SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003

• Abstract:

  RF and IF Requirements of transportable Earth Stations operating in the Ku band (14/11-12 GHz) as TV and Audio Up-Links for Satellite News Gathering (SNG) applications

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• Technical Committee: RES - Radio equipment and systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Mandate: T-238
• Ref Project: ETSI ETS 300 327 ed.1 (1994-09) - Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) (13-14/11-12 GHz)

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 is the Slovenian adoption of ETS 300 327 Edition 1 from ETSI. It specifies minimum RF, safety, mechanical and operational characteristics for Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) used as Ku-band TV and audio uplinks. In practice, it is the document for manufacturers, test labs, satellite operators and buyers who need to check whether a transportable uplink station is suited to SNG use.

What does SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 specify?

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 specifies minimum requirements for Transportable Earth Stations (TES) used for Satellite News Gathering (SNG), including vehicle-mounted and flyaway-type stations that operate while stationary. It covers the antenna sub-system together with the associated transmit and receive parts, and it focuses on Ku-band operation for TV and audio uplinks.

The document is organized into scope, normative references, abbreviations and definitions, test report content, safety, radio frequency requirements, mechanical requirements, and additional characteristics. It also includes two informative annexes with test procedures.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Spurious radiation test procedures from 30 MHz to 40 GHz
Annex B	RF radiation protection test procedures from 300 MHz to 40 GHz

The scope also makes clear what is outside the document’s focus: modulation method, baseband signals, and the details of day-to-day operation are not specified here. That matters because the standard is about the earth station interface and performance limits, not the program format or service workflow.

What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003?

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 sets requirements in five main areas: safety, RF emissions, antenna performance, mechanical robustness, and additional operating characteristics. The key idea is to limit interference to other users of spectrum and to protect people, property and the equipment itself.

Safety and installation

Clause 5 covers mechanical construction, electrical safety, RF radiation protection, solar radiation protection and lightning bonding. The antenna structure has to withstand the loads expected from its own weight, wind, snow, ice and transport shock, and it must be able to be stowed before the manufacturer’s specified wind limit is exceeded.

For electrical safety, the equipment has to follow the relevant parts of EN 60950. For RF radiation protection, visible warning notices are required where RF levels may exceed 10 W/m, and Annex B gives a suggested way to find those regions. For lightning, the station must provide means for bonding conductors as indicated by IEC 81(CO)6. In practice, this means the station is not only a radio product but also a field-installed structure that has to be safe to assemble, use and protect.

RF emission limits

Clause 6 limits the station’s interference potential. It covers off-axis eirp density, off-axis spurious radiation, on-axis spurious radiation, transmit carrier centre frequency stability, transmit antenna gain pattern, transmit antenna polarization discrimination, and electromagnetic immunity.

The off-axis limits control what the station radiates away from the main beam, in angle-dependent bands, so adjacent satellites and terrestrial systems are protected. Spurious radiation is checked both with the carrier off and with the carrier on. The test report must state the manufacturer-declared nominated bandwidth, because that bandwidth is used to judge whether the carrier and nearby spectral components stay inside the permitted range.

The transmit carrier centre frequency must remain stable enough to keep the carrier within the nominated bandwidth, including long-term drift. In practice, this means the operator and manufacturer have to manage frequency setting and stability, not only peak power.

Antenna pattern and polarization

Clause 6 also requires transmit antenna gain pattern and polarization discrimination, and Clause 8 repeats similar requirements for the receive antenna. The gain pattern limits are set for the main lobe and sidelobes in both co-polar and cross-polar cases, using measurements in several planes and at low, middle and high frequencies in each declared band.

This matters because sidelobes are a main source of interference to other satellites and services. The document also requires the antenna to support fine polarization alignment and to keep cross-polar leakage low. For antennas designed to minimize off-axis gain toward the geostationary orbit, the document adds alignment provisions for a marked plane and an adjustable rotation axis.

Mechanical performance and field use

Clause 7 addresses assembly, disassembly, pointing stability, pointing accuracy, polarization angle alignment capability, polarization alignment stability, and test and monitoring points. Repeated assembly and disassembly must not degrade the radiation patterns or polarization discrimination, and it must not leave any component insecure.

The antenna mount has to keep the transmit main beam axis within better than half the antenna 3 dB beam width over its available azimuth and elevation range, and polarization angle adjustment has to be possible to at least ± 1° over at least 180°. A calibrated test point is required for output power and frequency measurements. In practice, these are the features that make a TES usable in the field and measurable during setup and maintenance.

Additional operating characteristics

Clause 8 adds receive antenna pattern and polarization requirements, electromagnetic immunity between 2 and 3 GHz, communication between the SNG TES and the satellite operator, and Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS). The communications link has to be available before and during transmission, and ATIS has to activate whenever a TV carrier is activated.

These requirements matter because SNG operations are often time-sensitive and coordinated with the satellite operator. The document therefore treats the link to the operator and transmitter identification as part of safe and controlled operation, not as optional extras.

What terms does SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 define?

• Transportable Earth Station (TES) - An earth station that can be relocated to a different fixed operating location, but is not intended to operate while being moved.
• Satellite News Gathering (SNG) TES - A TES that transmits television signals and associated audio, or programme audio only, toward a geostationary satellite.
• Nominated bandwidth - The bandwidth chosen by the manufacturer to include all spectral elements above the spurious limit and to allow for carrier frequency stability.
• Carrier-off - The state where the equipment is powered but the transmit sub-system is not switched to the antenna.
• Spurious radiation - Radiation outside the nominated bandwidth of the transmitted carrier.
• eirp - Equivalent isotropically radiated power, used to express transmitted power in a directional way.
• ATIS - Automatic Transmitter Identification System, used to identify interfering television carriers.

Who uses SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003?

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 is used by manufacturers of SNG earth stations, antenna systems, transmit and receive sub-systems, and associated control equipment. It is also used by test laboratories, certification teams, satellite operators, broadcast organizations and regulatory bodies.

For engineers, it supports design checks on antenna patterns, stability, immunity and safety. For quality managers and buyers, it provides a way to specify what a portable SNG uplink station must demonstrate before it is accepted for field use.

What changed in SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 from the previous edition?

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 is identified as ETS 300 327 Edition 1 and the document history lists it as the first edition. The provided material does not describe earlier editions or changes between editions.

Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003?

The document relies on several normative references to define test methods and safety checks:

• EN 60950 - used for electrical safety requirements and verification.
• IEC 81(CO)6 - used for lightning protection and bonding conductor dimensions.
• IEC 510-2-1 - used for antenna and sub-system measurements, including gain patterns and polarization checks.
• IEC 510-1-2 - used for RF range measurements and spurious radiation power measurements.
• CISPR Publication 22 - used for radiated interference limits and related measurement method below 960 MHz.
• ITU-R Recommendation 732 - used for statistical processing of sidelobe peaks.
• IEC 801-3 - used for electromagnetic immunity testing.
• EN 55011 - used for radiated disturbance measurement above 960 MHz.
• CISPR Publication 16 - used for the measurement apparatus and screening of test equipment.

What does the SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 document contain?

SIST ETS 300 327 E1:2003 contains angle-based antenna pattern limits, spurious emission limits, immunity levels, and safety requirements for a transportable SNG earth station. It also includes the test report items that have to be recorded, especially the declared nominated bandwidth and the test results.

Annex A gives a practical procedure for measuring spurious radiation around an operating TES, including the test site, set-up, scanning approach and measurement equipment. Annex B gives a procedure for locating regions of RF radiation risk and producing the warning notice required by the safety clause.

The body of the document also describes how to check mechanical distortion under wind load, how to assess antenna pointing stability and polarization alignment, and how to verify two-way communication with the satellite operator. For teams doing design verification, acceptance testing or field audits, it functions as both a requirement set and a measurement roadmap.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) – Prenosljive zemeljske postaje (TES)
(13-14/11-12 GHz) za satelitsko novinarstvo
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG)
Transportable Earth Stations (TES) (13-14/11-12 GHz)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 327 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 327
TELECOMMUNICATION September 1994
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DE/SES-04015
ICS: 33.060.30
SNG, TES
Key words:
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite News Gathering (SNG)
Transportable Earth Stations (TESs)
(13-14/11-12 GHz)
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - [e-mail]
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1994. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.8
3 Abbreviations and definitions .8
3.1 Abbreviations .8
3.2 Definitions .9
4 Test report.10
5 Safety .10
5.1 Mechanical construction .10
5.2 Electrical safety.11
5.3 Radio frequency radiation protection .12
5.4 Solar radiation protection.12
5.5 Lightning .12
6 Radio frequency .12
6.1 Off-axis eirp density .12
6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation.13
6.3 On-axis spurious radiation .15
6.4 Transmit carrier centre frequency stability.15
6.5 Transmit antenna gain pattern (co-polar and cross-polar) .15
6.6 Transmit antenna polarization discrimination .16
6.7 Electromagnetic immunity.17
7 Mechanical .18
7.1 Assembly and disassembly.18
7.1.1 Interference protection .18
7.1.2 Personnel protection .18
7.2 Pointing stability .18
7.3 Antenna pointing accuracy capability.19
7.4 Polarization angle alignment capability.19
7.5 Polarization alignment stability.19
7.6 Test and monitoring point .19
8 Additional characteristics.20
8.1 Receive antenna gain pattern (co-polar and cross-polar).20
8.2 Receive antenna polarization discrimination.21
8.3 Electromagnetic immunity.21
8.4 Communication between SNG TES and satellite operator.22
8.5 Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS).22
Annex A (informative): Spurious radiation: test procedures.24
A.1 Introduction.24
A.2 Measuring equipment.24
A.2.1 Spectrum analyser.24
A.2.2 Signal generator.24
A.2.3 Substitution antenna .24
A.2.4 Measuring antenna and associated amplification system .24
A.2.5 Screening.24

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
A.3 Test site and test set-up . 24
A.3.1 Test site. 24
A.3.2 Test set-up . 25
A.4 Measuring method. 25
A.5 Operating mode signal generation. 25
Annex B (informative): Radio frequency radiation protection: Test procedures . 26
B.1 Introduction. 26
B.2 Measuring equipment . 26
B.2.1 General requirements . 26
B.2.2 Electrical performance characteristics . 27
B.2.2.1 Power supply . 27
B.2.2.2 Polarisation . 27
B.2.2.3 Units and range . 27
B.2.2.4 Recorder output. 27
B.2.2.5 Shielding . 27
B.2.2.6 Modulation . 27
B.2.2.7 Static. 28
B.2.2.8 Response time. 28
B.2.3 Physical characteristics. 28
B.2.3.1 Portability . 28
B.2.3.2 Weight . 28
B.2.3.3 Volume. 28
B.2.3.4 Temperature, humidity and pressure. 28
B.2.3.5 Durability. 28
B.2.3.6 Response to other radiation. 28
B.2.3.7 Readability . 28
B.2.3.8 Controls . 28
B.2.3.9 Operation . 28
B.3 Test site and test set-up . 29
B.3.1 Test site. 29
B.3.2 Test set-up . 29
B.4 Measuring method. 29
B.5 Using the results. 30
History. 31

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Every ETS prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. This ETS contains text concerning type approval of
the equipment to which it relates. This text does not make this ETS mandatory in its status as a standard.
However, this ETS can be referenced, wholly or in part, for mandatory application by decisions of
regulatory bodies.
Transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 31 December 1994
Date of latest publication of new National Standard 31 March 1995
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e):
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 1995

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
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ETS 300 327: September 1994
1 Scope
The scope of this European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) is to provide minimum specifications for
the standardisation of the characteristics of Transportable Earth Stations (TESs) used for Satellite News
Gathering (SNG) which can be either an unforeseen or pre-planned activity. The TES can be either
vehicle mounted or packed for transportation. The TES can be capable of transmitting either video or
audio or both simultaneously. The TESs considered in this ETS are those designed to operate whilst
stationary as defined in subclause 3.2.
This earth station should include a capability to receive signals from the satellite for antenna pointing
purposes and to monitor its own transmission where the satellite transmission beam permits. The receive
equipment could also be used in the process of two-way communication to control and co-ordinate
operation.
SNG earth stations have the following characteristics:
- operating in the Ku-band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS), 12,75 - 13,25 GHz (Earth-
Space), 13,75 - 14,50 GHz (Earth-Space), 10,70 - 11,70 GHz (Space-Earth) and 12,50 - 12,75 GHz
(Space-Earth). Frequencies could be selected from throughout the entire frequency range or be
restricted to a range completely enclosed within those bands. These bands are partly shared
between FSS and Fixed Service (FS);
- in these frequency bands linear polarization is normally used and the system operates through
satellites with 3 degree spacing;
- designed for attended operation;
- antenna diameter not exceeding 5,0 m or equivalent corresponding aperture.
NOTE: At present the Radio Regulations restrict the use of the 13,75 - 14,00 GHz band to
earth stations having an antenna diameter of 4,5 m or greater and having a
transmitting eirp between 68 dBW and 85 dBW.
The equipment considered in this ETS comprises both the antenna sub-system and the associated
transmit and receive sub-systems.
This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the method of
modulation. Such modulation could result in the transmission being either analogue or digital, or both
simultaneously.
This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the baseband signals
used in the modulation process. Such baseband signals could be pure analogue, digital or a mixture of
analogue and digital.
This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the operation of the
equipment.
This ETS deals with two types of specification:
- specifications defined in order to protect other users of the frequency spectrum, both satellite and
terrestrial, from unacceptable interference. In addition these specifications are specified for the
purposes of electrical safety, structural safety, Radio Frequency (RF) radiation safety and solar
radiation protection as well as protection from harmful interference.
- specifications related to characteristics which depend on operational conditions and which
contribute mainly to the quality of reception of the two-way communication and monitoring paths by
providing the SNG TES with minimum interference protection from other radio systems.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates, by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] EN 60950 (1992): "Safety of information technology equipment including
electrical business equipment".
[2] IEC 81(CO)6 (1981): "Standards for lightning protection of structures", Part 1
General principles.
[3] IEC 510-2-1 (1978) with modification of 1989: Part 2 "Measurements for sub-
systems" Section One "General" and Section Two "Antenna (including feed
network)".
[4] IEC 510-1-2 (1984): Part 1 "Measurements common to sub-systems and
combinations of sub-systems" Section Two "Measurements in the RF range".
[5] CISPR Publication 22 (1985) as amended by CISPR/G (Central Office 09)
(1992): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference
characteristics of information technology equipment".
[6] ITU-R Recommendation 732 (1990): "Method for statistical processing of Earth
station antenna side-lobe peaks".
[7] IEC 801-3 (1984): "Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process
measurement and control equipment" Part 3 "Radiated electromagnetic field
requirements".
[8] EN 55011 (1986): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency
equipment".
[9] CISPR Publication 16 (1987): "CISPR specification for radio interference
measuring apparatus and measurement methods".
3 Abbreviations and definitions
3.1 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply.
ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification System
SNG Satellite News Gathering
TES Transportable Earth Station
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
FSS Fixed Satellite Services
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference
ITU-R International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications Sector
EN European Standard
eirp equivalent isotropically radiated power
RF Radio Frequency
EUT Equipment Under Test
TEM Transverse Electro-Magnetic
HPA High Power Amplifier
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down converter)
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
rms root mean square
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ETS 300 327: September 1994
IRPA/INIRC International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation
Protection Association
3.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:
Transportable Earth Station (TES): an earth station that can be relocated at any time to a different fixed
operating location but is not intended to operate during the relocation period.
A TES does not operate in any of the Mobile Satellite Services (MSS), e.g. LMSS (Land), AMSS
(Aeronautical) and MMSS (Maritime). These are referred to as mobile earth stations.
Satellite News Gathering (SNG) TES: equipment capable of transmitting television signals and
associated audio or programme audio only towards a satellite positioned on the geostationary orbit. The
modulation method may be either analogue or digital. Such transmissions are point-to-point or point-to-
multipoint but not for general broadcast reception.
The SNG TES usually comprises seven main parts, which are defined below, and all power,
interconnecting and other cables required for proper operation of the equipment as follows:
1) the antenna sub-system, which converts the incident electromagnetic wave into a guided wave and
vice versa and which includes any mounting that may be required;
2) the transmit sub-system, which is composed of the frequency translation equipment and the high
power amplifier;
3) the receive sub-system, which consists of the low noise amplifier and the frequency translation
equipment;
4) the ground communications sub-system, which consists of user defined modulation and
demodulation, either analogue or digital, and associated baseband equipment;
5) the monitoring and control sub-system which consists of user defined test equipment together with
a transmitter identification system and a facility for two way communication for control purposes if
required;
6) the power sub-system, which consists of any power generation equipment that may be required;
7) the transportation sub-system, which consists of either a vehicle for vehicle mounted SNG TES or
flight cases for "flyaway" SNG TES.
Nominated bandwidth: the nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of
the transmission which have a density greater than the specified spurious levels, and to take into account
the transmit carrier frequency stability. The bandwidth of the SNG TES radio frequency transmission is
nominated by the manufacturer.
NOTE: This parameter is to allow flexibility regarding adjacent channel interference levels
which will be taken into account by operational procedures depending on the exact
transponder assignment situation.
Spurious radiation: any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth of the transmitted carrier.
Carrier-off: that state where the equipment is electrically powered and the transmit sub-system is not
switched to the antenna. The ground communications sub-system may or may not be driving the transmit
sub-system.
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ETS 300 327: September 1994
4 Test report
The test report shall contain:
- the value of the nominated bandwidth declared by the manufacturer;
- the results of the tests.
5 Safety
5.1 Mechanical construction
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel, the public and goods from insecure structures.
Specification:
The antenna sub-system, including all structural and attached components, shall be designed to support
the following main loads due to:
- the weight of the antenna and structural components;
- the wind speed;
- the weight of the expected snow and ice;
- the shock generated by transportation.
At the wind speeds stated the following criteria shall apply:
- up to 50 m/s (180 km/h) none of the components shall be torn away;
- up to 30 m/s (108 km/h) permanent distortion shall not occur.
Above the wind speed specified by the manufacturer at which the antenna is to be stowed, this stowage
should have taken place.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by numerical analysis, possibly supported by practical tests. The effect
of the maximum wind load on the antenna sub-system shall be first computed using a numerical analysis
method, e.g. finite elements method by computer taking into account the intrinsic properties of the
materials. In the second step, the computed loads shall be applied to the structure. This second step may
be performed either by practical tests or by a recognised numerical analysis that can be proved to give the
same results.
The purpose of the first numerical analysis is two-fold:
1) to show compliance with the specification under nominated conditions;
2) to compute equivalent static loads (force and torque) applied to the critical attachment points of the
structure, e.g.:
- reflector mounting legs fixing point;
- reflector - struts;
- struts - LNB and/or HPA.
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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Test procedure:
The computations needed to derive the field of forces and torques and the equivalent static stresses shall
be carried out for the following conditions:
- wind direction: in steps of 45°, in the horizontal plane;
- elevation angle of the antenna: at both minimum and maximum in turn;
- wind speed: up to 180 km/h.
The air related parameters, namely the kinematic viscosity used to calculate drags at the rims of the
structure shall be calculated with the standard atmospheric environmental conditions (temperature =
293°K, air pressure = 1,013 x 10 Pa).
It shall be verified with the computed results that the break point limits are not exceeded for any self
contained element. The computed equivalent static loads shall be applied at any critical fixing point of the
assembly. During the load conditions, the antenna sub-system distortion shall be measured or computed,
and recorded.
The test report shall contain:
- the computation method used;
- a description of the test performed, if practical tests are carried out;
- the result of the safety margin calculation;
- results of the measurements or calculations on the mechanical loads transmitted from the antenna
sub-system to the attachment devices;
- and for the pointing stability (see subclause 7.2) and polarization alignment stability (see
subclause 7.5);
- results of the measurements or the calculations of the mechanical distortion.
5.2 Electrical safety
Purpose:
Protection of the operating personnel and the public from electric shock.
Specification:
The electrical safety of the equipment shall be in accordance with the applicable parts of EN 60950 [1], the
introduction, Clauses 1 to 3 inclusive and Clause 5. These Clauses deal with fundamental design
requirements, wiring, connections and supply.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined according to EN 60950 [1] verification methods.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
5.3 Radio frequency radiation protection
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel and the public from RF radiation hazards.
Specification:
The equipment shall be fitted with a warning notice in a clearly visible position, indicating the region in
which a radio frequency radiation level in excess of 10 W/m may occur.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by computation or measurement of the radiation level and by visual
inspection.
Test Procedure
A suggested test procedure for the determination of the 10 W/m region is presented in Annex B.
5.4 Solar radiation protection
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel and the public from solar radiation focusing effects.
Specification:
If, in conditions of sunshine, solar radiation is focused near the feed such that burning may occur, the
equipment shall be fitted with a warning notice in a clearly visible position.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by visual inspection.
5.5 Lightning
Purpose:
To avoid dangerous potential differences between any element of the earth station and the ground.
Specification:
Means shall be provided to permit the attachment of bonding conductors of dimensions indicated in IEC
81(CO)6 [2], table 6.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by inspection.
6 Radio frequency
6.1 Off-axis eirp density
Purpose:
Protection of other satellite and terrestrial systems.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Specification:
The off-axis eirp in any 40 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth in any direction φ degrees from the
antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
33 - 25 log φ dBW where 2,5° ≤ φ ≤ 7,0°;
+ 12   dBW where 7,0° < φ ≤ 9,2°;
36 - 25 log φ dBW where 9,2° < φ ≤ 48°;
- 6   dBW where 48° < φ ≤ 180°.
In addition the cross-polarized component in any direction φ degrees from the antenna main beam axis
shall not exceed the following limits:
23 - 25 log φ dBW where 2,5° ≤ φ ≤ 7,0°;
+ 2   dBW where 7,0° < φ ≤ 9,2°.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined from:
- measurement of maximum RF power density entering the antenna feed for the different modulation
schemes declared by the manufacturer;
- measurement of transmit antenna gain pattern according to IEC 510-2-1 [3], subclause 8.2.2.
Test procedure:
The test procedure for the measurement of the RF power density shall be in accordance with IEC 510-1-2
[4], subclause 5.2.2.2 but using a spectrum analyser.
The measurement of the transmit gain patterns shall be made in accordance with IEC 510-2-1 [3], Clause
8, or any other recognised method that can be proved to give the same results, at 3 frequencies (low,
middle and high) in each of the transmit bands declared by the manufacturer.
The documentation shall contain information of the following parameters, under which the limits for off-
axis eirp shall be met:
- power;
- modulation scheme;
- geographical locations relative to satellite (e.g. for stations with an optimised sidelobe pattern in a
given plane);
- antenna orientation position.
6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation
Purpose:
Protection of other terrestrial and satellite radio services.
Specification:
1) The SNG TES shall satisfy the limits for radiated interference field strength specified in CISPR
Publication 22 [5] over the frequency range from 30 MHz to 960 MHz as shown in table 1.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
Table 1: Limits of radiated interference field strength in the frequency range 30 MHz to 960 MHz at
a test distance of 10 m
Frequency range (MHz) Quasi-peak limits
(dB(μμV/m))
Class A Class B
30 - 230 40 30
230 - 960 47 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
The applicable class, A or B, shall be designated by the manufacturer and indicated in the data
sheet of the test report.
2) For the carrier-off case, the off-axis spurious eirp from the SNG TES, in any 100 kHz band, shall be
below the limits shown in table 2, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°:
Table 2: Limits of spurious eirp with carrier-off
Frequency range eirp
(GHz) (dBpW)
0,96 - 10,7 48
10,7 - 21,2 54
21,2 - 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequencies.
3) For the carrier-on case, the off-axis spurious eirp from the SNG TES, shall be below the limits
shown in table 3, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°:
Table 3: Limits of spurious eirp with carrier-on
Frequency range Measurement eirp
(GHz) bandwidth (dBpW)
0,96 - 3,40 100 kHz 49
3,40 - 10,7 100 kHz 55
10,7 - 11,7 100 kHz 61
11,7 - 21,2 100 kHz 78
21,2 - 25,5 100 kHz 67
25,5 - 29,0 20 MHz 78
29,0 - 40,0 100 kHz 67
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
In the frequency band from 25,5 GHz to 29,0 GHz, for any 20 MHz band within which more than one
discrete spurious signal is present, then the powers of each of these spurii shall be added in watts and the
total shall not exceed the specified limit.
4) The limits in specifications 1) to 3) above are applicable to the complete SNG TES equipment.
Verification:
Measurement of spurious radiation generated by an SNG TES under operation.
Test procedure:
A test procedure is given in Annex A for information.

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ETS 300 327: September 1994
6.3 On-axis spurious radiation
Purpose:
To limit the level of interference to satellite radio services.
Specification:
In the transmit band outside the transmit carrier nominated bandwidth the eirp spectral density of the
spurious radiation, but excluding the multi-carrier intermodulation products and spectral spreading due to
earth station non-linearities, shall not exceed 4 dBW in any 4 kHz band.
The on-axi
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