SIST EN 302 099 V2.2.1:2021
(Main)Environmental Engineering (EE) - Powering of equipment in access network
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Powering of equipment in access network
The present document describes the principles for powering of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) in access
networks (both traditional copper based and Next Generation fibre and/or hybrid based) and contains requirements for
the powering systems, laying down:
• the characteristics of the input and output interfaces of the power units; the recommendations for TE power
protection, also regarding network integrity and public services availability requirements;
• the management data, necessary to guarantee the required availability of the network and provided public
services and to ensure the maintenance of the TE power units.
The present document takes into account the innovative characteristics of fibre-based access network equipment, for
which the intrinsic limitation of the local power plants should be considered regarding the equipment installed inside
telecom centre or local exchanges or installed in streets or inside buildings: it goes from "complete integration of the
power plant in the TE" to "remote power feeding from a distant power plant".
The present document provides detailed information in annex A on the improved reliability of public electric power grid
and on the improved reliability and availability of new fibre-based NGA network. It should be considered that, for street
cabinet TE, the local power scenario is common and, in that case, the main power supply availability characteristics are
mainly based on electrical energy provider's performance.
The present document applies to the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks)
located inside or outside telecommunications centres or local exchanges, differentiating the applicable and sustainable
power protection requirements. The access network is defined as the part of the telecommunications network, which
comprises the network termination (passive or active) that is installed inside customer premises and the first exchange
that can be also the broadband local exchange.
As innovative fibre-based and hybrid-based NGA network TE are changing the traditional powering paradigm, the
present document proposes the viable measures to comply with the integrity, availability and uninterrupted
telephone/VoIP provision that European regulatory defines for public networks [i.18].
The present document describes different configurations of powering the TE and the impacts on networks and services
continuity and reliability:
• Local power supply for TE (e.g. street cabinet, active network termination, etc.).
• Remote Feeding to TE from central office through copper access pair.
• Cluster Power supply feeding power for a cluster of TE.
• Remote power feeding to TE from centre or cluster power through a power cable.
• Back feeding or Reverse Powering architecture that can supply power to Access Network Units such as ONU
or ONT or remote DSL unit from the customer premises through its final distribution access copper pair.
Okoljski inženiring (EE) - Napajanje opreme v dostopovnem omrežju
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
EUROPEAN STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Powering of equipment in access network
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Reference
REN/EE-0257
Keywords
access, network, power supply, remote
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Powering configurations. 12
4.0 General . 12
4.1 Remote powering architectures . 14
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations . 14
4.1.2 Cluster powering architecture configurations . 15
4.2 Local powering architecture configurations . 17
4.2.1 TE of access network, common to several customers . 17
4.2.2 TE of access network, at customer premises . 18
4.2.3 TE in access network reverse powered from customer premises . 19
4.2.3.1 Reference configuration introduction . 19
4.2.3.2 Wiring and electrical limitation consideration . 19
4.2.3.3 Reverse power, voltage and current limits . 19
5 Effect of the technologies on the powering strategy . 19
5.0 General . 19
5.1 Powering strategy of family 1: metallic links . 21
5.2 Powering strategy of family 2: non-metallic links . 21
6 Requirements for local powering . 21
6.1 TE including the power plant . 21
6.2 TE powered by a DC voltage nominal -48 V or up to 400 VDC local power unit . 22
6.3 TE powered by a LPU with a DC voltage other than -48 V or up to 400 VDC . 22
6.4 TE powered by a nominal AC voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz local power unit . 22
7 Requirements for remote powering . 22
7.0 Remote powering solutions . 22
7.1 Input of the Remote Power Unit (RPU) . 22
7.2 Output characteristics of the Remote Powering system . 23
7.2.1 Remote powering output with a RFT-V circuit . 23
7.2.2 Remote powering output with a RFT-C circuit. 23
7.2.3 Remote powering output at up to 400 VDC . 23
7.2.3.0 General consideration on line electrical parameters and operation . 23
7.2.3.1 Steady state output voltage and current . 23
7.2.3.2 Transient state output voltage . 23
7.2.3.3 Architecture of RP distribution for reliable and safe operation management . 24
7.2.3.4 Requirements for stable and safe operation . 25
7.3 Input characteristics of remote power receiver . 25
7.3.1 RFT-V remote power receiver input in voltage mode . 25
7.3.2 RFT-C remote power receiver input in current mode . 25
7.3.3 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) input . 26
7.3.4 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) output . 26
8 Power source interruption management . 26
9 Power management . 27
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
10 Safety, EMC, protection . 29
10.1 Product Safety . 29
10.2 EMC . 30
10.3 Protection/resistibility . 30
10.4 Earthing and bonding of access network powering solutions . 30
10.5 Wiring requirements of remote power feeding to TE through power cable at up to 400 VDC voltage
mode . 31
10.5.1 Protection against electric shock . 31
10.5.2 Protection against fire . 32
10.5.3 Protection against physical damage . 32
11 Environmental conditions. 32
Annex A (informative): Statistical data on electrical power supply availability, from the Low
Voltage (LV) public grid (mains) in various European countries . 33
Annex B (informative): Battery sizing . 37
B.0 General rules . 37
B.1 back-up power . 38
B.2 Autonomy of the back-up . 38
B.3 Use of valve regulated lead acid battery. 39
B.4 Battery state of health test . 39
Annex C (informative): Comparative reliability approach of remote powering versus local
powering . 40
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 43
History . 44
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
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Foreword
This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE),
and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
6 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
1 Scope
The present document describes the principles for powering of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) in access
networks (both traditional copper based and Next Generation fibre and/or hybrid based) and contains requirements for
the powering systems, laying down:
• the characteristics of the input and output interfaces of the power units; the recommendations for TE power
protection, also regarding network integrity and public services availability requirements;
• the management data, necessary to guarantee the required availability of the network and provided public
services and to ensure the maintenance of the TE power units.
The present document takes into account the innovative characteristics of fibre-based access network equipment, for
which the intrinsic limitation of the local power plants should be considered regarding the equipment installed inside
telecom centre or local exchanges or installed in streets or inside buildings: it goes from "complete integration of the
power plant in the TE" to "remote power feeding from a distant power plant".
The present document provides detailed information in annex A on the improved reliability of public electric power grid
and on the improved reliability and availability of new fibre-based NGA network. It should be considered that, for street
cabinet TE, the local power scenario is common and, in that case, the main power supply availability characteristics are
mainly based on electrical energy provider's performance.
The present document applies to the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks)
located inside or outside telecommunications centres or local exchanges, differentiating the applicable and sustainable
power protection requirements. The access network is defined as the part of the telecommunications network, which
comprises the network termination (passive or active) that is installed inside customer premises and the first exchange
that can be also the broadband local exchange.
As innovative fibre-based and hybrid-based NGA network TE are changing the traditional powering paradigm, the
present document proposes the viable measures to comply with the integrity, availability and uninterrupted
telephone/VoIP provision that European regulatory defines for public networks [i.18].
The present document describes different configurations of powering the TE and the impacts on networks and services
continuity and reliability:
• Local power supply for TE (e.g. street cabinet, active network termination, etc.).
• Remote Feeding to TE from central office through copper access pair.
• Cluster Power supply feeding power for a cluster of TE.
• Remote power feeding to TE from centre or cluster power through a power cable.
• Back feeding or Reverse Powering architecture that can supply power to Access Network Units such as ONU
or ONT or remote DSL unit from the customer premises through its final distribution access copper pair.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[3] IEC 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 3:
Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[4] EN 60038: "CENELEC standard Voltages", (produced by CENELEC).
[5] EN 60664-1: "Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests", (produced by CENELEC).
[6] EN 50310: "Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information
technology equipment", (produced by CENELEC).
[7] ETSI EN 300 253: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of ICT equipment
powered by -48 VDC in telecom and data centres".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T K.35: "Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T K.45: "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the
access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents".
[10] ETSI ES 203 215: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Methods and Limits for Power
Consumption in Broadband Telecommunication Networks Equipment".
[11] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current
source or direct current source up to 400 V".
NOTE: A revision is on-going in ETSI and this document should become ETSI EN 300 132-3-1: "Direct current
source up to 400 V".
[12] ETSI ES 202 336-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 1: Generic Interface".
[13] ETSI TS 101 548-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); European
Requirements for Reverse Powering of Remote Access Equipment; Part 1: Twisted pair
networks".
[14] ETSI EN 301 605: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and
telecom (ICT) equipment".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (May 2012): "Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V
at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment".
[16] HD 60364 series: "Low Voltage electrical installations material", produced by CENELEC.
[17] ETSI ES 202 336-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 8: Remote Power Feeding System control and monitoring
information model".
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 019-1-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification of environmental
conditions; Storage".
[i.2] ETSI EN 300 019-1-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations".
[i.3] ETSI EN 300 019-1-4: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected locations".
[i.4] ETSI EN 300 019-1-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-8: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at underground locations".
[i.5] Void.
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] HD 60364-1: "Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions", produced by CENELEC.
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 999: "Safety; Remote Power Feeding Installations; Safety requirements for the
erection and operation of information technology installations with remote power feeding".
[i.9] ENISA: "Power Supply Dependencies in the Electronic Communications Sector Survey, analysis
and recommendations for resilience against power supply failures" - December 2013.
[i.10] CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators): "Benchmarking Report 5.2 on the Continuity of
Electricity Supply" - Ref: C14-EQS-62-03 (12 February 2015).
NOTE: Available at https://www.ceer.eu/documents/104400/-/-/cbc48e6a-5d5e-a170-ae1d-7b7b298d46a4.
th
[i.11] AEEGSI report 16 November 2015.
NOTE: Available at www.autorita.energia.it/allegati/com_stampa/15/151116cs.pdf.
[i.12] ETSI TS 103 553-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Innovative energy storage technology for
stationary use; Part 1: Overview".
[i.13] IEC EN 60950-21: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Remote power feeding".
[i.14] IEC EN 60950-22: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Equipment installed outdoors".
[i.15] IEC EN 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 3: Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[i.16] Recommendation ITU-T L.1001: "External universal power adapter solutions for stationary
information and communication technology devices".
[i.17] IEC EN 62368-1: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 1: Safety requirements".
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
[i.18] Directive 2002/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 as emended
by Directive 2009/136/EC of the European Parliament and of The Council of 25 November 2009,
in particular regarding the Article 23 provisions.
[i.19] ETSI EN 303 215 (V1.3.1) (2015-04): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement methods
and limits for power consumption in broadband telecommunication networks equipment".
[i.20] EN 60896-2: "Stationary lead-acid batteries - General requirements and methods of test -
Part 2: Valve regulated types", produced by CENELEC.
[i.21] TR 62102: "Electrical safety - Classification of interfaces for equipment to be connected to
information and communications technology networks", produced by CENELEC.
[i.22] Void.
[i.23] Recommendation ITU-T L.1220 (2017-08): "Innovative energy storage technology for stationary
use - Part 1: Overview of energy storage".
[i.24] EN 60950-1: "Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements",
produced by CENELEC.
[i.25] Recommendation ITU-T L.1202 (2015): "Methodologies for evaluating the performance of an up
to 400 VDC power feeding system and its environmental impact".
[i.26] ETSI ES 203 408 (V1.1.1) (2016-12): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Colour and marking of
DC cable and connecting devices".
[i.27] Broadband Forum TR-301.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document the following terms apply:
access network: part of a telecommunications network between the Network Termination/Access Gateway and the first
switching unit
backfeeding or reverse powering: powering architecture that can supply power to access network units from the
customer through its final distribution access copper pair
NOTE: Access network units may be ONU, ONT or remote DSL units.
centralized powering: remote powering in which the remote feeding source is located in a telecommunications centre
cluster powering: remote powering of a cluster of equipment (1 to n items of equipment), in which the remote feeding
source is located outside a telecommunications centre
electric energy provider: provider of electrical energy from the public grid (mains)
ES1, ES2, ES3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
interface A: -48 V power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other electrical
specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]
interface A1: up to 400 VAC rms power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1]
interface A3: up to 400 VDC power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range, and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Local Power Unit (LPU): power supply equipment whose function is to supply a telecommunication equipment
situated at the same location
NOTE: It is generally locally connected to the mains and provides DC or AC voltage output to feed
telecommunication equipment.
local powering: powering principle of a telecommunications equipment by a (dedicated) power unit implemented in the
same location
primary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
protective device selectivity: coordination of the operating characteristics of two or more protective devices to ensure
faulty equipment is safely disconnected with no or limited impact on other parts of the system
PS1, PS2, PS3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
Remote Feeding Telecommunication (RFT) circuit: secondary circuit within the equipment, intended to supply or
receive DC power via a telecommunication network at voltages equal to or exceeding the limits for TNV circuits, and
on which overvoltages from telecommunication networks are possible
Remote Power Unit (RPU): unit, powered by the grid or by a DC power system delivering -48 V or up to 400 VDC,
which supplies remote DC on power lines to distant Telecommunication Equipment (TE) e.g. radio unit or RPR
Remote Power Receiver (RPR): unit receiving remote DC from RPU though power lines and converting it to input
power interface of a TE or a radio unit
NOTE: The RPR may be an external unit with an adapted power interface (e.g. -48 V) or an integrated function of
a telecommunications equipment.
Remote Powering (RP): power feeding of a telecommunications equipment by a remote power circuit
NOTE: Such a circuit consists of a remote power unit, distribution wiring, and fed receivers.
RFT-C circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the currents in the circuit do not exceed defined values
RFT-V circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the voltages are limited and the accessible area of contact is limited
secondary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
SELV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TLC network and service provider: provider of telecommunications network services
TN-C: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TN-S: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TNV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TT: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
3.2 Symbols
I , I I , I I , I , power interface
1 2 3 4 5 6
L- Power line of negative potential polarity
L+ Power line of positive potential polarity
S Signal
S/P Filter separating signal S and power P
filter
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
A Autonomy of a battery
bat
AC Alternating Current
AN Access Node
ANU Access Network Unit
B Battery
CB Circuit Breaker
CO Central Office
CPE Customer's Premises Equipment
DC Direct Current
DC/DC Direct Current/Direct Current
NOTE: DC/DC are used in general in expression such as DC/DC converter or DC/DC conversion.
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
EC Energy Capacity of a battery
bat
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
FTTB Fibre To The Building
FTTC Fibre To The Curb
FTTCab Fibre To The Cabinet
FTTdP Fibre To The distribution Point
FTTH Fibre To The Home
HD Harmonization Document
ICT Information & Communication Technology
IEC International Electrical Committee
IT Information Technology
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPU Local Power Unit
LV Low Voltage
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
NGA Next Generation Access
ONT Optical Network Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
P Power
in some clauses to clarify which power P is used in
NOTE: Indices can be used associated with P as P
indice
formula.
PD Powered Device
PG Power Gathering
PM Powering Method
PSE Power Sourcing Equipment
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R Rectifier
RFT Remote Feeding Telecommunication
RFT-C Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Current
RFT-V Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Voltage
RP Remote Power
RPF Remote Power Feeding
RPR Remote Power Receiver
RPU Remote Power Unit
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage
TC Telecommunication Centre
TE Telecom Equipment
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12 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
TLC TeLecommuniCation
TNV Telecommunication Network Voltage
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VRLA Valve Regulated Lead Acid
Vrms Volt root mean square
4 Powering configurations
4.0 General
Next Generation Access (NGA) networks induce changes in the powering model and in the need of local back-up, when
compared to traditional access networks centre where the back-up is obtained by battery alone or with back-up
generator source (Diesel, fuel cell)
Both fixed and mobile NGA networks, usually, require local powering of access network active equipment that are
installed outside Central Offices and closer to the end users premises, Typical NGA scenarios are fiber-based FTTH,
hybrid FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdP and FTTB architectures.
The new local powering scenario of fibre-based or hybrid fibre/copper NGA networks of a public Telecom networks
and services provider, shall include back-up measures in order to ensure to comply with continuity, availability and
reliability requirements defined by European regulation [i.18]. But for FTTB, FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdP with the
increasing deployment of a great number of distributed active small cabinets, that can be installed inside buildings
(FTTB) or in the street (FTTC, FTTCab), the basic power supply backup autonomy has to be optimized, due to a large
number of small active cabinets to be installed at optimized costs and dimensions. Only when it's required for some
service offers, a long back-up autonomy is obtained by local battery extension or alternatively by remote powering
solution proposed to avoid local energy storage.
When a back-up is required, for defining its autonomy and its technology, the global availability and reliability of NGA
networks and the AC mains failure rate and availability are considered. In fact, AC mains statistical analysis have
shown in years 2000 to 2015 improvements of availability in many European countries. The NGA equipment
availability have also been improved compared to the traditional network technologies, as a result, the general
availability of access network is improved even with very limited or no local back-up (see annex A).
These considerations also apply to active Network Terminations like routers and/or VoIP access gateway installed and
powered inside end users' premises (or inside end users' building).
Electrical energy providers have responsibility for electricity continuity and performances are reported for example in
[i.10] and [i.11]. The failures and blackout risks apply to all energy customers included TLC providers. This influences
the main characteristic features of the different powering architectures of access network equipment including two very
important items:
• The point of connection to electric grid because the active TE of the NGA networks are changing in
location. In TLC site they are powered by TLC connection to grid. When distributed they can be remotely
DC powered from a TLC site connected to the grid. NGA equipment can also be local Network
Terminations and Access Gateway, e.g. CPE installed inside an end users' premises powered by himself or
at a short distance also powered by the customer by using a reverse powering solution.
• The responsibility and location for power back-up when it can be provided. The entity that is in charge can
be electrical energy providers, TLC network and service providers or end users. The location can be inside
big cabinet, Telecom Central Office, broadband local exchange etc. For NGA active street cabinets, in
particular in the case of a large number of small street cabinets, battery backup are not mandatory.
As a consequence the definition of the optimal powering and back-up of equipment of the access network needs to
consider three main parts:
1) the Telecommunication Centre (TC) including local exchange site (e.g. broadband access node);
2) the access network (the area between the Telecom Centre or local exchange and the Customer's Premises);
3) the Customer's Premises Equipment (CPE).
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13 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Powering architectures
Active equipment of access networks can be powered:
• remotely from a telecommunications centre (centralized powering);
• from a power supply node (cluster powering);
• locally from the mains (local powering);
• from renewable sources (PV, wind etc.).
NOTE: Any of the three main powering architectures preferably may be combined with renewable energy
sources, such as solar panels.
Inside these three main powering architectures, several configurations of powering are used. They are summarized in
the clauses from 4.1 to 4.2 and in the figures 1, 2 and 3 by the acronyms PM1 to PM 10 (for powering).
Power back-up
Today, innovative NGA networks are based on grid local powering and/or end users provided local powering (home
power or reverse powering solution) DC remote powering is used as an alternative to avoid local energy storage when
required.
The powering availability, continuity and reliability performance are in principle based on the performance that
electrical energy providers are able to assure, also complying with energy regulation requirements as big local battery
are not practicable and is not required. Considering this short back-up, in annex A, a medium availability and reliability
performance for NGA networks, including the grid power supply continuity statistical component, is illustrated: fibre-
based NGA networks have better reliability performance then traditional copper based networks, even including
electricity blackout condition component. Further improvement of the grid power supply continuity by electricity
providers could be appropriate also to better protect NGA equipment.
For service, which needs to provide an available service even in the case of a mains outage, a power back-up unit can be
located either in the remote power source or in the equipment powered.
For NGA networks cabinets, service providers may provide protection for grid power supply fluctuation, micro-
interruptions and short interruptions (e.g. of order of seconds or minutes).
Regarding power backup for big site (e.g. Central Office) or for local exchange site, clauses 4.1 to 4.2 detail the
different installation configurations.
Location of the Telecom Equipment (TE)
On the figures 1, 2 and 3 of the following clauses, the TE in access network is schematically represented in the field.
These figures mean that the TE can be implemented in different types of locations:
• in a customer's Premises;
• in a building, public or private;
• in an indoor cabinet;
• in a street cabinet;
• on a pole or tower or street lamp;
• in a telecommunications manhole, etc.
The TE provides services for several customers or for one professional customer.
On figure 3, the TE can be located at customer's Premises and provides services for only one private customer.
ETSI
14 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
Power interfaces locations
Example of power interface locations are illustrated in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3.
Seven power-feeding interfaces location (In) are mentioned in the following clauses. They are as follows:
I = Power interface between a -48 V/-60 V power plant and the fed equipment in a telecom centre. It shall comply
with the interface "A" according to ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2].
I = Power interface between the public mains (commercial AC) and the fed equipment. It shall comply with the
A1 voltage interface defined in in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
I = Power interface at the output of a source (Remote Power Unit (RPU) or TE) feeding a remote power line. It
shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface at the input of a distant Remote Power Receiver (RPR/TE), receiving energy from a remote
power line. It shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface between a local power unit and the fed equipment. It can be I or I or different e.g. 5 or 12V
4 0 5
for small power TE. When using 5 or 12V, the universal power adapter should be as defined in [i.16].
I = Power interface between the equipment in a telecom centre or (broadband) local exchange or in a cluster
powering site. It shall comply with one of the following interface:
- interface "A" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]; or
- interface "A3" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11].
I = Power Interface from the customer. Voltages up to a maximum magnitude permitted by
IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17] or IEC 62368-3 [3] can be used when transmitting power over telecom pair at
interface I .
4.1 Remote powering architectures
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations
The different power supply configurations are detailed in figure 1.
The output of the power source of a remote TE is defined at interface I .
It comes from a centralized TE (PM1a, PM2a) or from a specific remote power unit (RPU in PM1b, PM2b, PM3a,
PM3b). The remote power unit consists of protection and distribution devices and, possibly, power conversion
equipment.
The input of the TE or RPU can be the interface I (-48 V A interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]) or interface I
0 5
(up to 400 VDC A3 interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]). This uninterrupted power is generated from AC
Interface I1 located in the telecommunication centre defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
In some cases, the TE of the access network may be equipped with a battery providing additional power in periods of
heavy traffic (PM3). This battery is recharged by the remote power supply during periods of light traffic.
In PM3b, the RP line receiver function (RPR) is external to the radio unit.
In the case of up to 400VDC voltage mode RPU/RPR architecture, other architecture are possible with multiple RPU or
RPR on a line as detailed in clause 7.2.3.3.
ETSI
15 Draft ETSI EN 302 099 V2.1.30 (2020-10)
I5
I
Figure 1: Centralized powering configurations
4.1.2 Cluster powering architecture configurations
The different possible power supply configurations are detailed in figure 2. The remote power source, called Remote
Powering Unit (RPU), serves a group of distant telecommunications equipment, from 1 to n. The RPU is installed in a
location (building, outdoor cabinet, manhole, etc.) which is distinct from the centralized TE's building, access network
TE cabinet or access network TE manhole. The telecom service is backed up by batteries located either at the RPU
(remote powering with back-up at source, PM4) or in the telecommunications equipment (remote powering with local
back-up, PM5, PM5a, PM5b,PM5c,PM5d).
In PM5c and PM5d, the RP line receiver function (RPR) is external to the radio unit.
In the case of RPU/RPR architecture, other architecture are possible with multiple RPU or RPR on a line as detailed in
clause 7.
ETSI
---------------------- Page
...
EUROPEAN STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Powering of equipment in access network
2 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Reference
REN/EE-0257
Keywords
access, network, power supply, remote
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3 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Powering configurations. 12
4.0 General . 12
4.1 Remote powering architectures . 14
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations . 14
4.1.2 Cluster powering architecture configurations . 15
4.2 Local powering architecture configurations . 17
4.2.1 TE of access network, common to several customers . 17
4.2.2 TE of access network, at customer premises . 18
4.2.3 TE in access network reverse powered from customer premises . 19
4.2.3.1 Reference configuration introduction . 19
4.2.3.2 Wiring and electrical limitation consideration . 19
4.2.3.3 Reverse power, voltage and current limits . 19
5 Effect of the technologies on the powering strategy . 19
5.0 General . 19
5.1 Powering strategy of family 1: metallic links . 21
5.2 Powering strategy of family 2: non-metallic links . 21
6 Requirements for local powering . 21
6.1 TE including the power plant . 21
6.2 TE powered by a DC voltage nominal -48 V or up to 400 VDC local power unit . 22
6.3 TE powered by a LPU with a DC voltage other than -48 V or up to 400 VDC . 22
6.4 TE powered by a nominal AC voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz local power unit . 22
7 Requirements for remote powering . 22
7.0 Remote powering solutions . 22
7.1 Input of the Remote Power Unit (RPU) . 22
7.2 Output characteristics of the Remote Powering system . 23
7.2.1 Remote powering output with a RFT-V circuit . 23
7.2.2 Remote powering output with a RFT-C circuit. 23
7.2.3 Remote powering output at up to 400 VDC . 23
7.2.3.0 General consideration on line electrical parameters and operation . 23
7.2.3.1 Steady state output voltage and current . 23
7.2.3.2 Transient state output voltage . 23
7.2.3.3 Architecture of RP distribution for reliable and safe operation management . 24
7.2.3.4 Requirements for stable and safe operation . 25
7.3 Input characteristics of remote power receiver . 25
7.3.1 RFT-V remote power receiver input in voltage mode . 25
7.3.2 RFT-C remote power receiver input in current mode . 25
7.3.3 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) input . 26
7.3.4 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) output . 26
8 Power source interruption management . 26
9 Power management . 27
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4 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
10 Safety, EMC, protection . 29
10.1 Product Safety . 29
10.2 EMC . 30
10.3 Protection/resistibility . 30
10.4 Earthing and bonding of access network powering solutions . 30
10.5 Wiring requirements of remote power feeding to TE through power cable at up to 400 VDC voltage
mode . 31
10.5.1 Protection against electric shock . 31
10.5.2 Protection against fire . 31
10.5.3 Protection against physical damage . 32
11 Environmental conditions. 32
Annex A (informative): Statistical data on electrical power supply availability, from the Low
Voltage (LV) public grid (mains) in various European countries . 33
Annex B (informative): Battery sizing . 37
B.0 General rules . 37
B.1 back-up power . 38
B.2 Autonomy of the back-up . 38
B.3 Use of valve regulated lead acid battery. 39
B.4 Battery state of health test . 39
Annex C (informative): Comparative reliability approach of remote powering versus local
powering . 40
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 43
History . 44
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 28 January 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2021
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
1 Scope
The present document describes the principles for powering of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) in access
networks (both traditional copper based and Next Generation fibre and/or hybrid based) and contains requirements for
the powering systems, laying down:
• the characteristics of the input and output interfaces of the power units; the recommendations for TE power
protection, also regarding network integrity and public services availability requirements;
• the management data, necessary to guarantee the required availability of the network and provided public
services and to ensure the maintenance of the TE power units.
The present document takes into account the innovative characteristics of fibre-based access network equipment, for
which the intrinsic limitation of the local power plants should be considered regarding the equipment installed inside
telecom centre or local exchanges or installed in streets or inside buildings: it goes from "complete integration of the
power plant in the TE" to "remote power feeding from a distant power plant".
The present document provides detailed information in annex A on the improved reliability of public electric power grid
and on the improved reliability and availability of new fibre-based NGA network. It should be considered that, for street
cabinet TE, the local power scenario is common and, in that case, the main power supply availability characteristics are
mainly based on electrical energy provider's performance.
The present document applies to the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks)
located inside or outside telecommunications centres or local exchanges, differentiating the applicable and sustainable
power protection requirements. The access network is defined as the part of the telecommunications network, which
comprises the network termination (passive or active) that is installed inside customer premises and the first exchange
that can be also the broadband local exchange.
As innovative fibre-based and hybrid-based NGA network TE are changing the traditional powering paradigm, the
present document proposes the viable measures to comply with the integrity, availability and uninterrupted
telephone/VoIP provision that European regulatory defines for public networks [i.18].
The present document describes different configurations of powering the TE and the impacts on networks and services
continuity and reliability:
• Local power supply for TE (e.g. street cabinet, active network termination, etc.).
• Remote Feeding to TE from central office through copper access pair.
• Cluster Power supply feeding power for a cluster of TE.
• Remote power feeding to TE from centre or cluster power through a power cable.
• Back feeding or Reverse Powering architecture that can supply power to Access Network Units such as ONU
or ONT or remote DSL unit from the customer premises through its final distribution access copper pair.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[3] IEC 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 3:
Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[4] EN 60038: "CENELEC standard Voltages", (produced by CENELEC).
[5] EN 60664-1: "Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests", (produced by CENELEC).
[6] EN 50310: "Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information
technology equipment", (produced by CENELEC).
[7] ETSI EN 300 253: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of ICT equipment
powered by -48 VDC in telecom and data centres".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T K.35: "Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T K.45: "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the
access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents".
[10] ETSI ES 203 215: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Methods and Limits for Power
Consumption in Broadband Telecommunication Networks Equipment".
[11] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current
source or direct current source up to 400 V".
NOTE: A revision is on-going in ETSI and this document should become ETSI EN 300 132-3-1: "Direct current
source up to 400 V".
[12] ETSI ES 202 336-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 1: Generic Interface".
[13] ETSI TS 101 548-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); European
Requirements for Reverse Powering of Remote Access Equipment; Part 1: Twisted pair
networks".
[14] ETSI EN 301 605: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and
telecom (ICT) equipment".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (May 2012): "Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V
at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment".
[16] HD 60364 series: "Low Voltage electrical installations material", produced by CENELEC.
[17] ETSI ES 202 336-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 8: Remote Power Feeding System control and monitoring
information model".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 019-1-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification of environmental
conditions; Storage".
[i.2] ETSI EN 300 019-1-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations".
[i.3] ETSI EN 300 019-1-4: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected locations".
[i.4] ETSI EN 300 019-1-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-8: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at underground locations".
[i.5] Void.
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] HD 60364-1: "Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 999: "Safety; Remote Power Feeding Installations; Safety requirements for the
erection and operation of information technology installations with remote power feeding".
[i.9] ENISA: "Power Supply Dependencies in the Electronic Communications Sector Survey, analysis
and recommendations for resilience against power supply failures", December 2013.
[i.10] CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators): "Benchmarking Report 5.2 on the Continuity of
Electricity Supply" - Ref: C14-EQS-62-03 (12 February 2015).
NOTE: Available at https://www.ceer.eu/documents/104400/-/-/cbc48e6a-5d5e-a170-ae1d-7b7b298d46a4.
th
[i.11] AEEGSI report 16 November 2015.
NOTE: Available at www.autorita.energia.it/allegati/com_stampa/15/151116cs.pdf.
[i.12] ETSI TS 103 553-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Innovative energy storage technology for
stationary use; Part 1: Overview".
[i.13] IEC EN 60950-21: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Remote power feeding".
[i.14] IEC EN 60950-22: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Equipment installed outdoors".
[i.15] IEC EN 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 3: Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[i.16] Recommendation ITU-T L.1001: "External universal power adapter solutions for stationary
information and communication technology devices".
[i.17] IEC EN 62368-1: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 1: Safety requirements".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
[i.18] Directive 2002/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 as emended
by Directive 2009/136/EC of the European Parliament and of The Council of 25 November 2009,
in particular regarding the Article 23 provisions.
[i.19] ETSI EN 303 215 (V1.3.1) (2015-04): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement methods
and limits for power consumption in broadband telecommunication networks equipment".
[i.20] EN 60896-2: "Stationary lead-acid batteries - General requirements and methods of test -
Part 2: Valve regulated types", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.21] TR 62102: "Electrical safety - Classification of interfaces for equipment to be connected to
information and communications technology networks", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.22] Void.
[i.23] Recommendation ITU-T L.1220 (2017-08): "Innovative energy storage technology for stationary
use - Part 1: Overview of energy storage".
[i.24] EN 60950-1: "Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements",
(produced by CENELEC).
[i.25] Recommendation ITU-T L.1202 (2015): "Methodologies for evaluating the performance of an up
to 400 VDC power feeding system and its environmental impact".
[i.26] ETSI ES 203 408 (V1.1.1) (2016-12): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Colour and marking of
DC cable and connecting devices".
[i.27] Broadband Forum TR-301.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
access network: part of a telecommunications network between the Network Termination/Access Gateway and the first
switching unit
backfeeding or reverse powering: powering architecture that can supply power to access network units from the
customer through its final distribution access copper pair
NOTE: Access network units may be ONU, ONT or remote DSL units.
centralized powering: remote powering in which the remote feeding source is located in a telecommunications centre
cluster powering: remote powering of a cluster of equipment (1 to n items of equipment), in which the remote feeding
source is located outside a telecommunications centre
electric energy provider: provider of electrical energy from the public grid (mains)
ES1, ES2, ES3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
interface A: -48 V power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other electrical
specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]
interface A1: up to 400 VAC rms power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1]
interface A3: up to 400 VDC power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range, and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]
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10 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Local Power Unit (LPU): power supply equipment whose function is to supply a telecommunication equipment
situated at the same location
NOTE: It is generally locally connected to the mains and provides DC or AC voltage output to feed
telecommunication equipment.
local powering: powering principle of a telecommunications equipment by a (dedicated) power unit implemented in the
same location
primary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
protective device selectivity: coordination of the operating characteristics of two or more protective devices to ensure
faulty equipment is safely disconnected with no or limited impact on other parts of the system
PS1, PS2, PS3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
Remote Feeding Telecommunication (RFT) circuit: secondary circuit within the equipment, intended to supply or
receive DC power via a telecommunication network at voltages equal to or exceeding the limits for TNV circuits, and
on which overvoltages from telecommunication networks are possible
Remote Power Unit (RPU): unit, powered by the grid or by a DC power system delivering -48 V or up to 400 VDC,
which supplies remote DC on power lines to distant Telecommunication Equipment (TE) e.g. radio unit or RPR
Remote Power Receiver (RPR): unit receiving remote DC from RPU though power lines and converting it to input
power interface of a TE or a radio unit
NOTE: The RPR may be an external unit with an adapted power interface (e.g. -48 V) or an integrated function of
a telecommunications equipment.
Remote Powering (RP): power feeding of a telecommunications equipment by a remote power circuit
NOTE: Such a circuit consists of a remote power unit, distribution wiring, and fed receivers.
RFT-C circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the currents in the circuit do not exceed defined values
RFT-V circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the voltages are limited and the accessible area of contact is limited
secondary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
SELV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TLC network and service provider: provider of telecommunications network services
TN-C: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TN-S: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TNV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TT: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
I , I I , I I , I , power interface
1 2 3 4 5 6
L- Power line of negative potential polarity
L+ Power line of positive potential polarity
S Signal
S/P Filter separating signal S and power P
filter
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
A Autonomy of a battery
bat
AC Alternating Current
AN Access Node
ANU Access Network Unit
B Battery
CB Circuit Breaker
CO Central Office
CPE Customer's Premises Equipment
DC Direct Current
DC/DC Direct Current/Direct Current
NOTE: DC/DC are used in general in expression such as DC/DC converter or DC/DC conversion.
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Module
EC Energy Capacity of a battery
bat
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
FTTB Fibre To The Building
FTTC Fibre To The Curb
FTTCab Fibre To The Cabinet
FTTdp Fibre To The distribution point
FTTH Fibre To The Home
HD Harmonization Document
HTA Home Terminal Adaptor
ICT Information & Communication Technology
IEC International Electrical Committee
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
IT Information Technology
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPU Local Power Unit
LV Low Voltage
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MP Mid-Point
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
NGA Next Generation Access
ONT Optical Network Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
P Power
NOTE: Indices can be used associated with P as P in some clauses to clarify which power P is used in
indice
formula.
PD Powered Device
PG Power Gathering
PM Powering Method
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PSE Power Sourcing Equipment
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
R Rectifier
RFT Remote Feeding Telecommunication
RFT-C Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Current
RFT-V Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Voltage
RP Remote Power
RPF Remote Power Feeding
RPR Remote Power Receiver
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
RPU Remote Power Unit
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage
S/P Signal/Power
TC Telecommunication Centre
TE Telecom Equipment
TLC TeLecommuniCation
TNV Telecommunication Network Voltage
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VRLA Valve Regulated Lead Acid
Vrms Volt root mean square
4 Powering configurations
4.0 General
Next Generation Access (NGA) networks induce changes in the powering model and in the need of local back-up, when
compared to traditional access networks centre where the back-up is obtained by battery alone or with back-up
generator source (Diesel, fuel cell).
Both fixed and mobile NGA networks, usually, require local powering of access network active equipment that are
installed outside Central Offices and closer to the end users premises, Typical NGA scenarios are fiber-based FTTH,
hybrid FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdp and FTTB architectures.
The new local powering scenario of fibre-based or hybrid fibre/copper NGA networks of a public Telecom networks
and services provider, shall include back-up measures in order to ensure to comply with continuity, availability and
reliability requirements defined by European regulation [i.18]. But for FTTB, FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdp with the
increasing deployment of a great number of distributed active small cabinets, that can be installed inside buildings
(FTTB) or in the street (FTTC, FTTCab), the basic power supply backup autonomy has to be optimized, due to a large
number of small active cabinets to be installed at optimized costs and dimensions. Only when it's required for some
service offers, a long back-up autonomy is obtained by local battery extension or alternatively by remote powering
solution proposed to avoid local energy storage.
When a back-up is required, for defining its autonomy and its technology, the global availability and reliability of NGA
networks and the AC mains failure rate and availability are considered. In fact, AC mains statistical analysis have
shown in years 2000 to 2015 improvements of availability in many European countries. The NGA equipment
availability have also been improved compared to the traditional network technologies, as a result, the general
availability of access network is improved even with very limited or no local back-up (see annex A).
These considerations also apply to active Network Terminations like routers and/or VoIP access gateway installed and
powered inside end users' premises (or inside end users' building).
Electrical energy providers have responsibility for electricity continuity and performances are reported for example in
[i.10] and [i.11]. The failures and blackout risks apply to all energy customers included TLC providers. This influences
the main characteristic features of the different powering architectures of access network equipment including two very
important items:
• The point of connection to electric grid because the active TE of the NGA networks are changing in
location. In TLC site they are powered by TLC connection to grid. When distributed they can be remotely
DC powered from a TLC site connected to the grid. NGA equipment can also be local Network
Terminations and Access Gateway, e.g. CPE installed inside an end users' premises powered by himself or
at a short distance also powered by the customer by using a reverse powering solution.
• The responsibility and location for power back-up when it can be provided. The entity that is in charge can
be electrical energy providers, TLC network and service providers or end users. The location can be inside
big cabinet, Telecom Central Office, broadband local exchange etc. For NGA active street cabinets, in
particular in the case of a large number of small street cabinets, battery backup are not mandatory.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
As a consequence the definition of the optimal powering and back-up of equipment of the access network needs to
consider three main parts:
1) the Telecommunication Centre (TC) including local exchange site (e.g. broadband access node);
2) the access network (the area between the Telecom Centre or local exchange and the Customer's Premises);
3) the Customer's Premises Equipment (CPE).
Powering architectures
Active equipment of access networks can be powered:
• remotely from a telecommunications centre (centralized powering);
• from a power supply node (cluster powering);
• locally from the mains (local powering);
• from renewable sources (PV, wind, etc.).
NOTE: Any of the three main powering architectures preferably may be combined with renewable energy
sources, such as solar panels.
Inside these three main powering architectures, several configurations of powering are used. They are summarized in
the clauses from 4.1 to 4.2 and in the figures 1, 2 and 3 by the acronyms PM1 to PM 10 (for powering).
Power back-up
Today, innovative NGA networks are based on grid local powering and/or end users provided local powering (home
power or reverse powering solution) DC remote powering is used as an alternative to avoid local energy storage when
required.
The powering availability, continuity and reliability performance are in principle based on the performance that
electrical energy providers are able to assure, also complying with energy regulation requirements as big local battery
are not practicable and is not required. Considering this short back-up, in annex A, a medium availability and reliability
performance for NGA networks, including the grid power supply continuity statistical component, is illustrated: fibre-
based NGA networks have better reliability performance then traditional copper based networks, even including
electricity blackout condition component. Further improvement of the grid power supply continuity by electricity
providers could be appropriate also to better protect NGA equipment.
For service, which needs to provide an available service even in the case of a mains outage, a power back-up unit can be
located either in the remote power source or in the equipment powered.
For NGA networks cabinets, service providers may provide protection for grid power supply fluctuation, micro-
interruptions and short interruptions (e.g. of order of seconds or minutes).
Regarding power backup for big site (e.g. Central Office) or for local exchange site, clauses 4.1 to 4.2 detail the
different installation configurations.
Location of the Telecom Equipment (TE)
On the figures 1, 2 and 3 of the following clauses, the TE in access network is schematically represented in the field.
These figures mean that the TE can be implemented in different types of locations:
• in a customer's Premises;
• in a building, public or private;
• in an indoor cabinet;
• in a street cabinet;
• on a pole or tower or street lamp;
• in a telecommunications manhole, etc.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
The TE provides services for several customers or for one professional customer.
On figure 3, the TE can be located at customer's Premises and provides services for only one private customer.
Power interfaces locations
Example of power interface locations are illustrated in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3.
Seven power-feeding interfaces location (In) are mentioned in the following clauses. They are as follows:
I = Power interface between a -48 V/-60 V power plant and the fed equipment in a telecom centre. It shall comply
with the interface "A" according to ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2].
I = Power interface between the public mains (commercial AC) and the fed equipment. It shall comply with the
A1 voltage interface defined in in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
I = Power interface at the output of a source (Remote Power Unit (RPU) or TE) feeding a remote power line. It
shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface at the input of a distant Remote Power Receiver (RPR/TE), receiving energy from a remote
power line. It shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface between a local power unit and the fed equipment. It can be I or I or different e.g. 5 or 12V
4 0 5
for small power TE. When using 5 or 12V, the universal power adapter should be as defined in [i.16].
I = Power interface between the equipment in a telecom centre or (broadband) local exchange or in a cluster
powering site. It shall comply with one of the following interface:
- interface "A" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]; or
- interface "A3" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11].
I = Power Interface from the customer. Voltages up to a maximum magnitude permitted by
IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17] or IEC 62368-3 [3] can be used when transmitting power over telecom pair at
interface I .
4.1 Remote powering architectures
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations
The different power supply configurations are detailed in figure 1.
The output of the power source of a remote TE is defined at interface I .
It comes from a centralized TE (PM1a, PM2a) or from a specific remote power unit (RPU in PM1b, PM2b, PM3a,
PM3b). The remote power unit consists of protection and distribution devices and, possibly, power conversion
equipment.
The input of the TE or RPU can be the interface I (-48 V A interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]) or interface I
0 5
(up to 400 VDC A3 interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]). This uninterrupted power is generated from AC
Interface I1 located in the telecommunication centre defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
In some cases, the TE of the access network may be equipped with a battery providing additional power in periods of
heavy traffic (PM3). This battery is recharged by the remote power supply during periods of light traffic.
In PM3b, the RP line receiver function (RPR) is external to the radio unit.
In the case of up to 400VDC voltage mode RPU/RPR architecture, other architecture are possible with multiple RPU or
RPR on a line as detailed in clause 7.2.3.3.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
I5
I
Figure 1: Centralized powering configurations
4.1.2 Cluster powering architecture configurations
The different possible power supply configurations are detailed in figure 2. The remote power source, called Remote
Powering Unit (RPU), serves a group of distant telecommunications equipment, from 1 to n. The RPU is installed in a
location (building, outdoor cabinet, manhole, etc.) which is distinct from the centralized TE's building, access network
TE cabinet or access network TE manhole. The telecom service is backed up by batteries located either at the RPU
(remote powering with back-up at source, PM4) or in the telecommunications equipment (remote powering with local
back-up, PM5, PM5a, PM5b,PM5c,PM5d).
In PM5c and PM5d, the RP line receiver function (RPR) is external to the radio unit.
In the case of RPU/RPR architecture, other architecture are possible with multiple RPU or RPR on a line as deta
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2021
Okoljski inženiring (EE) - Napajanje opreme v dostopovnem omrežju
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Powering of equipment in access network
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
33.050.01 Telekomunikacijska Telecommunication terminal
terminalska oprema na equipment in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Powering of equipment in access network
2 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Reference
REN/EE-0257
Keywords
access, network, power supply, remote
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3 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Powering configurations. 12
4.0 General . 12
4.1 Remote powering architectures . 14
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations . 14
4.1.2 Cluster powering architecture configurations . 15
4.2 Local powering architecture configurations . 17
4.2.1 TE of access network, common to several customers . 17
4.2.2 TE of access network, at customer premises . 18
4.2.3 TE in access network reverse powered from customer premises . 19
4.2.3.1 Reference configuration introduction . 19
4.2.3.2 Wiring and electrical limitation consideration . 19
4.2.3.3 Reverse power, voltage and current limits . 19
5 Effect of the technologies on the powering strategy . 19
5.0 General . 19
5.1 Powering strategy of family 1: metallic links . 21
5.2 Powering strategy of family 2: non-metallic links . 21
6 Requirements for local powering . 21
6.1 TE including the power plant . 21
6.2 TE powered by a DC voltage nominal -48 V or up to 400 VDC local power unit . 22
6.3 TE powered by a LPU with a DC voltage other than -48 V or up to 400 VDC . 22
6.4 TE powered by a nominal AC voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz local power unit . 22
7 Requirements for remote powering . 22
7.0 Remote powering solutions . 22
7.1 Input of the Remote Power Unit (RPU) . 22
7.2 Output characteristics of the Remote Powering system . 23
7.2.1 Remote powering output with a RFT-V circuit . 23
7.2.2 Remote powering output with a RFT-C circuit. 23
7.2.3 Remote powering output at up to 400 VDC . 23
7.2.3.0 General consideration on line electrical parameters and operation . 23
7.2.3.1 Steady state output voltage and current . 23
7.2.3.2 Transient state output voltage . 23
7.2.3.3 Architecture of RP distribution for reliable and safe operation management . 24
7.2.3.4 Requirements for stable and safe operation . 25
7.3 Input characteristics of remote power receiver . 25
7.3.1 RFT-V remote power receiver input in voltage mode . 25
7.3.2 RFT-C remote power receiver input in current mode . 25
7.3.3 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) input . 26
7.3.4 Remote Power Receiver (RPR) output . 26
8 Power source interruption management . 26
9 Power management . 27
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
10 Safety, EMC, protection . 29
10.1 Product Safety . 29
10.2 EMC . 30
10.3 Protection/resistibility . 30
10.4 Earthing and bonding of access network powering solutions . 30
10.5 Wiring requirements of remote power feeding to TE through power cable at up to 400 VDC voltage
mode . 31
10.5.1 Protection against electric shock . 31
10.5.2 Protection against fire . 31
10.5.3 Protection against physical damage . 32
11 Environmental conditions. 32
Annex A (informative): Statistical data on electrical power supply availability, from the Low
Voltage (LV) public grid (mains) in various European countries . 33
Annex B (informative): Battery sizing . 37
B.0 General rules . 37
B.1 back-up power . 38
B.2 Autonomy of the back-up . 38
B.3 Use of valve regulated lead acid battery. 39
B.4 Battery state of health test . 39
Annex C (informative): Comparative reliability approach of remote powering versus local
powering . 40
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 43
History . 44
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 28 January 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2021
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
1 Scope
The present document describes the principles for powering of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) in access
networks (both traditional copper based and Next Generation fibre and/or hybrid based) and contains requirements for
the powering systems, laying down:
• the characteristics of the input and output interfaces of the power units; the recommendations for TE power
protection, also regarding network integrity and public services availability requirements;
• the management data, necessary to guarantee the required availability of the network and provided public
services and to ensure the maintenance of the TE power units.
The present document takes into account the innovative characteristics of fibre-based access network equipment, for
which the intrinsic limitation of the local power plants should be considered regarding the equipment installed inside
telecom centre or local exchanges or installed in streets or inside buildings: it goes from "complete integration of the
power plant in the TE" to "remote power feeding from a distant power plant".
The present document provides detailed information in annex A on the improved reliability of public electric power grid
and on the improved reliability and availability of new fibre-based NGA network. It should be considered that, for street
cabinet TE, the local power scenario is common and, in that case, the main power supply availability characteristics are
mainly based on electrical energy provider's performance.
The present document applies to the powering of all equipment of the access network (copper, fibre or radio networks)
located inside or outside telecommunications centres or local exchanges, differentiating the applicable and sustainable
power protection requirements. The access network is defined as the part of the telecommunications network, which
comprises the network termination (passive or active) that is installed inside customer premises and the first exchange
that can be also the broadband local exchange.
As innovative fibre-based and hybrid-based NGA network TE are changing the traditional powering paradigm, the
present document proposes the viable measures to comply with the integrity, availability and uninterrupted
telephone/VoIP provision that European regulatory defines for public networks [i.18].
The present document describes different configurations of powering the TE and the impacts on networks and services
continuity and reliability:
• Local power supply for TE (e.g. street cabinet, active network termination, etc.).
• Remote Feeding to TE from central office through copper access pair.
• Cluster Power supply feeding power for a cluster of TE.
• Remote power feeding to TE from centre or cluster power through a power cable.
• Back feeding or Reverse Powering architecture that can supply power to Access Network Units such as ONU
or ONT or remote DSL unit from the customer premises through its final distribution access copper pair.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[3] IEC 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 3:
Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[4] EN 60038: "CENELEC standard Voltages", (produced by CENELEC).
[5] EN 60664-1: "Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests", (produced by CENELEC).
[6] EN 50310: "Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information
technology equipment", (produced by CENELEC).
[7] ETSI EN 300 253: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of ICT equipment
powered by -48 VDC in telecom and data centres".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T K.35: "Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T K.45: "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the
access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents".
[10] ETSI ES 203 215: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Methods and Limits for Power
Consumption in Broadband Telecommunication Networks Equipment".
[11] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current
source or direct current source up to 400 V".
NOTE: A revision is on-going in ETSI and this document should become ETSI EN 300 132-3-1: "Direct current
source up to 400 V".
[12] ETSI ES 202 336-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 1: Generic Interface".
[13] ETSI TS 101 548-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); European
Requirements for Reverse Powering of Remote Access Equipment; Part 1: Twisted pair
networks".
[14] ETSI EN 301 605: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and
telecom (ICT) equipment".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (May 2012): "Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V
at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment".
[16] HD 60364 series: "Low Voltage electrical installations material", produced by CENELEC.
[17] ETSI ES 202 336-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for
Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in
Telecommunication Networks); Part 8: Remote Power Feeding System control and monitoring
information model".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 019-1-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification of environmental
conditions; Storage".
[i.2] ETSI EN 300 019-1-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations".
[i.3] ETSI EN 300 019-1-4: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected locations".
[i.4] ETSI EN 300 019-1-8: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-8: Classification of environmental
conditions; Stationary use at underground locations".
[i.5] Void.
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] HD 60364-1: "Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 999: "Safety; Remote Power Feeding Installations; Safety requirements for the
erection and operation of information technology installations with remote power feeding".
[i.9] ENISA: "Power Supply Dependencies in the Electronic Communications Sector Survey, analysis
and recommendations for resilience against power supply failures", December 2013.
[i.10] CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators): "Benchmarking Report 5.2 on the Continuity of
Electricity Supply" - Ref: C14-EQS-62-03 (12 February 2015).
NOTE: Available at https://www.ceer.eu/documents/104400/-/-/cbc48e6a-5d5e-a170-ae1d-7b7b298d46a4.
th
[i.11] AEEGSI report 16 November 2015.
NOTE: Available at www.autorita.energia.it/allegati/com_stampa/15/151116cs.pdf.
[i.12] ETSI TS 103 553-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Innovative energy storage technology for
stationary use; Part 1: Overview".
[i.13] IEC EN 60950-21: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Remote power feeding".
[i.14] IEC EN 60950-22: "Information technology equipment. Safety. Equipment installed outdoors".
[i.15] IEC EN 62368-3: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 3: Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports".
[i.16] Recommendation ITU-T L.1001: "External universal power adapter solutions for stationary
information and communication technology devices".
[i.17] IEC EN 62368-1: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 1: Safety requirements".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
[i.18] Directive 2002/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 as emended
by Directive 2009/136/EC of the European Parliament and of The Council of 25 November 2009,
in particular regarding the Article 23 provisions.
[i.19] ETSI EN 303 215 (V1.3.1) (2015-04): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement methods
and limits for power consumption in broadband telecommunication networks equipment".
[i.20] EN 60896-2: "Stationary lead-acid batteries - General requirements and methods of test -
Part 2: Valve regulated types", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.21] TR 62102: "Electrical safety - Classification of interfaces for equipment to be connected to
information and communications technology networks", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.22] Void.
[i.23] Recommendation ITU-T L.1220 (2017-08): "Innovative energy storage technology for stationary
use - Part 1: Overview of energy storage".
[i.24] EN 60950-1: "Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements",
(produced by CENELEC).
[i.25] Recommendation ITU-T L.1202 (2015): "Methodologies for evaluating the performance of an up
to 400 VDC power feeding system and its environmental impact".
[i.26] ETSI ES 203 408 (V1.1.1) (2016-12): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Colour and marking of
DC cable and connecting devices".
[i.27] Broadband Forum TR-301.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
access network: part of a telecommunications network between the Network Termination/Access Gateway and the first
switching unit
backfeeding or reverse powering: powering architecture that can supply power to access network units from the
customer through its final distribution access copper pair
NOTE: Access network units may be ONU, ONT or remote DSL units.
centralized powering: remote powering in which the remote feeding source is located in a telecommunications centre
cluster powering: remote powering of a cluster of equipment (1 to n items of equipment), in which the remote feeding
source is located outside a telecommunications centre
electric energy provider: provider of electrical energy from the public grid (mains)
ES1, ES2, ES3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
interface A: -48 V power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other electrical
specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]
interface A1: up to 400 VAC rms power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1]
interface A3: up to 400 VDC power interface at input of Telecom/ICT equipment with voltage range, and other
electrical specifications defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]
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10 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
Local Power Unit (LPU): power supply equipment whose function is to supply a telecommunication equipment
situated at the same location
NOTE: It is generally locally connected to the mains and provides DC or AC voltage output to feed
telecommunication equipment.
local powering: powering principle of a telecommunications equipment by a (dedicated) power unit implemented in the
same location
primary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
protective device selectivity: coordination of the operating characteristics of two or more protective devices to ensure
faulty equipment is safely disconnected with no or limited impact on other parts of the system
PS1, PS2, PS3: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
Remote Feeding Telecommunication (RFT) circuit: secondary circuit within the equipment, intended to supply or
receive DC power via a telecommunication network at voltages equal to or exceeding the limits for TNV circuits, and
on which overvoltages from telecommunication networks are possible
Remote Power Unit (RPU): unit, powered by the grid or by a DC power system delivering -48 V or up to 400 VDC,
which supplies remote DC on power lines to distant Telecommunication Equipment (TE) e.g. radio unit or RPR
Remote Power Receiver (RPR): unit receiving remote DC from RPU though power lines and converting it to input
power interface of a TE or a radio unit
NOTE: The RPR may be an external unit with an adapted power interface (e.g. -48 V) or an integrated function of
a telecommunications equipment.
Remote Powering (RP): power feeding of a telecommunications equipment by a remote power circuit
NOTE: Such a circuit consists of a remote power unit, distribution wiring, and fed receivers.
RFT-C circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the currents in the circuit do not exceed defined values
RFT-V circuit: RFT circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions and single fault
conditions the voltages are limited and the accessible area of contact is limited
secondary circuit: See IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17].
SELV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TLC network and service provider: provider of telecommunications network services
TN-C: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TN-S: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
TNV circuit: See EN 60950-1 [i.24].
TT: See HD 60364-1 [i.7].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
I , I I , I I , I , power interface
1 2 3 4 5 6
L- Power line of negative potential polarity
L+ Power line of positive potential polarity
S Signal
S/P Filter separating signal S and power P
filter
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11 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
A Autonomy of a battery
bat
AC Alternating Current
AN Access Node
ANU Access Network Unit
B Battery
CB Circuit Breaker
CO Central Office
CPE Customer's Premises Equipment
DC Direct Current
DC/DC Direct Current/Direct Current
NOTE: DC/DC are used in general in expression such as DC/DC converter or DC/DC conversion.
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Module
EC Energy Capacity of a battery
bat
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
FTTB Fibre To The Building
FTTC Fibre To The Curb
FTTCab Fibre To The Cabinet
FTTdp Fibre To The distribution point
FTTH Fibre To The Home
HD Harmonization Document
HTA Home Terminal Adaptor
ICT Information & Communication Technology
IEC International Electrical Committee
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
IT Information Technology
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPU Local Power Unit
LV Low Voltage
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MP Mid-Point
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
NGA Next Generation Access
ONT Optical Network Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
P Power
NOTE: Indices can be used associated with P as P in some clauses to clarify which power P is used in
indice
formula.
PD Powered Device
PG Power Gathering
PM Powering Method
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PSE Power Sourcing Equipment
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
R Rectifier
RFT Remote Feeding Telecommunication
RFT-C Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Current
RFT-V Remote Feeding Telecommunication-Voltage
RP Remote Power
RPF Remote Power Feeding
RPR Remote Power Receiver
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12 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
RPU Remote Power Unit
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage
S/P Signal/Power
TC Telecommunication Centre
TE Telecom Equipment
TLC TeLecommuniCation
TNV Telecommunication Network Voltage
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VRLA Valve Regulated Lead Acid
Vrms Volt root mean square
4 Powering configurations
4.0 General
Next Generation Access (NGA) networks induce changes in the powering model and in the need of local back-up, when
compared to traditional access networks centre where the back-up is obtained by battery alone or with back-up
generator source (Diesel, fuel cell).
Both fixed and mobile NGA networks, usually, require local powering of access network active equipment that are
installed outside Central Offices and closer to the end users premises, Typical NGA scenarios are fiber-based FTTH,
hybrid FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdp and FTTB architectures.
The new local powering scenario of fibre-based or hybrid fibre/copper NGA networks of a public Telecom networks
and services provider, shall include back-up measures in order to ensure to comply with continuity, availability and
reliability requirements defined by European regulation [i.18]. But for FTTB, FTTC/FTTCab, FTTdp with the
increasing deployment of a great number of distributed active small cabinets, that can be installed inside buildings
(FTTB) or in the street (FTTC, FTTCab), the basic power supply backup autonomy has to be optimized, due to a large
number of small active cabinets to be installed at optimized costs and dimensions. Only when it's required for some
service offers, a long back-up autonomy is obtained by local battery extension or alternatively by remote powering
solution proposed to avoid local energy storage.
When a back-up is required, for defining its autonomy and its technology, the global availability and reliability of NGA
networks and the AC mains failure rate and availability are considered. In fact, AC mains statistical analysis have
shown in years 2000 to 2015 improvements of availability in many European countries. The NGA equipment
availability have also been improved compared to the traditional network technologies, as a result, the general
availability of access network is improved even with very limited or no local back-up (see annex A).
These considerations also apply to active Network Terminations like routers and/or VoIP access gateway installed and
powered inside end users' premises (or inside end users' building).
Electrical energy providers have responsibility for electricity continuity and performances are reported for example in
[i.10] and [i.11]. The failures and blackout risks apply to all energy customers included TLC providers. This influences
the main characteristic features of the different powering architectures of access network equipment including two very
important items:
• The point of connection to electric grid because the active TE of the NGA networks are changing in
location. In TLC site they are powered by TLC connection to grid. When distributed they can be remotely
DC powered from a TLC site connected to the grid. NGA equipment can also be local Network
Terminations and Access Gateway, e.g. CPE installed inside an end users' premises powered by himself or
at a short distance also powered by the customer by using a reverse powering solution.
• The responsibility and location for power back-up when it can be provided. The entity that is in charge can
be electrical energy providers, TLC network and service providers or end users. The location can be inside
big cabinet, Telecom Central Office, broadband local exchange etc. For NGA active street cabinets, in
particular in the case of a large number of small street cabinets, battery backup are not mandatory.
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13 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
As a consequence the definition of the optimal powering and back-up of equipment of the access network needs to
consider three main parts:
1) the Telecommunication Centre (TC) including local exchange site (e.g. broadband access node);
2) the access network (the area between the Telecom Centre or local exchange and the Customer's Premises);
3) the Customer's Premises Equipment (CPE).
Powering architectures
Active equipment of access networks can be powered:
• remotely from a telecommunications centre (centralized powering);
• from a power supply node (cluster powering);
• locally from the mains (local powering);
• from renewable sources (PV, wind, etc.).
NOTE: Any of the three main powering architectures preferably may be combined with renewable energy
sources, such as solar panels.
Inside these three main powering architectures, several configurations of powering are used. They are summarized in
the clauses from 4.1 to 4.2 and in the figures 1, 2 and 3 by the acronyms PM1 to PM 10 (for powering).
Power back-up
Today, innovative NGA networks are based on grid local powering and/or end users provided local powering (home
power or reverse powering solution) DC remote powering is used as an alternative to avoid local energy storage when
required.
The powering availability, continuity and reliability performance are in principle based on the performance that
electrical energy providers are able to assure, also complying with energy regulation requirements as big local battery
are not practicable and is not required. Considering this short back-up, in annex A, a medium availability and reliability
performance for NGA networks, including the grid power supply continuity statistical component, is illustrated: fibre-
based NGA networks have better reliability performance then traditional copper based networks, even including
electricity blackout condition component. Further improvement of the grid power supply continuity by electricity
providers could be appropriate also to better protect NGA equipment.
For service, which needs to provide an available service even in the case of a mains outage, a power back-up unit can be
located either in the remote power source or in the equipment powered.
For NGA networks cabinets, service providers may provide protection for grid power supply fluctuation, micro-
interruptions and short interruptions (e.g. of order of seconds or minutes).
Regarding power backup for big site (e.g. Central Office) or for local exchange site, clauses 4.1 to 4.2 detail the
different installation configurations.
Location of the Telecom Equipment (TE)
On the figures 1, 2 and 3 of the following clauses, the TE in access network is schematically represented in the field.
These figures mean that the TE can be implemented in different types of locations:
• in a customer's Premises;
• in a building, public or private;
• in an indoor cabinet;
• in a street cabinet;
• on a pole or tower or street lamp;
• in a telecommunications manhole, etc.
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14 ETSI EN 302 099 V2.2.1 (2021-02)
The TE provides services for several customers or for one professional customer.
On figure 3, the TE can be located at customer's Premises and provides services for only one private customer.
Power interfaces locations
Example of power interface locations are illustrated in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3.
Seven power-feeding interfaces location (In) are mentioned in the following clauses. They are as follows:
I = Power interface between a -48 V/-60 V power plant and the fed equipment in a telecom centre. It shall comply
with the interface "A" according to ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2].
I = Power interface between the public mains (commercial AC) and the fed equipment. It shall comply with the
A1 voltage interface defined in in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
I = Power interface at the output of a source (Remote Power Unit (RPU) or TE) feeding a remote power line. It
shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface at the input of a distant Remote Power Receiver (RPR/TE), receiving energy from a remote
power line. It shall comply with clause 7.
I = Power interface between a local power unit and the fed equipment. It can be I or I or different e.g. 5 or 12V
4 0 5
for small power TE. When using 5 or 12V, the universal power adapter should be as defined in [i.16].
I = Power interface between the equipment in a telecom centre or (broadband) local exchange or in a cluster
powering site. It shall comply with one of the following interface:
- interface "A" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]; or
- interface "A3" standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11].
I = Power Interface from the customer. Voltages up to a maximum magnitude permitted by
IEC EN 62368-1 [i.17] or IEC 62368-3 [3] can be used when transmitting power over telecom pair at
interface I .
4.1 Remote powering architectures
4.1.1 Centralized powering architecture configurations
The different power supply configurations are detailed in figure 1.
The output of the power source of a remote TE is defined at interface I .
It comes from a centralized TE (PM1a, PM2a) or from a specific remote power unit (RPU in PM1b, PM2b, PM3a,
PM3b). The remote power unit consists of protection and distribution devices and, possibly, power conversion
equipment.
The input of the TE or RPU can be the interface I (-48 V A interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [2]) or interface I
0 5
(up to 400 VDC A3 interface defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3 [11]). This uninterrupted power is generated from AC
Interface I1 located in the telecommunication centre defined in ETSI EN 300 132-1 [1].
In some cases, the TE of the access network may be equipped with a battery providing additional power in periods of
heavy traffic (PM3). This battery is recharged by the remote power supply during periods of light traffic.
In PM3b, the RP line receiver function (RPR) is external to the radio unit.
In the case of up to 400VDC voltage mode RPU/RPR architecture, othe
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