SIST ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1:2017
(Main)Environmental Engineering (EE) - Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment - Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment - Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
• WiMAXTM (informative only).
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption. Within the
present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power and energy consumption
figure for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations are covered in the present document [12].
Okoljski inženiring (EE) - Metrika in metoda merjenja energijske učinkovitosti opreme brezžičnega dostopovnega omrežja - 1. del: Poraba energije - Statična merilna metoda
Ta različica dokumenta zajema naslednje tehnologije radijskega dostopa:
• GSM;
• WCDMA;
• LTE;
• WiMAXTM (samo informativno).
Metodologija, opisana v tem dokumentu, se uporablja za merjenje porabe statične energije bazne postaje. V tem dokumentu jo imenujemo statične meritve.
Rezultati na podlagi »statičnih« meritev porabe energije bazne postaje zagotavljajo številsko vrednost moči in porabe energije bazne postaje pri statični obremenitvi.
Poraba energije terminalske opreme (opreme končnih uporabnikov) ne spada na področje uporabe tega dokumenta. Namen tega dokumenta ni določiti ciljne vrednosti za porabo energije. Rezultate naj bi uporabljali le za ocenjevanje in primerjanje moči ter porabe energije baznih postaj. V tem dokumentu [12] so zajete bazne postaje prostranega in srednjega dosega.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency of
wireless access network equipment
Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
2 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
Reference
RES/EE-EEPS27
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
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TM
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of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 10
5.0 Introduction . 10
5.1 Reference configurations . 10
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.0 Introduction. 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.0 Introduction . 14
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption . 14
6.1.0 Introduction. 14
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement . 15
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 15
6.1.2.0 Introduction . 15
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations . 16
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode . 16
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations (including multi-band carrier
aggregation like LTE-A) . 16
6.1.4.0 Introduction . 16
6.1.4.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 17
6.1.4.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 17
6.1.4.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 18
6.1.5 Power consumption measurement of LTE-TDD base stations . 18
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 18
6.1.5.1 TDD specific parameters . 18
6.1.5.2 TDD BS configuration . 18
6.1.5.3 Uplink/downlink ratio . 18
6.2 Uncertainty . 18
7 Calculation results . 19
7.1 Load level duration . 19
7.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 19
7.3 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 19
8 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (normative): Test Reports shall be. 21
A.1 General information to be reported . 21
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4 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
A.2 Static power consumption report . 22
Annex B: Void . 24
Annex C: Void . 25
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 26
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 28
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 29
Annex G: Void . 33
Annex H: Void . 34
Annex I (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 35
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 36
J.0 Introduction . 36
J.1 General requirements . 36
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 37
J.2.0 Introduction . 37
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 38
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 38
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 38
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 38
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 38
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 38
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 39
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 39
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 41
Annex L: Void . 43
Annex M: Void . 44
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 45
Annex O (informative): Interpolation method . 47
Annex P (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
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5 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE),
and is now submitted for the ETSI standards Membership Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
Part 2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
The standard ETSI ES 202 706 defines methods to analyse the power consumption and energy efficiency of base
stations in static mode and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document defines the static measurement method for the evaluation of base station power and energy
consumption:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI ES 202 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the base station.
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6 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
1 Scope
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
TM
(informative only).
• WiMAX
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption. Within the
present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power and energy consumption
figure for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations are covered in the present document [12].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
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7 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface
for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
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8 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
rated output power: rated output power of the base station is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in
single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at
the antenna connector during the transmitter ON period according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm according to
ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
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9 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CA Carrier Aggregation
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution advanced
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
Primary cell
Pcell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRAT Rated output power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
Scell Secondary cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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10 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Time Transmit Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS
power consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (clause 6).
3) Calculate daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC) ( [i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
TM
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, WiMAX )
in the corresponding annexes (annexes D to G).
These configurations include compact and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
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11 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in R99 and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing"
shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO)).
Integrated Base Station
Antennas
An
A2
RF unit A1
Power
Pi
Signal Processing
Transmission
Transmission
T
Figure 1: Integrated BS model
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12 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
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13 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power: ±0,4 dB.
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used. Examples: a typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration; another BS configuration might be designed for dual or single sector applications and
therefore be tested in the configuration of its intended configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration. Additional
power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS.
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes D, E, F.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA and LTE, shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
For the power consumption measurements the environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined
as follows.
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements.
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14 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
5.2.4 Power supply
For measurements of the BS power consumption the following operating voltage value shall be used (for non-standard
power supply voltages one should use operating voltage with ±2,5 % tolerances).
Nominal value and operating value shall be according for AC testing to CENELEC EN 50160 [3] and DC testing to
ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4].
The frequency of the power supply corresponding to the AC mains shall be according to CENELEC EN 50160 [3].
6 Static power consumption measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption test: full load (PFL), busy hour (PBH), medium load (Pmed)
and low load (Plow). They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes D, E and F. In case of
a distributed BS architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central unit and radio unit
separately.
NOTE: Other load levels may be occasionally of interest and may be addressed using the method described in
annex P.
Power Savings features implemented independently within BS can be used during testing. In that case, test control unit
is allowed to activate and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the method to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in figure 3.
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15 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement
NOTE: BS as defined in figure 2 (Integrated BS) or figure 3 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.
Figure 3: Test set-up for power consumption measurements (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
port and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes D, E and F.
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure
6.1.2.0 Introduction
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements according to clause 5.2.3.
Measurement results shall be captured earliest when the equipment including the selected load is in stable operating
conditions. The RMS value of the DC current and DC voltage shall be used for the calculation of the DC power
consumption. The RF output powers as well as the corresponding power consumptions of the BS shall be measured
with respect to the RF output power levels which are needed to fulfil the requirements from the reference networks as
well as the traffic profiles described in annexes D, E and F.
The RF output power signal and levels shall be generated according to the test models described in annexes D, E and F.
The test models as well as the system depended load levels are defined in annexes D, E and F.
The reference point for the RF output measurements is the antenna connector of the BS.
The RF output power and corresponding input power consumption shall be measured at the lower, mid and upper edge
of the relevant radio band for the low load case. For medium load and busy hour load measurement shall be taken only
at middle frequency channel. For the evaluation the single values as well as the arithmetic average of these three
measurements (only for low load) shall be stated in the measurement report (table A.3). The arithmetic average shall be
taken for BS reference power consumption evaluation.
ETSI
16 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
The measurement duration of each load level shall be sufficient to acquire a stable and representative power result. If
the power consumption is fluctuating the measured power shall be averaged over a sufficiently long time span to
achieve a stable and representative result.
NOTE: The measurement duration is not related to the time duration used in the calculation of average
power/energy consumption defined in (new) clause 7.
The measurements shall be performed for every antenna which is carrying downlink antenna carrier(s). The measured
RF output power values shall be listed in the measurement report for every antenna.
The power consumption of the BS as well as the RF output power shall be given in watts. in accordance with the
accuracies and the resolutions given in clause 5.2.
The measurement expanded uncertainty shall be assessed according to annex J.
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations
For configurations with multiple transmitters operating on the same frequency (MIMO) each transmitter shall transmit
the same load as described in the corresponding annex. All RX of the configuration shall be powered on during the
measurement.
EXAMPLES:
1) LTE 2×2 MIMO: The load model described in Annex F is transmitted by both transmitters.
2) LTE 4×4 MIMO: The load model described in Annex F is transmitted by all four transmitters.
3) LTE 8×8 MIMO: The load model described in Annex F is transmitted by all eight transmitters.
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode
Several frequency bands can be used with different cellular network generations. This clause defines power
consumption test configurations for simultaneous operation of different cellular standards within one frequency band.
RF sharing combinations depend on the considered frequency band. The following three basic test cases have been
defined to demonstrate the RF sharing test method and corresponding results shall be provided for appropriate base
stations:
900 MHz: GSM 222 + WCDMA 111
1 800 MHz: GSM 222 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
2 100 MHz : WCDMA 111 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
The test cases are combinations of test cases specified for GSM, WCDMA or LTE according to annexes D, E and F.
The reference parameters for above test cases are given in annex I.
NOTE: Similar test cases can be applied to other frequency bands and configurations according to the capability
of the BS under test.
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations
(including multi-band carrier aggregation like LTE-A)
6.1.4.0 Introduction
This clause outlines multi-band power consumption test configurations. A multi-band base station is a configuration
which allows simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency bands and the different bands are managed
jointly (for example a GSM 900/1 800 multiband BS with one BCCH to manage both bands simultaneously). A
multi-band configuration can be created for different applications:
ETSI
17 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.0 (2016-10)
1) The same technology is used on two independent frequency bands (for example GSM 900 MHz + GSM
1 800 MHz) but with a common control channel.
2) Two different technologies are used on two independent frequency bands (example GSM 900 MHz +
WCDMA 1 800 MHz). In the case of both technologies are operating on the same frequency band (GSM
900 MHz + WCDMA 900 MHz) clause 6.3.3 shall be applied.
3) Mul
...
ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment;
Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
2 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Reference
RES/EE-EEPS27
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
ETSI
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TM
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ETSI
3 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 10
5.0 Introduction . 10
5.1 Reference configurations . 10
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.0 Introduction. 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.0 Introduction . 14
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption . 14
6.1.0 Introduction. 14
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement . 15
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 15
6.1.2.0 Introduction . 15
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations . 16
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode . 16
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations (including multi-band carrier
aggregation like LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.0 Introduction . 17
6.1.4.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 17
6.1.4.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 17
6.1.4.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 18
6.1.5 Power consumption measurement of LTE-TDD base stations . 18
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 18
6.1.5.1 TDD specific parameters . 18
6.1.5.2 TDD BS configuration . 18
6.1.5.3 Uplink/downlink ratio . 18
6.2 Uncertainty . 18
7 Calculation results . 19
7.1 Load level duration . 19
7.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 19
7.3 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 19
8 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 21
A.0 Introduction . 21
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4 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
A.1 General information to be reported . 21
A.2 Static power consumption report . 22
Annex B: Void . 24
Annex C: Void . 25
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 26
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 28
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 29
Annex G: Void . 33
Annex H: Void . 34
Annex I (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 35
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 36
J.0 Introduction . 36
J.1 General requirements . 36
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 37
J.2.0 Introduction . 37
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 38
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 38
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 38
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 38
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 38
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 38
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 39
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 39
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 41
Annex L: Void . 43
Annex M: Void . 44
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 45
Annex O (informative): Interpolation method . 47
Annex P (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
5 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
Part 2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
The standard ETSI ES 202 706 defines methods to analyse the power consumption and energy efficiency of base
stations in static mode and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document defines the static measurement method for the evaluation of base station power and energy
consumption:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI ES 202 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the base station.
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6 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
TM
(informative only).
• WiMAX
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption. Within the
present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power and energy consumption
figure for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations are covered in the present document [12].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface
for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
ETSI
8 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
rated output power: rated output power of the base station is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in
single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at
the antenna connector during the transmitter ON period according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm according to
ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
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9 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CA Carrier Aggregation
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution advanced
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
Primary cell
Pcell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRAT Rated output power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
Scell Secondary cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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10 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Time Transmit Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS
power consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (clause 6).
3) Calculate daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC) ([i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
TM
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, WiMAX )
in the corresponding annexes (annexes D to G).
These configurations include compact and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
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11 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in R99 and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing"
shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO)).
Figure 1: Integrated BS model
ETSI
12 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
ETSI
13 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power: ±0,4 dB.
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used. Examples: a typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration; another BS configuration might be designed for dual or single sector applications and
therefore be tested in the configuration of its intended configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration. Additional
power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS.
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes D, E, F.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA and LTE, shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
For the power consumption measurements the environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined
as follows.
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements.
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14 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
5.2.4 Power supply
For measurements of the BS power consumption the following operating voltage value shall be used (for non-standard
power supply voltages one should use operating voltage with ±2,5 % tolerances).
Nominal value and operating value shall be according for AC testing to CENELEC EN 50160 [3] and DC testing to
ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4].
The frequency of the power supply corresponding to the AC mains shall be according to CENELEC EN 50160 [3].
6 Static power consumption measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption test: full load (PFL), busy hour (PBH), medium load (Pmed)
and low load (Plow). They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes D, E and F. In case of
a distributed BS architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central unit and radio unit
separately.
NOTE: Other load levels may be occasionally of interest and may be addressed using the method described in
annex O.
Power Savings features implemented independently within BS can be used during testing. In that case, test control unit
is allowed to activate and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the method to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in figure 3.
ETSI
15 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement
NOTE: BS as defined in figure 2 (Integrated BS) or figure 3 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.
Figure 3: Test set-up for power consumption measurements (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
port and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes D, E and F.
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure
6.1.2.0 Introduction
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements according to clause 5.2.3.
Measurement results shall be captured earliest when the equipment including the selected load is in stable operating
conditions. The RMS value of the DC current and DC voltage shall be used for the calculation of the DC power
consumption. The RF output powers as well as the corresponding power consumptions of the BS shall be measured
with respect to the RF output power levels which are needed to fulfil the requirements from the reference networks as
well as the traffic profiles described in annexes D, E and F.
The RF output power signal and levels shall be generated according to the test models described in annexes D, E and F.
The test models as well as the system depended load levels are defined in annexes D, E and F.
The reference point for the RF output measurements is the antenna connector of the BS.
The RF output power and corresponding input power consumption shall be measured at the lower, mid and upper edge
of the relevant radio band for the low load case. For medium load and busy hour load measurement shall be taken only
at middle frequency channel. For the evaluation the single values as well as the arithmetic average of these three
measurements (only for low load) shall be stated in the measurement report (table A.3). The arithmetic average shall be
taken for BS reference power consumption evaluation.
ETSI
16 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
The measurement duration of each load level shall be sufficient to acquire a stable and representative power result. If
the power consumption is fluctuating the measured power shall be averaged over a sufficiently long time span to
achieve a stable and representative result.
NOTE: The measurement duration is not related to the time duration used in the calculation of average
power/energy consumption defined in (new) clause 7.
The measurements shall be performed for every antenna which is carrying downlink antenna carrier(s). The measured
RF output power values shall be listed in the measurement report for every antenna.
The power consumption of the BS as well as the RF output power shall be given in watts. in accordance with the
accuracies and the resolutions given in clause 5.2.
The measurement expanded uncertainty shall be assessed according to annex J.
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations
For configurations with multiple transmitters operating on the same frequency (MIMO) each transmitter shall transmit
the same load as described in the corresponding annex. All RX of the configuration shall be powered on during the
measurement.
EXAMPLES:
1) LTE 2×2 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by both transmitters.
2) LTE 4×4 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all four transmitters.
3) LTE 8×8 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all eight transmitters.
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode
Several frequency bands can be used with different cellular network generations. This clause defines power
consumption test configurations for simultaneous operation of different cellular standards within one frequency band.
RF sharing combinations depend on the considered frequency band. The following three basic test cases have been
defined to demonstrate the RF sharing test method and corresponding results shall be provided for appropriate base
stations:
900 MHz: GSM 222 + WCDMA 111
1 800 MHz: GSM 222 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
2 100 MHz : WCDMA 111 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
The test cases are combinations of test cases specified for GSM, WCDMA or LTE according to annexes D, E and F.
The reference parameters for above test cases are given in annex I.
NOTE: Similar test cases can be applied to other frequency bands and configurations according to the capability
of the BS under test.
ETSI
17 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations
(including multi-band carrier aggregation like LTE-A)
6.1.4.0 Introduction
This clause outlines multi-band power consumption test configurations. A multi-band base station is a configuration
which allows simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency bands and the different bands are managed
jointly (for example a GSM 900/1 800 multiband BS with one BCCH to manage both bands simultaneously).
A multi-band configuration can be created for different applications:
1) The same technology is used on two independent frequency bands (for example GSM 900 MHz + GSM
1 800 MHz) but with a common control channel.
2) Two different technologies are used on two independent frequency bands (example GSM 900 MHz +
WCDMA 1 800 MHz). In the case of both technologies are operating on the same frequency band (GSM
900 MHz + WCDMA 900 MHz) clause 6.3.3 shall be applied.
3) Multi-band carrier aggregation (example LTE-A with LTE 900 MHz + LTE 2 600 MHz CA).
6.1.4.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS
Multi-band configurations shall be tested based on combinations of configurations and test models already defined for
single band operations.
Whe
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
Okoljski inženiring (EE) - Metrika in metoda merjenja energijske učinkovitosti
opreme brezžičnega dostopovnega omrežja - 1. del: Poraba energije - Statična
merilna metoda
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment - Part 1: Power Consumption - Static
Measurement Method
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
33.070.50 Globalni sistem za mobilno Global System for Mobile
telekomunikacijo (GSM) Communication (GSM)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment;
Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
2 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Reference
RES/EE-EEPS27
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
ETSI
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TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 10
5.0 Introduction . 10
5.1 Reference configurations . 10
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.0 Introduction. 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.0 Introduction . 14
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption . 14
6.1.0 Introduction. 14
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement . 15
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 15
6.1.2.0 Introduction . 15
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations . 16
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode . 16
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations (including multi-band carrier
aggregation like LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.0 Introduction . 17
6.1.4.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 17
6.1.4.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 17
6.1.4.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 18
6.1.5 Power consumption measurement of LTE-TDD base stations . 18
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 18
6.1.5.1 TDD specific parameters . 18
6.1.5.2 TDD BS configuration . 18
6.1.5.3 Uplink/downlink ratio . 18
6.2 Uncertainty . 18
7 Calculation results . 19
7.1 Load level duration . 19
7.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 19
7.3 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 19
8 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 21
A.0 Introduction . 21
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
A.1 General information to be reported . 21
A.2 Static power consumption report . 22
Annex B: Void . 24
Annex C: Void . 25
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 26
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 28
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 29
Annex G: Void . 33
Annex H: Void . 34
Annex I (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 35
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 36
J.0 Introduction . 36
J.1 General requirements . 36
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 37
J.2.0 Introduction . 37
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 38
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 38
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 38
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 38
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 38
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 38
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 39
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 39
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 41
Annex L: Void . 43
Annex M: Void . 44
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 45
Annex O (informative): Interpolation method . 47
Annex P (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
5 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
Part 2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
The standard ETSI ES 202 706 defines methods to analyse the power consumption and energy efficiency of base
stations in static mode and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document defines the static measurement method for the evaluation of base station power and energy
consumption:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI ES 202 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the base station.
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
TM
(informative only).
• WiMAX
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption. Within the
present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power and energy consumption
figure for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations are covered in the present document [12].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface
for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
ETSI
8 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
rated output power: rated output power of the base station is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in
single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at
the antenna connector during the transmitter ON period according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm according to
ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
ETSI
9 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CA Carrier Aggregation
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution advanced
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
Primary cell
Pcell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRAT Rated output power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
Scell Secondary cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
ETSI
10 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Time Transmit Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS
power consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (clause 6).
3) Calculate daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC) ([i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
TM
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, WiMAX )
in the corresponding annexes (annexes D to G).
These configurations include compact and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
ETSI
11 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in R99 and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing"
shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO)).
Figure 1: Integrated BS model
ETSI
12 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
� An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
ETSI
13 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
� The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power: ±0,4 dB.
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used. Examples: a typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration; another BS configuration might be designed for dual or single sector applications and
therefore be tested in the configuration of its intended configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration. Additional
power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS.
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes D, E, F.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA and LTE, shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
For the power consumption measurements the environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined
as follows.
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements.
ETSI
14 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
5.2.4 Power supply
For measurements of the BS power consumption the following operating voltage value shall be used (for non-standard
power supply voltages one should use operating voltage with ±2,5 % tolerances).
Nominal value and operating value shall be according for AC testing to CENELEC EN 50160 [3] and DC testing to
ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4].
The frequency of the power supply corresponding to the AC mains shall be according to CENELEC EN 50160 [3].
6 Static power consumption measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption test: full load (PFL), busy hour (PBH), medium load (Pmed)
and low load (Plow). They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes D, E and F. In case of
a distributed BS architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central unit and radio unit
separately.
NOTE: Other load levels may be occasionally of interest and may be addressed using the method described in
annex O.
Power Savings features implemented independently within BS can be used during testing. In that case, test control unit
is allowed to activate and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the method to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in figure 3.
ETSI
15 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement
NOTE: BS as defined in figure 2 (Integrated BS) or figure 3 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.
Figure 3: Test set-up for power consumption measurements (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
port and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes D, E and F.
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure
6.1.2.0 Introduction
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements according to clause 5.2.3.
Measurement results shall be captured earliest when the equipment including the selected load is in stable operating
conditions. The RMS value of the DC current and DC voltage shall be used for the calculation of the DC power
consumption. The RF output powers as well as the corresponding power consumptions of the BS shall be measured
with respect to the RF output power levels which are needed to fulfil the requirements from the reference networks as
well as the traffic profiles described in annexes D, E and F.
The RF output power signal and levels shall be generated according to the test models described in annexes D, E and F.
The test models as well as the system depended load levels are defined in annexes D, E and F.
The reference point for the RF output measurements is the antenna connector of the BS.
The RF output power and corresponding input power consumption shall be measured at the lower, mid and upper edge
of the relevant radio band for the low load case. For medium load and busy hour load measurement shall be taken only
at middle frequency channel. For the evaluation the single values as well as the arithmetic average of these three
measurements (only for low load) shall be stated in the measurement report (table A.3). The arithmetic average shall be
taken for BS reference power consumption evaluation.
ETSI
16 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
The measurement duration of each load level shall be sufficient to acquire a stable and representative power result. If
the power consumption is fluctuating the measured power shall be averaged over a sufficiently long time span to
achieve a stable and representative result.
NOTE: The measurement duration is not related to the time duration used in the calculation of average
power/energy consumption defined in (new) clause 7.
The measurements shall be performed for every antenna which is carrying downlink antenna carrier(s). The measured
RF output power values shall be listed in the measurement report for every antenna.
The power consumption of the BS as well as the RF output power shall be given in watts. in accordance with the
accuracies and the resolutions given in clause 5.2.
The measurement expanded uncertainty shall be assessed according to annex J.
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations
For configurations with multiple transmitters operating on the same frequency (MIMO) each transmitter shall transmit
the same load as described in the corresponding annex. All RX of the configuration shall be powered on during the
measurement.
EXAMPLES:
1) LTE 2×2 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by both transmitters.
2) LTE 4×4 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all four transmitters.
3) LTE 8×8 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all eight transmitters.
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode
Several frequency bands can be used with different cellular network generations. This clause defines power
consumption test configurations for simultaneous operation of different cellular standards within one frequency band.
RF sharing combinations depend on the considered frequency band. The following three basic test cases have been
defined to demonstrate the RF sharing test method and corresponding results shall be provided for appropriate base
stations:
900 MHz: GSM 222 + WCDMA 111
1 800 MHz: GSM 222 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
2 100 MHz : WCDMA 111 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
The test cases are combinations of test cases specified for GSM, WC
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
2NROMVNLLQåHQLULQJ (( 0HWULNDLQPHWRGDPHUMHQMDHQHUJLMVNHXþLQNRYLWRVWL
RSUHPHEUH]åLþQHJDGRVWRSRYQHJDRPUHåMDGHO 3RUDEDHQHUJLMH6WDWLþQD
PHULOQDPHWRGD
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment - Part 1: Power Consumption - Static
Measurement Method
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
27.015 (QHUJLMVNDXþLQNRYLWRVW Energy efficiency. Energy
2KUDQMDQMHHQHUJLMHQD conservation in general
VSORãQR
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment;
Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method
2 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Reference
RES/EE-EEPS27
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
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TM TM TM
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TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 10
5.0 Introduction . 10
5.1 Reference configurations . 10
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.0 Introduction. 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.0 Introduction . 14
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption . 14
6.1.0 Introduction. 14
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement . 15
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 15
6.1.2.0 Introduction . 15
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations . 16
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode . 16
6.1.4 Power consumption measurement of multi-band configurations (including multi-band carrier
aggregation like LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.0 Introduction . 17
6.1.4.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 17
6.1.4.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 17
6.1.4.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 17
6.1.4.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 18
6.1.5 Power consumption measurement of LTE-TDD base stations . 18
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 18
6.1.5.1 TDD specific parameters . 18
6.1.5.2 TDD BS configuration . 18
6.1.5.3 Uplink/downlink ratio . 18
6.2 Uncertainty . 18
7 Calculation results . 19
7.1 Load level duration . 19
7.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 19
7.3 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 19
8 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 21
A.0 Introduction . 21
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
A.1 General information to be reported . 21
A.2 Static power consumption report . 22
Annex B: Void . 24
Annex C: Void . 25
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 26
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 28
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 29
Annex G: Void . 33
Annex H: Void . 34
Annex I (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 35
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 36
J.0 Introduction . 36
J.1 General requirements . 36
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 37
J.2.0 Introduction . 37
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 38
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 38
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 38
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 38
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 38
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 38
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 38
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 39
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 39
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 41
Annex L: Void . 43
Annex M: Void . 44
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 45
Annex O (informative): Interpolation method . 47
Annex P (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
5 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
Part 2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
The standard ETSI ES 202 706 defines methods to analyse the power consumption and energy efficiency of base
stations in static mode and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document defines the static measurement method for the evaluation of base station power and energy
consumption:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI ES 202 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the base station.
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
TM
(informative only).
• WiMAX
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption. Within the
present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power and energy consumption
figure for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations are covered in the present document [12].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface
for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
ETSI
8 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
rated output power: rated output power of the base station is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in
single carrier, multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at
the antenna connector during the transmitter ON period according to ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm according to
ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
ETSI
9 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CA Carrier Aggregation
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution advanced
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
Primary cell
Pcell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRAT Rated output power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
Scell Secondary cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
ETSI
10 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Time Transmit Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS
power consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (clause 6).
3) Calculate daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC) ([i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
TM
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, WiMAX )
in the corresponding annexes (annexes D to G).
These configurations include compact and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
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11 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in R99 and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing"
shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO)).
Figure 1: Integrated BS model
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12 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
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13 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power: ±0,4 dB.
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used. Examples: a typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration; another BS configuration might be designed for dual or single sector applications and
therefore be tested in the configuration of its intended configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration. Additional
power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS.
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes D, E, F.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA and LTE, shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
For the power consumption measurements the environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined
as follows.
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements.
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14 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
5.2.4 Power supply
For measurements of the BS power consumption the following operating voltage value shall be used (for non-standard
power supply voltages one should use operating voltage with ±2,5 % tolerances).
Nominal value and operating value shall be according for AC testing to CENELEC EN 50160 [3] and DC testing to
ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4].
The frequency of the power supply corresponding to the AC mains shall be according to CENELEC EN 50160 [3].
6 Static power consumption measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption test: full load (PFL), busy hour (PBH), medium load (Pmed)
and low load (Plow). They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes D, E and F. In case of
a distributed BS architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central unit and radio unit
separately.
NOTE: Other load levels may be occasionally of interest and may be addressed using the method described in
annex O.
Power Savings features implemented independently within BS can be used during testing. In that case, test control unit
is allowed to activate and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement method for BS power consumption
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the method to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in figure 3.
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15 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.1.1 Test setup for power consumption measurement
NOTE: BS as defined in figure 2 (Integrated BS) or figure 3 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.
Figure 3: Test set-up for power consumption measurements (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
port and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes D, E and F.
6.1.2 Power consumption measurement procedure
6.1.2.0 Introduction
The power consumption measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are
reached. For this purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a
minimum operation time of one hour before doing measurements according to clause 5.2.3.
Measurement results shall be captured earliest when the equipment including the selected load is in stable operating
conditions. The RMS value of the DC current and DC voltage shall be used for the calculation of the DC power
consumption. The RF output powers as well as the corresponding power consumptions of the BS shall be measured
with respect to the RF output power levels which are needed to fulfil the requirements from the reference networks as
well as the traffic profiles described in annexes D, E and F.
The RF output power signal and levels shall be generated according to the test models described in annexes D, E and F.
The test models as well as the system depended load levels are defined in annexes D, E and F.
The reference point for the RF output measurements is the antenna connector of the BS.
The RF output power and corresponding input power consumption shall be measured at the lower, mid and upper edge
of the relevant radio band for the low load case. For medium load and busy hour load measurement shall be taken only
at middle frequency channel. For the evaluation the single values as well as the arithmetic average of these three
measurements (only for low load) shall be stated in the measurement report (table A.3). The arithmetic average shall be
taken for BS reference power consumption evaluation.
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The measurement duration of each load level shall be sufficient to acquire a stable and representative power result. If
the power consumption is fluctuating the measured power shall be averaged over a sufficiently long time span to
achieve a stable and representative result.
NOTE: The measurement duration is not related to the time duration used in the calculation of average
power/energy consumption defined in (new) clause 7.
The measurements shall be performed for every antenna which is carrying downlink antenna carrier(s). The measured
RF output power values shall be listed in the measurement report for every antenna.
The power consumption of the BS as well as the RF output power shall be given in watts. in accordance with the
accuracies and the resolutions given in clause 5.2.
The measurement expanded uncertainty shall be assessed according to annex J.
6.1.2.1 Power consumption measurement for MIMO configurations
For configurations with multiple transmitters operating on the same frequency (MIMO) each transmitter shall transmit
the same load as described in the corresponding annex. All RX of the configuration shall be powered on during the
measurement.
EXAMPLES:
1) LTE 2×2 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by both transmitters.
2) LTE 4×4 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all four transmitters.
3) LTE 8×8 MIMO: The load model described in annex F is transmitted by all eight transmitters.
6.1.3 Power consumption measurement in RF sharing mode
Several frequency bands can be used with different cellular network generations. This clause defines power
consumption test configurations for simultaneous operation of different cellular standards within one frequency band.
RF sharing combinations depend on the considered frequency band. The following three basic test cases have been
defined to demonstrate the RF sharing test method and corresponding results shall be provided for appropriate base
stations:
900 MHz: GSM 222 + WCDMA 111
1 800 MHz: GSM 222 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
2 100 MHz : WCDMA 111 + LTE 111 / 20 MHz (2×2 MIMO)
The test cases are combinations of test cases specified for GSM, WCDMA or LTE according to annexes D, E and F.
The reference parameters for abo
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