SIST EN 16474:2026
(Main)Plastics and rubber machines - Tyre curing machines - Safety requirements
Plastics and rubber machines - Tyre curing machines - Safety requirements
This document applies to tyre curing machines having the following configuration:
- crossing flow tyre curing machines, with one cavity with manual or automatic feeding and discharge;
- crossing flow tyre curing machines, with two cavities, with manual or automatic feeding and discharge and with:
- common curing cycle and common safeguarding; or
- independent curing cycles and common safeguarding; or
- independent curing cycles and independent safeguarding;
- tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and discharge.
The safety requirements and/or protective measures specified in this document apply to tyre curing machines used to cure bicycle, motorcycle, passenger vehicle and truck tyres or other tyres that can be cured according to the requirements of this document.
This document deals with the following ancillary equipment that are an integral part in a tyre curing machine:
- loading/unloading device;
- take-away conveyor;
- Post Cure Inflator (PCI) integrated in the rear side of a crossing flow machines for passenger vehicle tyres;
- spraying jib.
This document does not deal with:
- feeding system and discharge system;
- tyre curing machines with manual loading of the green tyre into the mould and manual unloading of the cured tyre from the mould;
- ancillary equipment which is not an integral part of the tyre curing machine, e.g. conveying equipment;
- exhaust systems.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tyre curing machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A).
It does not deal with hazards associated with falling of parts of the container or mould because they are not part of the machinery.
This document is not applicable to tyre curing machines which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN.
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Dieses Dokument gilt für Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen mit folgender Konfiguration:
- Kreuzstrom-Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, mit einer Kavität mit manueller oder automatischer Beschickung und Entnahme;
- Kreuzstrom-Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, mit zwei Kavitäten, mit manueller oder automatischer Beschickung und Entnahme und mit:
- gemeinsamem Vulkanisierzyklus und gemeinsamer technischer Schutzmaßnahme; oder
- voneinander unabhängigen Vulkanisierzyklen und gemeinsamer technischer Schutzmaßnahme; oder
- voneinander unabhängigen Vulkanisierzyklen und unabhängiger technischer Schutzmaßnahme;
- Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen mit automatischer rückseitiger Beschickung und Entnahme.
Die in diesem Dokument festgelegten Sicherheitsanforderungen und/oder Schutzmaßnahmen gelten für Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, die für die Vulkanisierung von Fahrrad-, Motorrad-, Personenkraftwagen- und Lastkraftwagenreifen oder anderen Reifen, die entsprechend den Anforderungen dieses Dokuments vulkanisiert werden können, verwendet werden.
Dieses Dokument behandelt die folgenden Zusatzeinrichtungen, die integraler Bestandteil einer Reifenvulkanisiermaschine sind:
- Lade-/Entladeeinrichtung;
- Abförderband;
Post Cure Inflator (PCI), der in die Rückseite einer Kreuzstrommaschine für Reifen von Personenkraftwagen integriert ist;
- Sprühausleger.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht:
- Beschickungs- und Entnahmesysteme;
- Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, bei denen das Beladen des Reifenrohlings in die Form und das Entladen des Fertigreifens aus der Form manuell erfolgt;
- Zusatzeinrichtungen, die kein Bestandteil der Reifenvulkanisiermaschine sind, z. B. Fördereinrichtungen;
- Absaugsysteme.
Dieses Dokument behandelt alle wesentlichen Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Ereignisse mit Bezug zu Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter Bedingungen von durch den Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen verwendet werden (siehe Anhang A).
Es behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen in Verbindung mit dem Herabfallen von Teilen des Containers oder der Form, da diese nicht Teil der Maschine sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen, die vor dem Zeitpunkt ihrer Veröffentlichung als EN hergestellt wurden.
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques - Prescriptions de sécurité
Le présent document s’applique aux machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques dont la configuration est la suivante :
— machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques à flux traversant, à une cavité à alimentation et évacuation manuelles ou automatiques ;
— machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques à flux traversant, à deux cavités avec alimentation et évacuation manuelles ou automatiques et avec :
— un cycle de vulcanisation commun et des mesures de protection communes ; ou
— des cycles de vulcanisation indépendants et des mesures de protection communes ; ou
— des cycles de vulcanisation indépendants et des mesures de protection indépendantes ;
— machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques à alimentation et évacuation automatiques par l’arrière.
Les exigences de sécurité et/ou les mesures de prévention spécifiées dans le présent document s’appliquent aux machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques utilisées pour vulcaniser les pneumatiques de bicyclettes, de motocycles, de véhicules de tourisme et de véhicules poids lourds ou d’autres pneumatiques qui peuvent être vulcanisés conformément aux exigences du présent document.
Le présent document traite des équipements auxiliaires suivants, qui font partie intégrante d’une machine à vulcaniser les pneumatiques :
— dispositif de chargement/déchargement ;
— convoyeur d’évacuation ;
— dispositif de gonflage post-vulcanisation (PCI) intégré à l’arrière d’une machine à flux traversant pour les pneumatiques de véhicules de tourisme ;
— potence de pulvérisation.
Le présent document ne traite pas :
— du système d’alimentation ni du système d’évacuation de la machine ;
— des machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques avec chargement manuel du bandage dans le moule et déchargement manuel de l’enveloppe du moule ;
— d'équipement auxiliaire qui ne fait pas partie intégrante de la machine à vulcaniser, par exemple les équipements de convoyage ;
— des systèmes d’aspiration.
Le présent document traite tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations dangereuses et événements dangereux qui sont pertinents pour les machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques lorsqu’elles sont utilisées normalement et dans les conditions de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant (voir l’Annexe A).
Il ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux associés à la chute de pièces du container ou du moule car ceux-ci ne font pas partie de la machine.
Le présent document n’est pas applicable aux machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques fabriqués avant sa date de publication comme EN.
Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Stiskalnice za vulkaniziranje - Varnostne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
01-februar-2024
Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Stiskalnice za vulkaniziranje - Varnostne
zahteve
Plastics and rubber machines - Tyre curing machines - Safety requirements
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen -
Sicherheitsanforderungen
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Machines à vulcaniser les
pneumatiques - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16474
ICS:
25.120.10 Kovaški stroji. Stiskalnice. Forging equipment. Presses.
Škarje Shears
83.200 Oprema za gumarsko Equipment for the rubber and
industrijo in industrijo plastics industries
polimernih materialov
oSIST prEN 16474:2024 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16474
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2023
ICS 83.200 Will supersede EN 16474:2015
English Version
Plastics and rubber machines - Tyre curing machines -
Safety requirements
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen -
- Machines à vulcaniser les pneumatiques - Reifenvulkanisiermaschinen -
Prescriptions de sécurité Sicherheitsanforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 145.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16474:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Content Page
European Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of significant hazards . 14
4.1 General . 14
4.2 General hazards . 20
4.3 Hazards associated with specific machine parts or areas . 20
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 22
5.1 General safety requirements and/or protective measures . 22
5.2 Specific safety requirements and/or protective measures . 23
5.3 Emergency stop function . 72
5.4 Requirements for noise reduction . 72
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 73
7 Information for use . 81
7.1 General . 81
7.2 Instruction handbook . 81
7.3 Marking . 83
7.4 Warning signs . 83
Annex A (normative) Noise test code . 84
A.1 Introduction . 84
A.2 Measurement of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator’s or
other specified positions . 84
A.3 Installation, mounting and operating conditions for noise emission measurement . 85
A.4 Information to be recorded and reported . 85
A.5 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 86
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 89
Bibliography . 91
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prEN 16474:2023 (E)
European Foreword
This document (prEN 16474:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 145 “Plastics
and rubber machines”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16474:2015.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— modification of the scope including machines for cycle and motorcycle tyres and Post Curing Inflator
(PCI);
— consideration of revised type-A and type-B standards;
— added safety requirements for Post Curing Inflator;
— added requirements related to rescue movement for the movable upper part and the loading device;
— introduced fire hazard and related safety requirements;
— considered the possibility to leave pressurized the bladder above the semi-closed position for a
limited time and also when safeguards are activated and to increase the pressure above the threshold
for a very short time;
— considered the possibility to install a shield in order to leave pressurized the bladder below the semi-
closed position for a limited time when safeguards are activated.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
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prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built in accordance with the provisions of this type
C standard.
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1 Scope
This document applies to tyre curing machines having the following configuration:
— crossing flow tyre curing machines, with one cavity with manual or automatic feeding and discharge;
— crossing flow tyre curing machines, with two cavities, with manual or automatic feeding and
discharge and with:
— common curing cycle and common safeguarding; or
— independent curing cycles and common safeguarding; or
— independent curing cycles and independent safeguarding;
— tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and discharge.
The safety requirements and/or protective measures specified in this document apply to tyre curing
machines for cycle, motorcycle, passenger vehicle and truck tyres.
This document deals with the following ancillaries equipment that are an integral part in a tyre curing
machine:
— loading/unloading device;
— take-away conveyor;
— Post Cure Inflator (PCI) integrated in the rear side of a crossing flow machines for passenger vehicle
tyres.
This document does not deal with:
— feeding system and discharge system;
— tyre curing machines with manual loading of the green tyre into the mould and manual unloading of
the cured tyre from the mould;
— ancillary equipment which is not an integral part of the tyre curing machine, e.g. conveying
equipment;
— exhaust systems.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tyre curing
machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A).
It does not deal with hazards associated with falling of parts of the container or mould because they are
not part of the machinery.
This document is not applicable to tyre curing machines which are manufactured before the date of its
publication as an EN.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 619:2022, Continuous handling equipment and systems - Safety requirements for equipment for
mechanical handling of unit loads
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 4: Evaluation of
working postures and movements in relation to machinery
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
EN IEC 61496-1:2020, Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 1: General
requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:2020)
EN IEC 61496-2:2020, Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 2: Particular
requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs) (IEC 61496-2:2020)
EN IEC 61496-3:2019, Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 3: Particular
requirements for active opto-electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDR)
(IEC 61496-3:2018)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 7010:2020, Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Registered safety signs (ISO
7010:2019, Corrected version 2020-06)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections (ISO 11202:2010)
EN ISO 11204:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying accurate environmental
corrections (ISO 11204:2010)
As impacted by EN ISO 7010:2020/A1:2020, EN ISO 7010:2020/A2:2022, EN ISO 7010:2020/A3:2022,
EN ISO 7010:2020/A4:2023, EN ISO 7010:2020/A5:2023 and EN ISO 7010:2020/A6:2023.
As impacted by EN ISO 11202:2010/A1:2021.
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EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
prEN ISO 13855:2022, Safety of machinery - Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach of the
human body (ISO/DIS 13855:2022)
EN ISO 13856-2:2013, Safety of machinery - Pressure-sensitive protective devices - Part 2: General
principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars (ISO 13856-2:2013)
EN ISO 13856-3:2013, Safety of machinery - Pressure-sensitive protective devices - Part 3: General
principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices
(ISO 13856-3:2013)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
prEN ISO 14119:2022, Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for
design and selection (ISO/DIS 14119:2022)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
EN ISO 14122-3:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2016)
EN ISO 14122-4:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed
ladders (ISO 14122-4:2016)
ISO 1402:2021, Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp/
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3.1
tyre curing machine
machine used for vulcanisation of tyres usually comprising fixed and movable parts that can be locked
together, inside which the green tyre assumes its final shape and characteristics by the use of pressure
and heating
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 and Figure 2.
3.2
crossing flow
machine type in which green tyres are fed and loaded from the front and cured tyres are unloaded and
discharged from the rear
3.3
cavity
part of the machine in which the container and/or the mould and the bladder are installed
3.4
green tyre
assembly of rubber parts intended to be cured
3.5
cured tyre
tyre in its final form after vulcanisation
3.6
bladder
inflatable rubber component used to push the green tyre into contact with the mould while being inflated
by the curing media
Note 1 to entry: The bladder could be connected to the machine by means of the top ring and bottom ring or
automatic clamped on the lower foot.
3.7
bottom ring
assembly of the bottom bladder clamping plate
3.8
top ring
assembly of the top bladder clamping plate
3.9
green tyre stand
supporting element for the green tyre before loading
3.10
chuck
device for holding or gripping the green or cured tyre
3.11
movable upper part
part of the machine that is opened for loading the green tyre and unloading the cured tyre and is closed
and locked during curing
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3.12
heating platen
equipment used to heat sidewalls of the mould by contact
3.13
steam dome
equipment used to heat the complete mould by direct contact with the steam
3.14
container
exchangeable equipment used to heat the curing mould or part of it
Note 1 to entry: The container is fixed to the tyre curing machine by use of screws or automatic fixation device.
3.15
mould
exchangeable equipment used to give the external shape to the cured tyre
Note 1 to entry: The mould could be a two halves’ moulds or a segmented mould.
3.16
dummy mould
subassembly representative of the mould
3.17
mould segment
movable part of the mould
3.18
loading pressure
pressure inflated into the bladder in order to make it able to hold the green tyre in place while the loading
device deposits it into the cavity
3.19
pre-shaping pressure
pressure inflated into the bladder in order to make it able to pre-shape the green tire while the curing
machine is closing the mould
3.20
opening pressure
pressure inflated into the bladder in order to make it able to hold the cured tire in place while the curing
machine is opening the mould
3.21
semi-closed position
position of the movable top beam above which the loading pressure is applied and below which the pre-
shaping pressure or the opening pressure is applied
Note 1 to entry: The position depends on the height of the mould and the size of the green tire.
Note 2 to entry: In case of segments mould, position where the still open segments of the mould in the container
are 100 mm above the position generating the first contact with the bottom part of the mould.
Note 3 to entry: In case of two halves mould, position where the movable upper part of the mould gets in contact
with the Top Ring, when the top ring is in the loading position.
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3.22
feeding
manual or automatic operation to feed green tyres to the loading device
3.23
loading device
device that is an integrated ancillary equipment of the machine and it is used to pick up the green tyre
and insert it into the tyre curing machine
3.24
curing cycle
period of time in which the curing process is completed, i.e. from full closing, squeezing and locking until
the pressure is dropped down
3.25
unloading device
device that is an integrated ancillary equipment of the machine and it is used to remove the cured tyre
from the tyre curing machine
3.26
discharge
manual or automatic operation to remove cured tyres from the unloading device
3.27
take-away conveyor
conveyor that is an integral part of the machine and on which the unloading device deposits the cured
tyres for discharge to the rear of the tyre curing machine
3.28
spraying device
static or dynamic nozzle(s) used to treat the mould and/or the bladder with treatment fluid
3.29
distance guard
guard which does not completely enclose a danger zone, but which prevents or reduces access by virtue
of its dimensions and its distance from the danger zone, e.g. perimeter fence or tunnel guard
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14120:2015, 3.2.2]
3.30
enclosing guard
guard which prevents access to the danger zone from all sides
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14120:2015, 3.2.1]
3.31
integrated ancillary equipment
ancillary equipment which cannot in itself perform a specific application but need to be integrated with
a curing machine in order to carry out the intended use
Note 1 to entry: A stand-alone PCI is not an integrated ancillary equipment.
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3.32
Post Cure Inflator
PCI
integrated ancillary equipment used for the inflation of the still hot cured tyre during its cooling
3.33
PCI half rim
exchangeable mechanical tool to keep the tyre in shape while inflating it
3.34
rim locking device
device that locks the rim on the PCI
3.35
machine designed for automatic feeding only
machinery designed to operate only with automatic feeding equipment to feed green tyres to the loading
device and when it is not possible to operate the machinery without those devices
3.36
machine designed for automatic discharging only
machinery designed to operate only with automatic discharging equipment to remove cured tyres from
the unloading device and when it is not possible to operate the machinery without those devices
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Key
1 container
2 top ring
3 bottom ring or bottom clamping
4 bladder
5 heating platen
Figure 1 — Main parts of tyre curing machines (front view)
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Key
1 unloading device
2 take-away conveyor
3 green tyre stand
4 top ring
5 green tyre
6 loading device
7 chuck
8 movable upper part
9 cured tyre
Figure 2 — Main parts of tyre curing machines (side view)
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4 List of significant hazards
4.1 General
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events identified by risk
assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the
risk.
For the location of hazards on crossing flow tyre curing machines, see Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.
For the location of hazards on tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and discharge, see
Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8.
The numbering of hazards on Figure 3 to Figure 8 and in 4.3 corresponds to the numbering of hazards in
Table 1.
Figure 3 — Location of hazards on crossing flow tyre curing machines (front view)
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Figure 4 — Location of hazards on crossing flow tyre curing machines (side view) incorporating
the PCI
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Figure 5 — Location of hazards on crossing flow tyre curing machines (top view) incorporating a
PCI
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Figure 6 — Location of hazards on tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding
and discharge (front view)
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Figure 7 — Location of hazards on tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding
and discharge (side view)
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Figure 8 — Location of hazards on tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding
and discharge (top view)
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4.2 General hazards
Electric shock or burns due to direct or indirect contact with live conductive parts (see 5.1).
Hazards due to malfunction of the hydraulic or pneumatic systems (see 5.1).
Hazards from high noise levels resulting for example in hearing impairment, tiredness, stress, loss of
balance or awareness, interference with speech communications or with the perception of acoustic
signals (see 5.4).
Hazards due to neglecting ergonomic principles, e.g. musculoskeletal disorders due to posture, efforts
and/or repetitive activity related to manual feeding of green tyres as well as recurring activities such as
PCI Rims change , mould change, mould clean, bladder change etc. (see 5.1.7).
4.3 Hazards associated with specific machine parts or areas
The significant hazards associated with specific parts or areas of tyre curing machines are the following:
1) Crushing, shearing and/or entanglement due to closing of the movable upper part;
2) Crushing, shearing, entanglement and/or impact due to opening of the movable upper part;
3) Crushing due to unexpected falling of the movable upper part when it is in the fully open position;
4) Crushing due unexpected gravity fall of the movable upper part when it is in any raised position;
5) Crushing and/or shearing due to locking of the movable upper part;
6) Crushing and/or shearing due to unlocking of the movable upper part;
7) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to downward movement of the loading device and/or green
tyre stand;
8) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to upward movement of the loading device and/or green tyre
stand;
9) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to rotation of the loading device (chuck type);
10) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to unexpected gravity fall of the loading device when it is in
raised position;
11) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to downward movement of the unloading device;
12) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to upward movement of the unloading device, rotation of the
chuck type unloading device or swivelling of the fork type unloading device;
13) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to unexpected gravity fall of the unloading device when it is in
raised position;
14) Cutting, crushing and/or impact due to expansion/collapse of the chuck elements of the loading
device;
15) Crushing and/or shearing due to downward and upward movement of the bottom ring;
16) Crushing and/or shearing due to downward and upward movement of the top ring;
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
17) Cutting, crushing and/or impact due to expansion/collapse of the chuck elements of the unloading
device;
18) Crushing and/or cutting due to movement to create/release the squeeze force;
19) Crushing and/or shearing due to movement of the automatic container locking and unlocking
system;
20) Crushing, shearing and/or trapping due to closing movement of the mould segments;
21) Bursting and/or ejection of materials or steam due to pressure to the bladder when the tyre curing
machine is above the semi-closed position;
22) Bursting and/or ejection of materials due to pressure to the bladder when the tyre curing machine
is below the semi-closed position;
23) Bursting and/or ejection of materials due to pressure to the bladder when the tyre curing machine
is closed and locked;
24) Bursting ejection of materials, impact, injection and/or burns due to high pressure inside the dome
before unlocking;
25) Bursting, ejection of materials, impact, injection and/or burns due to high pressure inside the bladder
before unlocking;
26) Bursting, ejection of materials, impact, injection and/or scalds, due to accumulation of hot water
under pressure between the bladder and tyre in case of a leakage of the bladder (only for machines
using hot water as curing media);
27) Scalds due to accumulation of hot water between the bladder and the tyre or mould;
28) Inhalation of substances hazardous to health due to release of fumes;
29) Impact, crushing and/or cutting due to movement of power operated guards on tyre curing machines
with automatic rear feeding and discharge;
30) Burns due to hot parts (pipes, mould, heating platens, hoses, valves, etc.);
31) Scalds, burns and/or impact due to rupture of flexible hoses or failure of rigid pipes feeding curing
media to the tyre curing machine;
32) Scalds due to leakage from flexible hoses or rigid pipes feeding curing media to the tyre curing
machine;
33) Crushing and/or impact due to falling of the upper part of the container;
34) Projection of fluid and/or impact due to movement of the spraying jib, if any and/or inhalation of
toxic substances released from the spraying device;
35) Fall from working positions at height;
36) Projection of fluid and/or burns due to residual pressure of curing media inside pipework;
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
37) Impact and/or crushing due to falling of the green tyre from the loading device or cured tyre from
the unloading device.
38) Fire hazard due to projection of oil or oil fog on hot machine parts.
39) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to movements of handling device transferring the tyre from
the curing cavity to the PCI;
NOTE The handling device of PCI could be the unloading device of curing machine or any other dedicated
device.
40) Crushing, shearing, impact and/or entanglement due to the movements of the movable rims of the
PCI;
41) Crushing due to unexpected gravity fall of the movable rim or rim transfer or rotating axis when it is
in any raised position;
42) Crushing due unexpected falling of the movable rims when they are in the fully open position;
43) Impact and/or crushing due to gravity fall of the cured tyre during the transferring the cured tyre to
and from the PCI;
44) Crushing and/or impact of tyre parts due to bursting, blast effect caused by high pressure;
45) Crushing, shearing and/or impact due to movements of the pushers or deflectors dethatching the tyre
from the rim of the PCI.
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 Basic safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the machines shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant
but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
5.1.2 Guards and protective devices
Safety distances for fixed distance guards and machine parts acting as fixed guards shall comply with
EN ISO 13857:2019. For the hazard “reaching over protective structures”, if not otherwise specified in
the relevant subclauses, Table 2 shall be applied for crushing and shearing hazards, otherwise Table 1
shall be used. For reaching through openings, Table 3 and Table 4 shall be used.
Guards shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with EN ISO 14120:2015. Interlocking devices
shall comply with prEN ISO 14119:2022. The choice between interlocking guards and interlocking
guards with guard locking shall comply with prEN ISO 14119:2022, Clause 7 and prEN ISO 13855:2022,
Clause 12. Interlocking guards may be power operated on tyre curing machines with automatic rear
feeding and discharge. In case of interlocking guards with guard locking giving access to areas where
whole body access is possible, an escape release device shall be provided according to
EN ISO 14119:2013, 5.7.5.2.
Light curtains shall be in accordance with EN IEC 61496-1:2020 and EN IEC 61496-2:2020.
Scanners shall comply with EN IEC 61496-3:2019.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Light curtains and interlocking guards without guard locking shall be positioned in accordance with
prEN ISO 13855:2022.
Opening an interlocking guard or actuating a protective device shall stop any dangerous movement for
which the safeguard is installed before the dangerous moving part can be reached but shall not interrupt
the curing process when the tyre curing machine is closed and locked.
5.1.3 Safety related parts of the control system
The safety related parts of the control system (SRP/CS) shall be designed in accordance with
EN ISO 13849-1:2023. The required performance level (PL ) for each safety function is specified in the
r
relevant subclauses taking into account the risk assessment. When safety measures other than SRP/CS
are listed in the table 1, they don’t require any PLr.
5.1.4 Electrical equipment
The electrical equipment shall be in accordance with EN 60204-1:2018.
5.1.5 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
The hydraulic equipment and its components shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 4413:2010.
The pneumatic equipment and its components shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 4414:2010.
5.1.6 Ancillaries equipment
Power operated take-away conveyors shall be in accordance with EN 619:2022.
5.1.7 Ergonomic principles
Ergonomic principles shall be in accordance with EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 and
EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 for the design of green tyre stands in case of manual feeding as well as
recurring activities such as PCI Rims change, mould change, bladder change etc.
5.1.8 Mechanical strength of machine part
For tyre curing machines which include pressure equipment, the manufacturer shall consider the forces
resulting from the pressurization for the calculation of the mechanical strength of machine parts
subjected to these forces. See also Table 1, hazards 21 to 25.
The machine shall be designed taking into consideration the max values with reference to 7.2.11
5.2 Specific safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.2.1 Specific requirements for operation in production mode
Protection against hazards associated with specific machine parts or areas
Safety requirements and/or protective measures for operation in production mode are given in Table 1
for crossing flow tyre curing machines and for tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
discharge. Safeguards and/or protective measures are expressed in tabular form in precise and clearly
understandable terms.
The lines of Table 1 are related to the respective significant hazards listed in 4.3.
In Table 1, the safety requirements and/or protective measures are specified for the front, rear and side
positions on the tyre curing machine. Figure 9 and Figure 10 show these positions.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Key Key
1 front position 1 front position
2 rear position 2 rear position
3 side position 3 side position
Figure 9 — Positions on crossing flow tyre Figure 10 — Position on tyre curing machine
curing machines with automatic rear feeding and discharge
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Table 1 — Safety requirements and/or protective measures for tyre curing machines in production mode (1 of 45)
Tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
Crossing flow tyre curing machines
Hazard Dangerous Significant Position/
discharge
N° situation hazard(s) location
Safeguards and/or protective measures PLr Safeguards and/or protective measures PLr
Scanner
or
Light curtain
or
Combination of fixed distance guards and machine
parts acting as fixed guards preventing access.
Where these safeguards cannot be practically
implemented, e.g. due to lack of space, pressure
sensitive protective devices in accordance with
EN ISO 13856-3:2013 shall be installed under the
d
following conditions:
for the safe-
— the pressure sensitive protective devices shall
guarding
be dimensioned and positioned so that the
function
dangerous moving part has stopped before any
injury can occur and that nobody can stand c
between the pressure sensitive protective
only for the
device and crushing/shearing points;
stopping function
— if the pressure sensitive protective device is of the downward
adjustable, its safe position with respect to the movement in
size of the container and mould shall be case of use of the
Crushing
Closing of the detected by the safety related parts of the interlocking
Shearing
movable upper Position control system of the machine before the Interlocking guard with or without guard guard with guard
1 part Entanglement 1: front movement can be started. d locking. locking
A rescue pushbutton shall be installed in a position
to give a clear view of the dangerous area. A clear
indication of the function shall be provided.
The rescue pushbutton shall always be operative,
also in case of emergency stop actuated, light curtain
or scanner interrupted or pressure protective device
actuated and not in case the machine is closed and
locked.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
Crossing flow tyre curing machines
Hazard Dangerous Significant Position/
discharge
N° situation hazard(s) location
Safeguards and/or protective measures PLr Safeguards and/or protective measures PLr
By maintaining the pushbutton pushed, the movable
upper part shall rise up with a maximum speed of 33
mm/s with a stroke of about 200mm. The new rise
up shall be possible only releasing and pushing again
this pushbutton.
The rescue pushbutton shall be only one for the
whole machine, therefore it shall be the same
described in Hazard 1 Side and Hazard 7 Front and
Side of this table.
Interlocking guard with guard locking for the
Fixed distance guard
feeding/discharge system
Position and/or
and/or
2: rear
Take-away conveyor, shall act as a fixed distance
Interlocking guard without guard locking
guard according to EN 619:2022
associated with light curtains.
Fixed distance guard and interlocking guard with or
without guard locking
or
Combination of fixed distance guards and machine
parts acting as fixed guards preventing access.
A rescue pushbutton shall be installed in a position
to give a clear view of the dangerous area.
The rescue pushbutton shall always be operative,
also in case of emergency stop or interlocking guard
Position
Fixed distance guard.
with or without guard locking actuated and not in
3: side
case the machine is closed and locked.
By maintaining the pushbutton pushed, the movable
upper part shall rise up with a maximum speed of 33
mm/s with a stroke of about 200mm. The new rise
up shall be possible only releasing and pushing again
this pushbutton.
The rescue pushbutton shall be only one for the
whole machine, therefore it shall be the same
described in Hazard 1 Front and Hazard 7 Front and
Side of this table”
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Table 1 (2 of 45)
Tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
Crossing flow tyre curing machines
Hazard Dangerous Significant Position/
discharge
N° situation hazard(s) location
Safeguards and/or protective measures PL Safeguards and/or protective measures PL
r r
Scanner
or
Light curtain
Position Interlocking guard with or without guard
or b b
1: front locking.
Combination of fixed distance guards and if no if no
machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing access to access to
the the
access.
crushing/ crushing
Crushing
Interlocking guard with guard locking for the
shearing /shearing
Opening of the Fixed distance guard
Shearing
feeding/discharge system
hazard hazard
2 movable upper
Position and/or
Entanglement
and/or
part
d d
2: rear
Take-away conveyor, shall act as a fixed distance
Impact
Interlocking guard without guard locking
if access if access
guard according to EN 619:2022.
associated with light curtains.
to to
crushing/ crushing/
Fixed distance guard and interlocking guard
shearing shearing
with or without guard locking
hazard hazard
Position or
Fixed distance guard.
3: side
Combination of fixed distance guards and
machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing
access.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Table 1 (3 of 45)
Tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
Crossing flow tyre curing machines
Hazard Dangerous Significant Position/
discharge
N° situation hazard(s) location
Safeguards and/or protective measures PL Safeguards and/or protective measures PL
r r
Combination of fixed distance guards and
machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing
access
Upper part mechanical restraint device that is
Position
or automatically engaged. The engagement of this
1: front
device shall be visually indicated.
Mechanical restraint device that is automatically
engaged; the engagement of this device shall be
visually indicated.
Fixed distance guard
and/or
Unexpected
falling of the Take-away conveyor acting as fixed distance
Upper part mechanical restraint device that is
movable upper Position guard, according to EN 619:2022
automatically engaged. The engagement of this
3 Crushing d d
part when it is 2: rear
or
device shall be visually indicated.
in the fully open
Mechanical restraint device that is automatically
position.
engaged; the engagement of this device shall be
visually indicated.
Combination of fixed distance guards and
machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing Fixed distance guard
access
and
Position
or
Upper part mechanical restraint device that is
3: side
Mechanical restraint device that is automatically automatically engaged. The engagement of this
engaged; the engagement of this device shall be device shall be visually indicated.
visually indicated.
oSIST prEN 16474:2024
prEN 16474:2023 (E)
Table 1 (4 of 45)
Tyre curing machines with automatic rear feeding and
Crossing flow tyre curing machines
Hazard Dangerous Significant Position/
discharge
N° situation hazard(s) location
Safeguards and/or protective measures PL Safeguards and/or protective measures PL
r r
Combination of fixed distance guards and Combination of fixed distance guards and
machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing machine parts acting as fixed guards preventing
access access
or or
Position
Restraint system activated by opening an Restraint system activated by opening an
1: front
interlocking guard or actuating a protective interlocking guard o
...
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