SIST EN 10228-4:2016
(Main)Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings
Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings
This Part of EN 10228 specifies methods for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. Mechanised scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier.
This Part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes.
This Part of EN 10228 does not apply to
- rolled bars,
- turbine rotor and generator forgings.
Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of EN 10228.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 4: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitisch-ferritischem nichtrostendem Stahl
Dieser Teil der EN 10228 legt die ¬Methodik für die manuelle Ultraschall-Impuls-Echo-Prüfung von Schmiedestücken, die aus austenitischen oder austenitisch-ferritischen nichtrostenden Stählen gefertigt sind, fest. Mechanisierte Abtastverfahren wie die Tauchprüfung dürfen angewendet werden; darüber sollte jedoch eine Vereinbarung zwischen Besteller und Lieferer getroffen werden.
Dieser Teil der EN 10228 gilt für vier Typen von Schmiedestücken, die nach ihrer Form und nach dem Herstellverfahren eingeteilt sind. Die Typen 1, 2 und 3 umfassen im Wesentlichen einfache Formen. Typ 4 umfasst komplexe Formen.
Dieser Teil der EN 10228 gilt nicht für
gewalzte Stäbe;
Schmiedestücke für Turbinen- und Generatorrotoren.
Die Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus ferritischem und martensitischem Stahl ist Gegenstand von Teil 3 dieser Europäischen Norm.
Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 4 : Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno-ferritiques
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 spécifie les méthodes de contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers austénitiques et austéno ferritiques manuelles ou par réflexion. Les méthodes de balayage automatisées telles que l'essai par immersion peuvent être également utilisées mais après accord entre fournisseur et acheteur.
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 s'applique à quatre familles de pièces forgées, classées en fonction de leur forme et de leur mode de forgeage. Les pièces appartenant aux familles 1, 2 et 3 sont de forme simple. Les pièces appartenant à la famille 4 ont des formes complexes.
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 ne s'applique pas :
aux barres laminées ;
aux rotors de turbine et aux alternateurs.
Le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en acier ferritique et martensitique fait l'objet de l'EN 10228 3.
Neporušitveno preskušanje jeklenih izkovkov - 4. del: Ultrazvočno preskušanje avstenitnih in avstenitno-feritnih nerjavnih jeklenih izkovkov
Ta del standarda EN 10228 določa metode za ročno pulzno-odbojno ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov, izdelanih iz avstenitnega in feritno-avstenitnega nerjavnega jekla. Mehanizirane tehnike skeniranja, kot so preskusi s potopitvijo, se lahko uporabljajo, vendar naj bi se kupec in dobavitelj o tem predhodno strinjala.
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se uporablja za štiri tipe izkovkov, ki so klasificirani glede na njihovo obliko in metodo izdelave. Tipi 1, 2 in 3 imajo preprosto obliko. Tip 4 zajema kompleksne oblike.
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se ne uporablja za:
– valjane palice,
– izkovke turbinskih rotorjev in generatorjev.
Ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov iz feritnega in martenzitnega jekla je predmet 3. dela standarda EN 10228.
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 4: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitisch-ferritischem nichtrostendem StahlEssais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 4 : Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno-ferritiquesNon-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings77.140.85Železni in jekleni kovani izdelkiIron and steel forgings77.040.20Neporušitveno preskušanje kovinNon-destructive testing of metalsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 10228-4:2016SIST EN 10228-4:2016en,fr,de01-september-2016SIST EN 10228-4:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 10228-4:20001DGRPHãþDSIST EN 10228-4:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 10228-4
June
t r s x ICS
y yä r v rä t râ
y yä s v rä z w Supersedes EN
s r t t zæ vã s { { {English Version
Nonædestructive testing of steel forgings æ Part
vã Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austeniticæferritic stainless steel forgings Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier æ Partie
vã Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austénoæferritiques Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl æ Teil
vã Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitischæferritischem nichtrostendem Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on
u Octobert r s wä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s r t t zæ vã t r s x ESIST EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5 3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5 4 Mandatory information ................................................................................................................................ 6 5 Test procedure ................................................................................................................................................. 6 5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 5.2 Form ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 5.3 Content ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 6 Personnel qualification ................................................................................................................................. 7 7 Equipment and accessories ......................................................................................................................... 7 7.1 Instrument ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 7.2 Probes.................................................................................................................................................................. 7 7.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 7.2.2 Contouring ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2.3 Nominal frequency ......................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes ..................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes ......................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2.6 Dual-element probes ..................................................................................................................................... 8 7.3 Calibration blocks ........................................................................................................................................... 8 7.4 Reference blocks ............................................................................................................................................. 8 7.5 Couplant.............................................................................................................................................................. 8 8 Routine calibration and checking ............................................................................................................. 9 9 Stage of manufacture ..................................................................................................................................... 9 10 Surface condition ............................................................................................................................................ 9 10.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 10.2 Surface finish related to quality class ...................................................................................................... 9 10.3 As-forged surface condition ........................................................................................................................ 9 11 Test sensitivity .............................................................................................................................................. 10 11.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 11.2 Normal-beam probes .................................................................................................................................. 10 11.3 Angle-beam probes ...................................................................................................................................... 10 11.4 Repeat testing ................................................................................................................................................ 10 12 Scanning .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 12.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 12.2 Complex forgings .......................................................................................................................................... 11 12.3 Grid scanning coverage .............................................................................................................................. 11 12.4 100 % scanning coverage .......................................................................................................................... 11 12.5 Scanning speed .............................................................................................................................................. 11 13 Classification .................................................................................................................................................. 14 13.1 Classification of indications ..................................................................................................................... 14 13.2 Classification of discontinuities .............................................................................................................. 16 SIST EN 10228-4:2016
EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 3 14 Recording levels and acceptance criteria ............................................................................................ 19 15 Sizing ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 16 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 Annex A (informative)
Maximum testable depth for corresponding beam path range for circumferential angle-beam scans ......................................................................................................... 22 Annex B (informative)
Amplitude of indication in dB relative to % DAC .............................................. 24 Annex C (informative)
Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-4:1999 ................... 25
SIST EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 10228-4:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 111 “Steel castings and forgings”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10228-4:1999. Annex C provides the significant technical changes to the previous version EN 10228-4:1999. EN 10228 consists of the following parts under the general title Non-destructive testing of steel forgings: — Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection; — Part 2: Penetrant testing; — Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings; — Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 10228-4:2016
EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes techniques for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: — closed die forgings; — turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-1, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 1: List of general terms EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 2: Probes EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment EN ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block No. 1 (ISO 2400) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712) EN ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO 16811) EN ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and sizing of discontinuities (ISO 16827) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-4 apply. SIST EN 10228-4:2016
EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 6 4 Mandatory information The following aspects concerning ultrasonic testing shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier at the time of the enquiry or order: a) the manufacturing stage(s) at which ultrasonic testing shall be performed (see Clause 9); b) the volume(s) to be tested and whether grid scanning coverage or 100 % scanning coverage is required (see Clause 12); c) whether near surface testing is required (see 7.2.6); d) the quality class required, or the quality classes and the zones to which they apply (see Clause 14); e) the applicable recording/acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 5, Table 6 or Table 7; f) whether any special scanning coverage, equipment or couplant is required in addition to that detailed in Clauses 7 and 12; g) the scanning technique to be used if not manual (see Clause 1); h) the sizing techniques to be used for extended discontinuities (see Clause 15); i) the technique(s) to be used for setting sensitivity (see Clause 11); j) whether the test shall be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his representative; k) whether a written procedure shall be submitted for approval by the purchaser (see Clause 5); l) whether testing by angle-beam probes is required (see 11.3); m) the remaining test requirements for complex forgings (type 4) (see 12.2). 5 Test procedure 5.1 General Ultrasonic testing shall be performed in accordance with a written test procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order, the written test procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to the test. 5.2 Form The written test procedure shall be one of the following: a) a product specification; b) a test procedure written specifically for the application; c) this part of EN 10228 may be used if it is accompanied by examination details specific to the application. SIST EN 10228-4:2016
EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 7 5.3 Content The written test procedure shall contain the following details as minimum requirements: a) description of the forgings to be tested; b) reference documents; c) qualification of testing operator; d) stage of manufacture at which the test is carried out; e) testing zones specified in terms of the applicable quality classes; f) preparation of scanning surfaces; g) couplant; h) description of the test equipment; i) calibration and checking of the test equipment; j) scanning plan; k) description and sequence of testing operations; l) recording levels; m) characterization of discontinuities; n) acceptance criteria; o) test report. 6 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements detailed in EN ISO 9712. 7 Equipment and accessories 7.1 Instrument The ultrasonic instrument shall feature A-scan presentation and shall conform to EN 12668-1. 7.2 Probes 7.2.1 General Probes used for the initial detection of discontinuities shall conform to EN 12668-2. Where supplementary probes are used for purposes other than the initial detection of discontinuities, they need not conform to EN 12668-2. SIST EN 10228-4:2016
EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 8 7.2.2 Contouring When required, probes shall be contoured in accordance with EN ISO 16811. 7.2.3 Nominal frequency Probes shall have a nominal frequency in the range from 0,5 MHz to 6 MHz. 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes Effective transducer diameter shall be in the range from 10 mm to 40 mm. 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes For the transverse waves, the angle-beam probes shall be in the range from 35° to 70°. Effective transducer area shall be in the range from 20 mm2 to 625 mm2. 7.2.6 Dual-element probes If near-surface testing is required, then dual-element probes shall be used. 7.3 Calibration blocks Calibration blocks shall conform to the requirements detailed in EN ISO 2400. 7.4 Reference blocks Reference blocks shall be used when sensitivity shall be established by the distance-amplitude curve (DAC) technique and/or when discontinuities shall be sized in terms of amplitude relative to reference reflectors by the DAC technique. The surface condition of the reference block shall be representative of the surface condition of the object to be tested. Unless otherwise specified the reference block shall contain at least three reflectors covering the entire depth range being tested. The reference block shall be manufactured from one of the following: a) an excess length of the object to be tested; b) a part of the same material and with the same heat treatment condition as the object to be tested; c) a part having similar acoustic properties to the object to be tested. The c
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