SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
(Main)Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - General specifications for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - General specifications for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
This International Standard lays down a method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (including aluminium-based alloys). It defines the characteristic properties of anodic oxidation coatings, lists methods of test for checking the characteristic properties, provides minimum performance requirements, and gives information on the grades of aluminium suitable for anodizing and the importance of pretreatment to ensure the required appearance or texture of the finished work. It is not applicable to a) non-porous oxidation coatings of the barrier layer type, b) oxidation coatings produced by chromic acid or phosphoric acid anodizing, c) oxidation coatings intended merely to prepare the substrate for subsequent application of organic coatings or electrodeposition of metals, d) hard anodic oxidation coatings used mainly for engineering purposes, for which abrasion and wear resistance are the primary characteristics.
Anodisieren von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Allgemeine Spezifikationen für anodisch erzeugte Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Diese Internationale Norm legt eine Methode zur Spezifizierung dekorativer und schützender anodisch
erzeugter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (einschließlich der Legierungen auf Grundlage von Aluminium) fest.
Sie definiert die charakteristischen Eigenschaften anodisch erzeugter Oxidschichten, gibt Verfahren zur
Überprüfung der charakteristischen Eigenschaften an, legt Mindestleistungsanforderungen fest, stellt
Informationen zur Güte des zum Anodisieren geeigneten Aluminiums bereit und geht auf die Bedeutung einer
Vorbehandlung zur Sicherstellung des geforderten Aussehens bzw. der Struktur des fertigen Werkstücks ein.
Sie gilt nicht für:
a) porenfreie Oxidschichten, die als Sperrschicht wirken;
b) Oxidschichten, die durch Anodisieren mit Chrom- oder Phosphorsäure erzeugt wurden;
c) Oxidschichten, die lediglich dazu vorgesehen sind, das Grundmetall für die nachfolgende Aufbringung
organischer Schichten oder die elektrolytische Abscheidung von Metallen vorzubereiten;
d) hartanodisierte Schichten, die überwiegend für technische Zwecke verwendet werden, für die Abrieb und
Verschleißfestigkeit die primären Eigenschaften sind (siehe ISO 10074).
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Spécifications générales pour couches anodiques sur aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine - Splošne specifikacije za anodizirane plasti na aluminiju (ISO 7599:2010)
Ta mednarodni standard predpisuje metodo za določanje okrasnih in zaščitnih anodiziranih plasti na aluminiju (vključno z na aluminiju osnovanih zlitin). Določa značilne lastnosti anodiziranih oksidiranih plasti, navaja metode preskusa za preverjanje značilnih lastnosti, zagotavlja minimalne zahteve za delovanje in podaja informacije o razredih aluminija, primernega za anodiziranje ter pomembnost predhodne obdelave za zagotavljanje potrebnega videza teksture končanega dela. Ne velja za a) neporozne plasti pregradne vrste, b) plasti, izdelane s kromovo kislino ali anodizacijo s fosforno kislino, c) plasti, namenjene samo za pripravo substrata za naknadno uporabo organskih plasti ali elektrodepozicijo kovin, d) trde anodizirane plasti, uporabljene predvsem za namene načrtovanja, pri katerih so abrazija in odpornost proti obrabi osnovne značilnosti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
01-september-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12373-1:2002
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine - Splošne specifikacije za anodizirane plasti na
aluminiju (ISO 7599:2010)
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - General specifications for anodic oxidation
coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Anodisieren von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Allgemeine Spezifikationen für
anodisch erzeugte Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Spécifications générales pour couches
anodiques sur aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 7599:2010
ICS:
25.220.20 Površinska obdelava Surface treatment
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
SIST EN ISO 7599:2010 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 7599
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2010
ICS 25.220.20 Supersedes EN 12373-1:2001
English Version
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - General specifications for
anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Anodisieren von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen -
Spécifications générales pour couches anodiques sur Allgemeine Spezifikationen für anodisch erzeugte
aluminium (ISO 7599:2010) Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO 7599:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 7599:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
EN ISO 7599:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
EN ISO 7599:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 7599:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 79 "Light metals and
their alloys" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium and aluminium alloys” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12373-1:2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 7599:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 7599:2010 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7599
Second edition
2010-07-01
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys —
General specifications for anodic
oxidation coatings on aluminium
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages — Spécifications
générales pour couches anodiques sur aluminium
Reference number
ISO 7599:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Information supplied by customer to anodizer .4
5 Tests .5
6 Coating thickness.6
7 Quality of sealing.7
8 Appearance and colour.8
9 Corrosion resistance.9
10 Abrasion resistance .9
11 Resistance to cracking by deformation .9
12 Fastness to light and ultraviolet radiation.9
13 Light reflection properties.10
14 Electrical breakdown potential .12
15 Continuity of coating.12
16 Mass per unit area (surface density) of coating.12
Annex A (informative) Guide to grades of aluminium for anodizing .13
Annex B (informative) Guidance on surface preparation .14
Annex C (normative) Interpretation of average and local thickness requirements.16
Annex D (informative) Standard test panels for calibrating test apparatus for measuring the
thickness of anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium .17
Annex E (informative) Guidance on cleaning materials for external architectural applications .20
Annex F (informative) Summary of information to be supplied by the customer to the anodizer .21
Bibliography.22
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7599 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 79, Light metals and their alloys, Subcommittee
SC 2, Organic and anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7599:1983), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7599:2010(E)
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — General specifications
for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium
1 Scope
This International Standard lays down a method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation
coatings on aluminium (including aluminium-based alloys). It defines the characteristic properties of anodic
oxidation coatings, lists methods of test for checking the characteristic properties, provides minimum
performance requirements, and gives information on the grades of aluminium suitable for anodizing and the
importance of pretreatment to ensure the required appearance or texture of the finished work.
It is not applicable to
a) non-porous oxidation coatings of the barrier layer type,
b) oxidation coatings produced by chromic acid or phosphoric acid anodizing,
c) oxidation coatings intended merely to prepare the substrate for subsequent application of organic
coatings or electrodeposition of metals,
d) hard anodic oxidation coatings used mainly for engineering purposes, for which abrasion and wear
resistance are the primary characteristics (see ISO 10074).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 2085, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Check for continuity of thin anodic oxidation coatings —
Copper sulfate test
ISO 2106, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of mass per unit area (surface density) of
anodic oxidation coatings — Gravimetric method
ISO 2128, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of thickness of anodic oxidation coatings —
Non-destructive measurement by split-beam microscope
ISO 2143, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Estimation of loss of absorptive power of anodic oxidation
coatings after sealing — Dye-spot test with prior acid treatment
ISO 2360, Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic electrically conductive basis materials — Measurement
of coating thickness — Amplitude-sensitive eddy-current method
ISO 2376, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of electric breakdown potential
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
ISO 2931, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings
by measurement of admittance
ISO 3210, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings
by measurement of the loss of mass after immersion in phosphoric acid/chromic acid solution
ISO 3211, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of resistance of anodic oxidation coatings to
cracking by deformation
ISO 7583, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Vocabulary
1)
ISO 8251:— , Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Measurement of abrasion resistance of anodic
oxidation coatings
ISO 8993, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion —
Chart method
ISO 8994, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion — Grid
method
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7583 and the following apply.
3.1
anodized aluminium
aluminium with an anodic oxidation coating, produced by an electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface
of the aluminium is converted to a mainly oxidation coating having protective, decorative or functional
properties
3.2
clear anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium with a substantially colourless, translucent anodic oxidation coating
3.3
colour anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium coloured either during anodizing or by subsequent colouring processes
3.4
integral colour anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium that has been anodized using an appropriate (usually organic acid-based) electrolyte
which produces a coloured oxidation coating during the anodizing process itself
3.5
electrolytically coloured anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium with an anodic oxidation coating that has been coloured by the electrolytic deposition of a
metal or metal oxide into the pore structure
3.6
dyed anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium with an anodic oxidation coating, coloured by absorption of dye-stuff or pigments into the
pore structure
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 8251:1987 and ISO 8252:1987)
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
3.7
combination colour anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium with an anodic oxidation coating, coloured by electrolytic colouring or produced by
integral colour anodizing followed by absorption dyeing
3.8
interference colour anodized aluminium
electrolytically coloured anodized aluminium, coloured by means of optical interference effects
3.9
bright anodized aluminium
anodized aluminium with a high specular reflectance as its primary characteristic
3.10
protective anodizing
anodizing where protection against corrosion or wear is the primary characteristic and appearance is
secondary or of no importance
3.11
decorative anodizing
anodizing where a decorative finish with a uniform or aesthetically pleasing appearance is the primary
characteristic
3.12
sealing
treatment of anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium, applied after anodizing to reduce the porosity and
absorption capacity of the coating, including but not limited to hydrothermal sealing and cold sealing (cold
impregnation)
3.13
significant surface
part of the article covered or to be covered by the coating and for which the coating is essential for
serviceability and/or appearance
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.1]
3.14
measuring area
area of the significant surface over which a single measurement is made
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.2]
NOTE The measuring area is the point at which a single measurement is made for the microscopical method, and is
the probe area, or area influencing the reading, for non-destructive methods.
3.15
reference area
area within which a specified number of single measurements is required to be made
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.3]
3.16
local thickness
mean of the thickness measurements, of which a specified number is made within a reference area
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.4]
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
3.17
minimum local thickness
lowest value of the local thickness found on the significant surface of a single article
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.5]
3.18
maximum local thickness
highest value of the local thickness found on the significant surface of a single article
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.6]
3.19
average thickness
mean value of a specified number of local thickness measurements that are evenly distributed over the
significant surface of a single anodized piece
[ISO 2064:1996, definition 3.7]
4 Information supplied by customer to anodizer
4.1 General
The information required from the customer by the anodizer in order to anodize the product correctly is given
in 4.2 and 4.3: 4.2 specifies information that is essential whenever a product is to be anodized; 4.3 identifies
additional information required for particular product applications. A summary of the subclause references
relating to this information is given in Annex F.
NOTE Certain properties (for example, high specular reflectance) are only obtainable by the use of special alloys,
and some properties can be incompatible with others.
4.2 Essential information
The following information shall be supplied by the customer to the anodizer, if necessary in consultation with
the aluminium supplier and/or anodizer:
a) a reference to this International Standard;
b) the intended service use of the article to be anodized;
c) the specification of the aluminium to be anodized;
d) an indication of the significant surface(s) of the article to be anodized;
e) the surface preparation to be used on the aluminium before anodizing;
f) the anodic oxidation coating thickness required;
g) whether a clear or coloured anodized finish is required;
h) whether the product is to be hydrothermally sealed, cold sealed or left unsealed.
Significant surfaces as per d) above are indicated preferably by drawings or by suitably marked samples; in
some cases, there can be different requirements for the finish on different parts of the significant surface(s).
The surface preparation as per e) above is indicated preferably by agreed samples; guidance on surface
preparation is given in Annex B.
NOTE Guidance on the choice of aluminium is given in Annex A.
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
4.3 Additional information
Additional information can be required for certain applications and, if so, shall be specified by the customer, if
necessary in consultation with the anodizer. It includes the following:
a) the type of anodizing and the colouring process to be used;
b) details of any formal sampling plans required;
c) the preferred position and maximum size of contact marks;
d) any limits of variation of final surface finish on the significant surface(s);
e) the colour of the anodized article(s) and maximum limits of colour variation;
f) any requirements for quality of sealing;
g) any requirements for corrosion resistance and the method of test to be used;
h) any requirements for abrasion resistance, the property to be tested and the measurements required
(i.e. wear resistance, wear resistance coefficient, wear index, mass wear index, mean specific abrasion
resistance) and the method of test to be used;
i) any requirements for resistance to cracking by deformation;
j) any requirements for fastness to light or ultraviolet radiation of coloured anodic oxidation coatings;
k) any requirements for light reflection properties, i.e. total reflectance, specular reflectance, specular gloss,
diffuse reflectance and image clarity;
l) any requirements for electric breakdown potential;
m) any requirements for the continuity of the anodic oxidation coating;
n) any requirements for the mass per unit area (surface density) of the coating.
Acceptable limits of variation of final surface finish as per d) above are identified preferably by agreed limit
samples.
Acceptable maximum limits of colour variation as per e) above are identified preferably by agreed limit
samples.
5 Tests
5.1 Sampling procedures
Sampling procedures shall be specified by the customer. Guidance on the choice of suitable sampling
procedures is given in ISO 2859-1.
5.2 Test pieces
Wherever practicable, test pieces shall be production components. However, if by agreement special test
pieces are prepared for convenience in referee or acceptance tests, they shall be produced in the same way
as the production components.
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
5.3 Acceptance tests
Acceptance tests shall be as specified by the customer.
5.4 Referee tests
In cases of dispute, the appropriate referee tests specified in this International Standard shall be used.
5.5 Production control tests
Tests for production control purposes shall be at the discretion of the anodizer.
6 Coating thickness
6.1 General
Anodic oxidation coatings are designated by their thickness class. The required thickness of a coating is of the
utmost importance and shall always be specified.
6.2 Classification
Anodic oxidation coatings are graded according to the minimum allowed value of the average thickness
(minimum average thickness) in micrometres. The thickness classes are designated by the letters “AA”,
followed by the thickness grade; typical thickness classes are given in Table 1.
For anodic oxidation coatings designed to impart particular surface properties, an average thickness higher
than typical may be selected, and additional intermediate values of average thickness may be specified if
necessary, but in no case shall the minimum local thickness be less than 80 % of the minimum average
thickness. The choice of thickness class will depend on relevant national standards.
Table 1 — Typical coating thickness classes
Minimum average thickness Minimum local thickness
Class
µm µm
AA 5 5,0 4
AA 10 10,0 8
AA 15 15,0 12
AA 20 20,0 16
AA 25 25,0 20
The interpretation of average and local thickness requirements on a piece being tested shall
be in accordance with Annex C.
For certain applications, such as those where resistance to corrosion is paramount, the anodizer and the
customer may agree to specify a minimum local thickness, with no restriction as to the average thickness.
The use of some dyestuffs necessitates the specification of class 20 or higher to obtain adequate dye
absorption and light fastness.
For anodized aluminium, the degree of protection against pitting corrosion of the aluminium increases with an
increase in coating thickness. Thus, product life time is very dependent on the coating thickness. Specifiers
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
should consider the full life cycle impact of the product, including the energy expenditure associated with
manufacture, in-service maintenance procedures and recycling.
6.3 Measurement of thickness
Thickness measurements shall be carried out by one or more of the following methods:
a) examination of cross-section using microscopy in accordance with ISO 1463;
b) eddy-current method in accordance with ISO 2360;
c) split-beam microscope method specified in ISO 2128.
When using method b), the measurement apparatus should be calibrated using the standard test panels
described in Annex D before any measuring is performed.
In cases of dispute, method a) shall be the referee method for coatings of thickness 5 µm and thicker. For
coatings of thickness less than 5 µm, the microscopical method cannot normally be used and a minimum
mass of coating per unit area, measured by the gravimetric method (see Clause 16), shall be agreed between
the interested parties.
Thickness measurements shall be made on the significant surfaces in accordance with Annex C, but no
measurements shall be made within 5 mm of the areas of anodic contact or in the immediate vicinity of a
sharp edge.
7 Quality of sealing
7.1 General
The quality of hydrothermal sealing is of great importance and sealing is always essential, whether specified
or not, except where an unsealed or cold sealed coating is expressly requested.
NOTE Anodic oxidation coatings sealed in dichromate solutions cannot be evaluated by the methods described in
7.2.2.1 and 7.2.2.2.
7.2 Assessment of quality of hydrothermal sealing
7.2.1 Referee test
In cases of dispute, the quality of hydrothermal sealing of anodic oxidation coatings shall be determined by the
test method specified in ISO 3210, which is the referee test. The necessity of prior acid treatment and
maximum accepted loss of mass shall be agreed between the anodizer and the customer.
The test should be carried out without prior acid treatment for internal architectural and decorative coatings,
and with prior acid treatment for external architectural coating.
For most applications, especially architectural, the maximum accepted loss of mass of anodic oxidation
2
coatings should not exceed 30 mg/dm .
7.2.2 Production control tests
7.2.2.1 Admittance measurement
Where required, admittance shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2931.
For anodic oxidation coatings sealed in steam or hot water, sealing should normally be considered to be
satisfactory if the corrected admittance value is less than 20 µS relative to a 20 µm coating.
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
ISO 7599:2010(E)
NOTE This value is sometimes difficult to achieve with dark electrolytically coloured coatings. Other values might
need to be agreed between the anodizer and the customer.
Where additives to hot water sealing baths affect the admittance values, the referee method (see 7.2.1)
should be used to determine the quality of sealing.
7.2.2.2 Estimation of loss of absorptive power of anodic oxidation coatings after sealing
Where required, loss of absorptive power shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2143.
Sealing is normally considered to be satisfactory if dye absorption ratings of 0,1 or 2 on the colour scale are
obtained.
Where additives to hot water sealing baths affect the dye absorption tests, the referee test (see 7.2.1) should
be used to determine the quality of sealing.
7.3 Assessment of quality of cold sealing
If hydrothermal sealing is not required, appropriate cold sealing processes based on nickel fluoride may be
specified. The quality of cold sealing is also very important, with the test methods to be used being those
specified in 7.2
...
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