Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 1: General rules (ISO 22282-1:2012)

This part of ISO 22282 establishes the general rules and principles for geohydraulic testing in soil and rock as part of the geotechnical investigation services in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. It defines concepts and specifies requirements relating to permeability measurement in soil and rock. The different purposes of geohydraulic testing are to obtain information on the permeability of soil or rock in natural or treated states, transmissivity and storage coefficient, and hydrodynamic parameters of aquifers. Geohydraulic testing is used for many purposes, such as: a) absorption capacity and effectiveness of grouting in rock mass; b) assessment of seepage and drainage; c) assessment of groundwater lowering work; d) effects of cut-offs for dams; e) effects of tunnels and shaft sinking; f) checking fill or cover tightness; g) assessment of the flow of fluids and suspensions in the ground; h) planning for remedial measures.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln (ISO 22282-1:2012)

Dieser Teil von ISO 22282 behandelt die allgemeinen Regeln und Grundsätze für geohydraulische Versuche in Locker- und Festgesteinen als Teil der geotechnischen Erkundung nach EN 1997 1 und EN 1997 2. Er definiert Begriffe und legt Anforderungen an die Ermittlung der Durchlässigkeit von Locker- und Festgesteinen fest.
Die verschiedenen Zwecke von geohydraulischen Versuchen bestehen darin, Informationen zur Durchlässigkeit von Locker- und Festgesteinen im natürlichen oder behandelten Zustand, zur Transmissivität und zum Speicherkoeffizienten sowie zu den hydrodynamischen Parametern von Grundwasserleitern zu gewinnen.
Geohydraulische Versuche werden zu vielen Zwecken eingesetzt, beispielsweise den folgenden:
a)   Absorptionsvermögen und Wirksamkeit der Verpressung im Untergrund;
b)   Beurteilung der Versickerung und der Entwässerung;
c)   Beurteilung der Grundwasserabsenkung;
d)   Auswirkungen der Dichtungen für Talsperren;
e)   Auswirkungen von Tunnel  und Schachtabsenkungen;
f)   Überprüfung der Dichtigkeit von Verfüllungen oder Abdeckungen;
g)   Beurteilung des Durchflusses von Fluiden und Suspensionen im Baugrund;
h)   Planung von Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen.
ANMERKUNG 1   Geohydraulische Versuche für die Wasserversorgung werden durch ISO 14686 abgedeckt.
ANMERKUNG 2   Für die meisten Arten des Baugrunds ergeben Feldversuche zur Durchlässigkeit zuverlässigere Daten als im Laboratorium durchgeführte Versuche, da ein größeres Materialvolumen untersucht wird und da der Baugrund vor Ort geprüft wird, so dass die Auswirkungen der Konstruktion auf die Masse des Baugrunds mit einbezogen werden, die mit der Probenahme verbundenen Störungen jedoch vermieden werden.
Dieser Teil von ISO 22282 behandelt die Durchführung von Versuchen mit Grundwasser; andere Fluide und Suspensionen werden nicht explizit betrachtet. Der Durchfluss anderer Fluide und Suspensionen kann durch Ansetzen der verschiedenen Viskositäten und Zusammenhänge zwischen Transmissivität, Durchlässigkeitsbeiwert und intrinsischer Durchlässigkeit berücksichtigt werden.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais géohydrauliques - Partie 1: Règles générales (ISO 22282-1:2012)

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Hidrogeološke preiskave - 1. del: Splošna pravila (ISO 22282-1:2012)

Ta del standarda ISO 22282 vzpostavlja splošna pravila in načela za geohidravlično preizkušanje v prsti in kamninah kot del storitev na področju geotehničnega raziskovanja v skladu s standardoma EN 1997-1 in EN 1997-2. Opredeljuje koncepte in določa zahteve v zvezi z merjenjem propustnosti v prsti in kamninah. Različni nameni geohidravličnega preizkušanja so: pridobitev informacij glede propustnosti prsti ali kamnin v naravnih ali obdelanih stanjih, koeficient transmisivnosti in skladiščenja ter hidrodinamični parametri vodonosnikov. Geohidravlično preizkušanje se uporablja za več namenov: a) zmožnost absorpcije in učinkovitost injeciranja v kamninsko maso; b) ocena pronicanja in drenaže; c) ocena nižanja podtalnice; d) učinki prekinitev za jezove; e) učinki predorov in potapljanja rovov; f) preverjanje tesnjenja polnila ali zaščite; g) ocena toka tekočin in suspenzij v tleh; h) načrtovanje za sanacijske ukrepe.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
30-Mar-2012
Publication Date
18-Nov-2012
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
19-Jun-2012
Due Date
24-Aug-2012
Completion Date
19-Nov-2012

Buy Standard

Standard
EN ISO 22282-1:2012
English language
34 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
01-december-2012
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH+LGURJHRORãNHSUHLVNDYHGHO
6SORãQDSUDYLOD ,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 1: General rules (ISO
22282-1:2012)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Regeln (ISO 22282-1:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais géohydrauliques - Partie 1: Règles
générales (ISO 22282-1:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22282-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2012
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing -
Part 1: General rules (ISO 22282-1:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
géohydrauliques - Partie 1: Règles générales (ISO 22282- Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln
1:2012) (ISO 22282-1:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22282-1:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
EN ISO 22282-1:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
EN ISO 22282-1:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 22282-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22282-1
First edition
2012-06-01
Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Geohydraulic testing —
Part 1:
General rules
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais géohydrauliques —
Partie 1: Règles générales
Reference number
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 4
4 Equipment . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Test section support system . 5
4.3 Measuring tube . 5
4.4 Isolation of the test section . 5
4.5 Measuring and recording devices . 5
4.6 Additional equipment . 6
4.7 Calibration . 6
5 Planning of geohydraulic investigation and testing . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Selection of testing locations . 7
5.3 Selection of test procedure . 7
6 Preparation of the test section and installation of equipment .14
6.1 Requirements for drilling and the test sections .14
6.2 Installation of filter .15
6.3 Checking installation .15
6.4 Safety requirements .15
6.5 Decommissioning .15
6.6 Factors influencing the test results .16
Annex A (informative) Examples of possible test section isolation and support methods .18
Annex B (informative) Examples of shape factors .24
Bibliography .26
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22282-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22282 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Geohydraulic testing:
— Part 1: General rules
— Part 2: Water permeability tests in a borehole using open systems
— Part 3: Water pressure tests in rock
— Part 4: Pumping tests
— Part 5: Infiltrometer tests
— Part 6: Water permeability tests in a borehole using closed systems
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
Introduction
The EU water directive requires the member states to increase activities that protect groundwater and fresh
[11]
surface water both quantitatively and qualitatively . At the same time, society requires more water and thus
more construction projects below groundwater level in even deeper waters. In addition, the sea level may rise
as a result of climate change. This contradiction requires engineers working on construction projects below
groundwater level to make more reliable predictions on the effects of such structures on the groundwater
conditions. This can partly be achieved by better assessment of the permeability of the ground by in situ tests
as required in EN 1997-1:2004, 3.3.9.1. EN 1997-2:2007 contains the following stipulations, requirements and
recommendations:
“2.1.4 Groundwater –
(1) Groundwater investigations shall provide all relevant information on groundwater needed for geotechnical
design and construction.
(2) Groundwater investigations should provide, when appropriate, information on:
— the depth, thickness, extent and permeability of water-bearing strata in the ground, and joint systems in rock;
— the elevation of the groundwater surface or piezometric surface of aquifers and their variation over time
and actual groundwater levels including possible extreme levels and their periods of recurrence;
— the pore water pressure distribution;
— the chemical composition and temperature of groundwater.
(3) The information obtained should be sufficient to assess the following aspects, where relevant:
— the scope for and nature of groundwater lowering work;
— possible harmful effects of the groundwater on excavations or on slopes (e.g. risk of hydraulic failure,
excessive seepage pressure or erosion);
— any measures necessary to protect the structure (e.g. water proofing, drainage and measures against
aggressive water);
— effects of groundwater lowering, desiccation, impounding, etc. on the surroundings;
— the capacity of the ground to absorb water injected during construction work;
— whether it is possible to use local groundwater, given its chemical constitution, for construction purposes.”
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing —
Part 1:
General rules
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22282 establishes the general rules and principles for geohydraulic testing in soil and rock
as part of the geotechnical investigation services in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. It defines
concepts and specifies requirements relating to permeability measurement in soil and rock.
The different purposes of geohydraulic testing are to obtain information on the permeability of soil or rock in
natural or treated states, transmissivity and storage coefficient, and hydrodynamic parameters of aquifers.
Geohydraulic testing is used for many purposes, such as:
a) absorption capacity and effectiveness of grouting in rock mass;
b) assessment of seepage and drainage;
c) assessment of groundwater lowering work;
d) effects of cut-offs for dams;
e) effects of tunnels and shaft sinking;
f) checking fill or cover tightness;
g) assessment of the flow of fluids and suspensions in the ground;
h) planning for remedial measures.
NOTE 1 Geohydraulic testing for water supply is covered by ISO 14686.
NOTE 2 For most types of ground, field permeability tests yield more reliable data than those carried out in the
laboratory, because a larger volume of material is tested, and because the ground is tested in situ, thereby including
effects resulting from the structure of the ground mass but avoiding the disturbance associated with sampling.
This part of ISO 22282 deals with the execution of tests with groundwater and does not explicitly consider other
fluids and suspensions. The flow of other fluids and suspensions can be considered by applying the different
viscosities and relations between transmissivity, permeability coefficient and intrinsic permeability.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of rock — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 22282-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 2: Water permeability
tests in a borehole using open systems
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
ISO 22282-3, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 3: Water pressure tests in rock
ISO 22282-4, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 4: Pumping tests
ISO 22282-5, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 5: Infiltrometer tests
ISO 22282-6, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 6: Water permeability
tests in a borehole using closed systems
ISO 22475-1:2006, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods and groundwater
measurements — Part 1: Technical principles for execution
EN 1990, Eurocode: Basis of structural design
EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules
EN 1997-2:2007, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN 1997-1, EN 1997-2, and
ISO 22475-1 and the following apply.
3.1.1
flow rate
volume of water added or discharged from the test section per time unit
3.1.2
hydraulic head
sum of position head (elevation) and pressure head
3.1.3
test section
section in a borehole where the test is carried out
3.1.4
skin effect
effect of the wall of the test section on the test
3.1.5
permeability coefficient
flow rate divided by area
3.1.6
transmissivity
product of permeability coefficient and thickness of saturated aquifer
3.1.7
storage coefficient
volume of water stored or released from a column of aquifer with unit cross-section under unit hydraulic head variation
3.1.8
steady state
state when hydraulic head and the flow rate are constant with time
3.1.9
transient state
state prior to the steady state when the flow rate or hydraulic head is not constant with time
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
3.1.10
saturated condition
condition of the tested ground with all voids filled with water
3.1.11
unsaturated condition
condition of the tested ground with voids partially filled with water and partially filled with air or another gas
3.1.12
rising head test
test where the pressure or head in the test section is initially decreased and the rising is recorded
3.1.13
falling head test
test where the pressure or head in the test section is initially increased and the falling is recorded
3.1.14
variable head test
rising or falling head test
3.1.15
constant head test
test where the pressure or head in the test section is kept constant and the change in inflow or outflow is recorded
3.1.16
constant rate test
test where the flow rate in the test section is kept constant and change in pressure or head is recorded
3.1.17
mud cake
solids deposited on the filter pack or the borehole wall
3.1.18
clogging
decrease of flow rate by blocking of flow paths due to sedimentation
3.1.19
washing
increase of flow rate by widening or opening of flow paths due to erosion
3.1.20
shape factor
model factor used for the interpretation of the test results
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Designation Unit
2
A area of the inner cross-section of the casing m
c
2
A area of the inner cross-section of the measuring tube m
m
2
A area of the water surface in the reservoir m
r
D
borehole diameter, diameter of the test section m
d
thickness of aquifer m
F
shape factor m
h hydraulic head m
h distance of the water surface from ground level m
o
h ,h , h applied hydraulic heads m
1 2 3
Δh change in hydraulic head m
−1
k permeability coefficient m s
2
K intrinsic permeability m
L length (height) of the test section m
p pressure kPa
3 −1
Q flow rate m s
3 −1
Q , Q , Q flow rate at test 1, 2 and 3 m s
1 2 3
S storage coefficient 1
2 −1
T transmissivity m s
t
time s
t time needed to reach the equilibrium s
i
t time at start of test s
o
3
V
volume m
η
dynamic viscosity of the fluid Pa s
−3
γ
density kgm
4 Equipment
4.1 General
According to the different test methods, the apparatus can comprise the following elements:
— test section support system;
— measuring tube;
— isolation of the test section;
— measuring and recording devices;
— additional equipment.
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
4.2 Test section support system
A system for supporting the test section shall be used for tests conducted in soil or rock which do not maintain
the geometry of the test section throughout the test.
A filter or a gravel pack may be used to support the test section. The filter pack shall be stable against the
surrounding ground and the sealing.
The filter material shall be a granular material selected to avoid plugging and/or erosion of the soil particles
from or into the surrounding ground. The permeability of the filter material shall be considerably higher than the
expected value of the permeability of the ground and shall not affect the test results.
A chemical effect between the filter material and the water shall be avoided.
4.3 Measuring tube
A measuring tube of known cross-section should be used to connect the test section to the ground surface.
The tube shall not be deformed due to the applied hydraulic head. The measurement tube elements shall be
chosen to give a minimum number of joints to minimize leakage. Their diameter shall be adapted to the rate of
water level variation.
A valve may be provided on this measuring tube to allow isolation of the test section or establish contact with
the atmosphere. The closing or opening of this valve shall not induce a change in volume which can lead to a
change of the water pressure. Such changes can influence the quality of the test.
4.4 Isolation of the test section
The test section can be isolated either by:
— the casing;
— a sealing plug;
— single packer;
— double or multiple packers.
NOTE See Annex A.
A packer is a high pressure expanding element which is inflated, for example by compressed air and tightly
pressed against the borehole wall to provide a seal. The sealed length shall depend on the evenness of the
borehole wall and the soil and rock type to avoid leakage around the packer. The length of a packer shall be at
least five times the borehole diameter when inflated to a minimum of 0,5 m. The effective pressure of the packer
on the borehole wall shall be at least 30 % higher than the maximum test pressure.
Single packers only seal at the top of a test section, while double or multiple packers can also seal at the bottom.
Special attention shall be paid to the detection of leakage of the packers, especially to potential leakage of the
lower packer inflation line in the test section.
The packer shall be strong enough to resist the inflating pressure with no creep and homogeneous enough to
avoid any perforation of the membrane.
4.5 Measuring and recording devices
4.5.1 Measuring devices for water level
The changes in water levels can be measured:
— by using a mechanical measuring tape with sounding device or an electrical measuring tape (water level meter);
— by using a float system;
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
— by using a pressure transducer system.
NOTE Rapid changes in depth are measured with greater accuracy with pressure sensing devices since they are able
to detect the changes more rapidly than a float. Floats lose most of their accuracy from cable friction along the well walls.
4.5.2 Measuring devices for flow rate
The changes in flow rate shall be measured:
— by using a flow meter;
— by using a calibrated container.
4.5.3 Recording devices
The recording shall be carried out:
— manually;
— analogly;
— digitally.
4.6 Additional equipment
Depending on the kind of test and the possible impact of local conditions, additional equipment shall be used
in order to be able to make corrections for variations in water temperature and atmospheric pressure.
4.7 Calibration
The instruments and devices used for geohydraulic testing shall be regularly calibrated according to
manufacturers’ manuals and relevant standards. Before starting the test, it shall be checked that the instruments
and devices to be used have been calibrated. The calibration shall be recorded and documented and the
results added to the test report as in ISO 22475-1:2006, 10.1.
5 Planning of geohydraulic investigation and testing
5.1 General
Geohydraulic investigations shall be planned in such a way as to ensure that relevant geological and
hydrogeological information and data are available at the various stages of the project. This information shall
be adequate to manage identified and anticipated project risks. For intermediate and final project stages,
information and data shall be provided to cover risks of accidents, delays, damages and pollution.
The aims of geohydraulic investigations are to establish the groundwater conditions, to determine the hydraulic
properties of the ground, and to gather additional relevant knowledge about the site.
Before starting a geohydraulic investigation the geology and hydrogeology of the area to be investigated shall
be characterized as preliminary information, such as:
— identification of soil and rock according to ISO 14688-1 and ISO 14689-1;
— identification of the aquifers and aquifer types (e.g. confined or unconfined);
— estimated permeability;
— the groundwater level(s).
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 22282-1:2012
ISO 22282-1:2012(E)
Geohydraulic investigations should consider any activity which may influence the test or may be affected by
the test, such as:
a) existing constructions, e.g. buildings, bridges, tunnels;
b) water lowering or de-watering;
c) discharge of potable water.
The geohydraulic investigation programme should be reviewed as the results become available so that the
initial assumptions can be checked.
The geohydraulic investigation programme shall contain:
— a plan with the locations of testing and the types of the tests;
— the depth and length of the test sections;
— specifications on the test procedures and measurements;
— the types of equipment to be used;
— the standards to be applied.
5.2 Selection of testing locations
The locations of testing and the depths of the test sections shall be selected on the basis of the preliminary
information as a function of the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the dimensions of the structure and
the engineering problems involved.
The test section shall be representative for the hydraulic head and the homogeneity of the ground.
When selecting the testing locations, the following should be observed:
— the testing and measuring points should be arranged in such a pattern that the geohydraulic conditions
can be assessed over the investigation area;
— the area considered in the design investigations should extend into the neighbouring area to a distance
where no harmful influence on the neighbouring area is expected;
— for testing and measuring points, the possibility of using the test equipment installed (during the ground
investigation) for continued monitoring should be considered.
The depth and length of test sections shall be extended to all strata that will affect the project or are affected by it.
5.3 Selection of test procedure
5.3.1 General
The test procedure shall be selected based on:
— ground conditions (e.g. expected permeability of the different layers);
— topographic and geomorphologic conditions;
— type of equipment.
Table 2 indicates relevant test procedures for different ground conditions and expected permeability and radius
of influence.
Figure 1 indicates relevant test procedures and expected time of duration as a function of the expected ground
permeability.
© ISO 2012 – Al
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.