SIST EN 13205-2:2014
(Main)Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency
Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency
EN 13205-2 specifies a laboratory performance test for samplers for the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions, based on determining the sampling efficiency curve of a candidate sampler at a minimum of nine particle sizes. It specifies methods for testing aerosol samplers under prescribed laboratory conditions in order to test whether the performance of a candidate sampler fulfils the requirements of EN 13205-1:2014. This part of EN 13205 is applicable to all samplers used for the health-related sampling of particles in workplace air.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messsung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 2: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf der Bestimmung des Probenahmewirkungsgrades
Diese Europäische Norm legt eine Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die einatembare, thorakale und alveolengängige Fraktion von Aerosolen auf der Grundlage der Bestimmung der Kurve des Probenahmewirkungsgrads eines zu prüfenden Sammlers bei mindestens neun Partikelgrößen fest. Es werden Verfahren zur Prüfung von Aerosolsammlern unter vorgeschriebenen Laborbedingungen festgelegt, um zu prüfen, ob die Leistungsfähigkeit eines zu prüfenden Sammlers die Anforderungen nach EN 13205-1:2014 erfüllt.
Dieser Teil von EN 13205 gilt für alle Sammler, die für die gesundheitsbezogene Probenahme von Partikeln aus der Luft am Arbeitsplatz eingesetzt werden.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour le mesurage des concentrations d'aérosols - Partie 2 : Essai de performances en laboratoire par détermination de l'efficacité de prélèvement
La présente Norme européenne spécifie un essai de performance en laboratoire pour des dispositifs de prélèvement de fractions d'aérosol inhalable, thoracique et alvéolaire, fondé sur la détermination de la courbe d'efficacité de prélèvement d'un dispositif de prélèvement à évaluer pour neuf tailles de particules au minimum. Elle spécifie des méthodes pour soumettre à essai des dispositifs de prélèvement d'aérosol dans des conditions de laboratoire prescrites, afin de vérifier si la performance d'un dispositif de prélèvement à évaluer satisfait aux exigences de l’EN 13205-1:2014.
La présente partie de l'EN 13205 s'applique à tous les dispositifs de prélèvement utilisés pour le prélèvement, à des fins sanitaires, des particules présentes sur les lieux de travail.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Ocenjevanje lastnosti merilnikov za merjenje koncentracij lebdečih delcev - 2. del: Preskušanje usposobljenosti laboratorija na osnovi učinkovitosti vzorčenja
Standard EN 13205-2 določa preskušanje usposobljenosti laboratorija za merilnike inhalabilnih, torakalnih in respirabilnih delcev aerosolov na osnovi krivulje učinkovitosti vzorčenja merilnika kandidata pri najmanj devetih velikostih delcev. Določa metode za preskušanje merilnikov aerosolov pod določenimi laboratorijskimi pogoji, da se preskusi, ali delovanje merilnika kandidata izpolnjuje zahteve iz standarda EN 13205-1:2014. Ta del standarda EN 13205 velja za vse merilnike, ki se uporabljajo za vzorčenje delcev v zraku, ki vplivajo na zdravje na delovnem mestu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messsung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 2: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf der Bestimmung des ProbenahmewirkungsgradesExposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour le mesurage des concentrations d'aérosols - Partie 2 : Essai de performances en laboratoire par détermination de l'efficacité de prélèvementWorkplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency13.040.30Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestuWorkplace atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13205-2:2014SIST EN 13205-2:2014en,fr,de01-september-2014SIST EN 13205-2:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13205:20021DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13205-2
June 2014 ICS 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 13205:2001English Version
Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour le mesurage des concentrations de particules en suspension dans l'air - Partie 2: Essai de performances en laboratoire par détermination de l'efficacité de prélèvement
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 2: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf der Bestimmung des Probenahmewirkungsgrads This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 May 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13205-2:2014 ESIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8 4.1 Symbols . 8 4.1.1 Latin . 8 4.1.2 Greek . 10 4.2 Enumerating subscripts . 10 4.3 Abbreviations . 11 5 Principle . 11 6 Test method . 11 6.1 General . 11 6.2 Test conditions . 11 6.3 Test variables . 12 6.3.1 General . 12 6.3.2 Particle size . 14 6.3.3 Wind speed . 14 6.3.4 Wind direction . 14 6.3.5 Aerosol composition . 14 6.3.6 Sampled or internally separated mass . 14 6.3.7 Aerosol charge . 14 6.3.8 Specimen variability . 15 6.3.9 Excursion from the nominal flow rate . 15 6.3.10 Surface treatments . 15 7 Experimental requirements . 15 8 Calculation of sampler bias and expanded uncertainty . 17 8.1 General . 17 8.2 Determination of the sampling efficiency . 18 8.3 Calculation of sampler bias . 18 8.3.1 Calculation of the sampled aerosol concentration . 18 8.3.2 Calculation of the ideal sampled aerosol concentration . 20 8.3.3 Calculation of the sampler bias . 21 8.4 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty of the sampler . 21 8.4.1 General . 21 8.4.2 Calibration of sampler test system . 22 8.4.3 Estimation of sampled concentration . 23 8.4.4 Bias relative to the sampling convention . 23 8.4.5 Individual sampler variability . 24 8.4.6 Excursion from the nominal flow rate . 24 8.4.7 Combined uncertainty (of measurement) . 28 8.4.8 Expanded uncertainty . 31 9 Test report . 31 9.1 General . 31 SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 3 9.2 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation . 31 9.3 Description of the candidate sampler . 31 9.4 Critical review of sampling process . 32 9.5 Laboratory methods used . 32 9.6 Details of experimental design . 33 9.7 Presentation of experimental results . 33 9.8 Data analysis . 33 9.9 Candidate sampler performance . 33 9.10 Report of workplace comparison . 33 9.11 Summary and information for the user of the sampler . 33 Bibliography . 36
SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13205-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document together with EN 13205-1, CEN/TR 13205-3, EN 13205-4, EN 13205-5 and EN 13205-6 supersedes EN 13205:2001. EN 13205, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations, consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency (the present document); — Part 3: Analysis of sampling efficiency data [Technical Report]; — Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations; — Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces; — Part 6: Transport and handling tests. Significant technical changes from the previous edition, EN 13205:2001: — This part of EN 13205 is based on Annex A of the previous edition, EN 13205:2001. — The scope has been limited to aerosol samplers, and the current version of the standard is not (directly) applicable to other types of aerosol instruments. — As this is now a standard in its own right, a clause on symbols used has been added. Almost all definitions are now given either in EN 1540, Workplace exposure — Terminology or in Part 1 of this standard.
— The method of calculating the uncertainty of a sampler or a measuring procedure has been revised in order to comply with ENV 13005. The concept of “accuracy” is no longer used, instead the concept of “expanded uncertainty” is used. — The five major sources of uncertainty due to aspects of the sampling performance of an aerosol sampler (calibration of sampler test system, estimation of sampled concentration, bias relative to the sampling convention, individual sampler variability and excursion from nominal flow rate) are described with equations on how to incorporate these uncertainties into the expanded uncertainty of a sampler. CEN/TR 13205-3 gives recommendations how these entities may be calculated from measured sampling efficiency data. — The list of the particle size distributions (per sampling convention) to be used for the evaluation of sampler performance has been restricted at the lower end to reflect that particles with an aerodynamic SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 5 diameter less than 0,5 µm are not sampled due to aerodynamic forces. In the current version, an additional requirement on the size distributions is that at least 84 % of the aerosol mass consists of particles exceeding 0,5 µm. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 6 Introduction EN 481 defines sampling conventions for the particle size fractions to be collected from workplace atmospheres in order to assess their impact on human health. Conventions are defined for the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions. These conventions represent target specifications for aerosol samplers, giving the ideal sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter. In general, the sampling efficiency of real aerosol samplers will deviate from the target specification, and the aerosol mass collected will therefore differ from that which an ideal sampler would collect. In addition, the behaviour of real samplers is influenced by many factors such as external wind speed. In many cases there is an interaction between the influence factors and fraction of the airborne particle size distribution of the environment in which the sampler is used. EN 13205 (all parts) enables manufacturers and users of aerosol samplers to adopt a consistent approach to sampler validation, and provide a framework for the assessment of sampler performance with respect to EN 481 and EN 482. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer of aerosol samplers to inform the user of the sampler performance under the laboratory conditions1) specified in this part of EN 13205. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the actual conditions of intended use are within what the manufacturer specifies as acceptable conditions according to the performance test.
1) The inhalable convention is undefined for particle sizes in excess of 100 µm or for wind speeds greater than 4 m/s. The tests required to assess performance are therefore limited to these conditions. If such large particle sizes or wind speeds actually existed at the time of sampling, it is possible that different samplers meeting this document give different results. SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a laboratory performance test for samplers for the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions, based on determining the sampling efficiency curve of a candidate sampler at a minimum of nine particle sizes. It specifies methods for testing aerosol samplers under prescribed laboratory conditions in order to test whether the performance of a candidate sampler fulfils the requirements of EN 13205-1:2014. This part of EN 13205 is applicable to all samplers used for the health-related sampling of particles in workplace air. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1540, Workplace exposure — Terminology EN 13205-1:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 1: General requirements CEN/TR 13205-3:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 3: Analysis of sampling efficiency data EN 13205-5:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces EN ISO 13137, Workplace atmospheres — Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents - Requirements and test methods (ISO 13137) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 13205-1:2014 and the following apply. NOTE With regard to EN 1540, in particular, the following terms are used in this document: total airborne particles, respirable fraction, sampling efficiency, static sampler, thoracic fraction, inhalable fraction, measuring procedure, non-random uncertainty, random uncertainty, expanded uncertainty, standard uncertainty, combined standard uncertainty, uncertainty (of measurement), coverage factor and precision. 3.1 relative concentration concentration expressed as a fraction of the total airborne concentration 3.2 total airborne particle concentration concentration of aerosol particles present in the air before the particles are affected by the presence of the sampler, or in the case of a personal sampler by the presence of the person wearing the sampler SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 8 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols 4.1.1 Latin
ADA,σA,D() relative lognormal aerosol size distribution, with mass median aerodynamic diameter DA and geometric standard deviation 1A, [1/µm] NOTE The word “relative” means that the total amount of particles is unity [-], i.e. ADA,σA,D()dD0∞∫=1.
Cstd target sampled relative aerosol concentration, expressed as a fraction of the total airborne aerosol concentration, that would have been sampled using an ideal sampler with a sampling efficiency identical to the sampling convention, FD(), for aerosol size distribution A, [-] Ci mean sampled relative aerosol concentration, expressed as a fraction of the total airborne aerosol concentration, calculated to be obtained when using the candidate sampler, for aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueςi, [-] c candidate sampler correction factor for bias correction, either prescribed by sampler manufacturer or measuring procedure, or assigned the value c = 1.00, [-] D aerodynamic diameter, [µm]
DA mass median aerodynamic diameter of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A, [µm]
DAa mass median aerodynamic diameter a of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A, [µm]
Dmax diameter of the end of the integration range of the sampled aerosol, [µm]
Dmin diameter of the beginning of the integration range of the sampled aerosol, [µm] Dp aerodynamic diameter of test particle p (p = 1 toNP), [µm] EiDp() mean sampling efficiency of the candidate sampler for test particle size p at influence variable valueςi, [-] – (polygonal approximation method) EiQ,Dp() mean sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler at flow rate Q for test particle size p at influence variable valueςi, [-] – (polygonal approximation method)
estEisD() fitted sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler individual s at influence variable valueςi, [-] – (curve-fitting method)
estEisQ,D() fitted sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler individual s at flow rate Q for influence variable valueςi, [-] – (curve-fitting method) eipr[s]andeips[r] experimentally determined efficiency value, with notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively. The subscripts are for influence variable valueςi, particle size F (p = 1 toNP), sampler individual s (s = 1 toNS) and repeat r (r = 1 toNR), [-] – (notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively) FD() target sampling convention, [-] SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 9 []iprsgand[]ipsrg aerosol concentration sampled by the candidate sampler. The subscripts are for influence variable valueςi, particle size p (p = 1 to NP), sampler individual s (s = 1 to NS) and repeat r (r = 1 to NR), [mg/m3] or [1/m3] – (notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively) hiprandhips[r] corresponding total airborne aerosol concentration estimated from the sharp-edged probe values. The subscripts are for influence variable value i (i = 1 to NIV), particle size p (p = 1 to NP), sampler individual s (s = 1 to NS) and repeat r (r = 1 to NR), [mg/m3] or [1/m3] – (notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively)
miDA,σA,Q() mean sampled aerosol mass, expressed as a fraction of the total airborne aerosol mass, calculated to be obtained when using the candidate sampler with flow rateQ, to sample aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueςi, [-]
NIV number of values for the other influence variables at which tests were performed,
NP number of test particle sizes
NRep number of repeats at particle size p for candidate sampler individual s at influence variable value ςi – (in the polygonal approximation method
NRep equals the number of repeats, whereas in the curve-fitting method it equals the number of repeats per candidate sampler individual)
NS number of candidate sampler individuals – (In the polygonal approximation method
NS equals the number of sampler individuals tested per repeat, whereas in the curve-fitting method it equals the total number of sampler individuals tested.) Q actual flow rate of candidate sampler, [l/min]
Q0 nominal flow rate of sampler, [l/min]
q0 parameter expressing whether the nominal or actual flow rate is used for the calculation of sampled respirable and thoracic aerosol fractions, [-]
qiDA,σA() flow rate dependence of sampled mass for aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueςi, [-]
sCandSampl-Flowia non-random uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration, due to excursion from nominal flow and/or deviation from initial flow, for the ath aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueςi, [-]
sδFlowSet+δPump() random uncertainty for combined rectangular distribution based on allowed initial flow deviation from nominal flow rate and pump flow deviation, [-]
UCandSampl expanded uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampl combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampli combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Biasi standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to bias (non-random errors) in relation to the sampling convention of the candidate sampler at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Calibri standard uncertainty (of measurement) (non-random and random errors) of the SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 10 calculated sampled concentration, due to the calibration uncertainty of the experiment, calculated as the RMS of the corresponding relative uncertainties over all
NSD aerosol size distributions A at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Flowi standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration, due to flow rate deviation at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-ModelCalci standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration (random errors), due to the uncertainty of the fitted model, calculated as the RMS of the corresponding relative uncertainties over all
NSD aerosol size distributions A at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-nR combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampl-nRi combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-R combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampl-Ri combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Variabilityi standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to differences among candidate sampler individuals at influence variable valueςi, [-] Wp weighted average of integration of aerosol size distribution A between two particle sizes, [-] – (polygonal approximation) 4.1.2 Greek ∆i bias or relative error in the aerosol concentration measured using the candidate sampler, for aerosol size distribution A, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
δFlowSet maximum relative error allowed in setting the flow rate, [-]
δPump maximum relative change in flow rate allowed by pump flow rate stability, [-] []iprsεand[]ipsrε Random experimental error at particle size p, repeat r and candidate sampler s at influence variable valueςi, [-] – (notations for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively) ς value of other influence variable values, as for example wind speed and mass loading of sampler, with values for i = 1 to NIV, [various dimensions] ςi ith value of any other influence variable NOTE The dimension of each ςi depends on the influence variable. The dimension selected, however, is not critical, as the values are never part in any calculation.
σA geometric standard deviation of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A from Table A.2 [-]
σAa geometric standard deviation a of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A, [µm] – 4.2 Enumerating subscripts a for test aerosols SIST EN 13205-2:2014
EN 13205-2:2014 (E) 11 I
for selected value of distinguishable values of an influence variable i for influence variable values, ς i0
for selected value of non-distinguishable values of an influence variable which causes the largest combined standard uncertainty for the candidate sampler p for test particle size r for repeats s for candidate sampler individual 4.3 Abbreviations RMS Root Mean Square 5 Principle The test method described in this part of EN 13205 is based on the measurement of the candidate sampler’s sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter, whether all aspirated particles are part of the sample (as for most inhalable samplers) or if a particle size-dependent penetration occurs between the inlet and the collection substrate (as for thoracic and respirable samplers). The bias versus the sampling convention is calculated based on the measured sampling efficiencies. Other sampling errors due to non-random and random sources of error are also determined, e.g. individual sampler variability, excursion from nominal flow rate, estimation of sampled concentration and experimental errors. The purpose of the laboratory experiments is to determine the sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter over the relevant size range, and also as a function of any other relevant variables (as determined in the critical review, see EN 13205-1:2014, 6.2). Mathematical modelling is used to estimate the concentrations that would be sampled from a range of ideal log-normally distributed aerosols, using both the measured sampler efficiency and the target sampling convention. From these data, the sampler performance is estimated. 6 Test
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012
01-november-2012
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Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of
sampling efficiency
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die
Messsung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 2: Laborprüfung der
Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf der Bestimmung des Probenahmewirkungsgrades
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13205-2
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012
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oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 13205-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2012
ICS 13.040.30 Will supersede EN 13205:2001
English Version
Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for
measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 2:
Laboratory performance test based on determination of
sampling efficiency
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Beurteilung der
Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messung der
Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 2: Laborprüfung
der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf der Bestimmung des
Probenahmewirkungsgrades
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 137.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13205-2:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012
prEN 13205-2:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
5 Principle . 9
6 Test method . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Test conditions . 10
6.3 Test variables . 10
7 Experimental requirements . 13
8 Calculation of sampler bias and expanded uncertainty . 15
8.1 General . 15
8.2 Determination of the sampling efficiency . 15
8.3 Calculation of sampler bias . 16
8.4 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty of the sampler . 19
9 Test report . 30
9.1 General . 30
9.2 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation . 30
9.3 Description of the candidate sampler. 30
9.4 Critical review of sampling process . 30
9.5 Laboratory methods used . 30
9.6 Details of experimental design . 31
9.7 Presentation of experimental results . 31
9.8 Data analysis . 31
9.9 Candidate sampler performance . 32
9.10 Report of workplace comparison . 32
9.11 Summary and information for the user of the sampler. 32
Bibliography . 35
2
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oSIST prEN 13205-2:2012
prEN 13205-2:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 13205-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment
of workplace exopsure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document together with prEN 13205-1, FprCEN/TR 13205-3, prEN 13205-4, prEN 13205-5 and
prEN 13205-6 supersedes prEN 13205:2010 and will supersede EN 13205:2001.
EN 13205 Workplace exposure – Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle
concentrations consists of the following parts:
Part 1: General requirements;
Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency;
Part 3: Analysis of sampling efficiency data;
Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations;
Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces;
Part 6: Transport and handling tests.
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Introduction
EN 481 defines sampling conventions for the particle size fractions to be collected from workplace
atmospheres in order to assess their impact on human health. Conventions are defined for the inhalable,
thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions. These conventions represent target specifications for aerosol
samplers, giving the ideal sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter.
In general, the sampling efficiency of real aerosol samplers will deviate from the target specification, and the
aerosol mass collected will therefore differ from that which an ideal sampler would collect. In addition, the
behaviour of real samplers is influenced by many factors such as external wind speed. In many cases there is
an interaction between the influence factors and fraction of the airborne size distribution of the environment in
which the sampler is used.
EN 13205 enables manufacturers and users of aerosol sampling instruments to adopt a consistent approach
to sampler validation, and provide a framework for the assessment of sampler performance with respect to
EN 481 and EN 482.
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer of aerosol samplers to inform the user of the sampler performance
1)
under the laboratory conditions specified in this part of EN 13205. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure
the actual conditions of intended use are within what the manufacturer specifies as acceptable conditions
according to the performance test.
1)
The inhalable convention is undefined for particle sizes in excess of 100 µm or for wind speeds greater than 4 m/s. The
tests required to assess performance are therefore limited to these conditions. Should such large particle sizes or wind
speeds actually exist at the time of sampling, it is possible that different samplers meeting this document give different
results.
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a laboratory performance test for samplers for the inhalable, thoracic and
respirable aerosol fractions, based on determining the sampling efficiency curve of a candidate sampler at a
minimum of nine particle sizes. It specifies methods for testing aerosol samplers under prescribed laboratory
conditions in order to test whether the performance of a candidate sampler fulfils the requirements of
prEN 13205-1:2012.
This part of EN 13205 is applicable to all samplers used for the health-related sampling of particles in
workplace air.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres — Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles
EN 482, Workplace exposure — General requirements for the performance of procedures for the
measurement of chemical agents
EN 1232, Workplace atmospheres — Requirements and test methods for pumps used for personal sampling
of chemical agents in the workplace
EN 1540, Workplace exposure — Terminology
EN 12919, Workplace atmospheres — Pumps for the sampling of chemical agents with a volume flow rate of
over 5 l/min — Requirements and test methods
prEN 13205-1:2012, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of
airborne particle concentrations – Part 1: General requirements
prEN 13205-5:2012, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of
airborne particle concentrations – Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried
out at workplaces
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the term and definitions given in EN 1540, prEN 13205-1:2012 and the
following apply.
NOTE With regard to EN 1540, in particular, the following terms are used in this document: total airborne particles,
respirable fraction, sampling efficiency, static sampler, thoracic fraction, measuring procedure, non-random uncertainty,
random uncertainty, expanded uncertainty, standard uncertainty, combined standard uncertainty, expanded uncertainty,
uncertainty (of measurement), coverage factor and precision.
3.1
relative concentration
concentration expressed as a fraction of the total airborne concentration
3.2
total airborne particle concentration
concentration of aerosol particles present in the air before the particles are affected by the presence of the
sampler, or in the case of a personal sampler by the presence of the person wearing the sampler
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
4.1.1 Latin
AD ,σ , D relative lognormal aerosol size distribution, with mass median aerodynamic diameter
()
A A
D and geometric standard deviation σ , [1/µm]
A A
∞
NOTE The word “relative” means that the total amount of particles is unity [-], i.e. AD ,σ , D d D= 1.
()
A A
∫
0
C target sampled relative aerosol concentration, expressed as a fraction of the total
std
airborne aerosol concentration, that would have been sampled using an ideal
sampler with a sampling efficiency identical to the sampling convention, FD(), for
aerosol size distribution A, [-]
C mean sampled relative aerosol concentration, expressed as a fraction of the total
i
airborne aerosol concentration, calculated to be obtained when using the candidate
sampler, for aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
c candidate sampler correction factor for bias correction, either prescribed by sampler
manufacturer or measuring procedure, or assigned the value c=1.00, [-]
D aerodynamic diameter, [µm]
D mass median aerodynamic diameter of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A, [µm]
A
D mass median aerodynamic diameter a of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A,
A
a
[µm]
D diameter of the end of the integration range of the sampled aerosol, [µm]
max
D diameter of the beginning of the integration range of the sampled aerosol, [µm]
min
D aerodynamic diameter of test particle p (p=1 to N ), [µm]
p P
E D mean sampling efficiency of the candidate sampler for test particle size p at
()
i p
influence variable valueς , [-] – (polygonal approximation method)
i
E Q, D mean sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler at flow rate Q for test
()
i p
particle size p at influence variable valueς , [-] – (polygonal approximation method)
i
est
E()D fitted sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler individual s at influence
is
variable valueς , [-] – (curve-fitting method)
i
est
E()Q, D fitted sampling efficiency curve of the candidate sampler individual s at flow rate Q
is
for influence variable valueς , [-] – (curve-fitting method)
i
e and e experimentally determined efficiency value, with notation for polygonal approxi-
ipr[s] ips[r]
mation and curve-fitting methods, respectively. The subscripts are for influence
variable valueς , particle size p (p=1 to N ), sampler individual s (s=1 to N ) and
i P S
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repeat r (r=1 to N ), [-] – (notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting
R
methods, respectively)
FD target sampling convention, [-]
()
g and g aerosol concentration sampled by the candidate sampler. The subscripts are for
ipr[s] ips[r ]
influence variable valueς , particle size p (p=1 to N ), sampler individual s (s=1
i P
3 3
to N ) and repeat r (r=1 to N ), [mg/m ] or [1/m ] – (notation for polygonal
S R
approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively)
h and h corresponding total airborne aerosol concentration estimated from the sharp-edged
ipr ips[r]
probe values. The subscripts are for influence variable value i (i=1 to N ), particle
IV
size p (p=1 to N ), sampler individual s (s=1 to N ) and repeat r (r=1 to N ),
P S R
3 3
[mg/m ] or [1/m ] – (notation for polygonal approximation and curve-fitting methods,
respectively)
m()D ,σ ,Q mean sampled aerosol mass, expressed as a fraction of the total airborne aerosol
i A A
mass, calculated to be obtained when using the candidate sampler with flow rateQ ,
to sample aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
N number of values for the other influence variables at which tests were performed,
IV
N number of test particle sizes
P
N number of repeats at particle size p for candidate sampler individual s at influence
Rep
variable value ς – (in the polygonal approximation method N equals the
i Rep
number of repeats, whereas in the curve-fitting method it equals the number of
repeats per candidate sampler individual)
N number of candidate sampler individuals – (In the polygonal approximation method
S
N equals the number of sampler individuals tested per repeat, whereas in the
S
curve-fitting method it equals the total number of sampler individuals tested.)
Q actual flow rate of candidate sampler, [l/min]
0
Q nominal flow rate of sampler, [l/min]
q parameter expressing whether the nominal or actual flow rate is used for the
0
calculation of sampled respirable and thoracic aerosol fractions, [-]
q()D ,σ flow rate dependence of sampled mass for aerosol size distribution A at influence
i A A
variable valueς , [-]
i
s non-random uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration,
CandSampl-Flow
ia
th
due to excursion from nominal flow and/or deviation from initial flow, for the a
aerosol size distribution A at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
s random uncertainty for combined rectangular distribution based on allowed initial
δ +δ
()
FlowSet Pump
flow deviation from nominal flow rate and pump flow deviation, [-]
U expanded uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration
CandSampl
due to the candidate sampler, [-]
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u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration
CandSampl
due to the candidate sampler, [-]
u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the candidate sampler, at influence
CandSampl
i
variable valueς , [-]
i
u standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to bias (non-random errors) in relation to
CandSampl-Bias
i
the sampling convention of the candidate sampler at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
u standard uncertainty (of measurement) (non-random and random errors) of the
CandSampl-Calibr
i
calculated sampled concentration, due to the calibration uncertainty of the
experiment, calculated as the RMS of the corresponding relative uncertainties over
all N aerosol size distributions A at influence variable valueς , [-]
SD i
u standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration, due
CandSampl-Flow
i
to flow rate deviation at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
u standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration
CandSampl-ModelCalc
i
(random errors), due to the uncertainty of the fitted model, calculated as the RMS of
the corresponding relative uncertainties over all N aerosol size distributions A at
SD
influence variable valueς , [-]
i
u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random
CandSampl-nR
errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-]
u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random
CandSampl-nR
i
errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random
CandSampl-R
errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-]
u combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random
CandSampl-R
i
errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
u standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random
CandSampl-Variability
i
errors) due to differences among candidate sampler individuals at influence variable
valueς , [-]
i
W weighted average of integration of aerosol size distribution A between two particle
p
sizes, [-] – (polygonal approximation)
4.1.2 Greek
∆ bias or relative error in the aerosol concentration measured using the candidate
i
sampler, for aerosol size distribution A, at influence variable valueς , [-]
i
δ maximum relative error allowed in setting the flow rate, [-]
FlowSet
δ maximum relative change in flow rate allowed by pump flow rate stability, [-
Pump
]ε andε Random experimental error at particle size p, repeat r and
ipr[s] ips[r ]
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candidate sampler s at influence variable valueς , [-] – (notations for polygonal
i
approximation and curve-fitting methods, respectively)
ς value of other influence variable values, as for example wind speed and mass
N , [various dimensions]
loading of sampler, with values for i=1 to
IV
th
ς i value of any other influence variable
i
NOTE The dimension of each ς depends on the influence variable. The dimension selected, however, is not critical,
i
as the values are never part in any calculation.
σ geometric standard deviation of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A from Table
A
A.2, [-]
σ geometric standard deviation a of a lognormal aerosol size distribution A, [µm] –
A
a
4.2 Enumerating subscripts
a for test aerosols
I for selected value of distinguishable values of an influence variable
i for influence variable values, ς ,
i0 for selected value of non-distinguishable values of an influence variable which
causes the largest combined standard uncertainty for the candidate sampler
p for test particle size
r for repeats
s for candidate sampler individual
4.3 Abbreviations
RMS Root Mean Square
5 Principle
The test method described in this part of EN 13205 is based on the measurement of the candidate sampler’s
sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter, whether all aspirated particles are part of
the sample (as for most inhalable samplers) or if a particle size-dependent penetration occurs between the
inlet and the collection substrate (as for thoracic and respirable samplers). The bias versus the sampling
convention is calculated based on the measured sampling efficiencies. Other sampling errors due on-random
and random sources of error are also determined, e.g. individual sampler variability, excursion from nominal
flow rate, estimation of sampled concentration and experimental errors.
The purpose of the laboratory experiments is to determine the sampling efficiency as a function of particle
aerodynamic diameter over the relevant size range, and also as a function of any other relevant variables (as
determined in the critical review, see prEN 13205-1:2012, 6.2). Mathematical modelling is used to estimate
the concentrations that would be sampled from a range of ideal log-normally distributed aerosols, using both
the measured sampler efficiency and the target sampling convention. From these data, the sampler
performance is estimated.
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6 Test method
6.1 General
The sampling efficiency values are calculated by dividing the aerosol concentrations measured using the
candidate sampler, by measured values of the total airborne particle concentration. An experimental design
shall be devised that gives due attention to randomisation and to estimation of the main effects. The design,
and its associated statistical model, shall be explained in the test report. An example of a suitable design is
given in FprCEN/TR 13205-3:2012.
6.2 Test conditions
Experiments to test samplers for the inhalable fraction shall be carried out in a wind tunnel or in an aerosol
chamber. Personal inhalable samplers for the inhalable particle fraction, intended for use outdoors or in
environments with strong forced ventilation (i.e. wind speeds in excess of 0,5 m/s), shall be tested while
mounted on a life-size mannequin, or on a simulated torso. The mannequin or simulated torso set-up shall
2)
reproduce the aerodynamic effects of the presence of a life-size, human-shaped head and torso . In a wind-
tunnel of size (1,2 × 1,8) m it has been shown that a simulated torso with the width, height and depth equal to
33 cm, 21 cm and 21 cm, respectively, with samplers mounted on all four vertical planes has been
3)
demonstrated to give similar results as a life-size mannequin . The size and nature of the mannequin/
simulated torso used shall be described in the test report. If a candidate sampler is tested as a personal
sampler in moving air, the results do not apply to its use as a static sampler (and vice versa).
The sampling efficiencies of samplers for the thoracic or the respirable fractions are combinations of the
samplers’ inlet efficiency and of the internal penetration. They may be tested as a whole as described above,
except that the particle size range for testing is restricted to that specified for the fraction of interest in Table 1.
Alternatively the sampling efficiencies in these cases may be measured by combining the results from two
separate experiments, one to test the sampler’s inlet efficiency, and one to determine its internal penetration.
For tests of the inlet efficiency the same considerations apply as for inhalable samplers, except that the
particle size range for testing is restricted to that specified for the fraction of interest in Table 1. Tests of the
penetration may be carried out in a low-wind aerosol chamber using isolated samplers.
6.3 Test variables
6.3.1 General
The laboratory tests of sampling efficiency shall be designed to quantify the effects of those influence
variables which the critical review indicates are important for the sampler under test. Table 1 lists the most
important influence variables and identifies those for which testing is compulsory (C), compulsory for some
sampler types or uses only (C*), or optional (O). Excluded variables shall be clearly identified in the section of
the test report that describes the scope of the test.
Table 1 — Influence variables to be tested
Variable Status Range Number of values Clause
Particle C Inhalable: 1 µm to 100 µm 6.3.2
≥ 9: spaced to cover
aerodynamic C Thoracic: 0,5 µ to 35 µm
important features of the
diameter C Respirable: 0,5 µm to 15 µm efficiency curve
Wind Speed C Indoor workplaces only: 6.3.3
1: ≤ 0,1 m/s
C Indoor or outdoor workplaces, 2: ≤ 0,1 m/s and 1 m/s
0 m/s to 4,0 m/s:
2)
For examples of performance evaluations of personal inhalable samplers, see Bibliography, references [2] to [5].
3)
See for example Bibliography, references [6] and [7], for reported experiments.
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Table 1 (continued)
Variable Status Range Number of values Clause
Wind Direction C Omnidirectional average Continuous revolution or 6.3.4
≥ 4 values stepwise
Aerosol O Phase: solid and/or liquid; Choose suitable materials 6.3.5
composition Particles of known shape
Aerosol O Unagglomerated dust; Choose and document 6.3.5
agglomeration Highly agglomerated dust
Collected mass O Collected mass corresponding to: up to 6.3.6
≥ 3
and/or internally maximum concentration x nominal flow rate x
separated mass sampling time
Internally separated mass corresponding to:
maximum uncollected concentration x
nominal flow rate x sampling time
Aerosol charge O Charged or neutralised aerosol; Conducting Choose and document 6.3.7
or insulating sampler
Sampler C* Test group to be as large as possible ≥ 6 6.3.8
specimen
variability
Excursion from C* Nominal flow rate plus lower and higher flow ≥ 6 specimen tested at 3 6.3.9
the nominal flow rates at one wind speed flow rates
rate
Part
...
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