SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
(Main)Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements (ISO 25239-5:2020)
Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements (ISO 25239-5:2020)
This document specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction
stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality
requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.
In this document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.
Rührreibschweißen - Aluminium - Teil 5: Qualitäts- und Prüfungsanforderungen (ISO 25239-5:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem die Fähigkeit des Herstellers ermittelt werden kann, das Rührreibschweißen (FSW) zur Fertigung von Produkten mit festgelegter Qualität einzusetzen. Er legt spezi¬fische Qualitätsanforderungen fest, weist diese Anforderungen aber keiner spezifischen Produktgruppe zu.
Der Begriff „Aluminium“ bezieht sich in diesem Dokument auf Aluminium und seine Legierungen.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht für das Rührreibpunktschweißen anzuwenden, das in der Normenreihe ISO 18785 abgedeckt ist.
Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 5: Exigences de qualité et de contrôle (ISO 25239-5:2020)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode permettant de déterminer l'aptitude d'un fabricant à utiliser le procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage pour la fabrication de produits ayant la qualité spécifiée. Elle spécifie des exigences de qualité, mais n'assigne pas ces exigences à un groupe spécifique de produits.
Dans présent document, le terme « aluminium » se rapporte à l'aluminium et ses alliages.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas au soudage par points par friction-malaxage, qui est couvert par les normes de la série ISO 18785.
Varjenje z gnetenjem - Aluminij - 5. del: Zahteve za kakovost in kontrolo (ISO 25239-5:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
01-november-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2012
Varjenje z gnetenjem - Aluminij - 5. del: Zahteve za kakovost in kontrolo (ISO
25239-5:2020)
Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements (ISO
25239-5:2020)
Rührreibschweißen - Aluminium - Teil 5: Qualitäts- und Prüfungsanforderungen (ISO
25239-5:2020)
Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 5: Exigences de qualité et de
contrôle (ISO 25239-5:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 25239-5:2020
ICS:
03.120.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo quality
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
EN ISO 25239-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 25239-5:2011
English Version
Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and
inspection requirements (ISO 25239-5:2020)
Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 5: Rührreibschweißen - Aluminium - Teil 5: Qualitäts-
Exigences de qualité et de contrôle (ISO 25239-5:2020) und Prüfungsanforderungen (ISO 25239-5:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 25239-5:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
EN ISO 25239-5:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
EN ISO 25239-5:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 25239-5:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC IIW
"International Institute of Welding" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding
and allied processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 25239-5:2011.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 25239-5:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 25239-5:2020 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25239-5
Second edition
2020-06
Friction stir welding — Aluminium —
Part 5:
Quality and inspection requirements
Soudage par friction-malaxage — Aluminium —
Partie 5: Exigences de qualité et de contrôle
Reference number
ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Quality requirements . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Welding personnel . 2
4.2.1 General. 2
4.2.2 Welding operator . 2
4.3 Inspection and testing personnel . 2
4.3.1 General. 2
4.3.2 Personnel performing non-destructive testing (including visual testing) . 2
4.3.3 Destructive testing personnel . 2
4.4 Equipment . 2
4.4.1 Suitability of equipment . 2
4.4.2 Reproducibility tests for qualified machine welding settings . 3
4.4.3 Equipment maintenance . 3
4.5 Welding procedure specification . 3
4.6 Friction stir welding tool . 3
4.6.1 Identification . 3
4.6.2 Friction stir welding tool inspection . 3
4.7 Pre-weld joint preparation and fit-up . 4
4.7.1 Joint preparation . 4
4.7.2 Pre-weld cleaning. 4
4.8 Preheating and interpass temperature control . 4
4.9 Tack welds . 4
4.10 Welding . 4
4.11 Postweld heat treatment . 4
4.12 Inspection and testing . 4
4.12.1 General. 4
4.12.2 Inspection and testing before welding. 4
4.12.3 Inspection and testing during welding . 5
4.12.4 Inspection and testing after welding . 5
4.12.5 Damaged and non-conforming welds . 6
4.12.6 Weld geometry correction . 6
4.13 Identification and traceability . 6
Annex A (normative) Imperfections, testing and examination, acceptance levels, and
ISO 6520-1 reference number . 7
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by IIW, International Institute of Welding, Commission III, Resistance
Welding, Solid State Welding and Allied Joining Process, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 25239-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the concept of three different acceptance levels for the assessment of weld quality has been added
to Annex A;
— the following imperfections have been added to Table A.1: angular misalignment, joint area
deformation, surface breaking cavity, solid inclusion, joint remnants and multiple imperfections;
— the requirements for personnel performing non-destructive testing and visual testing have been
aligned with ISO 17637
A list of all parts in the ISO 25239 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
Introduction
Welding processes are widely used in the fabrication of engineered structures. During the second half
of the twentieth century, fusion welding processes, wherein fusion is obtained by the melting of parent
material and usually a filler metal, dominated the welding of large structures. In 1991, Wayne Thomas
at TWI invented friction stir welding (FSW), which is carried out entirely in the solid phase (no melting).
The increasing use of FSW has created the need for this document in order to ensure that welding is
carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control is exercised over all aspects of the
operation. This document focuses on the FSW of aluminium because, at the time of publication, the
majority of commercial applications for FSW involved aluminium. Examples include railway carriages,
consumer products, food processing equipment, aerospace structures, and marine vessels.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
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SIST EN ISO 25239-5:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25239-5:2020(E)
Friction stir welding — Aluminium —
Part 5:
Quality and inspection requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction
stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality
requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.
In this document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
01-julij-2019
Varjenje z gnetenjem - Aluminij - 5. del: Zahteve za kakovost in kontrolo (ISO/DIS
25239-5:2019)
Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements (ISO/DIS
25239-5:2019)
Rührreibschweißen - Aluminium - Teil 5: Qualitäts- und Prüfungsanforderungen (ISO/DIS
25239-5:2019)
Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 5: Exigences de qualité et de
contrôle (ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 25239-5
ICS:
03.120.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo quality
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 25239-5
IIW Secretariat: ISO secretariat
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-05-22 2019-08-14
Friction stir welding — Aluminium —
Part 5:
Quality and inspection requirements
Soudage par friction-malaxage — Aluminium —
Partie 5: Exigences de qualité et de contrôle
ICS: 25.160.10
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
44/SC 10 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
This draft International Standard is submitted to all ISO member bodies for
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
voting, as a standard prepared by an international standardizing body in
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
accordance with Council Resolution 42/1999. The proposer, the International
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Institute of Welding (IIW), has been recognized by the ISO Council as an
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
international standardizing body for the purpose of Council Resolution
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
42/1999.
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Quality requirements . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Welding personnel . 2
4.2.1 General. 2
4.2.2 Welding operator . 2
4.3 Inspection and testing personnel . 2
4.3.1 General. 2
4.3.2 Personnel performing non-destructive testing and visual testing . 2
4.3.3 Destructive testing personnel . 2
4.4 Equipment . 2
4.4.1 Suitability of equipment . 2
4.4.2 New equipment . 3
4.4.3 Reproducibility tests for qualified machine welding settings . 3
4.4.4 Equipment maintenance . 3
4.5 Welding procedure specification . 3
4.6 Friction stir welding tool . 3
4.6.1 Identification . 3
4.6.2 Friction stir welding tool inspection . 4
4.7 Preweld joint preparation and fit-up . 4
4.7.1 Joint preparation . 4
4.7.2 Preweld cleaning. 4
4.8 Preheating and interpass temperature control . 4
4.9 Tack welds . 4
4.10 Welding . 4
4.11 Postweld heat treatment . 4
4.12 Inspection and testing . 4
4.12.1 General. 4
4.12.2 Inspection and testing before welding. 4
4.12.3 Inspection and testing during welding . 5
4.12.4 Inspection and testing after welding . 5
4.12.5 Damaged and non-conforming welds . 6
4.12.6 Weld geometry correction . 6
4.13 Identification and traceability . 6
Annex A (informative) Imperfections, testing and examination, acceptance levels, and
ISO 6520-1 reference number . 7
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing documents is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by IIW, International Institute of Welding, Commission III, Resistance
Welding, Solid State Welding and Allied Joining Process.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 25239-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— to be entered closer to publication
A list of all parts in the ISO 25239- series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
Introduction
Welding processes are widely used in the fabrication of engineered structures. During the second half
of the twentieth century, fusion welding processes, wherein fusion is obtained by the melting of parent
material and usually a filler metal, dominated the welding of large structures. Then, in 1991, Wayne
Thomas at TWI invented friction stir welding (FSW), which is carried out entirely in the solid phase (no
melting).
The increasing use of FSW has created the need for this document in order to ensure that welding is
carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control is exercised over all aspects of the
operation. This document focuses on the FSW of aluminium because, at the time of publication, the
majority of commercial applications for FSW involved aluminium. Examples include railway carriages,
consumer products, food processing equipment, aerospace structures, and marine vessels.
The parts of this document are:
Part 1: Vocabulary, defines terms specific to FSW.
Part 2: Design of weld joints, specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints in aluminium.
Part 3: Qualification of welding operators, specifies requirements for the qualification of a welding
operator for the FSW of aluminium.
Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures, specifies requirements for the specification
and qualification of welding procedures for the FSW of aluminium. A welding procedure specification
(WPS) is needed to provide a basis for planning welding operations and for quality control during
welding. Welding is considered a special process in the terminology of standards for quality systems.
Standards for quality systems usually require that special processes be carried out in accordance with
written procedure specifications. Metallurgical deviations constitute a special problem. Because non-
destructive testing of the mechanical properties is impossible at the present level of technology, this
has resulted in the establishment of a set of rules for qualification of the welding procedure prior to the
release of the WPS to actual production. ISO 25239-4 defines these rules.
Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements, specifies a method for determining the capability of a
fabricator to use the FSW process for the production of aluminium products of the specified quality. It
defines specific quality requirements but does not assign those requirements to any specific product
group. To be effective, welded structures should be free from serious problems in production and
in service. To achieve that goal, it is necessary to provide controls from the design phase through
material selection, fabrication, and inspection. For example, poor design can create serious and costly
difficulties in the workshop, on site, or in service. Incorrect material selection can result in welding
problems, such as cracking. Welding procedures have to be correctly formulated and qualified to avoid
imperfections. To ensure the fabrication of a quality product, management should understand the
sources of potential trouble and introduce appropriate quality and inspection procedures. Supervision
should be implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 25239-5:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 25239-5:2019(E)
Friction stir welding — Aluminium —
Part 5:
Quality and inspection requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 25239 specifies a method for determining the capability of a fabricator to use the
friction stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies
quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.
In this document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785- series.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
ISO 4136, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Transverse tensile test
ISO 9015-1, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Har
...
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