SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
(Main)Plastics - Determination of bio-based carbon content
Plastics - Determination of bio-based carbon content
This Technical Specification specifies a calculation method for the determination of the bio-based carbon content in monomers, polymers and plastic materials and products, based on the 14C content measurement.
It also specifies three test methods to be used for the determination of the 14C content from which the bio-based carbon content is calculated:
- Method A: Proportional scintillation-counter method (PSM);
- Method B: Beta-ionisation (BI);
- Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
The bio-based carbon content is expressed by a fraction of sample mass, as a fraction of the total carbon content or as a fraction of the total organic carbon content.
This calculation method is applicable to any polymers containing organic carbon, including biocomposites.
NOTE This Technical Specification does not provide the methodology for the calculation of the biomass content of a sample.
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des biobasierten Kohlenstoffgehalts
In dieser Technischen Spezifikation wird das Berechnungsverfahren festgelegt, nach dem der Gehalt an biobasiertem Kohlenstoff in Monomeren, Polymeren, Kunststoffen und Produkten unter Anwendung des 14C Verfahrens bestimmt wird.
Es werden auch drei Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des 14C Gehalts beschrieben, aus dem der biobasierte Kohlenstoffgehalt zu errechnen ist:
- Verfahren A: Proportional Szintillationszähler Verfahren (PSM);
- Verfahren B: Beta Ionisation (BI);
- Verfahren C: Beschleuniger Massenspektrometrie (AMS).
Der biobasierte Kohlenstoffgehalt wird als Anteil der Probenmasse, als Anteil des Gesamtkohlenstoffgehalts oder als Anteil des gesamten organisch gebundenen Kohlenstoffgehalts angegeben.
Dieses Berechnungsverfahren ist auf alle Polymere anwendbar, die organischen Kohlenstoff enthalten und auch auf Bioverbundwerkstoffe (Biocomposita).
ANMERKUNG In dieser Technischen Spezifikation wird keine Methodologie für die Berechnung des Biomasseanteils einer Probe angegeben.
Plastiques - Détermination de la teneur en carbone biosourcé
La présente Spécification technique spécifie une méthode de calcul basée sur le mesurage du 14C, qui permet de déterminer la teneur en carbone biosourcé des monomères, polymères, matières plastiques et produits en plastiques.
Elle spécifie également trois méthodes d'essai à utiliser pour déterminer la teneur en 14C à partir de laquelle la teneur en carbone biosourcé sera calculée :
- Méthode A : méthode au compteur de scintillation proportionnel (PSM) ;
- Méthode B : ionisation Bêta (BI) ;
- Méthode C : spectrométrie de masse par accélérateur (AMS).
La teneur en carbone biosourcé est exprimée en fraction de masse d'échantillon, comme une fraction de la teneur en carbone total ou une fraction de la teneur en carbone organique total.
Cette méthode de calcul est applicable à tout polymère contenant du carbone organique, biocomposites inclus.
NOTE La présente Spécification technique n'indique pas la méthodologie pour calculer le contenu en biomasse d'un échantillon.
Polimerni materiali - Določevanje ogljika biološkega izvora
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa računsko metodo za določevanje ogljika biološkega izvora v monomerih, polimerih, polimernih materialih in proizvodih na osnovi merjenja vsebnosti 14C.
Določa tudi tri preskusne metode, ki se uporabljajo za določevanje vsebnosti 14C, iz katere se izračuna ogljik biološkega izvora:
- metoda A: proporcionalna metoda s scintilacijskim števcem (PSM);
- metoda B: beta-ionizacija (BI);
- metoda C: pospeševalna masna spektrometrija (AMS).
Ogljik biološkega izvora se izrazi z deležem mase vzorca kot delež skupnega ogljika ali kot delež skupnega organskega ogljika.
Ta metoda izračuna velja za vse polimerne materiale, ki vsebujejo organski ogljik, vključno z biokompoziti.
OPOMBA: Ta tehnična specifikacija ne podaja metodologije za izračun biomase vzorca.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
01-november-2011
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL'RORþHYDQMHRJOMLNDELRORãNHJDL]YRUD
Plastics - Determination of bio-based carbon content
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des biobasierten Kohlenstoffgehalts
Plastiques - Détermination de la teneur en carbone biosourcé
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16137:2011
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16137
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2011
ICS 83.080.01
English Version
Plastics - Determination of bio-based carbon content
Plastiques - Détermination de la teneur en carbone Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des biobasierten
biosourcé Kohlenstoffgehalts
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 20 December 2010 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16137:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols and abbreviations .7
4.1 Symbols .7
4.2 Abbreviations .8
5 Principle .8
6 Sampling .9
14
7 Determination of the C content .9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Principle .9
7.3 Procedure for the conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a suitable sample for
14
C determination . 10
7.4 Measurements . 10
8 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Correction factors . 11
8.3 Calculation method. 11
9 Test report . 14
Annex A (normative) Procedure for the conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a
14
suitable sample for C determination . 15
A.1 General . 15
A.2 Reagents and materials . 15
A.3 Combustion of the sample in a calorimetric bomb . 16
A.4 Combustion of the sample in a tube furnace or a combustion apparatus . 17
A.5 Dissolution and LSC direct measurement on the polymer . 17
Annex B (normative) Method A - Proportional scintillation-counter method (PSM) . 18
B.1 General . 18
B.2 Principle . 18
B.3 Reagents and materials . 18
B.4 Apparatus . 18
B.5 Procedure . 18
B.6 Calculation of the results . 20
Annex C (normative) Method B - Beta-ionisation (BI) . 21
C.1 General . 21
C.2 Principle . 21
C.3 Reagents and materials . 21
C.4 Apparatus . 22
C.5 Procedure . 22
C.6 Calculation of the results . 23
Annex D (normative) Method C - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) . 24
D.1 General . 24
D.2 Principle . 24
D.3 Reagents and materials . 24
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
D.4 Apparatus . 24
D.5 Procedure . 25
D.6 Calculation of the results. 25
Bibliography . 26
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16137:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the
secretariat of which is held by NBN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
Introduction
This Technical Specification specifies the calculation method for the determination of bio-based carbon
14
content in monomers, polymers, plastics materials and products using the C method.
14
This calculation method using the C method is based on the well established analytical test methods used
for the determination of the age of objects containing carbon.
This Technical Specification provides the reference test methods for laboratories, producers, suppliers and
purchasers of bio-based polymer materials and products. It can be also useful for authorities and inspection
organizations.
NOTE 1 This Technical Specification is based on EN 15440 [4] prepared by CEN/TC 343, Solid recovered fuels.
NOTE 2 The analytical test methods specified in this Technical Specification are compatible with those described in
ASTM D6866 - 10 [9].
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a calculation method for the determination of the bio-based carbon
14
content in monomers, polymers and plastic materials and products, based on the C content measurement.
14
It also specifies three test methods to be used for the determination of the C content from which the bio-
based carbon content is calculated:
Method A: Proportional scintillation-counter method (PSM);
Method B: Beta-ionisation (BI);
Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
The bio-based carbon content is expressed by a fraction of sample mass, as a fraction of the total carbon
content or as a fraction of the total organic carbon content.
This calculation method is applicable to any polymers containing organic carbon, including biocomposites.
NOTE This Technical Specification does not provide the methodology for the calculation of the biomass content of a
sample.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TR 15932:2010, Plastics — Recommendation for terminology and characterisation of biopolymers and
bioplastics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TR 15932:2010 and the following
apply.
3.1
bio-based carbon content
14
amount of carbon in a sample that is of recent origin, as evidenced by its C isotope content
3.2
biomass content
mass fraction of bio-based material in a sample
3.3
organic material
material containing carbon-based compound in which the element carbon is attached to other carbon atoms,
hydrogen, oxygen, or other elements in a chain, ring, or three-dimensional structure
3.4
organic carbon
carbon from organic material
3.5
isotope abundance
fraction of atoms of a particular isotope of an element
6
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
3.6
percentage modern carbon
pmC
1)
percent modern carbon relative to the N.I.S.T. oxalic acid radiocarbon standard reference material
SRM 4990B
NOTE In 1950, the internationally accepted radiocarbon dating reference value is 95 % of this activity of this NBS
oxalic acid SRM 4990b. In 2010, the value of 100 % bio-based carbon is set at 105 pmC.
3.7
laboratory sample
sub-quantity of a sample suitable for laboratory tests
3.8
sample
quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the property is to be determined
3.9
sample preparation
actions taken to obtain representative analyses samples or test portions from the original sample
3.10
β particle
electron emitted during radioactive decay
3.11
total carbon
TC
quantity of carbon present in a sample in the form of organic, inorganic and elemental carbon
[EN 13137:2001]
3.12
total organic carbon
TOC
quantity carbon that is converted into carbon dioxide by combustion and which is not liberated as carbon
dioxide by acid treatment
[EN 13137:2001]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
C symbol for element carbon
14
C carbon isotope with an atomic mass of 14
TC
x total carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the sample
TOC
x total organic carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the sample
x bio-based carbon content by mass, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the sample
B
1) National Institute of Standards and Technology - Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
7
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
TC
x bio-based carbon content by total carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the total carbon
B
content
TOC
x bio-based carbon content by total organic carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the total
B
organic carbon content
pmC(s) measured value, expressed in pmC, according to AMS method, of the sample
REF reference value, expressed in pmC, of 100 % bio-based carbon depending on the origin of organic
carbon
m mass of a sample expressed in grams
4.2 Abbreviations
AMS accelerator mass spectroscopy
BI beta-ionisation
Bq Bequerel (desintegrations per second)
cpm counts per minute
CV coefficient of variation
dpm disintegrations per minute
GM Geiger-Müller
LLD lower limit of detection
LSC liquid scintillation-counter or liquid scintillation-counting
MOP 3-methoxy 1-propyl amine
PE polyethylene
PLA poly(lactic acid)
pmC percentage of modern carbon
PSM proportional scintillation-counter method
TC total carbon
TOC total organic carbon
5 Principle
14
The C present in chemicals is originating from recent atmospheric CO . Due to its radioactive decay, it is
2
14
almost absent from fossil products older than 20 000 years to 30 000 years. The C content may thus be
considered as a tracer of chemicals recently synthesized from atmospheric CO and particularly of recently
2
produced bio-products.
14
The determination of the biomass content is based on the measurement of C in bio-based polymers which
allows the calculation of the bio-based carbon fraction.
8
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
14
A large experience in C determination and reference samples are available from dating of archaeological
objects, on which the three methods described in this technical specification are based:
Method A: Proportional scintillation-counter method (PSM),
Method B: Beta-ionisation (BI), or
Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
NOTE The advantages and disadvantages of these test methods are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Advantages and disadvantages of the methods
Method Technical Additional requests Duration needed Relative standard Instrumental
level for measurement deviation costs
Method A (PSM) Simple Normal laboratory 4 h to 12 h 2 % to 10 % Low
Method B (BI) Complex - Low background 8 h to 24 h 0,2 % to 5 % Low
laboratory
- Gas purification
device
Method C (AMS) Very - Large installation 10 min to 30 min 0,2 % to 2 % High
complex
- Graphite
conversion device
6 Sampling
If there is a standard sampling procedure for the material or product to be evaluated that is widely accepted by
the different parties, such a procedure may be used and the details of sampling recorded.
For any sampling procedure, the samples shall be representative of the material or product and the quantity or
mass of sample shall be accurately established.
14
7 Determination of the C content
7.1 General
14
A general sample preparation and three test methods for the determination of the C content are described in
this Technical Specification. With this modular approach it will be possible for normally equipped laboratories
14 14
to prepare samples for the C content, and determine the C content with own equipment or to outsource the
14
determination of the C content to laboratories that are specialized in this technique.
14
For the collection from the sample of the C content, generally accepted methods for the conversion of the
carbon present in the sample to CO are described.
2
14
For the measurement of the C content, methods are selected, that are already generally accepted as
methods for the determination of the age of objects.
7.2 Principle
14
The amount of bio-based carbon in the bio-based polymer is proportional to this C content.
Complete combustion (see Annex A) is carried out in a way to comply with the requirements of the
14
subsequent measurement of the C content and shall provide the quantitative recovery of all carbon present
9
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
in the sample as CO in order to yield valid results. This measurement shall be carried out according to one of
2
the three following methods:
Method A: Proportional scintillation-counter method (PSM): indirect determination of the isotope
14
abundance of C, through its emission of β particles (interaction with scintillation molecules), specified in
Annex B;
14
Method B: Beta-ionisation (BI): indirect determination of the isotope abundance of C, through its
emission of β particles (Geiger-Müller type detector), specified in Annex C, or
14
Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS): direct determination of the isotope abundance of C,
specified in Annex D.
7.3 Procedure for the conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a suitable sample for
14
C determination
The conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a suitable sample for the determination of the
14
C content shall be carried out according to the Annex A.
7.4 Measurements
14
The measurement of the C content of the sample shall be performed according to one of the methods as
described in Annexes B, C or D.
When collected samples are sent to specialized laboratories, the samples shall be stored in a way that no CO
2
from air can enter the absorption solution. A check on the in leak of CO from air shall be performed by
2
preparing laboratory blank’s during the sampling stage.
For the determination of the 0 % biomass content the combustion of a coal standard (e.g. BCR 181) may be
used.
For the 100 % biomass content the N.I.S.T. oxalic acid standard reference material (SRM 4990b) may be
used. Mixing this reference material with a known amount of fossil combustion aid improves its combustion
behaviour, as oxalic acid is difficult to combust due to its low calorific value. For routine checks a wood
standard reference material calibrated against the oxalic acid is sufficient.
8 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content
8.1 General
The calculation of the bio-based carbon content includes the following steps:
TC
a) the determination of the total carbon content of the sample, x , expressed as a percentage of the total
TOC
mass or the determination of the total organic carbon content of the sample, x , expressed as a
percentage of the total mass;
14
b) the calculation of the bio-based carbon content by mass, x , using the C content value, determined by
B
calculation from one of the test methods specified in Clause 7, and applying the correction factors
detailed in 8.2 (see 8.3.1).
TC
c) the calculation of the bio-based carbon content as a fraction of the total carbon content,x (see 8.3.2) or
B
TOC
as a fraction of the total organic carbon content,x (see 8.3.3).
B
10
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
8.2 Correction factors
Before the above-ground hydrogen bomb testing (started around 1955 and terminated in 1962) the
14
atmospheric C level had been constant to within a few percent, for the past millennium. Hence a sample
grown during this time has a well defined "modern" activity, and the fossil contribution could be determined in
14 14
a straightforward way. However, C created during the weapons testing increased the atmospheric C level
14
to up to 200 pmC in 1962, with a decline to 105 pmC in 2010. The C activity of a sample grown since year
14
1962 is elevated according to the average C level over the growing interval. In addition, the large emission of
14 12
fossil C during the last decades contributes to the decrease of the atmospheric C/ C ratio.
In ASTM D6866 - 10 [9] the 100 % bio-based C value of 105 pmC (for year 2010) is used. This value shall be
the base of calculations. Other values are only acceptable if they are based on experimental evidence. From
the 105 pmC value the correction factor of 0,95 (1/1,05) is derived. It is considered that such correction factor
is now stable during a period of a few years.
14
For the calculation of the bio-based carbon content, a C content of 100/0,95 pmC or 13,56/0,95 dpm per
gram C is considered as a 100 % bio-based carbon content for biomass that is grown in year 2009.
NOTE This correction value of 0,95 is in accordance with the value that is given in ASTM D6866 - 10 [9].
The fraction of biomass content by mass shall be calculated using the biomass carbon in the biopolymer as
for other organic carbon materials. Table 2 lists typical values for such common materials.
a
Table 2 — Typical values for biomass fractions
TC
Material x REF
% pmC
Wood (coniferous and deciduous) 48 114
Bark 52 111
Paper 47 114
Fresh biomass (from year 2010) 48 104
Silk 49 107
Wool 51 107
a
These values are given on “dry basis”.
8.3 Calculation method
8.3.1 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content by mass x
B
14
8.3.1.1 C content determined by Method A (PSM) or Method B (BI)
Calculate the bio-based carbon content by mass, x , expressed as a percentage, using Equation (1):
B
14
C
activity
x = ×100 (1)
B
REF
13,56× ×m
100
where
14 14
C is the C activity, expressed in dpm, of the sample obtained by calculation when using
activity
Method A (see Annex B);
11
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
REF is the reference value, expressed in pmC, of 100 % bio-based carbon of the biomass from which
the sample is constituted;
m is the mass, expressed in grams, of the sample.
14
8.3.1.2 C content determined by Method C (AMS)
Calculate the bio-based carbon content by mass, x , expressed as a percentage, using Equation (2):
B
pmC(s)
pmC(s)
TC TC
100
x = x = x (2)
B
REF
REF
100
where
TC
x is the total carbon content, expressed as a percentage, of the total mass, of the sample;
pmC(s) is the measured value, expressed in pmC, of the sample;
REF is the reference value, expressed in pmC, of 100 % bio-based carbon of the biomass from which
the sample is constituted.
TC
8.3.2 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content x as a fraction of TC
B
TC
Calculate the bio-based carbon content as a fraction of the total carbon content, x , expressed as a
B
percentage, using Equation (3):
x
TC
B
x = ×100 (3)
B
TC
x
where
is the bio-based carbon content by mass, expressed as a percentage;
x
B
TC
x is the total carbon content, expressed as a percentage, of the sample.
TOC
8.3.3 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content x as a fraction of TOC
B
TOC
Calculate the bio-based carbon content as a fraction of the total organic carbon content,x , expressed as a
B
percentage, using Equation (4):
x
TOC B
x = ×100 (4)
B
TOC
x
where
x is the bio-based carbon content by mass, expressed as a percentage;
B
TOC
x is the total organic carbon content, expressed as a percentage, of the sample.
12
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
8.3.4 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 Measurement according to Method A
TC
Sample made from pure wood (REF = 114 pmC, x = 48,0 %)
Mass of sample: m = 1,050 g
14
C activity = 7,75 dpm
7,75
x = ×100= 47,8%
B
114
13,56× ×1,05
100
47,8
TC
x = ×100= 99,6%
B
48,0
EXAMPLE 2 Measurement according to Method C
TC
Sample made from bark (REF = 111 pmC, x = 52,0 %)
NaOH solution: 1 M
14
C value = 61,7 pmC
61,7
100
x = 52 = 28,9%
B
111
100
28,9
TC
x = ×100= 55,6%
B
52,0
EXAMPLE 3 Calculation of bio-based carbon content as a fraction of TC
Pure bio-based polymer material
TC
Sample made from PLA material: x = 50,0 %; x = 50 %)
B
50,0
TC
x = ×100= 100%
B
50,0
EXAMPLE 4 Calculation of bio-based carbon content as a fraction of TOC
Mixed bio-based polymer material
Sample made from PE material containing a mixture of fossil PE and PE produced from biogenic syngas:
TOC
x = 86,0 %; x = 24,0 %
B
24,0
TOC
x = ×100= 27,9%
B
86,0
TC TOC
8.3.5 Examples of calculations of x and x
B B
TC TOC
Table 3 gives examples of calculations of x and x for different materials.
B B
13
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16137:2011
CEN/TS 16137:2011 (E)
Table 3 — Examples
TC TOC
TC TOC
Material Biomass x x x
B
x x
B B
content
% %
%
% %
%
Wood 100 48 48 48 100 100
Polymer containing 50 % of PE from fossil 50 90 90 45 50 50
source and 50 % of bio-based PE
Polymer containing 40 % of calcium carbonate 30 46,8 42 15 32 36
from fossil source, 30 % of PE from fossil
source and 30 % of bio-based PLA
9 Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) a reference to this document (CEN/TS 16137:2011);
b) all information necessary for complete identification of the bio-based polymer material or product tested,
including the origin of the biomass from which the material or product is constituted;
c) identification of the laboratory performing the test;
d) sample preparation;
e) storage conditions;
14
f) test method used for the determination of the C content (Method A, B or C);
g) results of the test including the basis on which they are expressed and application of the isotope
correction, including a precision statement;
h) method for the conversion of the carbon (see A.4);
14 14
i) C activity, expressed in dpm, of the sample or C value, expressed in pmC;
TC
j) total carbon content, x , expressed as a percentage, of the sample;
TOC
k) total organic carbon content, x , expressed as a percentage, of the sample;
l) bio-based carbon content by mass, x , expressed as a percentage, of the sample;
B
TC
m) bio-based carbon content by total carbon content, x ,expressed as a percentage, of the sample;
B
TOC
n) bio-based carbon content by
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.