SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 10: Testing of piles: rapid load testing (ISO 22477-10:2016)

This standard establishes the specifications for the execution of rapid pile load tests in which a single pile is subject to an axial load in compression of intermediate duration to measure its load-displacement behaviour under rapid loading and an assessment of its static behaviour. The provisions of this standard apply to piles loaded axially in compression. This standard provides specifications for:
1) Investigation tests, whereby a sacrificial pile is loaded up to ultimate limit state;
2) Control tests, whereby the pile is loaded up to a specified load in excess of the serviceability limit state.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 10: Pfahlprüfungen: Schnellprüfung mit axialer Druckbelastung (ISO 22477-10:2016)

Dieser Teil von ISO 22477 bestimmt die Spezifikationen für die Ausführung von schnellen Pfahlprobebelastungen, in denen ein einziger Pfahl einer komprimierten Axialbelastung unterliegt, um sein Lastverlagerungsverhalten bei schnellen Belastungen zu messen und um eine Bewertung seiner gemessenen Druckfestigkeit (Rc, m) sowie dem entsprechenden Lastverlagerungsverhalten zu ermöglichen.
Die Bestimmungen dieser internationalen Norm gelten für axial belastete, druckbeanspruchte Pfähle.
Sämtliche in EN 1536, EN 12699 und EN 14199 genannte Pfahlarten werden von diesem Teil von ISO 22477 abgedeckt.
Die in diesem Teil von ISO 22477 berücksichtigten Prüfungen sind ausschließlich auf Schnellprüfungen mit axialer Druckbelastung beschränkt.
ANMERKUNG 1   ISO 22477-10 kann in Verbindung mit EN 1997-1 verwendet werden. Numerische Werte von Teilfaktoren für Grenzzustände aus Pfahlprobebelastungen, die beim Design berücksichtigt werden müssen, werden in EN 1997-1 zur Verfügung gestellt. Für ein Design nach EN 1997-1 werden die Ergebnisse der schnellen Pfahlprobebelastung als äquivalent zur gemessenen Druckfestigkeit Rc,m angesehen, nachdem diese einer angemessenen Analyse unterzogen wurden.
ANMERKUNG 2   Eine Hilfestellung zur Analyse der Ergebnisse der schnellen Probebelastung zur Bestimmung der gemessenen Druckfestigkeit und des entsprechenden Lastverlagerungsverhalten findet sich in Anhang A.
Dieser Teil ISO 22477 bietet Spezifikationen für:
a)   Untersuchungsprüfungen, wobei ein Probepfahl zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit bis zum Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit belastet wird.
b)   Kontrollprüfungen, wobei der Pfahl mit einer spezifischen Last oberhalb des Grenzzustands der Gebrauchstauglichkeit belastet wird.
ANMERKUNG 3   Allgemein konzentriert sich eine Untersuchungsprüfung auf das allgemeine Wissen über einen Pfahltypen; eine Kontrollprüfung konzentriert sich auf eine spezifische Anwendung eines Pfahls.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de structures géotechniques - Partie 10: Essai des pieux: essai de charge rapide (ISO 22477-10:2016)

La présente partie de l'ISO 22477 établit les spécifications pour l'exécution d'essais des pieux sous charge rapide, où un pieu unique est soumis à une charge axiale en compression afin de mesurer son comportement de déplacement en charge lors d'un chargement rapide et d'évaluer sa résistance à la compression mesurée (Rc,m) ainsi que son comportement de déplacement en charge correspondant.
Cette partie de l'ISO 22477 s'applique aux pieux sous chargement axial en compression.
Tous les types de pieux mentionnés dans les normes EN 1536, EN 12699 et EN 14199 sont couverts par cette partie de l'ISO 22477.
Les essais mentionnés dans cette partie de l'ISO 22477 sont limités aux essais de pieux sous charge rapide uniquement.
NOTE 1    Cette partie de l'ISO 22477 peut être utilisée conjointement à l'EN 1997?1. Les valeurs numériques des facteurs partiels des états limites, obtenues à partir des essais de charge des pieux et devant être prises en compte dans la conception, sont données dans l'EN 1997?1. Dans le cas d'une conception selon l'EN 1997?1, les résultats des essais des pieux sous charge rapide seront considérés comme équivalents à la résistance à la compression mesurée, Rc,m, après l'analyse appropriée.
NOTE 2    L'Annexe A fournit des indications sur l'analyse des résultats des essais des pieux sous charge rapide réalisés en vue de déterminer la résistance à la compression mesurée et le comportement de déplacement en charge correspondant.
Cette partie de l'ISO 22477 présente des spécifications pour les éléments suivants:
a)    essais préalables, au cours desquels un pieu d'essai sacrificiel est chargé jusqu'à l'état limite ultime;
b)    essais de contrôle, au cours desquels le pieu est chargé jusqu'à une charge spécifiée au-delà de l'état limite de service.
NOTE 3    En général, un essai préalable se focalise sur la connaissance générale d'un type de pieu; un essai de contrôle se focalise sur une application particulière d'un pieu.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje geotehničnih konstrukcij - 10. del: Preskušanje pilotov: hitri obremenilni preskus (ISO 22477-10:2016)

Ta standard vzpostavlja specifikacije za izvajanje hitrih obremenilnih preskusov pilotov, pri čemer je posamezen pilot izpostavljen srednje dolgi tlačni osni obremenitvi, da se izmerijo njegove lastnosti premika pri hitrih obremenitvah in ocenijo njegove statične lastnosti. Določbe iz tega standarda se uporabljajo za pilote, ki so tlačno osno obremenjeni. Ta standard podaja specifikacije za: 1) preiskovalne preskuse, pri čemer je preskušani pilot obremenjen do končnega mejnega stanja; 2) kontrolne preskuse, pri čemer je pilot obremenjen do določenega bremena, ki presega mejno stanje uporabnosti.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-May-2014
• Publication Date: 28-Nov-2016
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON.007 - Geotechnics
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 24-Oct-2016
• Due Date: 29-Dec-2016
• Completion Date: 29-Nov-2016
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22477-10:2016 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 10: Testing of piles: rapid load testing (ISO 22477-10:2016)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017
01-januar-2017
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHJHRWHKQLþQLKNRQVWUXNFLM
GHO3UHVNXãDQMHSLORWRYKLWULREUHPHQLOQLSUHVNXV,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 10:
Testing of piles: rapid load testing (ISO 22477-10:2016)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken
und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 10: Pfahlprüfungen: Schnellprüfung mit axialer Druckbelastung
(ISO 22477-10:2016)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de structures géotechniques - Partie
10: Essai des pieux: essai de charge rapide (ISO 22477-10:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22477-10:2016
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017

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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017


EN ISO 22477-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

October 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.020
English Version

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of
geotechnical structures - Part 10: Testing of piles: rapid
load testing (ISO 22477-10:2016)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung
structures géotechniques - Partie 10: Essai des pieux: von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen -
essai de charge rapide (ISO 22477-10:2016) Teil 10: Pfahlprüfungen: Schnellprüfung mit axialer
Druckbelastung (ISO 22477-10:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 August 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22477-10:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017
EN ISO 22477-10:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2

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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017
EN ISO 22477-10:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22477-10:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22477-10:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22477-10:2016 without any
modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22477-10
First edition
2016-09-15
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Testing of geotechnical
structures —
Part 10:
Testing of piles: rapid load testing
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de structures
géotechniques —
Partie 10: Essai des pieux: essai de charge rapide
Reference number
ISO 22477-10:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO 22477-10:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 3
4 Testing equipment . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Loading . 4
4.3 Measurements . 5
5 Test procedure . 7
5.1 Preparation for testing . 7
5.2 Safety and integrity requirements . 8
5.2.1 People and equipment in the surrounding area . 8
5.2.2 Test pile . 8
5.3 Preparation of the pile . 8
5.4 General preparation for testing . 9
5.5 Working pile integrity after testing . 9
6 Test results . 9
7 Test reporting .10
Annex A (informative) Analysis of rapid load test results .12
Bibliography .23
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
ISO 22477-10 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration
with ISO Technical Committee TC 182, Geotechnics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22477 series, published under the general title Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Testing of geotechnical structures, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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Introduction
This part of ISO 22477 outlines how a rapid load pile test is defined and specifies the equipment and
testing procedures required. Informative, non-prescriptive guidance is included on the analysis of rapid
load pile test results required to determine mobilised or ultimate compressive resistance of a pile.
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SIST EN ISO 22477-10:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22477-10:2016(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of
geotechnical structures —
Part 10:
Testing of piles: rapid load testing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22477 establishes the specifications for the execution of rapid load pile tests in which
a single pile is subject to an axial load in compression to measure its load-displacement behaviour
under rapid loading and to allow an assessment of its measured compressive resistance (R ) and
c,m
corresponding load-displacement behaviour.
This part of ISO 22477 is applicable to piles loaded axially in compression.
All pile types mentioned in EN 1536, EN 12699 and EN 14199 are covered by this part of ISO 22477.
The tests in this part of ISO 22477 are limited to rapid load pile tests only.
NOTE 1 This part of ISO 22477 can be used in conjunction with EN 1997–1. Numerical values of partial factors
for limit states from pile load tests to be taken into account in design are provided in EN 1997–1. For design to
EN 1997–1, the results from rapid load pile testing will be considered equivalent to the measured compressive
resistance, R , after being subject to appropriate analysis.
c,m
NOTE 2 Guidance on analysis of the rapid load testing results to determine measured compressive resistance
and corresponding load-displacement behaviour is given in Annex A.
This part of ISO 22477 provides specifications for the following:
a) investigation tests, whereby a sacrificial test pile is loaded up to ultimate limit state;
b) control tests, whereby the pile is loaded up to a specified load in excess of the serviceability
limit state.
NOTE 3 Generally, an investigation test focuses on general knowledge of a pile type; a control test focuses on
one specific application of a pile.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
There are no normative references in this document.
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1997-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
trial pile
pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or a specific part of the works for
the purpose of investigating the suitability of the chosen type of pile and for confirming its design,
dimensions and bearing resistance
Note 1 to entry: The trial pile might be sacrificed to achieve ultimate limit state.
3.1.2
working pile
pile that will form part of the foundation of the structure
3.1.3
test pile
pile to which loads are applied to determine the resistance deformation characteristics of the pile and
the surrounding ground
Note 1 to entry: A test pile can be a trial pile (3.1.1), or a working pile (3.1.2).
3.1.4
pile load
axial compressive load (or force) applied to the head of the pile during the test
3.1.5
rapid load
force applied to the pile in a continuously increasing and then decreasing manner of a suitable duration
(typically less than 1 s) relative to the natural period of the pile which causes the pile to compress over
the full length and translate approximately as a unit during the full loading period
3.1.6
maximum compressive load
maximum axial compressive load (or force) applied to the pile during the test, generally defined prior
to the test
3.1.7
rapid load test
pile loading test where a pile is subjected to chosen axial rapid load (3.1.5) at the pile head for the
analysis of its capacity
3.1.8
ultimate measured compressive resistance of a pile
corresponding state in which the pile foundation displaces significantly with negligible increase of
resistance
Note 1 to entry: Where it is difficult to define an ultimate limit state from a load settlement plot showing a
continuous slight increase, a settlement of the pile top equal to 10 % of the pile base diameter should be adopted
as the “failure” criterion.
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Note 2 to entry: The maximum compressive resistance measured during a rapid load test (3.1.7) is not necessarily
equal to the ultimate measured compressive resistance of a pile. The measured resistance obtained from rapid
load testing must be analysed to remove the effects of inertia and soil dependent behaviour before it can be
considered equivalent to the ultimate measured compressive resistance as outlined in Annex A.
3.1.9
design compressive static resistance of a pile
ultimate compressive static resistance of a pile that shall be determined prior to load testing to allow
specification of appropriate magnitude rapid load test (3.1.7) cycles
3.1.10
equivalent diameter
diameter of an equivalent circle of which the area equals the area of the relevant pile section
Note 1 to entry: The equivalent diameter for a circular pile is the outer diameter of the pile, for a square pile the
diameter which gives the same area as the square pile (as long as the longest side is smaller than 1,5 times the
shortest side) is the equivalent diameter.
3.1.11
minimum reference separation distance
distance which separates a stationary reference point from a point that will be significantly displaced
by the testing method
Note 1 to entry: Only stationary points can be used for reference of displacement (3.1.12) measurement devices.
Displacement measuring systems can be placed on the soil outside the reference distance without isolating
(displacement compensating) measures.
3.1.12
displacement
axial displacement of the pile head measured during testing
3.2 Symbols
a pile acceleration
c velocity of the stress wave in the test pile
p
c velocity of the shear wave in the ground
s
D diameter or equivalent diameter of the test pile
F pile load in compression
c
F maximum compressive load
c,max
g acceleration due to gravity
L total length of the test pile
R measured ultimate resistance of the ground in the test, or measured geotechnical resistance of
c,m
the pile
r minimum reference separation distance
ref
t time
t duration of the rapid load application
f
t duration of the falling of the mass for a falling mass equipment
g
w pile displacement
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4 Testing equipment
4.1 General
The equipment should generate a rapid load at the pile head where the duration of the load fulfils
Formula (1):
tc×
()
fp
10 < ≤ 1000 (1)
L
If information on the ultimate compressive resistance of the pile is one of the aims of the test, the
equipment shall have enough capacity to reach the ultimate compressive resistance under rapid loading.
The force applied to the pile head during a rapid load test for measuring the ultimate compressive
resistance might exceed the design compressive static resistance of a pile by a factor of two to three
due to soil specific rate effects. The need to apply such high loads shall be considered when specifying
equipment and pile materials.
If for a rapid load test one or more of the requirements mentioned in this part of ISO 22477 is not met,
it should be proven that this shortcoming has no influence on the achievement of the objectives of the
test, before the results can be interpreted as a rapid load test.
For long piles where the criteria in Formula (1) is exceeded or where rock sockets result in non-uniform
strains within the pile, embedded pile instrumentation and specialized analysis will be required.
Additional instrumentation should conform to 4.3.
Rapid load testing systems rely on a mass to apply load to a pile. This is either through launching a mass
upwards, referred to as a launched mass system, or by dropping a mass, referred to as a drop mass
system. In both cases, the upward or the downward movement of the mass is controlled to produce the
required load duration in 4.1. To avoid eccentric loading of piles and additional safety considerations,
the movement of the mass should be guided during launched mass testing and drop mass testing.
4.2 Loading
The selection of the loading equipment shall take into account the following:
— aim of the test;
— ground conditions;
— maximum pile load (F );
c,max
— strength of the pile (material);
— execution of the test;
— safety considerations.
The loading equipment shall generate a force which fulfils the requirements in 4.1 and is able to
apply the required maximum compressive force to mobilize a specified compressive resistance or the
ultimate compressive resistance of a pile.
If a test pile is tested by several cycles beginning with a low magnitude force cycle, the maximum
force of each proceeding cycle should be larger than the maximum force of the preceding cycle. Where
cycles of loading are applied, this should be undertaken in a manner that removes the potential for
uncontrolled reloading of the pile. This will require the device to have a mass catching mechanism.
The equipment shall load the pile accurately along the direction of the pile axis. The eccentricity of the
load shall be less than 10 % of the equivalent diameter. The deviation or eccentricity of the alignment
of the force to the axis of the pile shall be less than 20 mm/m. Eccentric loading of the pile is allowed
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where this has been specifically allowed for during pile design and it has been verified that this will not
unduly effect the performance of the testing equipment.
The stress in the pile under the maximum applied load shall not exceed the permissible stress of the
pile material.
4.3 Measurements
Prior to a rapid load test, two variables shall be directly measured where the reaction mass comes into
contact with the pile head prior to testing (not required for all equipment types):
— the force applied to the pile head;
— the displacement of the pile head;
During a rapid load test, a minimum of three variables shall be directly measured relative to time (t):
— the force applied to the pile head (F );
c
— the displacement of the pile head (w);
— the acceleration of the pile head (a).
The transducers and signal processing shall satisfy the requirements from Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and
Table 4. Sampling shall commence a minimum of 50 ms before loading commences and continue for a
minimum duration of 500 ms. Where duration of the loading event means that the duration of sampling
exceeds 500 ms, the duration of sampling shall be increased to capture the entire event and allow for
the required post event sampling. All transducer sampling shall be synchronised. The transducers shall
have sufficient measuring range, in order to avoid re-adjustment during testing. All instrumentation
must be able to withstand pile installation and testing procedures.
Table 1 — Rapid load test transducer and signal processing general requirements
Parameter Requirement
Sampling rate ≥4 000 samples per second
Duration of pre-event sampling ≥50 ms
Duration of post-event sampling ≥300 ms
Cut off frequency low pass filter ≥1 kHz
Table 2 — Rapid load test load transducer and signal processing load requirements
Parameter Requirement
Maximum load >maximum test load
Linearity <2 % of maximum value reached
Hysteresis <2 % of maximum value reached
Response time <0,1 ms
Table 3 — Rapid load test acceleration transducer and signal processing requirements
Parameter Requirement
number of transducers ≥1
resonant frequency >5 kHz
linearity up to 50 g
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Table 4 — Rapid load test transducer and signal processing displacement requirements
Parameter Requirement
Range >50 mm or D/10, whichever is greater
Accuracy ±0,25 mm
Response time <0,1 ms
Before and after each load cycle, the level of the pile head shall be determined relative to a point outside
of the minimum reference separation distance by optical levelling. The optical levelling measurements
shall be controlled by reference to one or more fixed reference points and should be undertaken to an
accuracy of ±1 mm.
The base of a test displacement measuring system (where this is placed on the ground surface) should
not be placed closer than the minimum reference separation distance from the pile. This shall be
verified at the test site. If the minimum reference separation distance for a test displacement measuring
system cannot be reached or vibration-free measurement cannot be undertaken, the test displacement
measuring system should be placed on or fixed to a vibration-free surface such as an adjacent pile.
The minimum reference separation distance shall be measured from
— the pile, when the test is undertaken with a launched mass, or
— supporting component of the equipment which is nearest the pile, when the test is undertaken with
a falling mass.
The value of the minimum reference separation distance should be a minimum of 15 m and
— equal to or greater than the distance which the shear waves in the soil travel during the duration of
the loading (t ), when the test is undertaken with a launched mass, thus r = c × t , or
f ref s f
— equal to or greater than the distance which the shear waves in the soil travel during the duration of
the falling of the mass (t ) and the subsequent loading (t ), when the test is undertaken with a falling
g f
mass, thus r = c × ( t + t ).
ref s g f
The load applied to the pile shall be determined directly by a purpose built calibrated load cell which
does not form part of the pile. The use of pile mounted strain gauges to derive externally applied loads
for steel or precast concrete piles shall only be considered in special circumstances where a load cell
is unavailable and the stiffness of the pile material is known from manufacturer’s certification or has
been verified directly through material element testing for the piles under test. For cast insitu concrete
piles, a purpose built calibrated load cell should be used or where pile mounted strain gauges to derive
externally applied loads are used, these should be calibrated against load cell readings for the specific
piles under test.
Surface mounted strain gauges should be mounted in diametrically opposed pairs. Where embedded
strain gauges are used to compliment test results or where the criteria exceeds in Formula (1), strain
gauges or strain gauge devices should be fixed to the reinforcement bars or embedded in the concrete
of concrete piles or attached to the walls of steel piles at least in diametrically opposed pairs at each
depth to be considered. Where strain gauge devices are cast in concrete, it is advised that a minimum
of three devices should be used at each depth to be considered. To determine load from strain, the cross
section and the pile material modulus of elasticity shall be asse
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