplitude U , the droop
1O 1m
U shall be less than 2 % of the peak pulse amplitude U , and the pulse rise time t and pulse
1D 1m r
fall time t shall be less than 1 % of the cycle of the square wave.
f
NOTE Clause I.2 describes the rationale of “less than 1 %”.
When the excitation voltage is square, the magnetic flux density is calculated as in Formula (2).
U
1m
B =
(2)
m
4××f A × N
e 1
– 12 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
Key
U peak pulse amplitude is the maximum value of an extrapolated smooth curve through the top of the pulse,
1m
excluding any initial "spike" or "overshoot", the duration of which is less than 10 % of the pulse duration,
in volt (V) (see IEC 61007:2020, 3.3)
t pulse rise time
r
t pulse fall time
f
U
droop
1D
U overshoot
1O
Figure 1 – Figure of square waveform
4.2.4 Calculation of magnetic flux density
In general, the magnetic flux density with an arbitrary AC waveform exciting voltage can be
calculated as in Formula (3).
U
B =
(3)
m
4××f A × N
e1
where
U is the average rectification value (ARV) of the arbitrary AC waveform exciting voltage, in
volts (V).
4.3 Measuring equipment
4.3.1 General provisions
Voltage meter or voltage-measuring equipment shall be of high internal impedance. In order to
reduce measurement error, probes shall be of high input impedance. Additionally, the bandwidth
of the voltage meter or voltage-measuring equipment shall cover the frequency of harmonics
whose amplitude is 1 % of the amplitude of the fundamental wave.
4.3.2 Voltmeter
In order to measure the RMS, average value and peak value of the excitation voltage accurately,
a voltmeter with accuracy of 0,2 % is recommended.
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 13 –
4.3.3 Data acquisition unit
In order to measure the RMS, average value and peak value of the excitation voltage accurately,
the sampling rate of the data acquisition unit shall be not less than 256 points per cycle, and
the resolution shall be not less than 12 bits.
4.4 Sensor
4.4.1 Sampling resistor
The error of the resistance of the sampling resistor shall be less than 0,1 % (including the
temperature drift of resistance). The parasitic inductance of the sampling resistor shall meet
both Formula (4) and Formula (5).
R
L≤ 2× δ
(4)
a
2××πf
R× tan(δ )
φ
L≤
(5)
2××πf
where
L is the parasitic inductance of the sampling resistor, in henrys (H);
R is the resistance of the sampling resistor, in ohms (Ω);
δ is the allowable relative error of the voltage drop across the sampling resistor at the test
a
frequency (no unit);
δ is the phase difference of voltage and current on the sampling resistor at the test
φ
frequency, in radians (rad).
EXAMPLE
-4
For δ = 0,1 %, δ = 4,363 × 10 rad = 0,025°, R = 1 Ω, f = 500 kHz, then:
a φ
L≤ 2×=0,001 14,2 nH
(6)
2××π 500×10
1× tan(0,025 )
L≤=0,139 nH (7)
2××π 500×10
So the parasitic inductance of the sampling resistor at 500 kHz meets L≤ 0,139 nH.
4.4.2 Current transformer
The amplitude error (ratio error) of a current transformer shall be less than 5 %. The phase shift
(phase error) shall be less than 0,000 436 rad or 0,025°.
NOTE Clause I.3 describes the rationale of “less than 5 %”.
– 14 – IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023
4.5 Other descriptions
4.5.1 Intermediate connector
The parasitic resistance, inductance and capacitance produced by the connectors in the
measuring circuit shall have minimal amplitude and phase errors within the measurement
frequency range.
All connections in the circuit shall be as short as possible, and phase error between the testing
channels shall meet the condition of Formula (8) within the measurement frequency range.
If the excitation is non-sinusoidal, the phase error of each harmonic shall be considered.
δ
p
Δφ=± (8)
Q
where
δ is the power loss relative error which is related to the phase shift ∆φ;
p
fB×× H
mm
Q= is the quality factor of the sample.
2× P
cv
NOTE Clause I.4 describes the rationale of Formula (8).
EXAMPLE
For δ = ±1 %, Q = 5, then:
p
0,01
∆=φ ± =±0,002 rad (9)
4.5.2 Thermostat
In order to measure the magnetic properties at a certain temperature, a thermal chamber shall
be provided and equipped with a thermal controller with less than ±2 °C temperature error.
5 Sample
5.1 Magnetic core
The core used for the measurement shall form a closed magnetic circuit. For evaluating the
material characteristics, a ring magnetic powder core with an outer/inner diameter ratio of less
than 2 shall be adopted. It is recommended to adopt the size of the ring magnetic powder core
without chamfer or coating (outer diameter × inner diameter × height): 26,9 mm × 14,7 mm ×
11,2 mm.
5.2 Winding
5.2.1 Winding conditions
The winding shall be wound with wires of minimal loss, and it shall be one layer that is as close
as possible to the core. In the case of a ring-core, turns shall be distributed evenly around the
core circumference. In the case of a non-ring-core, the magnetic flux shall be distributed evenly
in the core. The connector attached to the exciting winding shall be insulated and the insulation
shall not have been damaged.
IEC 63300:2023 © IEC 2023 – 15 –
The self resonant frequency of the sample shall be at least 10 times higher than the
measurement frequency so that the parasitic capacitance of the winding has little effect on test
results.
NOTE Clause I.5 provides further information.
5.2.2 Dual winding
Dual or parallel bifilar winding is preferred for core losses measureme
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...