SIST EN 81-43:2009

Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes

This document specifies the safety requirements for the construction and installation of power operated lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces on cranes, by authorised persons. This includes intended use, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance. The lift serves defined landing levels and has a load carrying unit which is: a) designed for the transportation of persons and goods; b) guided; c) travelling vertically or along a path within 15 degrees maximum from the vertical; d) supported by rack and pinion or suspended by steel wire ropes; e) travelling with a speed not more than 1,0 m/s for permanent lifts and not more than 0,4 m/s for temporary lifts. This document identifies hazards as listed in Clause 4 which arise during the various phases in the life of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when used as intended by the manufacturer. This document does not specify the additional requirements for: a) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields); b) lightning protection; c) operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres); d) electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity); e) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations; f) the use of combustion engines; g) hydraulic drive units; h) hazards occurring during manufacturing process; i) hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road; j) earthquakes; k) noise (see also Directive on noise emissions from machines used outdoors (2000/14/EC)). This standard is not applicable to: a) builders hoists according to EN 12158-1:2000, EN 12158-2:2000 and EN 12159:2000; b) elevating control stations according to EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008; c) lifts according to EN 81-1:1998; d) work platforms carried on the forks of fork trucks; e) work platforms; f) funiculars; g) lifts specially designed for military purposes; h) mine lifts; i) theatre elevators. This standard deals with the complete lift design but excludes the design of the crane. It includes the base frame and base enclosure but excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or other foundation arrangement. It includes the design of mast ties and the design of anchorage parts between the mast tie and the crane structure. This standard also includes the design of the landing gates and their fixings.

Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von Aufzügen - Besondere Aufzüge für den Transport von Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge

1.1   Diese Norm legt die Sicherheitsregeln fest für Konstruktion und Installation von kraftbetriebenen Aufzügen, die an Kranen befestigt und für den Zugang zu Arbeitsplätzen durch befugte Personen bestimmt sind. Der Aufzug bedient definierte Ladestellen und besitzt ein Lastaufnahmemittel, das:
- für den Transport von Personen und Gütern ausgelegt ist;
- geführt ist;
- vertikal oder entlang einem um maximal 15 Grad aus der Senkrechten geneigten Weg verfährt;
- durch Zahnstangenantrieb getragen wird oder an einem Stahlseil aufgehängt ist.
1.2   Diese Norm beschreibt sowohl Gefährdungen, die während der Lebensdauer eines solchen Gerätes entstehen (siehe Abschnitt 4), als auch Methoden zur Beseitigung oder Verringerung dieser Gefährdungen, soweit die Maschine bestimmungsgemäß verwendet wird.
1.3   Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt nicht die zusätzlichen Anforderungen für
- den Betrieb unter erschwerten Bedingungen (z. B. in extremen Klimazonen oder bei starken magnetischen Feldern);
- den Blitzschutz;
- den Betrieb unter besonderen Anforderungen (z. B. in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen);
ANMERKUNG   Die Richtlinie 94/9/EC bezüglich Geräte und Schutzsysteme, die in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen eingesetzt werden sollen, kann auf den Maschinen- oder Gerätetyp anwendbar sein, der von dieser Europäischen Norm abgedeckt wird. Die vorliegende Norm soll keine Mittel zur Einhaltung der wichtigen Arbeitsschutzforderungen der Richtlinie 94/9/EC bereitstellen.
- die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Störaussendung, Störfestigkeit);
- den Umgang mit Gütern, deren Eigenschaften zu einer gefährlichen Situation führen können (z. B. schmelz-flüssiges Metall, Säuren/Basen, strahlende Materialien, leicht zerbrechliche Lasten);
- die Verwendung von Verbrennungsmotoren;
- hydraulische Antriebe;
- Gefährdungen während der Herstellung;

Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Élévateurs particuliers destinés au transport des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue

1.1   Le présent document spécifie les règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation d'élévateurs motorisés reliés aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue et destinés à permettre l'accès aux postes de travail, aux personnes autorisées. Ceci inclut l’utilisation prévue, le montage, le démontage et la maintenance. L'élévateur dessert des paliers définis et comporte un dispositif porte-charge :
   conçu pour le transport des personnes et des matériaux ;
   guidé ;
   se déplaçant verticalement ou le long de guides, dont l'angle maximal avec la verticale ne dépasse pas 15 degrés ;
   supporté par un pignon et une crémaillère ou soutenu par un câble d'acier.
1.2   Le présent document identifie les phénomènes dangereux énumérés à l'article 4 qui apparaissent au cours des diverse s phases de la durée de vie d'un tel appareil et décrit les méthodes visant à l'élimination, voire la réduction de ces phénomènes dangereux lorsque ledit appareil est utilisé tel que prévu par le fabricant.
1.3   Le présent document ne spécifie pas les prescriptions supplémentaires concernant :
   l'utilisation dans des conditions difficiles (par exemple dans des zones climatiques extrêmes ou en cas de champs magnétiques forts) ;
   la protection contre la foudre ;
   l'utilisation soumise à des règles spéciales (par exemple atmosphères explosibles) ;
NOTE   La Directive 94/9/CE concernant les appareils et les systèmes de protection destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosibles peut s'appliquer au type de machine ou d'appareil couvert par la présente Norme européenne. La présente norme n'est pas destinée à fournir les moyens de satisfaire aux exigences essentielles de sécurité et de santé de la Directive 94/9/CE.
   la compatibilité électromagnétique (émission - immunité) ;
   la manutention de charges dont la nature peut conduire à des situations dangereuses ;
   l'utilisation de moteurs à combustion ;
   les entraînements hydrauliques ;

Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebna dvigala za prevoz oseb in blaga - 43. del: Dvigala za žerjave

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Sep-2009
• ICS: 53.020.20 - Cranes
• ICS: 91.140.90 - Lifts. Escalators
• Technical Committee: DTN - Lift and transport appliances
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 14-Aug-2009
• Due Date: 19-Oct-2009
• Completion Date: 03-Sep-2009
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/008 - Standardization mandate given to CEN concerning machinery presenting hazards due to the lifting or moving of persons
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: EN 81-43:2009 - Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes

Relations

• Revises: oSIST prEN 81-43:2021 - Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revises: oSIST prEN 81-43:2021 - Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Revised: oSIST prEN 81-43:2021 - Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
• Effective Date: 21-Aug-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 81-43:2009
01-oktober-2009
Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebna dvigala za
prevoz oseb in blaga - 43. del: Dvigala za žerjave
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of
persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von Aufzügen - Besondere
Aufzüge für den Transport von Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Élévateurs
particuliers destinés au transport des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs
pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 81-43:2009
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
91.140.90 'YLJDOD7HNRþHVWRSQLFH Lifts. Escalators
SIST EN 81-43:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 81-43:2009

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 81-43
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2009
ICS 53.020.20; 91.140.90
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special
lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for
cranes
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von
élévateurs - Élévateurs particuliers destinés au transport Aufzügen - Besondere Aufzüge für den Transport von
des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-43:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 List of significant hazards . 11
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Load combinations and calculations. 14
5.3 Base frame . 19
5.4 Mast, ties and buffers . 19
5.5 Liftway protection and landing access . 20
5.6 Car . 26
5.7 Drive unit . 30
5.8 Electric installations and appliances . 36
5.9 Control and limiting devices . 39
5.10 Breakdown conditions . 41
6 Verification . 43
6.1 Verification of design . 43
6.2 Special verification tests . 45
6.3 Verification tests on each lift before first use . 49
7 User information . 49
7.1 Instruction handbook . 49
7.2 Markings . 54
7.3 Marking of control elements . 56
Annex A (normative) European stormwind map . 57
Annex B (normative) Electric safety devices . 58
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 59
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 60
Bibliography . 61


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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Figures
Figure 1 — One example of forces during loading and unloading . 15
Figure 2 — One example of a full height landing gate . 22
Figure 3 — Safety distances for a moving lift car, reduced height landing gates. 23
Figure 4 — Reduced height landing gates . 24
Figure 5 — Correct mesh of pinion tooth . 32
Figure 6 — Minimum mesh of pinion tooth . 33
Figure 7 — Correct engagement of tooth . 33
Figure 8 — Minimum engagement of tooth . 33
Figure A.1 — European stormwind map . 57

Tables
Table 1 — Hazards relating to the general design and construction of lifts for persons
and materials . 12
Table 2 — Load cases and safety factors . 17
Table 3 — Means of verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 43
Table B.1 — List of electric safety devices . 58

3

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 81-43:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators
and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is part of the EN 81 series of standards: "Safety rules for the construction and installation of
lifts". This is the first edition.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives 98/37/EC and
2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
4

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards produced by CEN/TC 10/SC 1 as part of the CEN programme
of work to produce machinery safety standards.
This document is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.
This document gives details for the complete installation.
In order to achieve a safe installation of a lift on a crane negotiations shall take place between the
manufacturer of the lift and the crane user organisation about the interfaces (e.g. lift way protection,
supporting structure, power supplies, suitability of alarm devices) regarding the responsibility for the supply of
these requirements.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard."
5

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)

1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the safety requirements for the construction and installation of power operated
lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces on cranes, by authorised persons. This includes
intended use, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance. The lift serves defined landing levels and
has a load carrying unit which is:
a) designed for the transportation of persons and goods;
b) guided;
c) travelling vertically or along a path within 15 degrees maximum from the vertical;
d) supported by rack and pinion or suspended by steel wire ropes;
e) travelling with a speed not more than 1,0 m/s for permanent lifts and not more than 0,4 m/s for temporary
lifts.
1.2 This document identifies hazards as listed in Clause 4 which arise during the various phases in the life
of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when used as
intended by the manufacturer.
1.3 This document does not specify the additional requirements for:
a) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields);
b) lightning protection;
c) operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
NOTE Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present
standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of Directive
94/9/EC.
d) electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity);
e) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations;
f) the use of combustion engines;
g) hydraulic drive units;
h) hazards occurring during manufacturing process;
i) hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road;
j) earthquakes;
k) noise (see also Directive on noise emissions from machines used outdoors (2000/14/EC)).
1.4 This standard is not applicable to:
a) builders hoists according to EN 12158-1:2000, EN 12158-2:2000 and EN 12159:2000;
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
b) elevating control stations according to EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008;
c) lifts according to EN 81-1:1998;
d) work platforms carried on the forks of fork trucks;
e) work platforms;
f) funiculars;
g) lifts specially designed for military purposes;
h) mine lifts;
i) theatre elevators.
1.5 This standard deals with the complete lift design but excludes the design of the crane. It includes the
base frame and base enclosure but excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or other foundation
arrangement. It includes the design of mast ties and the design of anchorage parts between the mast tie and
the crane structure. This standard also includes the design of the landing gates and their fixings.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts
EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 1037:1995+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1088:1995+A2:2008, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection
EN 1808:1999, Safety requirements on suspended access equipment — Design calculations, stability criteria,
construction — Tests
EN 1999-1-1:2007, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 12159:2000, Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes — Access
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
EN 60947-4-1:2001, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters —
Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000)
EN 60947-5-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
EN ISO 14121-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 1: Principles (ISO 14121-1:2007)
ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs in workplaces and public areas
ISO 4309:2004, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard
ISO 6336-1:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength
ISO 6336-5:2003, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
lift
machine with a car which is guided and intended for transport between different levels
3.2
working load/rated load
maximum load which the lift has been designed to carry in service
3.3
rated speed
travelling speed of the car in m/s for which the equipment has been designed
3.4
wire rope lift
lift which uses wire rope as the load suspension system
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
3.5
supporting structure
crane and its foundations, giving vertical or horizontal support to the mast of the lift
3.6
rack and pinion lift
lift which uses a toothed rack and pinion as the load suspension system
3.7
base frame
lowest framework of the lift, upon which all other components are mounted
3.8
guide rails
rigid elements which determine the travel way of the load carrying unit, that may form part of the mast
3.9
mast
lift mast is the structure that supports the load carrying unit
3.10
mast section
indivisible piece of mast, between two adjacent mast joints
3.11
mast tie
connection system between the mast of the lift and the supporting structure, providing horizontal support for
the mast
3.12
liftway
total space which is travelled by the load carrying unit
3.13
car
load carrying unit including floor, walls, gates and roof
3.14
stopping distances
distance the load carrying unit moves from the moment, when the control or safety circuit is broken until the
load carrying unit has come to a full stop
3.15
overspeed safety device
combination of a) overspeed detecting device and b) safety gear
a) overspeed detecting device: a device which, when the lift attains a predetermined speed causes the
safety gear to be triggered/applied
b) safety gear: a mechanical device for stopping and maintaining stationary the lift car on the guide rail, rack
or rope
3.16
slack rope
rope, normally under tension, from which all external loads have been removed
3.17
wire rope termination
adaptation at the end of a wire rope permitting attachment
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
3.18
landing
level in the crane structure intended for loading and unloading the load carrying unit
3.19
guard rail
fixed equipment, other than gates, which is used to prevent people from falling or from reaching hazardous
areas
3.20
normal operation
usual operating conditions for the lift when in use for carrying loads but excluding routine maintenance,
erection, dismantling etc. of the lift (maintenance is considered in this standard)
3.21
in service
condition during use of the lift when the load carrying unit is in any position, loaded or unloaded, moving or
stationary
3.22
out of service
installed condition when the load carrying unit is positioned such that it is provided with the most shelter from
the wind. This is normally, but not necessarily, ground level. The load carrying unit is unloaded
3.23
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with the
necessary instructions to enable the required procedures to be carried out
3.24
overrun
travel of the car beyond the normal stopping positions at its uppermost and its lowermost landing (including
jumping)
3.25
authorised person
competent person having permission to use the lift
3.26
safety chain
safety contacts or/and safety circuits in series, stopping the machine
3.27
safety circuit
device(s) instead of a safety contact (e. g. non safety contacts in combination with a safety relay)
3.28
temporary installed lifts for cranes
lifts attached to tower cranes on temporary works e. g. construction sites and intended for access to
workplaces by authorised persons, which shall then be removed when the construction is over
3.29
permanent installed lifts for cranes
lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces by authorised persons, not covered by 3.28
3.30
safety rope
steel wire rope, only carrying the load when the safety device is activated
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action
to eliminate or reduce the risk. The significant hazards are based upon EN ISO 14121-1:2007. Also shown are
the sub-clause references to the safety requirements and/or protective measures in this standard. Before
using this standard it is important to carry out a risk assessment of lifts to check that it has the hazards
identified in this clause.
11

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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Table 1 — Hazards relating to the general design and construction of lifts for persons and materials
Hazards Relevant clauses in this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Crushing 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.6, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.2 Shearing 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.3 Cutting or severing 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.4 Entanglement 5.7.2
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7
1.6 Impact 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.8 Friction or abrasion 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 7.1.2
1.10 Ejection of parts 5.6.1.2
1.11 Loss of stability 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.6.3, 7.1.2.7.3
1.12 Slip, trip and fall 5.5, 5.6.1, 7.1.2.7.3
2 Electrical hazards
2.1 Electrical contact 5.8, 7.1.2.7.3
2.4 External influences 5.7.4.10, 5.8.3
3 Thermal hazards Not applicable
8 Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles in machine design
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.1, 5.6.1.3.2, 7.1.2.7.3
8.2 Inadequate consideration of human 5.5, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7
hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy
8.4 Inadequate area lighting 5.8.8, 7.1.2.7.3
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress 5.9
8.6 Human error 5.6.3, 5.9, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8, 7.3
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy
supply, breaking down of machinery
parts and other functional disorders
10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.7.4.1, 5.8.2, 7.1.2.5
10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or 5.7.2.3
fluids
10.3 Failure or malfunction of control system 5.9.2.2, 5.9.3, 5.9.6
10.4 Errors of fitting 5.4.1, 7.1.2.7
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine 5.2, 5.3, 7.1.2.7
stability
11 Hazards caused by missing and/or
incorrectly positioned safety related
measures/means
11.1 Guards 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 7.1.2.7
11.2 Safety related (protection) devices 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 7.1.2.7
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Hazards Relevant clauses in this standard
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.9.5, 5.9.7, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
11.4 Safety signs and signals 7.2
11.5 Information or warning devices 5.6.3, 7.2
11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.9.6
11.7 Emergency devices 5.6.2, 5.10, 7.1.2.5, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.10
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for 7.1.2.5, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.10
safe adjusting and/or maintaining
Hazards due to mobility
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working
5.8.8, 7.1.2.7.3
area
16 Hazards due to lifting operations
16.1 Lack of stability 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 7.1.2.7
16.2 Derailment of the car 5.4.1, 5.6.1
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery 5.2, 5.3, 5.6.3, 5.7, 7.1.2.10
and lifting accessories
16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled 5.5.3, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.8
movement
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the
5.5, 5.6.1, 7.1.2.8
moving parts
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.2, 7.1.2.8
20 Overloading or overcrowding of the car
5.7.3, 7.1.2.8
21 Unexpected movement of the car in 5.7, 5.9.7.1.2, 5.9.7.2.3, 5.10.4
response to external controls or other
movements of the machine
22 Excess speed 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7
23 Persons falling from the car 5.6.1
24 The car falling or overturning
5.4.1, 5.6.2, 5.7, 5.9.7.2.2
25 Excess acceleration or braking of the 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7.4.5, 7.1.2.10
car
26 Due to imprecise markings
7.2, 7.3
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
The design of the lift shall consider intended use, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance.
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and
EN ISO 12100-2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g.
sharp edges)
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SIST EN 81-43:2009
EN 81-43:2009 (E)
The design of all components that have to be handled during erection e.g. mast sections, shall have their
weight assessed against manual handling. Where the permissible weight for manual handling is exceeded,
the manufacturer shall give recommendations in the instruction handbook concerning suitable lifting
equipment.
All removable and detachable covers shall be retained by captive fastenings.
5.2 Load combinations and calculations
5.2.1 The structure of the lift shall be designed and constructed in such a way that its strength is satisfactory
under all intended conditions, including erection and dismantling.
The design of the structure of the lift as a whole and each part of it shall be based on the effects of any
possible combination of loads as specified in this Sub-clause 5.2. The load combinations shall consider the
least favourable locations of the car and load relative to the mast and its ties, both during the vertical passage
of the car and any horizontal movement of the car. Ties between the mast and the supporting structure are
considered to be part of the lift structure.
These load combinations are summarised in Table 2 — Load cases and safety factors.
Use of forces, load combinations and formulas in accordance with EN 81-1:1998 is accepted for permanent
installed lifts. Forces and load combinations not covered by EN 81-1:1998 such as mobility, wind forces and
rated load shall be calculated according to this standard.
5.2.2 When calculating the lift structure and every related component, the following forces and loads shall be
taken into account:
5.2.2.1 All dead weights with the exception of the car and equipment
...