SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
(Main)Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009)
Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009)
This part of ISO 6892 specifies the method for tensile testing of metallic materials and defines the mechanical properties which can be determined at room temperature.
Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuch - Prüfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 6892-1:2009)
In dieser Internationalen Norm ist der Zugversuch für metallische Werkstoffe festgelegt. Es sind die mechanischen Eigenschaftswerte, die mit dem Versuch bei Raumtemperatur bestimmt werden können, definiert.
Matériaux métalliques - Essais de traction - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai à température ambiante (ISO 6892-1:2009)
L'ISO 6892-1:2009 spécifie la méthode d'essai de traction des matériaux métalliques et définit les caractéristiques mécaniques qui peuvent être déterminées à température ambiante.
Kovinski materiali - Natezni preskus - 1. del: Metoda preskušanja pri sobni temperaturi (ISO 6892-1:2009)
Ta del ISO 6892 določa metodo za natezni preskus kovinskih materialov in opredeljuje mehanske lastnosti, ki se lahko določajo pri sobni temperaturi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
01-marec-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 10002-1:2002
Kovinski materiali - Natezni preskus - 1. del: Metoda preskušanja pri sobni
temperaturi (ISO 6892-1:2009)
Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO
6892-1:2009)
Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuch - Prüfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 6892-
1:2009)
Matériaux métalliques - Essais de traction - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai à température
ambiante (ISO 6892-1:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6892-1:2009
ICS:
77.040.10 Mehansko preskušanje kovin Mechanical testing of metals
SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 6892-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2009
ICS 77.040.10 Supersedes EN 10002-1:2001
English Version
Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009)
Matériaux métalliques - Essai de traction - Partie 1: Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuch - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren
Méthode d'essai à température ambiante (ISO 6892- bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 6892-1:2009)
1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6892-1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
EN ISO 6892-1:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
EN ISO 6892-1:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 6892-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 "Mechanical
testing of metals" in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 “Tensile testing” the secretariat of
which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 10002-1:2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6892-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 6892-1:2009 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6892-1
First edition
2009-08-15
Metallic materials — Tensile testing —
Part 1:
Method of test at room temperature
Matériaux métalliques — Essai de traction —
Partie 1: Méthode d'essai à température ambiante
Reference number
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Terms and symbols.7
5 Principle.8
6 Test piece .8
7 Determination of original cross-sectional area.10
8 Marking the original gauge length.10
9 Accuracy of testing apparatus.11
10 Conditions of testing.11
11 Determination of the upper yield strength.15
12 Determination of the lower yield strength .15
13 Determination of proof strength, plastic extension.15
14 Determination of proof strength, total extension.16
15 Method of verification of permanent set strength .16
16 Determination of the percentage yield point extension .16
17 Determination of the percentage plastic extension at maximum force.16
18 Determination of the percentage total extension at maximum force.17
19 Determination of the percentage total extension at fracture.17
20 Determination of percentage elongation after fracture .18
21 Determination of percentage reduction of area .18
22 Test report.19
23 Measurement uncertainty.19
Annex A (informative) Recommendations concerning the use of computer-controlled tensile
testing machines .33
Annex B (normative) Types of test pieces to be used for thin products: sheets, strips and flats
between 0,1 mm and 3 mm thick .39
Annex C (normative) Types of test pieces to be used for wire, bars and sections with a diameter
or thickness of less than 4 mm.42
Annex D (normative) Types of test pieces to be used for sheets and flats of thickness equal to or
greater than 3 mm, and wire, bars and sections of diameter or thickness equal to or
greater than 4 mm .43
Annex E (normative) Types of test pieces to be used for tubes.47
Annex F (informative) Estimation of the crosshead separation rate in consideration of
the stiffness (or compliance) of the testing machine .49
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Annex G (informative) Measuring the percentage elongation after fracture if the specified value is
less than 5 % .50
Annex H (informative) Measurement of percentage elongation after fracture based on subdivision
of the original gauge length.51
Annex I (informative) Determination of the percentage plastic elongation without necking, A , for
wn
long products such as bars, wire and rods .53
Annex J (informative) Estimation of the uncertainty of measurement.54
Annex K (informative) Precision of tensile testing — Results from interlaboratory programmes.58
Bibliography .63
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6892-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee
SC 1, Uniaxial testing.
This first edition of ISO 6892-1 cancels and replaces ISO 6892:1998.
ISO 6892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials — Tensile testing:
⎯ Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
⎯ Part 3: Method of test at low temperature
The following part is planned:
⎯ Part 4: Method of test in liquid helium
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Introduction
During discussions concerning the speed of testing in the preparation of ISO 6892:1998, it was decided to
recommend the use of strain rate control in future revisions.
In this part of ISO 6892, there are two methods of testing speeds available. The first, method A, is based on
strain rates (including crosshead separation rate) and the second, method B, is based on stress rates. Method
A is intended to minimize the variation of the test rates during the moment when strain rate sensitive
parameters are determined and to minimize the measurement uncertainty of the test results.
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Metallic materials — Tensile testing —
Part 1:
Method of test at room temperature
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6892 specifies the method for tensile testing of metallic materials and defines the mechanical
properties which can be determined at room temperature.
NOTE Annex A indicates complementary recommendations for computer controlled testing machines.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 377, Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical
testing
ISO 2566-1, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels
ISO 2566-2, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 2: Austenitic steels
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
gauge length
L
length of the parallel portion of the test piece on which elongation is measured at any moment during the test
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.1.1
original gauge length
L
o
length between gauge length (3.1) marks on the piece measured at room temperature before the test
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
3.1.2
final gauge length after rupture
final gauge length after fracture
L
u
length between gauge length (3.1) marks on the test piece measured after rupture, at room temperature, the
two pieces having been carefully fitted back together so that their axes lie in a straight line
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
3.2
parallel length
L
c
length of the parallel reduced section of the test piece
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
NOTE The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept of distance between grips for unmachined test
pieces.
3.3
elongation
increase in the original gauge length (3.1.1) at any moment during the test
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
3.4
percentage elongation
elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length, L (3.1.1)
o
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.4.1
percentage permanent elongation
increase in the original gauge length (3.1.1) of a test piece after removal of a specified stress, expressed as
a percentage of the original gauge length, L
o
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.4.2
percentage elongation after fracture
A
permanent elongation of the gauge length after fracture, (L − L ), expressed as a percentage of the original
u o
gauge length, L
o
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
1)
NOTE For proportional test pieces, if the original gauge length is not equivalent to 5,65 S where S is the
o o
original cross-sectional area of the parallel length, the symbol A should be supplemented by a subscript indicating the
coefficient of proportionality used, e.g. A indicates a percentage elongation of the gauge length, L , of
11,3 o
AS= 11,3
11,3 o
For non-proportional test pieces (see Annex B), the symbol A should be supplemented by a subscript indicating the
original gauge length used, expressed in millimetres, e.g. A indicates a percentage elongation of a gauge length, L ,
80 mm o
of 80 mm.
1) 5,65SS=π5 (4 / ) .
oo
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
3.5
extensometer gauge length
L
e
initial extensometer gauge length used for measurement of extension by means of an extensometer
[3]
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
NOTE 2 For measurement of yield and proof strength parameters, L should span as much of the parallel length of the
e
test piece as possible. Ideally, as a minimum, L should be greater than 0,50L but less than approximately 0,9L . This
e o c
should ensure that the extensometer detects all yielding events that occur in the test piece. Further, for measurement of
parameters “at” or “after reaching” maximum force, L should be approximately equal to L .
e o
3.6
extension
increase in the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5), at any moment during the test
e
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.6.1
percentage extension
“strain”
extension expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
3.6.2
percentage permanent extension
increase in the extensometer gauge length, after removal of a specified stress from the test piece, expressed
as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.6.3
percentage yield point extension
A
e
in discontinuous yielding materials, the extension between the start of yielding and the start of uniform
workhardening, expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
See Figure 7.
3.6.4
percentage total extension at maximum force
A
gt
total extension (elastic extension plus plastic extension) at maximum force, expressed as a percentage of the
extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
See Figure 1.
3.6.5
percentage plastic extension at maximum force
A
g
plastic extension at maximum force, expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
See Figure 1.
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
3.6.6
percentage total extension at fracture
A
t
total extension (elastic extension plus plastic extension) at the moment of fracture, expressed as a percentage
of the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
See Figure 1.
3.7 Testing rate
3.7.1
strain rate
e
L
e
increase of strain, measured with an extensometer, in extensometer gauge length, L (3.5), per time
e
NOTE See 3.5.
3.7.2
estimated strain rate over the parallel length
e
L
c
L (3.2), of the test piece per time based on the
value of the increase of strain over the parallel length,
c
crosshead separation rate (3.7.3) and the parallel length of the test piece
3.7.3
crosshead separation rate
v
c
displacement of the crossheads per time
3.7.4
stress rate
R
increase of stress per time
NOTE Stress rate should only be used in the elastic part of the test (method B).
3.8
percentage reduction of area
Z
maximum change in cross-sectional area which has occurred during the test, (S − S ), expressed as a
o u
percentage of the original cross-sectional area, S :
o
SS−
ou
Z=× 100
S
o
3.9 Maximum force
NOTE For materials which display discontinuous yielding, but where no workhardening can be established, F is not
m
defined in this part of ISO 6892 [see footnote to Figure 8 c)].
3.9.1
maximum force
F
m
〈materials displaying no discontinuous yielding〉 highest force that the test piece withstands during the test
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
3.9.2
maximum force
F
m
〈materials displaying discontinuous yielding〉 highest force that the test piece withstands during the test after
the beginning of workhardening
NOTE See Figure 8 a) and b).
3.10
stress
at any moment during the test, force divided by the original cross-sectional area, S , of the test piece
o
[3]
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
NOTE 2 All references to stress in this part of ISO 6892 are to engineering stress.
NOTE 3 In what follows, the designations “force” and “stress” or “extension”, “percentage extension” and “strain”,
respectively, are used on various occasions (as figure axis labels or in explanations for the determination of different
properties). However, for a general description or definition of a well-defined point on a curve, the designations “force” and
“stress” or “extension”, “percentage extension” and “strain”, respectively, are interchangeable.
3.10.1
tensile strength
R
m
stress corresponding to the maximum force, F (3.9)
m
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
3.10.2
yield strength
when the metallic material exhibits a yield phenomenon, stress corresponding to the point reached during the
test at which plastic deformation occurs without any increase in the force
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
3.10.2.1
upper yield strength
R
eH
maximum value of stress (3.10) prior to the first decrease in force
[3]
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
See Figure 2.
3.10.2.2
lower yield strength
R
eL
lowest value of stress (3.10) during plastic yielding, ignoring any initial transient effects
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
See Figure 2.
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
3.10.3
proof strength, plastic extension
R
p
stress at which the plastic extension is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length, L
e
(3.5)
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005, “proof strength, non-proportional extension”.
NOTE 2 A suffix is added to the subscript to indicate the prescribed percentage, e.g. R .
p0,2
See Figure 3.
3.10.4
proof strength, total extension
R
t
stress at which total extension (elastic extension plus plastic extension) is equal to a specified percentage of
the extensometer gauge length, L (3.5)
e
[3]
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/TR 25679:2005 .
NOTE 2 A suffix is added to the subscript to indicate the prescribed percentage, e.g. R .
t0,5
See Figure 4.
3.10.5
permanent set strength
R
r
stress at which, after removal of force, a specified permanent elongation or extension, expressed respectively
as a percentage of original gauge length, L (3.1.1), or extensometer gauge length, L (3.5), has not been
o e
exceeded
[3]
[ISO/TR 25679:2005 ]
See Figure 5.
NOTE A suffix is added to the subscript to indicate the specified percentage of the original gauge length, L , or of the
o
extensometer gauge length, L , e.g. R .
e r0,2
3.11
fracture
phenomenon which is deemed to occur when total separation of the test piece occurs
NOTE Criteria for fracture which may be used for computer controlled tests are given in Figure A.2.
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
4 Terms and symbols
The symbols used in this part of ISO 6892 and corresponding designations are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols and designations
Symbol Unit Designation
Test piece
a
a , T mm original thickness of a flat test piece or wall thickness of a tube
o
original width of the parallel length of a flat test piece or average width of the longitudinal
b mm
o
strip taken from a tube or width of flat wire
original diameter of the parallel length of a circular test piece, or diameter of round wire or
d mm
o
internal diameter of a tube
D mm original external diameter of a tube
o
L mm original gauge length
o
L′ mm initial gauge length for determination of A (see Annex I)
wn
o
L mm parallel length
c
L mm extensometer gauge length
e
L mm total length of test piece
t
L mm final gauge length after fracture
u
L′ mm final gauge length after fracture for determination of A (see Annex I)
wn
u
2
S mm original cross-sectional area of the parallel length
o
2
S mm minimum cross-sectional area after fracture
u
k — coefficient of proportionality (see 6.1.1)
Z % percentage reduction of area
Elongation
A % percentage elongation after fracture (see 3.4.2)
A % percentage plastic elongation without necking (see Annex I)
wn
Extension
A % percentage yield point extension
e
A % percentage plastic extension at maximum force, F
g m
A % percentage total extension at maximum force, F
gt m
A % percentage total extension at fracture
t
∆L mm extension at maximum force
m
∆L mm extension at fracture
f
Rates
−1
e
s strain rate
L
e
e −1
estimated strain rate over the parallel length
s
L
c
−1
R MPa s stress rate
−1
v mm s crosshead separation rate
c
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SIST EN ISO 6892-1:2010
ISO 6892-1:2009(E)
Table 1 — Symbols and designations (continued)
Symbol Unit Designation
Force
F N maximum force
m
Yield strength — Proof strength — Tensile strength
b
E MPa modulus of elasticity
m MPa slope of the stress-percentage extension curve at a given moment of the test
c
m MPa slope of the elastic part of the stress-percentage extension curve
E
R MPa upper yield strength
eH
MPa
R lower yield strength
eL
MPa
R tensile strength
m
MPa
R proof strength, plastic extension
p
MPa
R specified permanent set strength
r
MPa
R proof strength, total extension
t
a
Symbol used in steel tube product standards.
b −2
1 MPa = 1 N mm .
c
In the elastic part of the stress-percentage extension curve, the value of the slope may not necessarily represent the modulus of
elasticity. This value can closely agree with the value of the modulus of elasticity if optimal conditions (high resolution, double sided,
averaging extensometers, perfect alignment of the test piece, etc.) are used.
CAUTION — The factor 100 is necessary if percentage values are used.
5 Principle
The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the determination of one or
more of the mechanical properties defined in Clause 3.
The test is carried out at room temperature between 10 °C and 35 °C, unless otherwise specified. Tests
carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C.
6 Test piece
6.1 Shape and dimensions
6.1.1 General
The shape and dimensions of the test pieces may be constrained by the shape and dimensions of the metallic
product from w
...
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