SIST EN 16602-70-15:2021

Space product assurance - Non-destructive testing

This standard specifies NDI requirements for flight parts, components and structures used for space missions. It covers the NDI methods and stipulates the certification levels for personnel. The qualification of such processes are also specified for non-standard NDI techniques or where complex components are concerned. This standard also identifies the best practice across the large range of international and national standards.
Visual inspection included in this standard is not intended to include incoming inspection of, for example, raw materials, damage during transport, storage and handling and parts procurement verification.
The minimum requirements for NDI documentation are specified in the DRDs of the Annexes.
This standard does not cover the acceptance criteria of components, structures and parts submitted to this examination; it is expected that these criteria are identified on specific program application documentation.
This Standard does not apply to EEE components.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung oder zerstörungsfreie Inspektion

Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Essais non destructifs

La présente norme spécifie les exigences END pour les pièces, composants et structures de vol utilisés pour les missions spatiales. Elle traite des méthodes END et stipule les niveaux de certification du personnel. La qualification de ces procédés est également spécifiée pour les techniques END non standard, ou dans le cas de composants complexes. La présente norme identifie également la meilleure pratique sur toute l'étendue de la gamme des normes internationales et nationales. Lorsque des normes END internationales ou nationales sont référencées dans le présent document, d'autres normes équivalentes peuvent être considérées comme acceptables sous réserve de l'approbation du client.
L'examen visuel inclus dans la présente norme n'est pas censé comprendre le contrôle d'entrée pour, par exemple, les matières premières, les détériorations dues au transport, au stockage et à la manutention, et la vérification d'approvisionnement des pièces. De plus, les examens visuels réalisés dans le cadre des END (discontinuités, structure de surface) ne couvrent pas les examens visuels de la norme « Contrôle de la propreté et de la contamination ».
Les exigences minimales concernant la documentation d'END sont spécifiées dans les DRD des Annexes.
La présente norme ne traite pas des critères d'acceptation des composants, structures et pièces soumis à cet examen ; il est supposé que ces critères soient identifiés dans les documents spécifiques d'application du programme.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux composants EEE.
La présente norme peut être adaptée aux caractéristiques et contraintes spécifiques d'un projet spatial conformément à l'ECSS-S-ST-00.

Zagotavljanje kakovosti proizvodov v vesoljski tehniki - Neporušitvene preiskave

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 08-Sep-2018
• Publication Date: 12-Sep-2021
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 09-Sep-2021
• Due Date: 14-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 13-Sep-2021
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: EN 16602-70-15:2021 - Space product assurance - Non-destructive testing

Overview

SIST EN 16602-70-15:2021 - "Space product assurance – Non‑destructive testing" defines NDI/NDT requirements for flight parts, components and structures used in space missions. The standard sets out accepted non‑destructive inspection methods, process qualification rules for non‑standard techniques and complex components, and certification levels for NDT personnel. It also identifies best practice across international and national standards and specifies minimum NDT documentation requirements in the DRDs (Data Requirement Descriptions) of the Annexes.

Important scope notes:

• Visual inspection in this standard excludes routine incoming inspection (raw materials, transport/storage damage, procurement verification).
• Acceptance criteria for inspected items are not included - these must be provided by program‑specific documentation.
• The standard does not apply to EEE components.
• It may be tailored to project specifics in conformance with ECSS‑S‑ST‑00.

Key technical topics and requirements

• Principles and generic requirements for space NDT, including handling of discontinuities and cracks.
• NDT process control and configuration: procedure capability demonstration, process limitations, calibration and reference blocks.
• Personnel: certification and qualification levels required for NDT operators and examiners.
• Documentation: minimum content and DRD requirements for NDT records and reports.
• NDT methods covered (detailed guidance provided):
  • Visual testing (VT)
  • Leak testing
  • Penetrant testing (PT)
  • Eddy‑current testing (ET)
  • Magnetic particle testing (MT)
  • X‑ray radiographic testing (RT)
  • Ultrasonic testing (UT), including thickness gauges and digital UT
  • Proof testing
• Special topics: NDT of welds, product‑type guidance (wrought, forgings, castings, laminated composites), and fracture control NDT practices.
• Qualification of non‑standard NDI techniques and complex geometries to demonstrate capability for flight hardware.

Practical applications - who uses this standard

SIST EN 16602‑70‑15:2021 is essential for:

• Aerospace manufacturers and system integrators specifying NDT requirements for flight hardware.
• NDT engineers and inspection teams developing procedures, capability demonstrations and reports.
• Quality assurance managers and program leads ensuring conformance to space product assurance policies.
• Suppliers and subcontractors supplying flight‑worthy components who must meet certification and documentation DRDs.
• Certification authorities and project auditors evaluating NDT practices on space programs.

Related standards and tailoring

• The standard is intended to be tailored in line with ECSS‑S‑ST‑00 for specific project constraints.
• It harmonizes best practice with existing international and national NDT standards; users should reference program acceptance criteria and applicable EN/ISO/NAS standards where required.

Keywords: SIST EN 16602‑70‑15:2021, space product assurance, non‑destructive testing, NDT, NDI, personnel certification, DRD, ECSS.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2021
Zagotavljanje kakovosti proizvodov v vesoljski tehniki - Neporušitvene preiskave
Space product assurance - Non-destructive testing
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung oder zerstörungsfreie Inspektion
Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Essais non destructifs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16602-70-15:2021
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 16602-70-15
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2021
ICS 19.100; 49.140
English version
Space product assurance - Non-destructive testing
Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Essais non Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Zerstörungsfreie
destructifs Prüfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 May 2021.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. EN 16602-70-15:2021 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 8
Introduction . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 14
3.1 Terms from other standards . 14
3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 14
3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 16
3.4 Nomenclature . 17
3.4.1 Formal verbs . 17
3.4.2 Conventions . 18
4 Principles . 19
5 Generic requirements. 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Discontinuities and cracks . 22
5.3 NDT drawing callouts . 22
5.4 NDT process and configuration control . 22
5.5 NDT procedure capability demonstration . 23
5.6 Organizational guidelines and documentation requirement . 24
5.7 NDT personnel qualification and certification . 24
6 NDT methods . 25
6.1 Visual testing . 25
6.1.1 Overview . 25
6.1.1.1 General process for visual testing . 25
6.1.1.2 Visual testing process variations . 25
6.1.2 General visual testing requirements . 25
6.1.3 Visual testing equipment . 26
6.1.3.1 Overview. 26
6.1.3.2 Requirements for visual testing equipment . 26
6.1.4 Visual testing application . 26
6.1.5 Visual testing documentation . 27
6.1.6 Visual testing process control . 27
6.1.7 Visual testing process limitations and peculiarities . 27
6.2 Leak testing . 28
6.2.1 Overview . 28
6.2.1.1 General process for leak testing . 28
6.2.1.2 Leak testing process variations . 28
6.2.2 General leak test requirements . 29
6.2.3 Process application . 29
6.2.3.1 Leak test procedure . 29
6.2.3.2 Leak test documentation . 30
6.3 Penetrant testing . 30
6.3.1 Overview . 30
6.3.1.1 General process for penetrant testing . 30
6.3.1.2 Penetrant testing process variations . 30
6.3.2 General penetrant testing requirements . 31
6.3.3 Penetrant testing equipment . 32
6.3.3.1 Overview. 32
6.3.3.2 Requirements for penetrant testing equipment . 32
6.3.4 Penetrant testing process application . 32
6.3.5 Penetrant testing documentation . 34
6.3.6 Penetrant testing process control . 34
6.3.7 Penetrant testing process limitations and peculiarities . 34
6.3.7.1 Overview. 34
6.3.7.2 Etching requirements . 35
6.3.8 Standard penetrant fracture control NDT . 35
6.3.8.1 Overview. 35
6.3.8.2 Standard fracture control NDT requirements . 36
6.4 Eddy-current testing . 36
6.4.1 Overview . 36
6.4.1.1 General process for eddy-current testing . 36
6.4.1.2 Eddy-current process limitations and peculiarities . 37
6.4.2 Eddy-current testing general requirements . 37
6.4.3 Eddy current testing process variations . 38
6.4.4 Eddy current equipment . 38
6.4.4.1 General . 38
6.4.4.2 Instruments for the eddy-current testing . 38
6.4.4.3 Probes for the eddy-current testing . 38
6.4.4.4 Test-setup for the eddy current testing . 38
6.4.5 Eddy-current testing process application . 39
6.4.6 Eddy current testing documentation . 39
6.4.7 Eddy current testing process control . 39
6.4.7.1 Overview. 39
6.4.7.2 Reference material blocks for the eddy-current testing . 39
6.4.8 Standard eddy-current fracture control NDT . 40
6.4.8.1 Overview. 40
6.4.8.2 Standard eddy current testing requirements . 40
6.5 Magnetic particle testing . 41
6.5.1 Overview . 41
6.5.1.1 General magnetic particle testing process . 41
6.5.1.2 Magnetic particle testing process variations . 41
6.5.2 General magnetic particle testing requirements . 42
6.5.3 Magnetic particle testing equipment . 42
6.5.3.1 General . 42
6.5.3.2 Dry particles . 42
6.5.3.3 Wet particles . 42
6.5.3.4 Fluorescent particles . 43
6.5.4 Magnetic particle testing process application . 43
6.5.5 MT documentation . 44
6.5.6 MT process control . 44
6.5.7 MT process limitations and peculiarities . 44
6.5.8 Standard magnetic particle fracture control NDT . 44
6.5.8.1 Overview. 44
6.5.8.2 Standard magnetic particle NDT requirements . 45
6.6 X-ray radiographic testing . 45
6.6.1 Overview . 45
6.6.1.1 General process . 45
6.6.1.2 X-ray radiographic testing process variations . 45
6.6.2 General X-ray radiographic testing requirements . 46
6.6.3 X-ray radiographic equipment . 46
6.6.4 X-ray radiographic testing process application . 46
6.6.5 X-ray radiographic testing documentation . 47
6.6.6 X-ray radiographic testing process control . 47
6.6.7 Standard X-ray radiographic fracture control NDT . 47
6.6.7.1 Overview. 47
6.6.7.2 X-ray radiographic testing requirements . 47
6.7 Ultrasonic testing . 48
6.7.1 Overview . 48
6.7.1.1 General process for ultrasonic testing . 48
6.7.1.2 Ultrasonic testing process variations . 48
6.7.2 General . 52
6.7.3 Ultrasonic testing equipment . 52
6.7.3.1 General requirements . 52
6.7.3.2 Couplants . 52
6.7.3.3 Search units . 53
6.7.4 Ultrasonic testing process application . 53
6.7.4.1 General . 53
6.7.4.2 Scanning . 53
6.7.4.3 Scanning index . 53
6.7.4.4 Qualification . 54
6.7.4.5 Ultrasonic test documentation . 54
6.7.5 Ultrasonic testing process control . 54
6.7.5.1 Ultrasonic testing calibration sensitivity and limitations . 54
6.7.5.2 Ultrasonic thickness gauge . 55
6.7.5.3 Digital ultrasonic thickness gauge . 55
6.7.5.4 Reference blocks . 55
6.7.6 Ultrasonic testing process limitations and peculiarities . 56
6.7.6.1 Overview. 56
6.7.7 Standard ultrasonic fracture control NDT . 57
6.7.7.1 Overview. 57
6.7.7.2 Standard ultrasonic testing requirements . 57
6.8 Proof testing . 58
6.8.1 Overview . 58
6.8.2 Proof testing requirements . 58
7 Non-destructive testing of welds . 59
8 Non-destructive testing of products . 60
8.1 Overview . 60
8.2 General . 60
8.3 Wrought products . 61
8.3.1 Overview . 61
8.3.2 Raw material testing . 61
8.3.3 Common wrought discontinuities . 62
8.4 Forgings . 62
8.4.1 Overview . 62
8.4.2 Raw material testing . 62
8.4.3 Common forging discontinuities . 63
8.5 Castings . 63
8.5.1 Overview . 63
8.5.2 Raw material testing . 63
8.5.2.1 General . 63
8.5.2.2 Penetrant testing of castings . 63
8.5.2.3 Ultrasonic testing of castings . 64
8.5.2.4 X-ray radiographic testing of castings . 64
8.5.2.5 X-Ray computed tomographic (CT) of castings . 64
8.5.2.6 Common casting discontinuities . 64
8.6 Laminated composite materials . 65
8.6.1 Overview . 65
8.6.2 Raw material testing . 65
8.6.2.1 Overview. 65
8.6.2.2 Testing of intermediate products . 66
8.6.3 Inspection techniques for composites. 66
8.6.3.1 General . 66
8.6.3.2 X-Ray Radiographic testing of composites . 66
8.6.3.3 X-ray Computed Tomographic (CT) Inspection of Composites . 66
8.6.3.4 Guided In-Plane Wave Inspection of Composites . 67
8.6.3.5 Ultrasonic C-Scan and Phased Array (PAUT) of Composites . 67
8.6.3.6 Common discontinuities of Composites . 67
8.6.4 NDT for joining dissimilar materials . 68
8.6.4.1 Overview. 68
8.6.4.2 Steps for specifying NDT for difficult features . 68
8.6.4.3 NDT Coupled with Destructive Testing as Quality Control . 69
9 Non-destructive testing of PFCI . 70
9.1 General . 70
9.1.1 Overview . 70
9.1.2 General requirements . 71
9.1.3 Capability demonstration . 72
9.1.4 Testing of raw material . 72
9.1.5 Testing of safe life finished parts . 73
9.2 Non-destructive testing of metallic materials . 73
9.2.1 General requirements . 73
9.2.2 NDT categories versus initial crack size . 74
9.2.2.1 Standard fracture control NDT . 74
9.2.2.2 Special fracture control NDT . 79
9.2.2.3 Crack screening proof test . 81
9.2.3 Inspection procedure requirements for Standard fracture control NDT . 81
9.2.3.1 Overview. 81
9.2.3.2 Requirements . 81
9.3 NDT for composites, bonded and sandwich parts . 82
9.3.1 Overview . 82
9.3.2 Testing requirements . 82
9.3.2.1 General requirements . 82
9.3.2.2 Close visual testing . 82
9.3.2.3 NDT methods other than close visual testing. 82
Annex A (normative) NDT plan - DRD . 84
A.1 DRD identification . 84
A.2 Expected response . 84
Annex B (normative) NDT report - DRD . 86
B.1 DRD identification . 86
B.2 Expected response . 86
Annex C (normative) NDT procedure - DRD . 91
C.1 DRD identification . 91
C.2 Expected response . 91
Annex D (normative) Eddy-current testing instruction - DRD . 92
D.1 DRD identification . 92
D.2 Expected response . 92
Annex E (informative) Catalogue of potential discontinuities . 93
Annex F (informative) Example for POD evaluation , software and
documentation . 95
F.1 Theory . 95
F.2 POD demonstration . 96
Annex G (informative) Complementary material information . 99
G.1 Overview . 99
G.2 Forgings and rolled products . 99
G.3 Castings . 101
G.4 Composite products . 101
G.5 Ceramics . 103
Bibliography . 104

Figures
Figure 4-1: Flow chart showing steps to be taken for a part and choice of NDT method
and technique . 19
Figure 6-1: A-Scan, typical display of ultrasonic signals . 49
Figure 6-2: B-Scan, typical display of ultrasonic signals . 50
Figure 6-3: C-Scan, typical display of ultrasonic signals . 50
Figure 6-4: S-Scan, typical display of ultrasonic signals . 51
Figure 9-1: Initial crack geometries for parts without holes . 77
Figure 9-2: Initial crack geometries for parts with holes . 78
Figure 9-3: Initial crack geometries for cylindrical parts . 78

Tables
Table 6-1: Examples of acceptance limits leak test rates . 29
Table 8-1: Thickness differences between sheet and plate . 61
Table 9-1: Initial crack size summary, Standard fracture control NDT . 75

European Foreword
This document (EN 16602-70-15:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN-CENELEC/TC 5
“Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This standard (EN 16602-70-15:2021) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-15C.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence
over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This standard specifies general requirements for flight parts. It also covers
specific requirements for flight metallic components, structures and composite
parts used for space missions. It does not explicitly cover all the flight parts,
components, structures and techniques. Consequently, some techniques as
acoustic emission, shearography, IR thermography or specific guided waves
techniques are not addressed in detail and are to be agreed per NDT plan, in line
with the general requirements of clauses 5 and 9 (and covered by Annexes).
Non-destructive testing (NDT) covers a wide range of processes used in quality
control. The generic term NDT covers several sub processes such as Dye
Penetrant testing (PT), Radiographic testing (RT), Magnetic particle testing (MT),
Ultrasonic testing (UT) and Eddy current testing (ET). The processes are applied
at the discretion of the design authority depending on the criticality of the part
or component and inherent risk of the manufacturing process to create
detrimental discontinuities. It is expected that every component used in
spaceflight is subjected to some level of NDT in accordance with the present
standard, which complements the ECSS-Q-ST-70-39 “Welding of metallic
materials for flight hardware”.
The lack of NDT control throughout the supply chain has been evident in all
space projects across the Europe. As no standard was in place at that time this
has resulted in inconsistency in the rationale and application for NDT selection.
NDT is generally applied for quality control to ensure that components are free
of unacceptable discontinuities. NDT is used in cases, in which the damage or
destruction of the item under test is not desired. Examples for this are root cause
analysis and quality control to ensure that components are free of discontinuities.
For some components the NDT methods used form the basis of the fracture and
fatigue verification and thus the assurance of design margins. The level of NDT
(testing level) is expected to be decided based on the manufacturing processes
applied and the criticality of the part or component and the impact if that part
fails in service.
Scope
This standard specifies NDT requirements for flight parts, components and
structures used for space missions. It covers the NDT methods and stipulates the
certification levels for personnel. The qualification of such processes are also
specified for non-standard NDT techniques or where complex components are
concerned. This standard also identifies the best practice across the large range
of international and national standards. When international or national NDT
standards are referenced within this document, alternative equivalent standards
can be considered acceptable subject to customer approval.
Visual testing included in this standard is not intended to include incoming
inspection of, for example, raw materials, damage during transport, storage and
handling and parts procurement verification. Furthermore, the visual testing
performed in the NDT (discontinuities, surface structure) does not cover the
visual testing in the Cleanliness and Contamination standard.
The minimum requirements for NDT documentation are specified in the DRDs
of the Annexes.
This standard does not cover the acceptance criteria of components, structures
and parts submitted to this examination; it is expected that these criteria are
identified on specific program application documentation.
This Standard does not apply to EEE components.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constraints of a
space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN reference Reference in text Title
EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system – Glossary of terms
EN 16601-40 ECSS-M-ST-40 Space management – Configuration and information
management
EN 16602-10 ECSS-Q-ST-10 Space product assurance – Product assurance
management
EN 16602-10-09 ECSS-Q-ST-10-09 Space product assurance – Nonconformance control
system
EN 16602-20 ECSS-Q-ST-20 Space product assurance – Quality assurance
EN 16602-70-39 ECSS-Q-ST-70-39 Space product assurance -Welding of metallic
materials for flight hardware
EN 16603-32 ECSS-E-ST-32 Space engineering – Structural general requirements
EN 16603-32-01 ECSS-E-ST-32-01 Space engineering – Fracture control
EN 4179:2017 Aerospace series – Qualification and approval of
personnel for non-destructive testing
EN 12668-1:2010 Non-destructive testing – Characterization and
verification of ultrasonic examination equipment –
Part 1: Instruments
EN 12668-2:2010 Non-destructive testing – Characterization and
verification of ultrasonic examination equipment –
Part 2: Probes
EN 13068-3:2001 Non-destructive testing – Radioscopic testing –
Part 3: general principles or radioscopic testing of
metallic materials by x- and gamma rays
EN 1779:1999/A1:2003 Non-destructive testing – Leak testing – Criteria for
method and technique selection
EN ISO 17637:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds – Visual testing of
fusion-welded joints
EN ISO 3452-1:2013 Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part
1: General principles
EN ISO 3452-2:2013 Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
EN ISO 3452-3:2013 Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 3:
Reference test blocks
EN ISO 5579:2013 Non-destructive testing – Radiographic testing of
metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays –
Basic rules
EN ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and
certification of NDT personnel
EN ISO 9934-1:2016 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing –
Part 1: General principles
EN ISO 9934-2:2015 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing –
Part 2: Detection media
EN ISO 9934-3:2015 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing –
Part 3: Equipment
EN ISO 15548-1:2013 Non-destructive testing – Equipment for eddy
current examination – Part 1: Instrument
characteristics and verification
EN ISO 15548-2:2013 Non-destructive testing – Equipment for eddy
current examination – Part 2: Probe characteristics
and verification
EN ISO 15548-3:2008 Non-destructive testing – Equipment for eddy
current examination – Part 3: System characteristics
and verification
EN ISO 15549:2019 Non-destructive testing – Eddy current testing –
General principles
EN ISO 15708-2:2019 Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods for
computed tomography – Part 2: Principles,
equipment and samples
EN ISO 15708-4:2019 Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods for
computed tomography – Part 4: Qualification
EN ISO 16810:2014 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing –
General principles
EN ISO 16811:2014 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing –
Sensitivity and range setting
EN ISO 17635:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for
metallic materials
EN ISO 17636-1:2013 Non-destructive testing of welds – Radiographic
testing – Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with
film
EN ISO 17636-2:2013 Non-destructive testing of welds – Radiographic
testing – Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with
digital detectors
EN ISO 17640:2018 Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing
– Techniques, testing levels and assessment
ASTM E 127:2019 Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Flat
Bottomed Hole Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
ASTM E 164:2019 Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of
Weldments
ASTM E 426:2016 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy
Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded
Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless
Steel and Similar Alloys
ASTM B 594:2019 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of
Aluminium-Alloy Wrought Products
ASTM E Standard guide for storage of radiographs and
1254:2013(2018) unexposed industrial radiographic films
ASTM E 1417/1417M- Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
11:2016
ASTM E 1444/ Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1444M:2016
ASTM E 1734:2016 Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of
Castings
ASTM E 1742/ Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
E1742M:2018
ASTM E 1814:2014 Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT)
Examination of Castings
ASTM E 2375:2016 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought
Products
ASTM E Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation and
2445/M2445M:2020 Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiography
Systems
ASTM E 2698:2018-e1 Standard Practice for Radiological Examination
Using Digital Detector Arrays
IR99: 1999 Ionizing Radiation Regulations 1999
NAS 410:2014 NAS Certification and Qualification of Non
Destructive Test Personnel
SAE-ARP-4402:2013 Eddy Current Inspection of Open Fastener Holes in
Aluminium Aircraft Structure
SAE-AS-4787:2013 Eddy Current Inspection of Circular Holes in
Nonferrous Metallic Aircraft Engine Hardware
SAE-AMS- Process for Inspection, ultrasonic, wrought metals
2154D:202020
SAE-AMS-2647:2009 Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection Aircraft and Engine
Component Maintenance
SAE-AMS-2644:2006 Inspection material penetrant
QPL-AMS-2644:2016 Inspection material, penetrant
Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms from other standards
a. For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-
ST-00-01 apply.
b. For the purposed of this Standards, the term and definition from ECSS-E-
ST-32-01 apply:
1. safe life potential fracture critical item
NOTE This definition is equivalent to the definition of
"damage tolerant fracture critical items" in
NASA standards like NASA-STD-5019.
3.2 Terms specific to the present standard
3.2.1 black light (UVA light)
near ultraviolet radiation used for exciting fluorescence
3.2.2 close visual testing
close proximity, intense visual examination of the internal and external surfaces
of a structure, including structural details or locations, for indications of impact
damage, flaws, and other surface defects
NOTE 1 The testing capability is evaluated by the surface
deflection measurement (impact depth).
NOTE 2 Close visual testing is considered to detect
reliably a deflection larger than the visual
damage threshold (VDT).
3.2.3 Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
series of wires or series of plates-containing holes having different diameters
3.2.4 NDT method
disciplines of non-destructive testing within which different techniques exist
NOTE Example of the different techniques are:
ultrasonic and radiography.
[Based on EN 4179:2017]
3.2.5 NDT instruction
written description of the precise steps to be followed in testing to an established
standard, code, specification or NDT procedure
NOTE This standard specifies in all cases an NDT
procedure.
3.2.6 NDT technique
specific way of utilizing an NDT method
NOTE For example, ultrasonic immersion technique.
[adapted from EN 4179:2017]
3.2.7 NDT procedure
written description of all essential parameters and precautions to be applied
when non-destructively testing products in accordance with standard(s), code(s)
or specification(s)
NOTE An NDT procedure can involve the application
of more than one NDT method or technique.
3.2.8 responsible Level 3
a level 3 designated by the employer with the responsibility and authority to
ensure that the requirements of this standard are met to act on behalf of the
employer
[EN 4179:2017]
3.2.9 special fracture control NDT
NDT methods applied in the context of fracture control implementation on safe
life items that are capable of detecting cracks or crack‐like discontinuities smaller
than those assumed detectable by standard fracture control NDT or do not
conform to the requirements for standard fracture control NDT
[adapted from “Special NDI” definition of ECSS-E-ST-32-01C (2008)]
NOTE Special NDT methods are not limited to
fluorescent penetrant, radiography, ultrasonic,
eddy current, and magnetic particle.
3.2.10 standard fracture control NDT
NDT methods of metallic materials for which the required statistically based
detection capability has been established.
[adapted from “Special NDT” definition of ECSS-E-ST-32-01]
NOTE Standard NDT methods addressed by this
document are limited to fluorescent penetrant,
radiography, ultrasonic, eddy current, and
magnetic particle.
3.2.11 personnel qualification
skills, training, knowledge, examinations, experience and visual capability
required for personnel to properly perform to a particular level
[adapted from EN 4179:2017]
3.2.12 personnel certification
written statement by an employer that an individual has met the applicable
requirements
[adapted from EN 4179:2017]
NOTE In some standards employer is called certifying
agency or body.
3.2.13 product family
combination of the following penetrant testing materials: penetrant, excess
penetrant remover and developer
[adapted from EN ISO 3452-2:2013]
3.2.14 NDT procedure verification
process of certifying the efficacy of a testing process through a demonstration, on
a representative structure, in a representative environment, and by
representative testing personnel
[adapted from MIL-HDBK-6870B]
NOTE 1 Equipment, reference standards and written
procedures are all examples of items that are
included in the procedure verification process.
NOTE 2 The term "qualification" from the ECSS-Q-ST-70-
15 is synonymous with the term "verification"
used in ECSS documentation.
NOTE 3 Examples for processes to be certified are testing
process and manufacturing process.
3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols
For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms and symbols from ECSS-
S-ST-00-01 and the following apply:
Abbreviation Meaning
Aerospace Material Specification
AMS
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM
computed radiography
CR
computed tomography
CT
digital detector a
...